论乞力马扎罗的雪

On Symbolism in The Snows of KilimanjⅠ.Introduction1.1 About the writer and the storyErnest Hemingway (1899-1961) was born in Oak Park, Illinois. At the age of seventeen, he started a job as a writer in Kansas City. During the First World War, he became a health care provider in Italian army . He once got seriously wounded when he serviced at the front.Therefore, he had to spend much time recovering in the hospital with the help of the Italian government, After his coming back to the United States, he reported news there , very soon be sent back to Europe and other incidents reported in the Greek Revolution .In the 1920s , Hemingway went to Paris. And his first famous work the sun still rises ( 1926 ) was published.. And the book Farewell to Arms " ( 1929 ) was written about one that feels disappointed in the war as an ambulance officer and his deserters . Actually Hemingway’s personal experiences also reflect in the book when he was a correspondent in Spain. One of the most ambitious novel, Whom the Bell Tolls " ( 1940 ) has brought a strong effect on the society. Lately , the most brilliant and successful story , "Old Man" ( 1952 ) , which describes an brave fisherman’s experience on the sea, and particularly introduces the fighting process between the fish and the sea, and hisvictory failed.Hemingway was a great athlete like depicting soldiers , hunters , bullfighters , tough , in a honesty but wild way sometimes primitive and contemporary society. He could not find hope and confidence under this confrontation .It is not difficult to find that most of his prose is direct. And he trended to use understatement in short stories. And most stories included in the men no women " ( 1927 ) and the first 49 stories ( 1938 ) and so on . Hemingway passed away in Idaho at the year of 1961.It is well seen that Ernest Hemingway was known for his writing style : symbolism and Iceberg principle . Ernest Hemingway is a typical representative of the United States —after World War I "lost generation. The excellent work The Snows of Kilimanjaro," is full of interesting and amazing mystical symbols.The Snows of Kilimanjaro is written about that Harry’s legs got injured in the wilderness. Harry is dying because of lack of enough medical care. The threat of death is nothing, while it shows that people 's attitude towards death , which manifestants ofthe Hemingway's love theme . Hemingway lived through the two world wars. In his body are over two hundred pieces of shrapnel inside. Ernest Hemingway, and even read his obituary has its unique feeling of death: "death has a kind of beauty, a kind of quiet, a kind of deformation ,will not make me afraid."! “Africa’s highest and famous mountain " --, snow on mountain Kilimanjaro, and "froze on the mountain on the leopard", Hemingway is a symbol of this feeling body. Hemingway seems that even in the end of life and rigid state, there is still primitive, majestic and noble beauty; Fearless in the face of death, perhaps in the threat of war, intense competition and a strong heavy material may depressed, prospects, false hope individuals themselves may reflect only a force of personality . "Death" of "image" in the novel the hero, harry, to change his mind, and it is the end and fixed Hemingway in this way. Under the threat of upcoming death, Harry' s knowing about psychology , frankly, separation and underdevelopment, fascinated. If the image of "hills like white elephants" include implication of all surface narration in the novels, and the plot of "the snow of Kilimanjaro" is arranged very well ,all surfaces pointing to determine significance.1.2 About symbolismThe term symbolism originates from the Greek Symbolon, its meaning in the Greek means "a board (or a pottery) is divided into two and a half, host and each party holds one of, meet again together for showing affection or pledge. After many times, its righteousness became "as a concept in a form the habit of representative", namely to representatives of any ideas or things that can express some things and concepts of symbol . It is used in analogy with the usual people are different, it involves the essence of things with adeep meaning but different from metaphor. It is the late 19th century in France and in several countries of Western art trend.Symbolism is classified into two parts according to the period. One︰ before the latter half of the 19th century French poetry produced in the genre. The poetBaudelaire,Rimbaud,and Mallarme were very popular . Baudelaire's sonnet first made famous symbolism and theory.After symbolism in a war of world literature trend, climax in the20 s, 40 s almost approaching the end. Its main characteristic is: create a morbid beauty, inner "real" highest performance, using the symbol implies that an experience-feeling in illusion, with musicality increase effects of meditation.Symbolic systems or creative use of arbitrary symbols to represent different abstract representations of concepts or relationships between objects and their narrow definitionof context and definition of terms. Narrowly , "symbolism is defined that the application for using any iconic representation with a special traditional sense. In literature, symbolism refers to the use or may allow a wider range of applicability of prose meaning beyond the abstraction may describe literally. In fact, most or all of the novel - a symbolic use of rhetorical devices in the core concepts and objects of their work meaning. For instance, Joseph Conrad is fond of using a wide range of symbolic meaning, representing the theme applied to larger contemporary political and social environment..This paper aims to use detailed text analysis on some individual in-depth discussion on the symbolic image, thus reveal Hemingway's hidden deep meaning behind the short text and special demands. Symbolism applied to express death is frequently found in this novel.Ⅱ.The symbols in the articleApplication of symbolism in Kilimanjaro snow not only strengthens the authenticity , artistic and readability , but also sublimates the novel’s theme. In the novel, the narrator uses different symbols, including the police , hyenas , etc. to describe the death of Harry's delicate feelings . Harry's trip to Africa was a mentality of trying to regain this ability , he lost , but ironically , he was found dead. Death hereundoubtedly has a meaning of symbol like the body leopard as mentioned earlier , eagles over the camp , where the coyote several times .The snows of Kilimanjaro has many symbols, like Africa, the top of the hill, plain, snow, leopards, hyenas, vultures and so on. Owing to these mystery, the story become more realistic and easily understood by readers , but also deepen its symbolic meaning.2.1 The function of AfricaAfrica is also named the "black continent". It represents the mysterious nature in the story. The protagonist Harry return to here, and will eventually return to its arms. According to Hemingway, natural and beautiful is consistent. From this level is on Africa, some sort of moral meaning is inside. For Harry, Africa mean moral rebirth of hope: hehad the most beautiful and pleasant time of life in Africa, so he came here to start all over again, and purify the soul of baptism. Natural healing, is a recurring theme in Hemingway's novels, in the "time" of our common, for example, Jack’s fall in Paris after the indulgence, and Bill to the Spanish fishing trip far away.2.2 The comparison between the top of hill and plainsome people take the view that the mountain covered by snows represent death in the story. This perspective,to some extent, is reasonable because of the peak which means perfect. To achieve the perfect with death will, and through the complete fusion of the natureone can achieve. In the story, it is not only the symbol of death, but the symbol of the immortal soul. In contrast, plain symbolizes secularity. In the story, the plain is all the time burning hot with glare of sunlight. And the situation is the same with Harry.His injury left him no joy, he lived a life of death. In the traditional sense, the top represents the ideal or target, conversely, plain symbolizes the material values, and Harry is first in a secular state, but on his deathbed, his mind is longing for the pure white snow and the high mountain, which means that he wants to reach the ideal state at last. All in all, the comparison between cold in the peak and hot in the plain is good to emphasis the theme of this novel.2.3 The relation between snow and deathSnow is the symbol of the "eye" of the article, always give persons a feeling of mystery. Hemingway name the novel’s title as the snow of Kilimanjaro , it serves to show hisstress on the snow before the start of the story has a same type of scenery description: Title as "The Snows of Kilimanjaro", which shows his emphasis on the snow before thestart of the story there is a note-style scenery description: Kilimanjaro is of 19,710feet, the topmost hill in Africa. West peak called Masai , and it is God's temple . Inthe west supreme, there is an already dried frozen leopard's body. Leopard came to such cold place to find anything, and no one made explanations.Snow is white, cold, deserted, quiet, and can be a symbol of death, life, purity. Thewest peak "Snow White is unbelievable," due to its purity and divine, which is a symbolof immortal life over death, a symbol of the noble pursuit of beat version at ease, asigh of immortality is the highest state of life and career. In a large section of thefree association "snow" repeatedly for six times, and as the setting of the six stories, readers if you put yourself in, can have a good understanding of the symbol meaning ofthe snow.When reading the text carefully, it can be found that the story of freedom ofassociation , the lead characters of different psychological reactions related symbols. For example , the snow means a lot here. Background evil snow here death , injury, blood , it is described as ominous and dangerous things: the snow is so bright it hurts your eyes. Snows , Harry remembered the terrible war experience. Snow , Harry saw in his last dream. and many of his experiences with snow and he was aware of a sublimation of snow-capped mountains - Mount Kilimanjaro . Obviously, the snow refers to death . It is connectedwith the whole story, and the land of snow and emotional media Lenovo Harry .2.4 The function of leopardThe beginning of the article contains only three simple sentence and a complex 、short sentences proposed to the readers a fan of the "the leopard", and the leopard is a symbol,too. Leopard takes other animals as food. To find something to eat, it is the leopard’s purpose of constantly looking for food, but it couldn't find anything, only to freeze to death. However the way of the leopard died is different from that other animals completely preserved in the snow. Although it lost its life there, the constant pursuitof the spirit of fearless would be memorized. Harry, is a talented writer, but he is in order to live easy life, giving up what a author should pursue. With his moral fallen,his spirit is dead, in other words, the soul is corrupted. but the leopard is full of myth, and is kept in the memory of people forever.Hemingway likes Leopard very much. He has pointed out: as for a writer, the mostdifficult thing to do is to survive, to complete their work. "When Harry can't do that,but at the end of his life, knowing that he was completely, but he can do is all in the soul after the death ", that is his tragedy.Frozen leopard and hyena clear contrast between two attitudes toward death data: whilethe bodies of leopard permanent preservation indicate the possibility by reputation,hyena imply a sign of death. Kilimanjaro itself offers a obvious multifaceted hint. Hill suggest the mysterious death, mysterious snow emphasized the double closure Kilimanjaro. The novel is symbolic and plain. Harry is dying in the plains from gangrene, a stinking,putrid, and deadly infection, causing his body to rot and turn greenish black. Against Harry’s background of dark, smelly horror and hopelessness, Hemingway contrasts Harry’s memories of the good times that he had in the mountains. Good things happen in the mountains; bad things happen on the plains. Hemingway ends his story with Harry’s spirit triumphant, as when Harry dies, his spirit is released and travels to the summit of the mighty mountain where the square top of Kilimanjaro is “wide as all the world”; it is incredibly white as it shines dazzlingly in the sunlight. The snow white mountain is incredibly clean – a clean, well-lighted place.Leopard is the animal which means strength and Hemingway loves very much. Through the description of the endurance and intelligence between men and leopard, Hemingway shapesthe leopard by personification. As I have mentioned in the last part. The leopard in the end echoes the leopard at the beginning of the short story. It climbs to the summit ofthe mountain and dies and becomes the legend of people. They are seek eternity and free of soul. They all have strong will and pursue perfect. At first, we may wonder why the author describes leopard at the beginning. we find the leopard is a disregardful symbol which reveals the theme—death and courage when we reach the end. Over the death is another creation in this short story.2.5 The differences among leopard and vultures and hyenasVultures, vultures as well as hyenas all suggest endless horror. "The birds feed on dead animal as food and it seems that they stay around him just for waiting to take his flesh away. When he saw them close, he thought death. Since the car broke down, they could not go to other places, and today is their first to fall to the ground from the tree, ...... they approached him, meaning that death is coming. Then darkness approaching, there was another horrible death symbols --- hyena. When the hyena sometimes fell down, Harry immediately thought that his life would be finished, like a hyena moved closer to him and weighs heavy on him, make him to breathe. The feeling of pain to Harry and his gangrene extension from the legs to the body symptoms of vital organs, shows the Hemingwayproperly use the symbols. And this conscious, is obviously want to establish a connection between death and hyenas, the connection not only make readers feel nearly end of Harry’s life, but also to Harry after the way of life and the meaning of life is over time to make the evaluation: Harry previous way of life is a kind of death, is a kind of spirit’s pursuit, obsessed with material things have ceased to live a life. So Harry relies onto betray his pursuit, passively relying on the rich woman like Helen material wealth to sustain their empty life.Through the comparison of symbol, leopards and hyenas, reveals that the leopard symbolizes courage, persistent pursuit. The hyena is a symbol of a passive, comfortable, no pursuit of life .The symbolism of these two animals are fully reflecting the values of Hemingway's life.2.6 The function of HelenMany critics did not pay attention to the symbolic significance of Harry's lover Helen, although in the article she seems to be a play a decisive role . Hemingway in the article is given the symbol of her death. Signs in the article can be found in this meaning: "they drank the wine together, he felt so happy to surrender their life that default mood,Helen is very kind to him, who is a wonderful and gorgeous woman. But in spite of this, he knows that he is a person who is dying in future".In Harry's mind, Helen is not only a good woman who takes good care of him, but also she is truly in love with him. yet sheis a fatal for this safe and comfortable life of Harry , make him become complacent, lazy, result in his spirit and heart plain. The intention appears repeatedly: "as he saw her famous smile, he felt the death is coming". When struggling, Harry found her sitting between her and the bonfire, her lovely face shone by the firelight on the line. Heheard a cry the hyena in that a circle of fire outside".So Helen linked to the hyenas’s death together, Harry had a feeling of the breath of death instinct, Hemingway is consciously put Helen in here. Although in fact, hyenas and vultures waiting for Harry physical death, but Helen is hoping he can survive, even herlife so keep Harry. In fact, in "the green hills of Africa", someone once asked him," what specific things will damage a writer?" Hemingway replied: "politics, women, alcohol, money, ambition".Therefore, it is not hard to be known that Harry is a epitome to the authors.Hemingway is good at shaping men with steel-willed , women is full of men’s charactersin Hemingway’s works.On the one hand, Helen is not dependent and week-willed. Instead, she is courageous when she faces life and love. When she is young, her husband dies and her first childalso dies in an air accident. She endures all disasters and removes her pain through men and alcohol. She suffered a lot, but she is eager for true love and a man who she canrely on. She loves Harry and abandons her comfortable life in Paris and goes to untraversed east Africa with Harry. When Harry quarrels with her and queries why shepicks him as her lover, she answers confirmedly: I fell in love with you. The disease can ruin one’s life, destroy one’s will and take away one’s morality, but Helen does not leave Harry when he is seriously ill and takes care of him carefully. Besides, she is is skilled in shooting. Harry also says that she shoots very well. When Harry can’t move on the cot, she hunts animals to make broth for Harry.On the other hand, Hemingway’s attitudes towards woman are contradictive . He thinks that it is women that make men corrupt. Men can’t resist women’s temptation. Harry says I am so addicted to this amazing woman who has good skills of shooting. Harry is annoyed by his experience and attributes his misfortune to Helen. What’s more, Hemingwaybelieves men’s self-corruption is the essential reason of his extermination of their talent but women’s temptation. He shows mercy to women’s pure love for men.Ⅲ.ConclusionDifferent from other well-known American writer, Hemingway got the Nobel prize proficient in Modern Narrative Art in 1954, to help complete the reform in the literary world. Manyof Hemingway’s stories and novels are regarded as classics; they are taught in schools and have wide appeal to various ages. Hemingway's writing skills, which makes him win a high literary reputation, even changed traditional literature. The work The Snows ofKilimanjaro, throughout the stream of consciousness and symbolism, putting the imaginative nightmare, the bad dreams into reality. The author Hemingway appropriately use the stream of consciousness techniques to reveal the characters' inner activities, and leopards, vultures, snow,, hyenas and other rich symbolism and depictions of things, not only makes the story moving, but owns high readability. It has ceased to live and to die, and the two way of life in the inner contradictions and conflicts.At the last part, the reader comprehend the life and death of Harry with aloofness, and understand this article first appeared insight into "dead Leopard" symbolism. Although leopard " come to such cold place to find anything, no one given an explanation." But still it has come to the topmost mountain, and has reached the "God’s temple which lies in the highest place," . This is Harry, and this is death in Hemingway’s mind. This understanding is only part of his own, one in the literary world and the eternal significance of having a career in the field has made prominent achievements of the great figures of death unique feeling.About the end, it is very good, because it will suddenly pull back again at night time, the story develop in the another direction, the final outcome is two utterly different, and decree on step further, making people have a reflection; Telling people how to cherish the people around them. In the face of death may be just the time to remember it! But it will be blinded by grief heart for life. There is also the time to understand, but too late, we have a lot of people know this, but in life it always ignored. Sometimes, we can’t completely understand the meaning of our life. We can surprisingly find that the protagonists in Hemingway’s works are all filled with pain and tragedy like Harry. They live in void and can’t bear the physical and psychological pain. The image of Harry is actually Hemingway in a way. Harry and Hemingway have the same experience of war and suffering and are examples of the lost generation.。