会计学原理英文版21版答案

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会计学原理英文版

会计学原理英文版Accounting Principles。

Accounting is the language of business. It is a systematic process of identifying, recording, measuring, classifying, verifying, summarizing, interpreting and communicating financial information. Accounting principles are the rules and guidelines that companies must follow when reporting financial data. These principles are essential for the preparation of financial statements that are accurate and reliable.The basic principles of accounting are generally accepted and are the foundation on which the entire accounting structure is based. They provide a framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements. The following are some of the key accounting principles:1. Accrual Principle: This principle states that revenue and expenses should be recognized when they areincurred, regardless of when cash is received or paid. This means that revenue is recorded when it is earned and expenses are recorded when they are incurred, regardless of when the cash is actually received or paid out.2. Matching Principle: This principle requires that expenses be matched with revenues. It means that expenses should be recognized in the same period as the revenues to which they relate. This ensures that the financial statements accurately reflect the results of operations for a specific period.3. Cost Principle: According to this principle, assets should be recorded at their original cost. This means that when an asset is acquired, it is recorded at the amount of cash paid or the fair market value of the consideration given to acquire it.4. Going Concern Principle: This principle assumes thata business will continue to operate indefinitely. It means that the financial statements are prepared with the assumption that the business will continue to operate inthe foreseeable future.5. Conservatism Principle: This principle dictates that when in doubt, accountants should choose the method thatwill result in the least favorable outcome for the company. This means that assets and revenues are not overstated, and liabilities and expenses are not understated.6. Consistency Principle: This principle requires that once a company chooses an accounting method or principle,it should continue to use it consistently in the future. This ensures that financial statements are comparable over time.7. Materiality Principle: This principle states that financial information should be disclosed if it could influence the economic decisions of users. If theinformation is immaterial, it does not need to be disclosed.These principles form the basis for the preparation of financial statements that are reliable and comparable. They ensure that financial information is presented in aconsistent and understandable manner, allowing users to make informed decisions. Adhering to these principles is essential for the credibility and integrity of financial reporting.In conclusion, accounting principles are the guidelines that companies must follow when preparing financial statements. They ensure that financial information is accurate, reliable, and comparable. By adhering to these principles, companies can provide users with meaningful and useful financial information, which is essential for making informed economic decisions.。

怀尔德会计学原理21版英语题库答案

怀尔德会计学原理21版英语题库答案怀尔德会计学原理21版英语题库答案Chapter 1Accounting in BusinessQUESTIONS1. The purpose of accounting is to provide decision makers with relevant and reliableinformation to help them make better decisions. Examples include information forpeople making investments, loans, and business plans.2. Technology reduces the time, effort, and cost of recordkeeping. There is still ademand for people who can design accounting systems, supervise their operation,analyze complex transactions, and interpret reports. Demand also exists for peoplewho can effectively use computers to prepare and analyze accounting reports.Technology will never substitute for qualified people with abilities to prepare, use,analyze, and interpret accounting information.3. External users and their uses of accounting information include:(a) lenders, tomeasure the risk and return of loans; (b) shareholders, to assess whether to buy,sell, or hold their shares; (c) directors, to oversee theirinterests in the organization;(d) employees and labor unions, to judge the fairness of wages and assess futureemployment opportunities; and (e) regulators, to determine whetherthe organizationis complying with regulations. Other users are voters, legislators, governmentofficials, contributors to nonprofits, suppliers and customers.4. Business owners and managers use accounting information to help answerquestions such as: What resources does an organization own? Whatdebts are owed?How much income is earned? Are expenses reasonable for the level of sales? Arecustomers‘ accounts being promptly collected?5. Service businesses include: Standard and Poor‘s, Dun & Bradstreet, Merrill Lynch,Southwest Airlines, CitiCorp, Humana, Charles Schwab, and Prudential. Businessesoffering products include Nike, Reebok, Gap, Apple Computer, Ford Motor Co.,Philip Morris, Coca-Cola, Best Buy, and Circuit City.6. The internal role of accounting is to serve the organization‘s internal ope ratingfunctions. It does this by providing useful information for internal users incompleting their tasks more effectively and efficiently. By providing this information,accounting helps the organization reach its overall goals.7. Accounting professionals offer many services including auditing, managementadvice, tax planning, business valuation, and money management.8. Marketing managers are likely interested in information such as sales volume,advertising costs, promotion costs, salaries of sales personnel, and salescommissions.9. Accounting is described as a service activity because it serves decision makers byproviding information to help them make better business decisions.10. Some accounting-related professions include consultant,financial analyst,underwriter, financial planner, appraiser, FBI investigator, market researcher, andsystem designer.11. Ethics rules require that auditors avoid auditing clients in which they have a directinvestment, or if the auditor‘s fee is dependent on the figures in the client‘s reports.This will prev ent others from doubting the quality of the auditor‘s report.12. In addition to preparing tax returns, tax accountants help companies and individualsplan future transactions to minimize the amount of tax to be paid. They are alsoactively involved in estate planning and in helping set up organizations. Some taxaccountants work for regulatory agencies such as the IRS or the various statedepartments of revenue. These tax accountants help to enforce tax laws. 13. The objectivity concept means that financial statement information is supported byindependent, unbiased evidence other than someone‘s opinion or imagination. Thisconcept increases the reliability and verifiability of financial statement information. 14. This treatment is justified by both the cost principle and the going-concernassumption.15. The revenue recognition principle provides guidance for managers and auditors sothey know when to recognize revenue. If revenue is recognized too early, thebusiness looks more profitable than it is. On the other hand, if revenue isrecognized too late the business looks less profitable than it is. This principledemands that revenue be recognized when it is both earned and can be measuredreliably. The amount of revenue should equal the value of the assets received orexpected to be received from the business‘s operating activities covering a specifictime period.16. Business organizations can be organized in one of three basic forms: soleproprietorship, partnership, or corporation. These forms have implications for legalliability, taxation, continuity, number of owners, and legal status as follows:Proprietorship Partnership CorporationBusiness entity yes yes yesLegal entity no no yesLimited liability no* no* yesUnlimited life no no yesBusiness taxed no no yesOne owner allowed yes no yes*Proprietorships and partnerships that are set up as LLCs provide limited liability.17. (a) Assets are resources owned or controlled by a company that are expected toyield future benef its. (b) Liabilities are creditors‘ claims on assets that reflectobligations to provide assets, products or services to others.(c) Equity is theowner‘s claim on assets and is equal to assets minus liabilities.(d) Net assets referto equity.18. Equity is increased by investments from the owner and by net income. It isdecreased by withdrawals by the owner and by a net loss (which is the excess ofexpenses over revenues).19. Accounting principles consist of (a) general and (b) specific principles. Generalprinciples are the basic assumptions, concepts, and guidelines for preparingfinancial statements. They stem from long-used accounting practices. Specificprinciples are detailed rules used in reporting on business transactions and events.They usually arise from the rulings of authoritative and regulatory groups such asthe Financial Accounting Standards Board or the Securities and ExchangeCommission.20. Revenue (or sales) is the amount received from selling products and services. 21. Net income (also called income, profit or earnings) equals revenues minus expenses(if revenues exceed expenses). Net income increases equity. If expenses exceedrevenues, the company has a Net Loss. Net loss decreases equity.22. The four basic financial statements are: income statement, statement of owner‘sequity, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows.23. An income statement reports a company‘s revenues and expenses along with theresulting net income or loss over a period of time.24. Rent expense, utilities expense, administrative expenses, advertising and promotionexpenses, maintenance expense, and salaries and wages expenses are someexamples of business expenses.25. The statement of owner‘s equity explains the changes in equity from net income orloss, and from any owner contributions and withdrawals over a period of time. 26. The balance sheet describes a company‘s financial position (types and amounts ofassets, liabilities, and equity) at a point in time.27. The statement of cash flows reports on the cash inflows and outflows from acompany‘s operating, investing, and financing activities.28. Return on assets, also called return on investment, is a profitability measure that isuseful in evaluating management, analyzing and forecasting profits, and planningactivities. It is computed as net income divided by the averagetotal assets. Forexample, if we have an average annual balance of $100 in a bank account and itearns interest of $5 for the year, then our return on assets is $5 / $100 or 5%. Thereturn on assets is a popular measure for analysis because it allows us to comparecompanies of different sizes and in different industries.A 29. Return refers to income, and risk is the uncertainty about the return we expect tomake. The lower the risk of an investment, the lower the expected return. Forexample, savings accounts pay a low return because of the low riskof a bank notreturning the principal with interest. Higher risk implies higher,but riskier, expectedreturns.B30. Organizations carry out three major activities: financing,investing, and operating.Financing provides the means used to pay for resources. Investing refers to theacquisition and disposing of resources necessary to carry out the organizat ion‘splans. Operating activities are the actual carrying out of these plans. (Planning is theglue that connects these activities, including the organization’s ideas, goals andstrategies.)B31. An organization‘s financing activities (liabilities and equity) pay for investingactivities (assets). An organization cannot have more or less assets than itsliabilities and equity combined and, similarly, it cannot have more or less liabilitiesand equity than its total assets. This means: assets = liabilities + equity. Thisrelation is called the accounting equation (also called the balance sheet equation),and it applies to organizations at all times.32. The dollar amounts in Best Buy‘s financial statements are rounded to the nearest$1,000,000. Bes t Buy‘s consolidated st atement of earnings (or income statement)covers the fiscal year (consisting of 53 weeks) ended March 3, 2007. Best Buy alsoreports comparative income statements for the previous two years (consisting of 52weeks).33. In thousa nds, Circuit City‘s accoun ting equation is:Assets = Liabilities + Equity$4,007,283 = $2,216,039 + $1,791,24434. At December 31, 2006, RadioShack had (in millions) assets of $2,070.0, liabilities of$1,416.2, and equity of $653.8.35. The independent auditor for Apple, Inc., is KPMG LLP. The auditor expressly statesthat ―our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financialstatements based on our audits.‖ The auditor also states that ―these consolidatedfinancial statements are the responsibility of the Com pany‘s management.‖Chapter 21EXERCISESExercise 21-1 (25 minutes)1. Allocation of Indirect Expenses to Four Operating DepartmentsSupervision expensesDepartment Employees % of Total CostMaterials ................................ 40 20% $16,000Personnel .............................. 22 11 8,800Manufacturing ....................... 104 52 41,600Packaging .............................. 34 17 13,600Totals ..................................... 200 100% $80,000 Utilities expensesDepartment Square Feet % of Total CostMaterials ................................ 27,000 27% $16,470 Personnel .............................. 5,000 5 3,050Manufacturing ....................... 45,000 45 27,450Packaging .............................. 23,000 23 14,030Totals ..................................... 100,000 100% $61,000 Insurance expensesDepartment Asset Value % of T otal CostMaterials ................................ $ 60,000 50% $ 8,350 Personnel .............................. 1,200 1 167Manufacturing ....................... 42,000 35 5,845Packaging .............................. 16,800 14 2,338Totals .....................................$120,000 100% $16,7002. Report of Indirect Expenses Assigned to Four Operating DepartmentsSupervision Utilities Insurance TotalMaterials ................................$16,000 $16,470 $ 8,350 $ 40,820 Personnel ..............................8,800 3,050 167 $ 12,017 Manufacturing .......................41,600 27,450 5,845 $ 74,895 Packaging .............................. 13,600 14,030 2,338 $ 29,968 Totals ................................$80,000..... $61,000 $16,700 $157,700 Exercise 21-2 (30 minutes)Calculation of predetermined overhead rates to apply ABC Overhead Cost TotalCategory (Activity Total Amount ofCost Pool) Cost Cost Driver Predetermined Overhead Rate Supervision ........................$ 5,400 $36,000 15% of direct labor costDepreciation .......................56,600 2,000 MH $28.30 per machine hourLine preparation ................46,000 250 setups $184.00 per setup1. Assignment of overhead costs to the two products usingABCRounded edgeCost Cost per AssignedDriver Driver Unit CostSupervision ........................... $12,200 15% $ 1,830Machinery depreciation ........ 500 hours $ 28.30 14,150Line preparation.................... 40 setups $184.00 7,360Total overhead assigned ...... $23,340Squared edgeCost Cost per AssignedDriver Driver Unit CostSupervision ........................... $23,800 15% $ 3,570Machinery depreciation ........ 1,500 hour$ 28.30 42,450sLine preparation....................210 setups $184.00 38,640Total overhead assigned ...... $84,6602. Average cost per foot of the two productsRounded edge Squared edgeDirect materials .......................... $19,000 $ 43,200Direct labor ................................. 12,200 23,800Overhead (using ABC) ............... 23,340 84,660Total cost ................................... $54,540 $151,660Quantity produced ..................... 10,500 ft. 14,100 ft.Average cost per foot (ABC) ...... $5.19 $10.763. The average cost of rounded edge shelves declines and the average cost of squared edge shelves increases. Under the current allocation method, the rounded edge shelving was allocated 34% of all of the overhead cost ($12,200 direct labor/$36,000 total direct labor). However, it does not use 34% of all of the overhead resources. Specifically, it uses only 25% ofmachine hours (500 MH/2,000 MH), and 16% of the setups (40/250). Activity based costing allocated the individual overhead components in proportion to the resources used.Exercise 21-7 (15 minutes)(1) Items included in performance reportThe following items definitely should be included in the performance report for the auto service department manager because they arecontrolled or strongly influenced by the manager‘s decisions and activities:, Sales of parts, Sales of services, Cost of parts sold, Supplies, Wages (hourly)(2) Items excluded from performance reportThe following items definitely should be excluded from the performance report because the department manager cannot control or strongly influence them:, Building depreciation, Income taxes allocated to the department, Interest on long-term debt, Manager‘s salary(3) Items that may or may not be included in performance report The following items cannot be definitely included or definitely excluded from the performance report because they may or may not be completely under the manager‘s control or strong influence:, Payroll taxes Some portion of this expense relates to themanager‘s salary and is not controllable by themanager. The portion that relates to hourly wagesshould be treated as a controllable expense., Utilities Whether this expense is controllable depends on the design of the auto dealership. If the auto servicedepartment is in a separate building or has separateutility meters, these expenses are subject to themanager‘s control. Otherwise, th e expense probablyis not controllable by the manager of the auto servicedepartment.Exercise 21-9 (20 minutes)(1)Investment Center Net Income Average Assets Return on AssetsElectronics ................... $750,000 $3,750,000 20%Sporting Goods ............ 800,000 5,000,000 16%Comment: Its Electronics division is the superior investment center on the basis of the investment center return on assets.Exercise 21-9 (continued)(2)Investment Center Electronics Sporting GoodsNet income ................... $750,000 $800,000Target net income$3,750,000 x 12% ....... (450,000)5,000,000 x 12% ........ (600,000)Residual income……. $300,000 $200,000Comment: Its Electronics division is the superior investment center on the basis of investment center residual income.(3) The Electronics division should accept the new opportunity, since it will generate residual income of 3% (15% - 12%) of the investment‘s investedassets.Exercise 21-10 (15 minutes)Investment Center Net Income Sales Profit MarginElectronics ................... $750,000 $10,000,000 7.50%Sporting Goods ............ 800,000 8,000,000 10.0%InvestmentInvestment Center Sales Average Assets TurnoverElectronics ...................$10,000,000 $3,750,000 2.67Sporting Goods ............ 8,000,000 5,000,000 1.6Comments: Its Sporting goods division generates the most net income per dollar of sales, as shown by its higher profit margin. The Electronics division however is more efficient at generating sales from invested assets, based on its higher investment turnover.PROBLEM SET AProblem 21-1A (60 minutes)Part 1Average occupancy cost = $111,800 / 10,000 sq. ft. = $11.18 per sq. ft.Occupancy costs are assigned to the two departments as follows Department Square Footage Rate TotalLanya‘s Dept. ............... 1,000 $11.18 $11,180Jimez‘s Dept. ................ 1,700 $11.18 $19,006**A total of $30,186 ($11,180 + $19,006) in occupancy costs is charged to these departments. The company would follow a similar approach in allocating the remaining occupancy costs ($81,614, computed as $111,800 - $30,186) to its other departments (not shown in this problem).Part 2Market rates are used to allocate occupancy costs fordepreciation, interest, and taxes. Heating, lighting, and maintenance costs are allocated to the departments on both floors at the average rate per square foot. These costs are separately assigned to each class as follows:Total Value-Based Usage-BasedCosts Costs CostsDepreciation—Building...................$ 31,500 $31,500Interest—Building mortgage .......... 47,000 47,000Taxes—Building and land............... 14,000 14,000Gas (heating) expense .................... 4,425 $ 4,425Lighting expense ............................ 5,250 5,250Maintenance expense ..................... 9,625 ______ 9,625Total .................................................$111,800 $92,500 $19,300Problem 21-1A (Continued)Value-based costs are allocated to departments in two steps(i) Compute market value of each floorSquare Value perFloor Footage Sq. Ft. TotalFirst floor ...............................5,000 $40 $200,000Second floor ..........................5,000 10 50,000Total market value................. $250,000(ii) Allocate $92,500 to each floor based on its percent of market valueMarket % of Allocated Cost perFloor Value T otal Cost Sq. Ft.First floor ...............................$200,000 80% $74,000$14.80Second floor .......................... 50,000 20 18,500 3.70Totals ................................$250,000..... 100% $92,500 Usage-based costs allocation rate = $19,300 / 10,000 sq. ft.= $1.93 per sq. ft.We can then compute total allocation rates for the floors FloorValue Usage TotalFirst floor ............................... $14.80 $1.93 $16.73Second floor .......................... 3.70 1.93 $ 5.63These rates are applied to allocate occupancy costs to departments SquareDepartment Footage Rate TotalLanya‘s Department ........................ 1,000 $16.73 $16,730Jim ez‘s Department ........................ 1,700 5.63 $ 9,571Part 3A second-floor manager would prefer allocation based on market value. This is a reasonable and logical approach to allocation of occupancy costs. The current method assumes all square footage has equal value. This is not logical for this type of occupancy. It also means the。

怀尔德会计学原理21版英语题库答案

怀尔德会计学原理21版英语题库答案Chapter 1Accounting in BusinessQUESTIONS1. The purpose of accounting is to provide decision makers with relevant and reliableinformation to help them make better decisions. Examples include information forpeople making investments, loans, and business plans.2. Technology reduces the time, effort, and cost of recordkeeping. There is still ademand for people who can design accounting systems, supervise their operation,analyze complex transactions, and interpret reports. Demand also exists for peoplewho can effectively use computers to prepare and analyze accounting reports.Technology will never substitute for qualified people with abilities to prepare, use,analyze, and interpret accounting information.3. External users and their uses of accounting information include:(a) lenders, tomeasure the risk and return of loans; (b) shareholders, to assess whether to buy,sell, or hold their shares; (c) directors, to oversee theirinterests in the organization;(d) employees and labor unions, to judge the fairness of wages and assess futureemployment opportunities; and (e) regulators, to determine whetherthe organizationis complying with regulations. Other users are voters, legislators, governmentofficials, contributors to nonprofits, suppliers and customers.4. Business owners and managers use accounting information to help answerquestions such as: What resources does an organization own? Whatdebts are owed?How much income is earned? Are expenses reasonable for the level of sales? Arecustomers‘ accounts being promptly collected?5. Service businesses include: Standard and Poor‘s, Dun & Bradstreet, Merrill Lynch,Southwest Airlines, CitiCorp, Humana, Charles Schwab, and Prudential. Businessesoffering products include Nike, Reebok, Gap, Apple Computer, Ford Motor Co.,Philip Morris, Coca-Cola, Best Buy, and Circuit City.6. The internal role of accounting is to serve the organization‘s internal operatingfunctions. It does this by providing useful information for internal users incompleting their tasks more effectively and efficiently. By providing this information,accounting helps the organization reach its overall goals.7. Accounting professionals offer many services including auditing, managementadvice, tax planning, business valuation, and money management.8. Marketing managers are likely interested in information such as sales volume,advertising costs, promotion costs, salaries of sales personnel, and salescommissions.9. Accounting is described as a service activity because it serves decision makers byproviding information to help them make better business decisions.10. Some accounting-related professions include consultant,financial analyst,underwriter, financial planner, appraiser, FBI investigator, market researcher, andsystem designer.11. Ethics rules require that auditors avoid auditing clients in which they have a directinvestment, or if the auditor‘s fee is dependent on the figures in the client‘s reports.This will prev ent others from doubting the quality of the auditor‘s report.12. In addition to preparing tax returns, tax accountants help companies and individualsplan future transactions to minimize the amount of tax to be paid. They are alsoactively involved in estate planning and in helping set up organizations. Some taxaccountants work for regulatory agencies such as the IRS or the various statedepartments of revenue. These tax accountants help to enforce tax laws. 13. The objectivity concept means that financial statement information is supported byindependent, unbiased evidence other than someone‘s opinion or imagination. Thisconcept increases the reliability and verifiability of financial statement information. 14. This treatment is justified by both the cost principle and the going-concernassumption.15. The revenue recognition principle provides guidance for managers and auditors sothey know when to recognize revenue. If revenue is recognized too early, thebusiness looks more profitable than it is. On the other hand, if revenue isrecognized too late the business looks less profitable than it is. This principledemands that revenue be recognized when it is both earned and can be measuredreliably. The amount of revenue should equal the value of the assets received orexpected to be received from the business‘s operating activities covering a specifictime period.16. Business organizations can be organized in one of three basic forms: soleproprietorship, partnership, or corporation. These forms have implications for legalliability, taxation, continuity, number of owners, and legal status as follows:Proprietorship Partnership CorporationBusiness entity yes yes yesLegal entity no no yesLimited liability no* no* yesUnlimited life no no yesBusiness taxed no no yesOne owner allowed yes no yes*Proprietorships and partnerships that are set up as LLCs provide limited liability.17. (a) Assets are resources owned or controlled by a company that are expected toyield future benef its. (b) Liabilities are creditors‘ claims on assets that reflectobligations to provide assets, products or services to others. (c) Equity is theowner‘s claim on assets and is equal to assets minus liabilities.(d) Net assets referto equity.18. Equity is increased by investments from the owner and by net income. It isdecreased by withdrawals by the owner and by a net loss (which is the excess ofexpenses over revenues).19. Accounting principles consist of (a) general and (b) specific principles. Generalprinciples are the basic assumptions, concepts, and guidelines for preparingfinancial statements. They stem from long-used accounting practices. Specificprinciples are detailed rules used in reporting on business transactions and events.They usually arise from the rulings of authoritative and regulatory groups such asthe Financial Accounting Standards Board or the Securities and ExchangeCommission.20. Revenue (or sales) is the amount received from selling products and services. 21. Net income (also called income, profit or earnings) equals revenues minus expenses(if revenues exceed expenses). Net income increases equity. If expenses exceedrevenues, the company has a Net Loss. Net loss decreases equity.22. The four basic financial statements are: income statement, statement of owner‘sequity, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows.23. An income statement reports a company‘s revenues and expenses along with theresulting net income or loss over a period of time.24. Rent expense, utilities expense, administrative expenses, advertising and promotionexpenses, maintenance expense, and salaries and wages expenses are someexamples of business expenses.25. The statement of owner‘s equity explains the changes in equity from net income orloss, and from any owner contributions and withdrawals over a period of time. 26. The balance sheet describes a company‘s financial position (types and amounts ofassets, liabilities, and equity) at a point in time.27. The statement of cash flows reports on the cash inflows and outflows from acompany‘s operating, investing, and financing activities.28. Return on assets, also called return on investment, is a profitability measure that isuseful in evaluating management, analyzing and forecasting profits, and planningactivities. It is computed as net income divided by the averagetotal assets. Forexample, if we have an average annual balance of $100 in a bank account and itearns interest of $5 for the year, then our return on assets is $5 / $100 or 5%. Thereturn on assets is a popular measure for analysis because it allows us to comparecompanies of different sizes and in different industries.A 29. Return refers to income, and risk is the uncertainty about the return we expect tomake. The lower the risk of an investment, the lower the expected return. Forexample, savings accounts pay a low return because of the low riskof a bank notreturning the principal with interest. Higher risk implies higher,but riskier, expectedreturns.B30. Organizations carry out three major activities: financing, investing, and operating.Financing provides the means used to pay for resources. Investing refers to theacquisition and disposing of resources necessary to carry out the organizat ion‘splans. Operating activities are the actual carrying out of these plans. (Planning is theglue that connects these activities, including the organization’s ideas, goals andstrategies.)B31. An organization‘s financing activities (liabilities and equity) pay for investingactivities (assets). An organization cannot have more or less assets than itsliabilities and equity combined and, similarly, it cannot have more or less liabilitiesand equity than its total assets. This means: assets = liabilities + equity. Thisrelation is called the accounting equation (also called the balance sheet equation),and it applies to organizations at all times.32. The dollar amounts in Best Buy‘s financial statements are rounded to the nearest$1,000,000. Bes t Buy‘s consolidated statement of earnings (or income statement)covers the fiscal year (consisting of 53 weeks) ended March 3, 2007. Best Buy alsoreports comparative income statements for the previous two years (consisting of 52weeks).33. In thousa nds, Circuit City‘s accounting equation is:Assets = Liabilities + Equity$4,007,283 = $2,216,039 + $1,791,24434. At December 31, 2006, RadioShack had (in millions) assets of $2,070.0, liabilities of$1,416.2, and equity of $653.8.35. The independent auditor for Apple, Inc., is KPMG LLP. The auditor expressly statesthat ―our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financialstatements based on our audits.‖ The auditor also states that―these consolidatedfinancial statements are the responsibility of the Company‘s management.‖Chapter 21EXERCISESExercise 21-1 (25 minutes)1. Allocation of Indirect Expenses to Four Operating DepartmentsSupervision expensesDepartment Employees % of Total CostMaterials ................................ 40 20% $16,000Personnel .............................. 22 11 8,800Manufacturing ....................... 104 52 41,600Packaging .............................. 34 17 13,600Totals ..................................... 200 100% $80,000 Utilities expensesDepartment Square Feet % of Total CostMaterials ................................ 27,000 27% $16,470 Personnel .............................. 5,000 5 3,050 Manufacturing ....................... 45,000 45 27,450Packaging .............................. 23,000 23 14,030Totals ..................................... 100,000 100% $61,000 Insurance expensesDepartment Asset Value % of Total CostMaterials ................................ $ 60,000 50% $ 8,350 Personnel .............................. 1,200 1 167Manufacturing ....................... 42,000 35 5,845Packaging .............................. 16,800 14 2,338Totals .....................................$120,000 100% $16,7002. Report of Indirect Expenses Assigned to Four Operating DepartmentsSupervision Utilities Insurance TotalMaterials ................................$16,000 $16,470 $ 8,350 $ 40,820 Personnel ..............................8,800 3,050 167 $ 12,017 Manufacturing .......................41,600 27,450 5,845 $ 74,895 Packaging .............................. 13,600 14,030 2,338 $ 29,968 Totals ................................$80,000..... $61,000 $16,700 $157,700Exercise 21-2 (30 minutes)Calculation of predetermined overhead rates to apply ABCOverhead Cost TotalCategory (Activity Total Amount ofCost Pool) Cost Cost Driver Predetermined Overhead RateSupervision ........................$ 5,400 $36,000 15% of direct labor costDepreciation .......................56,600 2,000 MH $28.30 per machine hourLine preparation ................46,000 250 setups $184.00 per setup1. Assignment of overhead costs to the two products using ABCRounded edgeCost Cost per AssignedDriver Driver Unit CostSupervision ........................... $12,200 15% $ 1,830Machinery depreciation ........ 500 hours $ 28.30 14,150Line preparation.................... 40 setups $184.00 7,360Total overhead assigned ...... $23,340Squared edgeCost Cost per AssignedDriver Driver Unit CostSupervision ........................... $23,800 15% $ 3,570Machinery depreciation ........ 1,500 hour$ 28.30 42,450sLine preparation....................210 setups $184.00 38,640Total overhead assigned ...... $84,6602. Average cost per foot of the two productsRounded edge Squared edgeDirect materials .......................... $19,000 $ 43,200Direct labor ................................. 12,200 23,800Overhead (using ABC) ............... 23,340 84,660Total cost ................................... $54,540 $151,660Quantity produced ..................... 10,500 ft. 14,100 ft.Average cost per foot (ABC) ...... $5.19 $10.763. The average cost of rounded edge shelves declines and the average cost of squared edge shelves increases. Under the current allocation method, the rounded edge shelving was allocated 34% of all of the overhead cost ($12,200 direct labor/$36,000 total direct labor). However, it does not use 34% of all of the overhead resources. Specifically, it uses only 25% of machine hours (500 MH/2,000 MH), and 16% of the setups (40/250). Activity based costing allocated the individual overhead components in proportion to the resources used.Exercise 21-7 (15 minutes)(1) Items included in performance reportThe following items definitely should be included in the performance report for the auto service department manager because they arecontrolled or strongly influenced by the manager‘s decisions and activities:, Sales of parts, Sales of services, Cost of parts sold, Supplies, Wages (hourly)(2) Items excluded from performance reportThe following items definitely should be excluded from the performance report because the department manager cannot control or strongly influence them:, Building depreciation, Income taxes allocated to the department, Interest on long-term debt, Manager‘s salary(3) Items that may or may not be included in performance report The following items cannot be definitely included or definitely excluded from the performance report because they may or may not be completely under the manager‘s control or strong influence:, Payroll taxes Some portion of this expense relates to themanager‘s salary and is not controllable by themanager. The portion that relates to hourly wagesshould be treated as a controllable expense., Utilities Whether this expense is controllable depends on the design of the auto dealership. If the auto servicedepartment is in a separate building or has separateutility meters, these expenses are subject to themanager‘s control. Otherwise, th e expense probablyis not controllable by the manager of the auto servicedepartment.Exercise 21-9 (20 minutes)(1)Investment Center Net Income Average Assets Return on AssetsElectronics ................... $750,000 $3,750,000 20%Sporting Goods ............ 800,000 5,000,000 16%Comment: Its Electronics division is the superior investment center on the basis of the investment center return on assets.Exercise 21-9 (continued)(2)Investment Center Electronics Sporting GoodsNet income ................... $750,000 $800,000Target net income$3,750,000 x 12% ....... (450,000)5,000,000 x 12% ........ (600,000)Residual income……. $300,000 $200,000Comment: Its Electronics division is the superior investment center on the basis of investment center residual income.(3) The Electronics division should accept the new opportunity, since it will generate residual income of 3% (15% - 12%) of the investment‘s investedassets.Exercise 21-10 (15 minutes)Investment Center Net Income Sales Profit MarginElectronics ................... $750,000 $10,000,000 7.50%Sporting Goods ............ 800,000 8,000,000 10.0%InvestmentInvestment Center Sales Average Assets TurnoverElectronics ...................$10,000,000 $3,750,000 2.67Sporting Goods ............ 8,000,000 5,000,000 1.6Comments: Its Sporting goods division generates the most net income per dollar of sales, as shown by its higher profit margin. The Electronics division however is more efficient at generating sales from invested assets, based on its higher investment turnover.PROBLEM SET AProblem 21-1A (60 minutes)Part 1Average occupancy cost = $111,800 / 10,000 sq. ft. = $11.18 per sq. ft.Occupancy costs are assigned to the two departments as follows Department Square Footage Rate TotalLanya‘s Dept. ............... 1,000 $11.18 $11,180Jimez‘s Dept. ................ 1,700 $11.18 $19,006**A total of $30,186 ($11,180 + $19,006) in occupancy costs is charged to these departments. The company would follow a similar approach in allocating the remaining occupancy costs ($81,614, computed as $111,800 - $30,186) to its other departments (not shown in this problem).Part 2Market rates are used to allocate occupancy costs for depreciation, interest, and taxes. Heating, lighting, and maintenance costs are allocated to the departments on both floors at the average rate per square foot. These costs are separately assigned to each class as follows:Total Value-Based Usage-BasedCosts Costs CostsDepreciation—Building...................$ 31,500 $31,500Interest—Building mortgage .......... 47,000 47,000Taxes—Building and land............... 14,000 14,000Gas (heating) expense .................... 4,425 $ 4,425Lighting expense ............................ 5,250 5,250Maintenance expense ..................... 9,625 ______ 9,625Total .................................................$111,800 $92,500 $19,300Problem 21-1A (Continued)Value-based costs are allocated to departments in two steps(i) Compute market value of each floorSquare Value perFloor Footage Sq. Ft. TotalFirst floor ...............................5,000 $40 $200,000Second floor ..........................5,000 10 50,000Total market value................. $250,000(ii) Allocate $92,500 to each floor based on its percent of market valueMarket % of Allocated Cost perFloor Value Total Cost Sq. Ft.First floor ...............................$200,000 80% $74,000$14.80Second floor .......................... 50,000 20 18,500 3.70Totals ................................$250,000..... 100% $92,500 Usage-based costs allocation rate = $19,300 / 10,000 sq. ft.= $1.93 per sq. ft.We can then compute total allocation rates for the floors FloorValue Usage TotalFirst floor ............................... $14.80 $1.93 $16.73Second floor .......................... 3.70 1.93 $ 5.63These rates are applied to allocate occupancy costs to departments SquareDepartment Footage Rate TotalLanya‘s Department ........................ 1,000 $16.73 $16,730Jim ez‘s Department ........................ 1,700 5.63 $ 9,571Part 3A second-floor manager would prefer allocation based on market value. This is a reasonable and logical approach to allocation of occupancy costs. The current method assumes all square footage has equal value. This is not logical for this type of occupancy. It also means thesecond-floor space would be allocated a larger portion of costs under the current method, but less using an allocation based on market value.Problem 21-2A (45 minutes)Part 1Determination of cost per driver unitCost Center Cost Driver Cost per DriverProfessional salaries ......................$1,600,000 10,000 hours $160 per hourPatient services & supplies ............ $ 27,000 600 patients $45 per patientBuilding cost ................................$ 150,000... 1,500 sq. ft. $100 per sq. ft.Total costs ......................................$1,777,000Part 2Allocation of cost to the surgical departments using ABCGENERAL SURGERYCost Cost per AllocatedDriver Driver Unit CostProfessional salaries ............ 2,500 hours $160 per hr. $400,000 Patient services & supplies........ 400 patients $45 per patient18,000Building cost ......................... 600 sq. ft. $100 per sq. ft. 60,000Total .............................................................. ............................... $478,000Average cost perpatient ................................................................ $ 1,195ORTHOPEDIC SURGERYCost Cost per AllocatedDriver Driver Unit CostProfessional salaries ............ 7,500 hours $160 per hr.$1,200,000Patient services & supplies........ 200 patients $45 per patient9,000Building cost ......................... 900 sq. ft. $100 per sq. ft 90,000Total............................................................... ..............................$1,299,000Average cost perpatient ................................................................ $ 6,495[Note that the sum of the amounts allocated to General Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery ($478,000 + $1,299,000) equals the total amount of indirect costs ($1,777,000).]Part 3If all center costs were allocated on the number of patients, the average cost of general surgery would increase. Since general surgery sees 2/3 of all patients (400/600), it would get allocated 2/3 of all center costs. Orthopedic surgery is currently consuming more professional salaries and building space than general surgery, but has fewer patients.Problem 21-3A (70 minutes)Warton CompanyForecasted Departmental Income StatementsFor Year Ended December 31, 2010Combined Clock Mirror Paintings(1) Sales ..................................................... $183,600 $102,600 $50,000 $336,200(2) Cost of goods sold............................ 89,964 63,612 27,500 181,076Gross profit ......................................... 93,636 38,988 22,500 155,124Direct expensesSales salaries ................................... 21,000 7,1008,500 36,600Advertising........................................ 2,100 700 1,100 3,900(3) Store supplies used........................ 594 378 400 1,372Depreciation of equipment ........... 2,300 900 1,000 4,200Total direct expenses..................... 25,994 9,078 11,00046,072Allocated expenses(4) Rent expense.................................... 5,632 2,8352,353 10,820(4) Utilities expense .............................. 2,292 1,153 955 4,400(5) Share of office dept. expenses .... 15,288 8,540 4,172 28,000Total allocated expenses .............. 23,212 12,528 7,480 43,220 Total expenses ................................... 49,206 21,60618,480 89,292Net income .......................................... $ 44,430$17,382 $ 4,020 $ 65,832Supporting Computations—coded (1) through (5) in statement above Note 1 (Sales)Clock Mirror Paintings 2009 sales............................................ $170,000 $ 95,000 Growth rate (8% increase)................. x 108% x 108% 2010 sales............................................ $183,600 $102,600 $ 50,000Note 2 (Cost of Goods Sold)Clock Mirror Paintings 2009 cost of goods sold .................... $ 83,300 $ 58,900 $ 50,000 Growth rate (8% increase).. (x)108% x 108% x 55%* 2010 cost of goods sold .................... $ 89,964$ 63,612 $ 27,500 ALTERNATIVELY 2009 cost of goodssold .................... $ 83,300 $ 58,900 2009 sales............................................ $170,000 $ 95,000 2009 cost as % of sales ..................... 49% 62% 2010sales .......................................... $183,600 $102,600 $ 50,000 2010 cost as % of sales .................... x 49% x 62% x 55%* 2010 cost of goods sold .................... $ 89,964 $ 63,612 $ 27,500 * The 55% cost of goods sold percent is computed as 100% minus the predicted 45% gross profit margin.Problem 21-3A (Continued)Note 3 (Store Supplies Used)Clock Mirror Paintings 2009 store suppliesused ...................... $ 550 $ 350 Growth rate (8% increase)...................... x 108% x 108% 2010 storesupplies ................................. $ 594 $ 378 $ 400 Note 4 (Rent and Utilities)Clock Mirror Paintings 2009rent .................................................... $ 7,040 $3,780 One-fifth from clock to paintings (1,408) $ 1,408 One-fourth from mirror to paintings ______ (945) 945 2010 allocation of $10,820rent ............. $ 5,632 $ 2,835 $ 2,353 Percent of total* ...................................... 52.1% 26.2% 21.7% 2010 allocation of $4,400total utilities ............................................ $ 2,292 $ 1,153 $ 955Note 5 (Office Department Expenses)Clock Mirror Paintings 2010sales .................................................. $183,600 $102,600 $ 50,000 Percent of total sales * ............................54.6% 30.5% 14.9% 2010 allocation of $28,000total office departmentexpenses ($20,000 in 2009plus $8,000 increase) ............................ $ 15,288 $ 8,540 $ 4,172* Instructor note: If students round to something other than one-tenth of a percent, theirnumbers will slightly vary.Problem 21-4A (50 minutes)Part 1a.Responsibility Accounting Performance ReportManager, Camper DepartmentFor the YearBudgeted Actual Over (Under)Amount Amount Budget Controllable Costs Raw materials..................................$195,900 $194,800 $ (1,100) Employee wages ............................. 104,200 107,200 3,000Supplies used ................................. 34,000 32,900 (1,100) Depreciation—Equipment............... 63,000 63,000 0Totals ...............................................$397,100 $397,900 $ 800b.Responsibility Accounting Performance ReportManager, Trailer DepartmentFor the YearBudgeted Actual Over (Under)Amount Amount Budget Controllable Costs Raw materials................................ $276,200 $273,600 $ (2,600) Employee wages ........................... 205,200 208,000 2,800 Supplies used ............................... 92,200 91,300 (900) Depreciation—Equipment............. 127,000 127,000 0Totals ............................................. $700,600 $699,900 $ (700)Problem 21-4A (Continued)c.Responsibility Accounting Performance ReportManager, Ohio PlantFor the YearBudgeted Actual Over (Under)Amount Amount BudgetControllable CostsDept. manager salaries ................$ 97,000 $ 98,700 $ 1,700 Utilities ......................................... 8,800 9,200 400 Building rent................................. 15,700 15,500 (200) Other office salaries..................... 46,500 30,100 (16,400) Other office costs......................... 22,000 21,000 (1,000) Camper department ..................... 397,100 397,900 800Trailer department........................ 700,600 699,900 (700) Total ..............................................$1,287,700$1,272,300 $(15,400)Part 2The plant manager did a good job of controlling costs and meetingthe budget. He came in under budget for the plant even though he paid the department managers more than budgeted and had to absorb the amounts over budget in their departments. This is because he spent less than the budget amount on building rent, other office salaries, and other office costs. The Trailer Department manager also came in under budget. The Camper Department manager came in over budget, and thus performed the worse of the three managers.PROBLEM SET BProblem 21-1B (60 minutes)Part 1Average occupancy cost = $372,000 / 20,000 sq. ft. = $18.60 per sq. ft.Occupancy costs are assigned to Miller‘s department as follows。

会计学原理 1—6章英文练习

Chap 11.Mostly the objective of a business is not to make a profit.错2. A corporation is a business that is legally separate and distinct from its owners.对3. Accounting is a service that provides many different users with financial information to make economic decisions.对4. Primary users of accounting information are accountants.错5. "Managerial accounting is primarily concerned with the recording and reporting of economic data and activities of an entity for use by owners, creditors, governmental agencies, and the public." 错6. The financial statements of a proprietorship should include the owner's personal assets and liabilities.错7. The unit of measurement concept requires that economic data be recorded in a common unit of measurement 对8. "If a building is appraised for $90,000, offered for sale at $95,000, and the buyer pays $85,000 cash for it, the buyer would record the building at $90,000." 错9.An entity that is organized according to state or federal statutes and in which ownership is divided into shares of stock is a答案BA. proprietorshipB. corporationC. partnershipD. governmental unit10.Which of the following best describes accounting? BA. records economic data but does not communicate the data to users according to any specific rulesB. is an information system that provides reports to stakeholdersC. is of no use by individuals outside of the businessD. is used only for filling out tax returns and for financial statements for various type of governmental reporting requirements11. The two most common specialized fields of accounting in practice are BA. forensic accounting and financial accountingB. managerial accounting and financial accountingC. managerial accounting and environmental accountingD. financial accounting and tax accounting systems12.Which of the following is not a characteristic of financial accounting ______ CA. external reportingB. general-purpose informationC. future orientationD. standard and uniform reporting13.The business entity concept means that DA. the owner is part of the business entityB. an entity is organized according to state or federal statutesC. an entity is organized according to the rules set by the FASBD. "the entity is an individual economic unit for which data are recorded, analyzed, and reported"14."For accounting purposes, the business entity should be considered separate from its owners if the entity is" DA. a corporationB. a proprietorshipC. a partnershipD. all of the above15."Tom Smith is the owner of a small bookstore. He mainly does business through the internet so that the store has no physical office room and the ordersare dealt with at home. As a result, such bills as electricity, heating, telephone, and housecleaning are all recorded as expenses of the bookstore. This is not correct from the viewpoint of _______" AA. the separate entity conceptB. the going concern assumptionC. the accounting period conceptD. the monetary measurement assumption16.Which of the followings assures the accounting information users of timely decision___________ CA. the separate entity conceptB. the going concern assumptionC. the accounting period conceptD. the monetary measurement assumption17."Smith Company purchased $105,000 of computer equipment from Brown Company. Smith Company paid for the equipment using cash that had been obtained from the initial investment by Connie Smith. The transaction involving the computer equipment should be recorded on the accounting records of which of the following entities?" DA. Smith Company and Connie Smith's personal recordsB. Brown Company and Connie Smith's personal recordsC. Brown CompanyD. Smith Company and Brown Company18."The Reynolds Company estimated that the value of its land had increased from $10,000 to $16,000 and therefore wrote up the land account to $16,000. Which accounting concept(s) was (were) violated?" CA. separate entity conceptB. money measurement conceptC. historical cost conceptD. accounting period concept19.“Equipment with an estimated m arket value of $45,000 is offered for sale at $65,000. The equipment is acquired for $10,000 in cash and a note payable of $40,000 due in 30 days. The amount used in the buyer's accounting records to record this acquisition is" AA.50000B.65000C.10000D.4500020."(mark out all correct answers) Which of the followings should not be included in the financial records of Delicious Sam, a bakery at the corner of the street ____________" A C DA. "Sweetie Alice, another bakery located opposite to Delicious Sam, lowered its price for brown bread from 50 cents to 30 cents "B. Delicious Sam purchased 100kg of flour for $50C. "Sweetie Alice sold cookie of $10 to Sam, the owner of Delicious Sam."D. Delicious Sam promised free delivery to bulk buying customers in order to compete with Sweetie Alice.E. Sam withdrew $200 from his personal bank account to pay the bill from the miller who supplied flour to Delicious SamChap 2 –a3.An asset must have a physical substance and can be touched. 错9. Match each of the following items to: a. assets; b. liabilities; c. owners' equity;d. none of above items. 1.ending inventory ; 2.accounts payable to the suppliers;3.salaries due but unpaid;4.accounts receivable;5.retained earnings;6.capital stock;7.prepaid insurance答案：a b b a c c a13.How does the collection of cash from a customer who was previously put on account affect the accounting equation?答案CA．assets decrease; owner's equity decreases B.assets increase; owner's equity increasesC. assets increase; assets decreaseD. assets increase; liabilities increase25.(mark out all correct answers) The owner’s equity accounts of a partnership might be答案 B D EA. capital stockB. "Tom Smith, capital"C. retained earningsD. "Alice Butler, capital"E. "Pauline Jones, capital"Chap 2 –b3.Indicate for each of following transactions should related accounts be debited or credited. 1.Purchased inventory on account. The inventory account should be____; 2.Borrowed money from a bank. The notes payable account should be___; 3.Issued stock for cash. The capital stock should be____ 答案D C C6.Owner's equity is increased by 答案BA. cashB. revenueC. accounts receivableD. all of the above8."For a corporation, temporary proprietorship accounts are supposed to replace the ____________________ account temporarily."答案 retained earnings12.Consuming goods and services in the process of generating revenues results in expenses. 对17. Net profit reported in the Income statement will not be reduced when the corporation declares and pays cash dividends to the stockholders 对21. A credit signifies a decrease in 答案AA. drawingsB. liabilitiesC. capitalD. revenue27."Land, originally purchased for $20,000, is sold for $75,000 in cash. What is the effect of the sale on the accounting equation?" 答案BA. "assets increase $75,000; owner's equity increases $75,000"B. "assets increase $55,000; owner's equity increases $55,000"C. "assets increase $75,000; liabilities decrease $20,000; owner's equity increases $55,000"D. "assets increase $20,000; no change for liabilities; owner's equity increases $75,000"29.Which of the following entries records the payment of an account payable? 答案 DA. debit Cash; credit Accounts PayableB. debit Accounts Receivable; credit CashC. debit Cash; credit Supplies ExpenseD. debit Accounts Payable; credit CashChap 3 –a2.Which one of the following is a purpose of the ledger rather than a purpose of the journal?答案 AA. to show increases and decreases in accountsB. to show a chronological order for transactionsC. to show a complete transaction in one placeD. to help locate errors10.The accounting entry to record the purchase of office supplies for cash will not involve an expense account. 对14.The process of transferring the data from the journal to the ledger accounts is posting. 对20.Posting a transaction twice will not cause the trial balance totals to be unequal.对21.Journalizing a transaction with both the debit and the credit for $69 instead of $96 will cause the trial balance to be out of balance. 错23."The total number at the bottom of the trial balance should equal to the total number at the bottom of the balance sheet, because they both show the equality of the accounting equation." 错24.(mark out all correct answers) The credit column of a T/B might include _______ accounts。

最新2021版会计学原理课后习题及答案

a．实际成本b．经济核算c．持续经营d．会计准则2．会计的基本职能是（）。

a．核算和监督b．预测和决策c．监督和分析d．充分反映和核算3．会计核算应以实际发生的交易或事项为依据，如实反映企业财务状况，体现了（）原则。

a．实质著重形式b．明确性c．客观性d．慎重性4．计提坏账准备工作的作法彰显了（）。

ａ．相关性ｂ．谨慎性ｃ．重要性ｄ．可比性5．企业的会计核算要求会计指标应当口径一致，体现了（）原则。

ａ．相关性ｂ．明晰性ｃ．客观性ｄ．可比性6．（）就是处置会计工作的规范，制订会计制度的依据，也就是评价会计信息质量的标准。

ａ．会计法律法规ｂ．企业会计准则ｃ．金融企业会计制度ｄ．小企业会计制度二、多项选择题1．工业企业的资金循环形态存有（）。

ａ．货币资金ｂ．流通资金ｃ．生产资金ｄ．储备资金e．成品资金f．商品资金2．会计的新职能包括（）。

ａ．掌控ｂ．分析ｃ．核算ｄ．检查e．预测f．决策3．以下各项属会计核算专门方法的存有（）。

ａ．登记账本ｂ．成本计算ｃ．复式记账ｄ．预测决策e．财产清查f．监督检查4．以下各项属会计信息质量建议的存有（）。

ａ．客观性ｂ．完整性ｃ．重要性ｄ．相关性e．连续性f．可比性5．以下各项可以做为财务会计主体的存有（）。

ａ．集团公司ｂ．独立核算的分公司ｃ．非独立核算的车间ｄ．独立核算的营业部6．我国已公布继续执行的企业会计制度存有（）。

ａ．《企业会计制度》ｂ．《金融企业会计制度》ｃ．《小企业会计制度》ｄ．《物流企业会计制度》三、判断题1．（）会计核算的各种专门方法在会计核算过程中应单独运用，互不相干。

12．（）会计主体应该是独立核算的经济实体。

3．（4．（5．（6．（）财务会计的基本职能就是检查和监督。

）财务会计基本前提包含财务会计主体、货币计量、资料完整和经济效益。

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会计学原理英文版21版答案【篇一：19版《会计学原理》会计英语双语词汇怀尔德】=txt>会计术语accounting; account; accountant; cpa, cma, cia, cb, cfe; financial accounting; managerial accounting; auditor; internal control; financial management; bookkeeping recordkeeping;会计;账户;会计师;注册会计师,注册管理会计师,注册内部审计师,注册簿记员,注册舞弊检查员;财务会计,管理会计,审计员,内部控制;财务管理;记账；记录;rd, research development; hr human resource; distribution; logistics; marketing; not-for-profit organization; shareholder; stakeholder; lender; creditor; debtors; supplier; customer; regulator; legislator; board of director; broker; mortgage; wholesaler, retailer; merchandiser; manufacturer; services; consignor; consignee; entrepreneur, entrepreneurship; sole proprietorship; partnership; corporation; common stock or ordinary share; preferred stock or preference share; corporate governance system; limited company; soe：state-owned enterprise; sme： small and medium sized enterprise;研发、研发、人力资源;分配；物流;销售;非营利组织;股东;利益相关者;出借人;债权人,债务人;供应商;客户;监管;立法;董事会;代理;抵押贷款;批发商、零售商,推销商,制造商,服务,发货人,收货人,企业家,企业家能力;个人独资,合伙企业;企业;普通股或普通股,优先股或优先股;公司治理系统;有限公司；国有企业,中小企业,financial statement; financial report; footnotes to financial statement; interim financial statement; annual, semiannually, quarterly, monthly financial statement; balance sheet; income statemen t; cash flow statement; statement of owner’s equity; classified financial statement; pro forma financial statements; unadjusted trialbalance; adjusted trial balance; post-closing trial balance; book; journal; ledger; general journal; specific journal; general ledger; subsidiary ledger; chart of accounts; double-entry accounting; working papers; work sheet; 财务报表、财务报告、财务报表附注;中期财务报表,年度,每半年、季度、月度财务报表,资产负债表,损益表,现金流量表,所有者权益表;财务报表分类;形式上的财务报表;调整前试算表,调整后试算表,结帐后试算表;账簿;日记账;分类账;一般日记账;特定日记账,总账、明细分类帐;会计科目表;复式会计;工作底稿;工作表;accounting ethics; accounting fraud, scandal; bogus accounting report; accounting oversight; stringent internal control; accounting principle, assumption, and standard;social responsibility; fasb, gaap, sec, iasb, ifrs; general principle, specific principles; cash basis accounting; accrual basis accounting; cost principle; revenue reorganization principle; matching principle; materiality constraint (cost-to-benefit constraint); full disclosure principle; going-concern assumption; monetary unit assumption; time period assumption (periodicityassumption) ; business entity assumption; consistency concept; conservatism constraint; lower of cost or market; lifo conformity rule;会计道德;会计欺诈，丑闻,虚假的会计报告;会计监督;严格的内部控制,会计原则,假设,和标准;社会责任;财务会计准则委员会,公认会计准则,证券交易委员会,国际会计准则委员会,国际财务报告准则;一般原则,具体原则;收付实现制;权责发生制会计;成本原则;收入确认原则,配比原则;物质性约束(效益成本约束);全面披露原则,持续经营假设;货币计量假设;会计分期假设(周期性假设);会计主体假设;一致性概念;保守主义约束;降低成本或市场;后进先出一致性规则;accounting cycle; operating cycle; accounting documents; source documents; sales tickets; checks; purchase orders; bills; invoice; cash register; money and any medium of exchange; deposit; money orders; promissory note; written promise; asset; tangible asset; intangible asset; liability; owner’s equity; revenue; expense; profit; current asset; non-current asset; fixed asset; plant and equipment; cash discount; cost of goods sold; credit memorandum; credit period; credit terms; debit memorandum; discount period; eom (end of month); fobshipping point; fob destination; general and administrative expenses; gross margin; inventory; list price; multiple-step income statement; periodic inventory system; perpetual inventory system; purchase return and allowance; shrinkage; supplementary records; trade discount; damage and loss intransit; transportation-in， transportation-out; itemized cost; physical count; deterioration;会计循环;营业周期;会计凭证;原始凭证;销售票据,检查,采购订单,账单;发票;收银台;金钱和任何交换的媒介,存款,汇票,本票,书面承诺;资产,有形资产,无形资产,负债,所有者权益,收入,费用,利润,流动资产、非流动资产、固定资产、厂房和设备,现金折扣,销货成本;信用证 ;信贷时期,信贷条件;借项通知单;折扣期间，月末;寄发地交货,目的地交货;一般及行政费用,毛利;存货;定价;多级损益表;定期盘存制;永续盘存制;回购和津贴;损失;补充记录;商业折扣,伤亡和损失在运输过程中,运入运费，运出运费;会计成本;实物盘点;衰退;t-account; contra account; permanent accounts; temporary accounts; transaction and event; what-if or proposed transaction; liquidation; net income or loss; income summary; sale on credit, sale on account; receivables; payables; capital; supplies; notes payable; accumulated depreciation; straight-line depreciation; reduced balance depreciation; withdrawal; deferral; accruals; deferred expenses or revenues; accrued expenses or revenues; working capital; beginning balance; ending balance, end-of-period balance; normal balance; opposite normal balance; short-term, long-term; point of time, period of time; prior period; fiscal year, 12 consecutive months or 52 weeks; calendar year; natural business year; closing entries; prepaid account; premium; journal entry; year-end adjusting entry; posting reference column; unearned revenue;丁字式帐户;抵销帐户;永久账户;临时账户,交易和事件,提出假设或事务;清算;净利润或损失;收益汇总;赊销,赊销;应收,应付款;资本;物料;应付票据,累计折旧;直线折旧,余额递减折旧;撤资;延迟;权责发生额;递延费用或收入;应计费用或收入,营运资本,期初余额,期末余额,期末余额;正常平衡;相反的正常平衡,短期、长期,时点,时期,前期;财政年度,连续12个月或52周,历年;自然年;结帐分录;预付帐户;溢价;日记账分录,年终调整分录;过账备查账,预收收入;business decision; lending decision; investment; return; financing; cost of capital; dividend; bonus; principal amount; interest rate; book value; historical value; residual value; salvage value; amount; pro rata basis; gift card; gift certificate; coupon; premium; salary; wage; pension; welfare; interest; vacation, vocation; carton, cartoon; patent; trademarks; copyrights; franchise; goodwill; licensing agreement; inflation;deflation; goods in transit; goods on consignment; goods damaged or obsolete (deteriorate) ; goods work-in-progress; incidental cost; inventory costing method; physical flow of goods and cost flow of inventory; cost in or out of inventory; specific identification; first-in, first-out; last-in, first-out; weighted average;商业决策;贷款决策;投资;回报;融资;资本成本;股息,红利,本金;利率;账面价值;历史价值;残值;残值;数量;按比例;礼品卡;礼券,礼券,奖金;工资,工资,养老金;福利;利息;假期,假期,纸箱,卡通,专利,商标,版权,特许经营;商誉;许可协议;通货膨胀,通货紧缩,货物在运输途中,货物托运;货物损坏或过时(恶化),货物在制品;杂项费用,存货成本核算方法;商品实质流程和存货成本流;成本或库存,具体识别;先进,先进先出,后进先出,加权平均,,identify; record; classify; communicate; analyze; interpret; prepare financial statement (trial balance); present; manipulate; disclose; withdraw; own; owe; yield; prescribe; summarize; journalize; post; credit; debit;understate; overstate; adjust; defer; subtract; add; multiply; divide; transfer; update; come due; smooth out changes in cost; match cost with revenue;识别、记录、分类;沟通;分析;解释;准备财务报表(试);现在,操纵;披露;撤资;自己所有的;欠;产量;规定;总结;记日记账;宣布;贷方;借方;低估;高估;调整;推迟;减少;增加;乘;分化;转移;更新;到期;平滑变化成本;成本与收入匹配;financial management terms财务管理方面part a-chapter 1 部分一章1financial accounting, managerial accounting, and financial management财务会计、管理会计和财务管理investment decision, financing decision, and dividenddecision投资决策、融资决策和股利决策enterprise, company, firm, business, proprietorship, partnership, corporation企业、公司、公司、企业,独资企业,合伙企业,公司listed company or quoted company上市公司或上市公司stock exchange listing regulation证券交易所上市的监管voluntary and not-for-profit organization, economy, effectiveness and efficiency自愿和非营利性组织、经济、有效性和效率corporate strategy and financial strategy公司战略和财务战略accounting principle, rules, standards, and assumptions会计原则、规则、标准和假设going-concern basis, accounting period, accounting entity, and stable monetary unit assumption持续经营基础上,会计期间、会计主体和稳定货币单位的假设monetary and non-monetary measures货币和非货币性的措施financial statement and financial report财务报表和财务报告balance sheet or statement of financial position资产负债表或财务状况的声明income statement, cash flow statement, and statement of owner’s equity损益表、现金流量表和所有者权益的声明financial objectives or targets财务目标或目标identification and formulation of objectives识别和制定目标the welfare of employee, of management, of society员工的福利,社会的管理the fulfillment of responsibility towards customers and suppliers实现对客户和供应商的责任shareholders’ wealth maximization股东财富最大化profitability, growth, customer satisfaction盈利能力、增长、客户满意度financial achievement财务成果actual performance and forecast performance实际性能和预测性能disproportionate to true worth不成比例的真实价值drawback, advantage, disadvantage, shortcoming缺点,优点,缺点,缺点agency relationship, goal congruence代理关系,目标一致corporate governance, internal control, and risk management公司治理、内部控制和风险管理reward scheme, performance-related pay, extrinsic andintrinsic rewards奖励计划,绩效工资,外在和内在的回报accountability, good supervision,问责,监督好,remuneration committee, nomination committee, independent non-executive director薪酬委员会、提名委员会、独立非执行董事accountant and auditor会计和审计shareholder or stockholder, and stakeholder, creditor anddebt holder股东或股东和利益相关者,债权人和债务持有人employees, directors; managers, pensioners, shareholders, debt holders, investors, customers, bankers, suppliers, competitors, government, pressure groups, local and national communities, professional and regulatory bodies雇员、董事、管理人员、退休人员、股东、债权人、投资者、客户、银行家、供应商、竞争对手、政府、压力团体,地方和全国社区、专业和监管机构securities, bond, stock, loan, bank overdraft, saving, debenture, treasury, accounts receivable,证券,债券,股票,贷款,银行透支,储蓄、债券、财政部、应收帐款、working capital, shareholders’ fund or equity营运资本,股东的基金或股票input, output, yield, product, production, productivity,输入、输出、产量、产品、生产、生产力、asset, liabilities, owners’ equity, revenue, expense profit资产、负债、所有者权益、收入、费用利润current asset, accounts receivable, inventory流动资产、应收帐款、库存non-current asset, plant and equipment, fixed asset非流动资产,厂房和设备,固定资产volume of investment, risk and return of investment的投资,投资的风险和回报short-term, medium-term, long-term funds, shortfall in fund 短期、中期、长期的基金,基金缺口net present value, book value, market value, added value, nominal value and real value 净现值、账面价值、市场价值,附加价值,名义价值和实际价值benefit, gain, interest, dividend, earnings, retained earnings, profit retention利益,收益,利息、股息、获利、留存收益、利润保留ordinary share, preference share普通股、优先股business risk and financial risk商业风险和金融风险accounting profit and economic profit会计利润和经济利润manipulation of profit操纵利润capitalization资本化ratio, index, indicator, variables比率指标,指标变量bad debt, depreciation坏账、折旧cost of goods sold销货成本provision for depreciation or anticipated losses折旧准备或预期的损失overhead cost, development cost, and various expenses间接成本、开发成本和各种费用administration or selling and distribution expenses【篇二：会计学原理试题及答案(很全)】>一、判断题（对的写t，错的写f。

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