考研百天冲刺：真题文章解析(1)

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考研政治冲刺模拟试题及答案解析(一)

考研政治冲刺模拟试题及答案解析（一）第 1 页：冲刺模拟试题第8 页：答案解析
一、单项选择题：1～16小题，每小题1分，共16分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合试题要求。

请将答案填写在答题纸上。

1.尽管电灯在发明后的一段时间里遇到了前所未有的阻力，大多数人都持观望态度而继续使用油灯。

但是到了19世纪中后期，电灯还是最终战胜了油灯，成为欧美诸国主要的照明工具。

电灯必然取代油灯的哲学依据是( )
A.质量互变规律B.对立统一规律
C.否定之否定规律D.内外因相互作用规律
2.”安而不忘危，存而不忘亡，治而不忘乱”，这句话对我们的哲学启示是( )。

考研英语阅读理解冲刺练习题及答案

考研英语阅读理解冲刺练习题及答案在考研英语的备考中，多做练习还是很有必要的，下面为大家带来了考研英语阅读理解冲刺练习题及答案，欢送大家阅读，希望对大家有所帮助。

Dr. Wise Young has never met the hundreds of thousands of people he has helped in the past 10 years， and most of them have never heard of Wise Young. If they did meet him，however， they'd want to shake his hand——and the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could. All the people Young has helped were victims of spinal injuries， and they owe much of the mobility they have today to his landmark work.Young， 51， head of the W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience at Rutgers University in New Brunswick， N.J.， was born on New Year's Day at the precise midpoint of the 20th century. Back then， the thinking about spinal-cord injury was straightforward：When a cord is damaged， it's damaged. There's nothing that can be done after an injury to restore the function that was so suddenly lost. As a medical student at Stanford University and a neurosurgeon at New York University Medical Center， Young never had much reason to question that received wisdom， but in 1980 he began to have his doubts. Spinal cords， he knew， experience progressive damage after they're injured， including swelling andinflammation， which may worsen the condition of the already damaged tissue. If that secondary insult could be relieved with drugs， might some function be preserved?Young spent a decade looking into the question， and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study showing that when high doses of a steroid known as methylprednisolone are administered within eight hours of an injury， about 20% of function can be saved. Twenty percent is hardly everything， but it can often be the difference between breathing unassisted or relying on a respirator， walking or spending on e's life in a wheelchair. “This discovery led to a revolution in neuroprotective therapy，” Young says.A global revolution， actually. More than 50，000 people around the world suffer spinal injuries each year，and these days， methylprednisolone is the standard treatment in the U.S. and many other countries. But Youngis still not satisfied. The drug is an elixir for people who are newly injured， but the relief it offers is only partial， and many spinal-injury victims were hurt beforeit became available. Young's dream is to help those people too——to restore function already lost——and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones. To ensure that all the neural researchersaround the world pull together， he has created the International Neurotrauma Society， founded the Journal of Neural Trauma and established a website (carecure.rutgers) that receives thousands of hits each day.“The cure for spinal injury is goi ng to be a bination of therapies，” Young says. “It's the most collaborative field I know.” Perhaps. But increasingly it seems that if the collaborators had a field general， his name would be Wise Young.1. By “the remarkable thing about that would be th e simple fact that so many of them could”(Line three，Paragraph 1)， the author means.[A] The remarkable thing is actually the simple fact.[B] Many people could do the remarkable things.[C] When meeting him， many people could do the simple but remarkable thing.[D] The remarkable thing lies in the simple fact that so many people could shake hands with him.2. How did people think of the spinal-cord injury at the middle of 20th century?[A] pessimistic[B] optimistic[C] confused[D] carefree3. By saying “Twenty percent is hardlyeverything”(Line 3， Paragraph 3)， the author is talking about.[A] the drug[B] the function of the injured body[C] the function of the drug[D] the injury4. Why was Young unsatisfied with his achievement?[A] The drug cannot help the people who had spinal injury in the past.[B] His treatment is standard.[C] The drug only offers help to a small number of people.[D] The drug only treats some parts of the injury.5. To which of the following statements is the author likely to agree?[A] Wise Young does not meet many people.[B] When Young was young， he did not have much reason to ask questions.[C] If there needs a head of the spinal-injured field，Young might be the right person.[D] Young‘s dream is only to help the persons who were injured at early times.。

考研英语冲刺模拟试题及答案解析一 .doc

2015年考研英语冲刺模拟试题及答案解析(一)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)As former colonists of Great Britain, the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a “common law”, or law made by courts 1 a monarch or other central governmental 2 like a legislature. The jury, a 3 of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an 4 part of our common-law system.Use of juries to decide cases is a 5 feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States. 6 the centuries, many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result 7 would be obtained using a judge 8 , as many countries do. 9 a jury decides cases after “ 10 ”， or discussions amonga group of people, the jury’s decision is likely to have the11 from many different people from different backgrounds, who must as a group decide what is right.Juries are used in both civil cases, which decide 12 among 13 citizens, and criminal cases, which decide cases brought by the government 14 that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and 15 . Jurors, consisting of 16 numbers, are called for each case requiring a jury.The judge 17 to the case 18 the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states, 19 jurors are questioned by the judge; in others, they are questioned by the lawyers representing the 20 under rules dictated by state law.1.[A]other than [B]rather than [C]more than [D]or rather2.[A]agency [B]organization [C]institution [D]authority3.[A]panel [B]crew [C]band [D]flock4.[A]innate [B]intact [C]integral [D]integrated5.[A]discriminating [B]distinguishing [C]determining[D]diminishing6.[A]In [B]By [C]After [D]Over7.[A]that [B]which [C]than [D]as8.[A]alike [B]alone [C]altogether [D]apart9.[A]Although [B]Because [C]If [D]While10.[A]deliberations [B]meditations [C]reflections[D]speculations11.[A]outline [B]outcome [C]input [D]intake12.[A]arguments [B]controversies [C]disputes[D]hostilities13.[A]fellow [B]individual [C]personal [D]private14.[A]asserting [B]alleging [C]maintaining [D]testifying15.[A]summoned [B]evoked [C]rallied [D]assembled16.[A]set [B]exact [C]given [D]placed17.[A]allocated [B]allotted [C]appointed [D]assigned18.[A]administers [B]manages [C]oversees [D]presides19.[A]inspective [B]irrespective [C]perspective[D]prospective20.[A]bodies [B]parties [C]sides [D]unitsSectionⅡ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts .Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text OneIt’s plain common sense—the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It’s plain common sense, but it’s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won’t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling—happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who’s happy, who isn’t and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.21. According to the text, it is true that[A] unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.[B] happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.[C] unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.[D] happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.22. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by[A] maintaining it at an average level.[B] escaping miserable occurrences in life.[C] pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort.[D] realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.23. The phrase “To date” (Para. 4) can be best replaced by[A] As a result.[B] In addition.[C] At present.[D] Until now.24. What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?[A] One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.[B] They are independent but existing concurrently[C] One feels happy by participating in more activities.[D] They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.25. The sentence “That’s that” (Para. 5) probably means: Some people are born to be sad[A] and the situation cannot be altered.[B] and happiness remains inaccessible.[C] but they don’t think much about it.[D] but they remain unconscious of it.Text TwoWhat are the characteristics of a mediator? Foremost, the mediator needs to be seen as a respected neutral, objective third party who is capable of weighing out fairness in theresolution of a conflict. The mediator must be trusted by both parties to come up with a solution that will protect them from shame. While the central issue is justice, the outcome needs to be win-win, no losers. The abilities to listen impartially, suspend judgment, and accurately gather and assess information are other important characteristics. Finally, to function effectively the mediator must have power (financial, status, position), so that both parties will take seriously and abide by the mediator’s judgment. If one party refused to cooperate, he or she should fear the possibility of being shamed and losing face before the mediator and the whole community. If that real possibility does not enter the minds of both parties, the mediator will be ineffective.In several countries mediators are still used to find a bride for a man. Usually this is a job for the parents, and they in turn employ the services of a mediator. Because this event takes much planning, the parents will try to identify the mediator well in advance. Since these services sometimes require reward, money must be saved. Or in some cases parents try to do a number of favors for the mediator so that he or she will feel indebtedness and perform the service as a kind of repayment.The parents will try to get the most influential mediator possible, to boost their chances of being approved by the potential bride’s parents. The young woman’s parents will not want to risk shame by turning down a request from such an important person—so the reasoning goes. Of course, the higher-ranked the mediator, the higher the cost of the services.Complicating the process is the fact that turning down the mediator is also a slight of the potential groom and his parents, which will likely generate conflict between the families. If the parties are not careful, the entire community can take sides. One way to alleviate this eventuality is for the young woman’s family to identify a flaw that would make her a less desirable prospect. They might say, “She is sickly.” or “She may notbe able to bear children.” Although none of these statements may be true, and probably everyone knows they aren’t, they do provide a way for the young man’s parents to withdraw their request for a perfectly legitimate reason. Everyone saves face, at least at the surface, and peace is preserved.26. The characteristics of a mediator include all of the following except[A] unbiased judgment of arguments.[B] hard prudence in decision-making.[C] impartial treatment to a conflict.[D] remarkable insight into controversies.27. The author deems it important for a mediator[A] to be quite wealthy and considerate.[B] to be powerful to shame either party.[C] to justify the solution of a conflict.[D] to have high status to fear arguers.28. In some courtiers, young people’ s marriage[A] is independent of their parents’ will.[B] needs careful valuation in advance.[C] costs a small fortune of their family.[D] is usually facilitated by a mediator.29. The request of the groom’s parents may be turned down unless[A] they manage to hire a qualified mediator.[B] they make their best choice at all risks.[C] the young woman’s parents want to lose face.D] the bride’ s parents dare to offend the mediator.30. It may be the best way to resolve a conflict for[A] the entire community to offer support.[B] a mediator to be identified by both sides.[C] the outcome of mediation to be acceptable.[D] a valid excuse to spare both sides’ blushes.Text ThreeThe Internet, like its network predecessors, has turned out to be far more social than television, and in this respect, the impact of the Internet may be more like that of the telephone than of TV. Our research has shown that interpersonal communication is the dominant use of the Internet at home. That people use the Internet mainly for interpersonal communication, however, does not imply that their social interactions and relationships on the Internet are the same as their traditional social interactions and relationships, or that their social uses of the Internet will have effects comparable to traditional social activity.Whether social uses of the Internet have positive or negative effects may depend on how the Internet shapes the balance of strong and weak network ties that people maintain. Strong ties are relationships associated with frequent contact, deepfeelings of affection and obligation, whereas weak ties are relationships with superficial and easily broken bonds, infrequent contact, and narrow focus. Strong and weak ties alike provide people with social support. Weak ties including weak online ties, are especially useful for linking people to information and social resources unavailable in people’s closest, local groups. Nonetheless, strong social ties are the relationships that generally buffer people from life’s stresses and that lead to better social and psychological outcomes. People receive most of their social support from people with whom they are in most frequent contact, and bigger favors come from those with stronger ties.Generally, strong personal ties are supported by physical proximity. The Internet potentially reduces the importance of physical proximity in creating and maintaining networks of strong social ties. Unlike face-to-face interaction or even the telephone, the Internet offers opportunities for social interactions that do not depend on the distance between parties. People often use the Internet to keep up with those with whom they have preexisting relationships. But they also develop new relationships on-line. Most of these new relationships are weak. MUDs, newsgroups, and chat rooms put people in contact with a pool of new groups, but these on-line “mixers” are typically organized around specific topics, or activities, and rarely revolve around local community and close family and friends.Whether a typical relationship developed on-line becomes as strong as a typical traditional relationship and whether having on-line relationships changes the number or quality of a person’s total social involvements are open questions. Empirical evidence about the impact of the Internet on relationships and social involvement is sparse. Many authors have debated whether the Internet will promote community or undercut it. Much of this discussion has been speculative and anecdotal, or is based on cross-sectional data with small samples.31. The text is mainly about[A] the dominance of interpersonal communication.[B] strong and weak personal ties over the Internet.[C] the difference between old and modern relationships.[D] an empirical research on the Internet and its impact.32. It is implied in the text that[A] the Internet interactions can rival traditional ones.[B] television is inferior to telephone in social effect.[C] strong links are far more valid than weak ones.[D] the Internet features every home and community.33. The word “buffer” (Para. 2) can probably be replaced by[A] deviate. [B] alleviate. [C] shield. [D] distract.34. According to the author, the Internet can[A] eliminate the hindrance of the distance.[B] weaken the intimate feelings among people.[C] provide people with close physical contacts.[D] enhance our ability to remove social stresses.35. From the text we can infer that[A] the evidence for the effect of the Internet seems abundant.[B] the social impact of the Internet has been barely studied enough.[C] some discussions are conclusive about the function of the Internet.[D] random samples have witnessed the positive influence of the Internet.Text FourLeadership is hardly a new area of research, of course. For years, academics have debated whether leaders are born or made, whether a person who lacks charisma (capacity to inspire devotion and enthusiasm) can become a leader, and what makes leaders fail. Warren G. Bennis, possibly the possibly the world’s foremost expert on leading, has, together with his co-author, written two best-sellers on the topic. Generally, researchers have found that you can’t explain leadership by way of intelligence, birth order, family wealth or stability, level of education, race, or sex. From one leader to the next, there’s enormous variance in every one of those factors.The authors’ research led to a new and telling discovery: that every leader, regardless of age, had undergone at least one intense, transformational experience—what the authors call a “crucible” (severe test). These events can either make you or break you. For emerging leaders, they do more making than breaking, providing key lessons to help a person move ahead confidently.If a crucible helps a person to become leader, there are four essential qualities that allow someone to remain one, according to the authors. They are: an “adaptive capacity” that lets people not only survive inevitable setbacks, heartbreaks, anddifficulties but also learn from them; an ability to engage others through shared meaning or a common vision; a distinctive and compelling voice that communicates one’s conviction and desire to do the right thing; and a sense of integrity that allows a leader to distinguish between good and evil.That sounds obvious enough to be commonplace, until you look at some recent failures that show how valid these dictums (formal statements of opinion) are. The authors believe that former Coca-Cola Co. Chairman M. Douglas Ivester lasted just 28 months because “his grasp of context was sorrowful.” Among other things, Ivester degraded Coke’s highest-ranking African-American even as the company was losing a $ 200 million class action brought by black employees. Procter & Gamble Co. ex-CEO Durk Jager lost his job because he failed to communicate the urgent need for the sweeping changes he was making.It’s striking, too, that the authors found their geezers (whose formative period, as the authors define them,was 1945 to 1954, and who were shaped by World War II) sharing what they believed to be a critical trait—the sense of possibility and wonder more often associated with childhood. “Unlike those defeated by time and age, our geezers have remained much like our geeks (who came of age between 1991 and 2000, and grew up “virtual, visual, and digital”)— open, willing to take risks, hungry for knowledge and experience, courageous, and eager to see what the new day brings”, the authors write.36. The text indicates that leadership research[A] has been a controversial study for years.[B] predicts how a leader comes to be.[C] defines the likelihood to be a leader.[D] probes the mysteries of leadership.37. According to Bennis, the trait shared by leaders consists of[A] top levels of intelligence and education and devotion.[B] remarkable ability to encourage people with loyalty and hope.[C] striking qualities of going through serious trials and sufferings.[D] strong personalities that arouse admiration and confidence.38. The favorable effect of a crucible depends on whether a leader[A] proves himself/herself to be a newly emergent one.[B] accepts it as a useful experience for progress.[C] shrinks back from tiring and trying experiences.[D] draws important lessons for his/her followers.39. A leader can hardly maintain his/her position unless he/she[A] fulfils all necessary quality requirements.[B] helps people to prevent defeats and sorrows.[C] fails to attract people with common concerns.[D] lacks appealing and strength of character.40. The authors’ dictums can be justified by the fact that[A] Douglas Ivester defeated a highest-ranking black employee in a suit.[B] Durk Jager was dismissed owing to his poor communicating ability.[C] Geezers couldn’t erase the brands stamped in childhood.[D] Geeks are sensible enough to meet dangers and challenges. Part BDirections: You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)[A] Physical Changes[B] Low Self-Esteem[C] Emerging Independence and Search for Identity[D] Emotional Turbulence[E] Interest in the Opposite Sex[F] Peer Pressure and ConformityThe transition to adulthood is difficult. Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence—typically between the ages of 9 and 13—and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them. Fears and anxieties can be put to rest bysimply keeping an open line of communication and preparing for change before it occurs. The main issues that arise during adolescence are:(41) __________A child’s self worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them, that they’re not as good as other people, that they are failures, losers, ugly or unintelligent.(42) __________Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is common among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great, it may cause them to become shy or very easily embarrassed. In other cases, teens may act the opposite—loud and angry—in an effort to compensate for feelings of self-consciousness and inferiority. As alarming as these bodily changes can be, adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their peers. Late maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwardness.(43) __________Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence. Fears become more frightening, pleasures become more exciting, irritations become more distressing and frustrations become more intolerable. Every experience appears king-sized during adolescence. Youngsters having a difficult adolescence may become seriously depressed and/or engage in self-destructive behavior. Often, the first clue that a teenager needs professional help is a deep-rooted shift in attitude and behavior. Parents should be alert to the warning signs of personality change indicating that a teenager needs help. They include repeated school absences, slumping grades, use of alcohol or illegal substances, hostile or dangerous behavior and extreme withdrawal and reclusiveness.(44) __________There is tremendous pressure on adolescents to conform to the standards of their peers. This pressure toward conformity can be dangerous in that it applies not only to clothing and hairstyles; it may lead them to do things that they know are wrong.(45) __________Adolescence marks a period of increasing independence that often leads to conflict between teenagers and parents. This tension is a normal part of growing up—and for parents, a normal part of the letting-go process. Another normal part of adolescence is confusion over values and beliefs. This time of questioning is important as young people examine the values they have been taught and begin to embrace their own beliefs. Though they may adopt the same beliefs as their parents, discovering them on their own enables the young person to develop a sense of integrity.Although adolescence will present challenges for young people and their parents, awareness and communication can help pave the way for a smooth transition into this exciting phase of life.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. 46) These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. 47) All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. 48) No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props (支柱) have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.” 49) When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes trip home to bring one back to reality.Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries. Those who have seen people go through a serious case of culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern steps in the process. During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated bythe new. They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak their language and are polite and gracious to foreigners. This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months depending on circumstances. 50) If one is a very important person he or she will be taken to the show places, will be pampered and petted, and in a press interview will speak glowingly about progress, goodwill, and international friendship. If he returns home may well write a book about his pleasant if superficial experience abroad.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Your classmate, Bob, suffered a lot from the traffic accident one month ago. Besides, he lost his left leg and felt very sad. Write a letter to1) send out your grief and sympathy,2) offer your assistance, and3) show your best wishes.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay to1) describe the drawing,2) deduce the purpose of the painter of the drawing, and3) suggest counter-measures.You should write about 160—200 words neatly ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)答案详解：Section I答案及解析答案详解1.【解析】[B]逻辑衔接题。

考研英语历真题大小作文原题范文及解析(1)

考研英语历真题大小作文原题范文及解析(1)考研英语历真题大小作文原题范文及解析在备考考研英语的过程中，作文是需要重点关注的一部分，尤其是大小作文的写作。

下面将对历年真题中的大小作文进行梳理，并提供范文及解析，供考生参考。

一、小作文小作文的题目分为两大类，一种是对比类的问题，另外一种是图表类的问题。

其中对比类的题目比较容易理解和答题，但图表类的题目比较有技巧，需要考生有较高的数据分析能力。

1. 对比类小作文历年真题中对比类小作文题目如下：2007年：Directions: the following chart shows the average monthly incomes of five kinds of professionals in a country. Write a short essay to compare the incomes of these people.2008年：Directions: the bar chart below shows the percentage of students in Shanghai receiving different levels of allowances from their parents. Write a short essay about the chart.2009年：Directions: the graph below shows the sales of the popular science books for four months in 2009 in a bookstore.Write a short essay to compare the sales of these books and say something about the changing trend.对比类小作文的写作思路：(1) 看清图表：在开始写作前，首先需要认真看清并理解图表内容，明确图表中所涉及的数据。

考研英语考前必做题（一）上下参考答案及解析（4）

为了使履带装置向前移动，Saga将磁场沿着履带装置向后移动。

在履带装置的“主”容器内，磁⼒液体涌向磁场，致使容器向外突出，并且使其前后部分抬起。

当磁场移动到下⼀个容器时，第⼀个容器摆脱束缚，向前弹出，同时下⼀个容器隆起。

这样，当履带装置向前爬动时，它可以达到每秒4厘⽶的速度。

更快地移动磁场会使它在所有的容器都弹回原位之前经过整个履带装置。

所有的容器⼏乎在同时弹回。

Saga打算通过在聚合管的内部在相等的间隔放置电磁铁使履带装置的运动⾃动化。

通过调整送到电磁铁的电流，他可以通过遥控器来⽆线控制它。

他还需要找到⼀种新型的⽤于磁⼒容器的橡胶，因为他现在所⽤的橡胶在⽤过⼀段时间之后会渗漏。

不过加州⼤学伯克利分校的Robert Full认为爬⾏并不是机器⼈最有效的移动⽅式。

他是动物⾏动专家，但偶尔也为机器⼈设计者提供建议。

“如果你将爬⾏的能量消耗与步⾏、游泳或者飞⾏相⽐较，爬⾏的能耗量很⾼。

”他说。

⾛路时，每当你换步时，能量就存储在脚部，然后释放来帮助脚弹起。

Saga承认爬⾏的能耗量⾼，不过他指出他的履带装置远⽐⾏⾛、车轮滑动或飞⾏的装置稳定得多。

两⾜的机器⼈和带轮的机器⼈需要平滑的表⾯，⽽且体积难以变⼩，⽽飞⾏机器⼈的移动部件太多。

他说：“我的蠕动爬⾏机器⼈很简单——⽽且很有效。

” Text 4 36.「答案」C 「解析」这⼀选项能概括说明⽂章的中⼼。

⽽选项A“接种：福⾳或诅咒”，漏掉了关于接种疫苗的过程，是对中⼼的部分概括。

选项B“接种所⽤的原理”，这是第⼆⾃然段的话题。

选项D“⼀个受到攻击的奇迹的治疗⽅法”只涉及到最后⼀个⾃然段。

37.「答案」A 「解析」此题可定位于第三⾃然段，且第三、四⾃然段的主题就是使⽤疫苗可能会带来负⾯效果，因此选项A“使⽤疫苗可能会带来负⾯结果”为正确选项。

⽽选项B“疫苗的实际使⽤以控制传染病”，选项C“疫苗在于消除某些疾病的有效性”和选项D“疫苗对付疾病所使⽤的⽅法”都不是这个举证所谈论的观点。

真题文章解析

考研百天冲刺：真题文章解析（1）（2002年Text 3）油价上涨对全球经济的影响①Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? ②[1]Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. ③This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979 —1980, when they also almost tripled. ④Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. ⑤So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?①The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. ②Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.①[5]Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. ②[2]In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. ③In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.①Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. ②Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. ③Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. ④For each dollar of GDP （in constant prices）rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. ⑤[3]The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $ 22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25 — 0.5% of GDP. ⑥That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. ⑦On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.①[5]One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and globalexcess demand. ②A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline.③The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. ④In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. [438 words]1. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ______.[A] global inflation [B] reduction in supply[C] fast growth in economy [D] Iraq's suspension of exports2. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ______.[A] price of crude rises [B] commodity prices rise[C] consumption rises [D] oil taxes rise3. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries ______.[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed[D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP4. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ______.[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry5. From the text we can see that the writer seems ______.[A] optimistic [B] sensitive [C] gloomy [D] scared一、核心词汇注释call sb / sth up1．打电话给（某人）*2．使回忆起，使想起例：The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood. 大海的气息勾起了她对童年的回忆。

可锐考研英语阅读真题解析

2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题解析（一）一、从鸡蛋中培养流感疫菌Modern technology has put men on the moon and deciphered the human genome. But when it comes to brewing up flu to make vaccines, science still turns to the incredible edible egg. Ever since the 1940s, vaccine makers have grown large batches of virus inside chicken eggs. But given that some 36,000 Americans die of flu each year, it’s remarkable that our first line of defense is still what Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson calls “the cumbersome and archaic egg-based production.”New cell-based technologies are in the pipeline, however, and may finally get the support they need now that the United States is faced with a critical shortage of flu vaccine. Although experts disagree on whether new ways of producing vaccine could have prevented a shortage like the one happening today, there is no doubt that the existing system has serious flaws.Each year, vaccine manufacturers place advance orders for millions of specially grown chicken eggs. Meanwhile, public-health officials monitor circulating strains of flu, and each March they recommend three strains—two influenza A strains and one B strain—for manufacturers to include in vaccines. In the late spring and summer, automated machines inject virus into eggs and later suck out the influenza-rich goop. Virus from the eggs’innards gets killed and processed to remove egg proteins and other contaminants before being packaged into vials for fall shipment.Why has this egg method persisted for six decades? The main reason is that it’s reliable. But even though the eggs are reliable, they have serious drawbacks. One is the long lead time needed to order the eggs. That means it’s hard to make more vaccine in a hurry, in case of a shortage or unexpected outbreak. And eggs may simply be too cumbersome to keep up with the hundreds of millions of doses required to handle the demand for flu vaccine.What’s more, some flu strains don’t grow well in eggs. Last year, scientists were unable to include the Fujian strain in the vaccine formulation. It was a relatively new strain, and manufacturers simply couldn’t find a quick way to adapt it so that it grew well in eggs. “We knew the strain was out there,”recalls Theodore Eickhoff of the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, “but public-health officials were left without a vaccine—and, consequently, a more severe flu season.”Worse, the viruses that pose the greatest threat might be hardest to grow in eggs. That’s because global pandemics like the one that killed over 50 million people between 1918 and 1920 are thought to occur when a bird influenza changes in a way that lets it cross the species barrier and infect humans. Since humans haven’t encountered the new virus before, they have little protective immunity. The deadly bird flu circulating in Asia in 1997 and 1998, for example,worried public-health officials because it spread to some people who handled birds and killed them—although the bug never circulated among humans. But when scientists tried to make vaccine the old-fashioned way, the bird flu quickly killed the eggs.1.The moon-landing is mentioned in the first paragraph to illustrate_____.[A] technology cannot solve all of our human problems[B] progress in vaccine research for influenza has lagged behind[C] great achievements have been made by men in exploring the unknown[D] the development of vaccine production methods can not be stopped2.What step is essential to the traditional production of flu vaccine?[A] Manufacturers implant the vaccine into ordered chicken eggs.[B] Scientists identify the exact strain soon after a flu pandemic starts.[C] Public health measures are taken as an important pandemic-fighting tool.[D] Viruses are deadened and made clean before being put into vaccine use.3.The foremost reason why the egg-based method is defective lies in_____.[A] the complex process of vaccine production [B] its potential threat to human being[C] the low survival rate for new flu vaccines [D] its contribution to the flu vaccine shortage4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?[A] Flu vaccines now mainly use egg-based technology.[B] A bird influenza has once circulated among humans.[C] Safety can be greatly improved with cell-culture vaccines.[D] Modern vaccine production methods are to replace egg-based methods.5.In the author’s view, the new vaccine production method seems to be_____.[A] remarkable [B] criticized [C] efficient [D] accepted答案：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D核心词汇与超纲词汇decipher破译，辨认genome基因组，染色体组brew酿制，沏，煮;~ up酝酿;即将来临cumbersome大而笨重的;繁琐的，复杂的archaic过时的，陈旧的;古代的，早期的in the pipeline在准备中; 在完成中; 在进行中; 运输中; 即将送递circulate循环;传播，流传;传递，传阅strain系，品系，品种innards内脏，内部结构pandemic广泛流传的，普遍的，流行的;传染病的;全国[全世界]性的流行病lead time 前置时间，指完成一个程序或作业所需要的一段时间。

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3．to use sth that is stored or kept available调用储存，调出备用例：She called up her last reserves of strength. 她使尽了最后一点力气。

conservation [′kɔnsə（:）′vei∫ən]n. 保护，保存；节约（自然资源）例：Conservation of water is of great importance in desertareas. 沙漠地区实行控制用水非常重要。

conserve v. 保存，保藏crude [kru:d]a. 1．offensive or rude; vulgar粗鲁的，粗野的；粗俗的（尤指牵涉到性）例：He made some crude jokes. 他说了一些粗俗的笑话。

2．粗制的，粗陋的例：a crude sketch粗略的草图*3．in the natural state; unrefined天然的，未提炼的例：crude rubber天然橡胶energy intensivea. 能源密集型的；类似的词还有labor-intensive劳动密集型的，intellect-intensive 智力密集型的；intensive a. 加强的，密集的，精深的，透彻的gloom [glu:m]n. *1．[U]忧郁，愁闷，无望例：The gloom deepened as the election results came in.选举结果陆续传来，失败的情绪越来越重。

2．[U]幽暗，黑暗，昏暗例：come back in the gathering gloom在朦胧暮色中回来；gloomy a. 阴暗的，令人沮丧的，阴郁的hemisphere [′hemisfiə]n. [C]*1．地球的半球（尤指赤道以北或以南的北半球或南半球）2．半球，半球体；sphere n. 球，球体；hemi-前缀，意为half “半，一半”，如：hemicycle n. 半圆（形）muted [′mju:tid]a. 1．（声音）弱化的，微弱不清的；（颜色）不耀眼的，柔和的例：They spoke in muted voices. 他们轻声说话。