如何做高中英语阅读理解中的词义猜测题_教案
高考英语阅读理解解题策略之猜测词义学案
高考英语阅读理解解题策略之---猜测词义（questions of guessing words）学案Lead-in2012高考英语大纲中关于阅读理解的要求要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。
考生应能：１、理解主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息；３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；４、作出简单判断和理解；５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图和态度。
高考中词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.(2012福建)68.The underlined word“triggered”in the third paragraph probably means means“生词”2. .(2012泉州质检）“comb” means “_熟词新义.”3. (2010泉州质检) This was one of those”don’t want to be bothered”times_句义猜测_.4. （2012福建卷）72.The underlined word“they”in the second paragraph refers to “对代词的考查.”1.green hand On the way to the factory, Jack sang a pop song happily, because it is the first day for him to work. When he was working, he talked with his comrade. Suddenly, the machine broke down because of his carelessness. Jack was afraid of the blame of his boss. His comrade told him, ”take it easy, you are a green hand.”dy bird Do you like a lady bird? It is not a kind of bird. It is a insect(昆虫).It can fly. Its wings are red. It is very small.Guessing skillsStrategy I-1. Red had the longest wavelength that is, the distance between each wave is longest in red light than in any other color. “wavelength” means _____2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year. “herdsman”means ___Strategy II-1.Mark Twain was not the author’s real name; it was a pseudonym.“ pseudonym” means _____2.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.3. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.Strategy III1.The main point of the plan is clear to me;but the details are still hazy.2.Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. Strategy IV1.Mary didn’t notice me when I came into the classroom, because she was completely engrossed in his reading.2.The river is so turbid t hat it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow..Strategy V1.Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.The phrase “mopping up” in the paragraph means____A cleaning upB taking inC wiping outD giving out2. Then look at the labels that are inside the new clothes. They tell you how to take care of the clothes. The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. What does the underlined word “ label” mean?A 品牌B 标签C 价格D 尺寸Strategy VII2).Howling，interestingly，is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl，very likely others will follow.This is often seen to occur in the morning，as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” where wolves all howl together to report their presence.58.“Howling...is a contagious behaviour” (in the last paragraph) means .A. howling is a signal for huntingB. howling is a way of communicationC. howling often occurs in the morningD. howling spreads from one to another。
高三英语阅读理解专题指导与训练——词义猜测技巧教案
高三英语阅读理解专题指导与训练——词义猜测技巧教案符兰英（February 25, 2016）一．英语高考全国统一大纲解读---阅读理解要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：(1) 理解主旨要义；(2) 理解文中具体信息；(3) 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；(4 做出判断和推理；(5) 理解文章的基本结构；(6) 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
二．阅读理解词语猜测方法与技巧：1.根据上下文的说明，2. 根据上下文提供的情景3. 根据释义4. 根据从句判断5. 根据文中的列举6. 运用同义词关系7. 运用反义和对比关系8. 根据构词法知识9. 根据因果关系10. 根据生活常识11. 根据音译法三．课堂演练Passage 1The plants in our gardens look so familiar that often we do not realize that many of them actually come from countries far away. Collecting “exotic” plants, as they are called, dates back to the earliest times. Many ancient civilizations saw the value of bringing back plants from distant lands. The first plant collecting expedition recorded in history was around 1500 BC when the Queen of Egypt sent ships away to gather plants, animals and other goods.（选修9，Unit 4-1）1. The underlined word “exotic” means “__________”.A 远古的B 外来的C 早期的D 本地的Passage 2The CRF’s produce is "green", made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series - with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆),cheese and other flavors - also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.2. The words "chocolate snobs" in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people whoA. are particular about chocolateB. know little about cocoa beansC. look down upon othersD. like to try new flavorsPassage 3I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. （爱疯英语P11-7）3. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “ relish”the word “relish”in Paragraph 2?A. chooseB. enjoyC. prepare for D carry on四．高考题之初体验：阅读理解One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked, “May I get you something ?”“A coffee would be nice. ”Then I bought him a cup of coffee, We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee. Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked, “How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?”“Who?”“The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs. ”I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men!My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity. (2010重庆)1. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?A. unfriendly.B. untidy.C. gentle.D. kind.2. The author bought coffee for the old man becauseA. he thought the old man was poorB. he wanted to start a conversationC. he intended to show his politenessD. he would like to thank the old man3. How did the author probably feel after he talked with his friend?A. Proud.B. Pitiful.C. Surprised.D. Regretful4. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?A. We should learn to be generous.B. It is honorable to help those in need.C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.五．Homework （爱疯英语P10-1，2，P11-4，5，6，7）。
高中英语阅读教学中如何教学生猜测词义
在高中英语教材中每个单元围绕一个主要话题开展听、说、读、写活动，阅读理解是很重要的一个环节，无论是热身、口语、语言学习，还是综合技能，都与本单元的精读课文有一定的联系。每单元还有两篇泛读文章，所以阅读理解占很重的分量。在高考英语试题中，阅读理解题占40分，经常含有判断生词或关键词义题。在阅读理解中，学生常会碰到生词，而理解词义是阅读的基础。当然查字典是解决问题的一种方法，但频繁地查字典既影响阅读速度,又容易破坏学生的阅读思路和兴趣。因此,学生应利用构词法知识或通过联系上下文 ,体会具体的语境,猜出它们相应的词性和词义。如何猜测词义是有一定技巧的。掌握了这种技巧，学生在阅读过程中能很快通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点推断出词义来，有助于提高阅读速度和阅读理解能力。下面笔者就平常在阅读课教学中积累的一些经验谈谈。
一般从如下两方面猜测词义： 一是通过上下文猜测词义，另外是根据生词本身的特点推测词义。通过上下文猜测词义指根据一个词所处的具体的语言环境，运用有关线索，如同义词、反义词、举例、重述或定义等推测词义，也可以运用逻辑推理和其他的知识，如生活经验、普通常识等推断词义。根据生词本身的特点猜测词义指根据生词的构成特点推测词义。
此句中e-commerce 是生词，但信息词or后面给出了e-commerce的近义词business done on the Internet。学生据此可以猜出它的意思是“电子商业”。
like(像……一样), as...as(如同……一样),the same as (与……相同)等也可作为识别生词的信号词,以这些词为线索,有时也可猜出生词的词义来。
此句中, supersede可能是生词,但or引出了该词的同义词replace,此词是一比较常用的词,学生可根据replace的词义能很容易地推断出“supersede”的大概意思来,即“取代,接替”。
高三英语阅读理解技巧之词义猜测题教学设计
高三英语阅读理解技巧之词义猜测题教学设计高三4班蔡惠玲Knowledge goals:1．Get students to know and use the reading skills and reading strategies correctly, such as word-guessing.2．Help students classify different reading questions in diverse passages and acquire the methodsAbility goals:1．Drill students` reading abilities, word-guessing abilities and comprehending abilities through some exercises and examples 2．Improve student’s ability of studying: self-discovering and communicating and cooperatingMoral goal:Stimulate students` interest in reading English passagesKey pointHelp students acquire reading skills and strategiesDifficult pointThe usages of different reading skills of word guessing. Teaching methodsPresentation, illustrationTask-based , discussionTeaching proceduresStep 1 lead-inShow different questions about word-guessing.Step2 reading skills (Word-guessing)1. Synonym; antonym2. Cause and effect3. Prefix; suffix4. Definition5. Examples6. contextStep3 ExercisesStep4. Summary1.通过对比和比较找出反义词，近义词来猜测词义（synonym，antonym）2.根据因果关系猜测词义（cause and effect）3.根据定义来猜测词义（definition）4.根据构词法：前缀、后缀来猜测词义5.根据列举的事例来猜测词义（example）6.通过上下文语境来猜测词义（context）Step5: Have a tryDo more exercises about word-guessing, then ask students to give the answers and analyze the questions.HomeworkDo some reading exercises.。
高考英语阅读理解——词意猜测题解题技巧攻略学习课件
What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean? C
A. Tested B. Separated C. Forced out D. Tracked down
12
eg4…all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. (2018▪全国卷Ⅰ▪C)
●指代派：The word “...” refers to ...
7
2. 解题步骤
定位线索 推测词义 选择
8
3. 词义类解题方法
1. 上下文
指代关系、定义或释义、同位关系、逻辑关系、上下文 信息、同义或反义关系 、举例
2. 构词法（转化；合成；派生）
9
高考真题赏析
eg1. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues
make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
高三专题高考英语阅读理解猜词题解答技巧
教案【答案与解析】1.C under-estimate是一个派生词，根据构词法知识，under-estimate是在动词estimate前加上前缀under-(在……以下，低于……)，因而under-estimate应该表示“低估”。
2.B workout是一个复合名词，它是由短语动词work out转换来的名词，短语动词work out用作及物动词性质，含有“解决, 设计出,计算出”，用作不及物性质，表示“锻炼，消耗完”，而名词workout也应该具有这些含义，根据单词所在句意分析可知这里表示“锻炼”，类似构成形式还有如break through→breakthrough(突破),break out→breakout(爆发),take off→takeoff(起飞), come in→income(收入),put out→output(输出，产出),stand out→outstanding(出类拔萃的，杰出的)等。
3.A vertebrates的含义，就可以根据后面which means these animals have a bony skeleton to surpport their bodies句子来分析理解其含义为“脊椎动物”因此答案选A项。
4.D spontaneous的含义可以根据该单词后面rather than planned in advance分析spontaneous与planned in advance相反，表示“没被计划过的，没有预先计划安排的” 因此答案选D项。
5.C pseudonym的含义可以通常对美国作家O. Henry所了解的文学常识来猜测，我们知道O Henry 是William Sydney Porter发表作品时所用的笔名，因此这里的生词pseudonym应该表示“笔名”。
6.A netgain 含义可以通过上下文内容中所提供的线索和暗示来判断，前面提到的lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs以及the state had a net gain of two million jobs句意分析可知其含义为“净增加”。
(完整)高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧(教师版)
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
这类试题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、以及对it/they/them等代词的确指对象的判断等。
这类试题的设问方式主要有：(1)What does the underlined word “them/it”refer to?(2)In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).(3)according to the passage,... probably means(4)The author uses the word... to mean.(5)The underlined phrase “punch line”most probably means______.(6)The underlined word “one”could best be replaced by ______.(7)What does “garden”in the last two paragraphs stand for?（8）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”?做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。
因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。
如何做高中英语阅读理解中的词义猜测题教案.doc
Reading Comprehension一how to do word-guessingBy Lin QianchaiShangde Middle School Nov25,2014 Teaching aim:To improve the students, ability of word-guessingTeaching difficult point:How to improve the students9 ability of doing task-based readingTeaching aid:MultimediaTeaching procedures:Step One: Lead-inHave a free talk with students and find out the requirements that they need in doing reading comprehension.1.What conditions do we need to improve the reading ability?2.How many kinds of reading materials?3.What is demanded in the Exam •1、理解语篇主旨要义:2、理解文中具体信息；3、根据上下文推断生词的词义；4、作出简单判断和理解；5、理解文章的基本结构；6、理解作者的意图和态度；3.How many question types are there in this exam item?Specific Information=details: Reference ； Main idea ； author^ opinion and purpose; Paraphrase; Logical inference; Word・guessingStep Two: Finding out waysGive students a sample and then help them get the relative ways to solve each question type. Then let them do some practice.l）.How to get specific information.[Sample]LGeneral Electric introduces the iron of tomorrow with a push of a magic blue button. Q:What is advertised in this sentence?A.buttonB. ironC. General ElectricD. push2. Mr. H also has these features （特点）•weighs only 500 grams includes long-lasting batteries•conies with a 5-year guarantee •remembers simple instructionsOriginally (最初)sold for $499 NOW ONLY $299Q: You can get your Mr. H for _______ ・A・ $ 499 B. $ 299 C・ $ 199 D・ $ 99【解题技巧】运用skimming+scanning的阅读方法，着重关注who, what, when, where及数字等具体事实。
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Reading Comprehension—how to do word-guessingBy Lin QianchaiShangde Middle School Nov25,2014 Teaching aim:To i mprove the students’ ability of word-guessingTeaching difficult point:How to improv e the students’ ability of doing task-based readingTeaching aid:MultimediaTeaching procedures:Step One: Lead-inHave a free talk with students and find out the requirements that they need in doing reading comprehension.1.What conditions do we need to improve the reading ability?2. How many kinds of reading materials?3. What is demanded in the Exam .１、理解语篇主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息；３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；４、作出简单判断和理解；５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图和态度;3．How many question types are there in this exam item?Specific Information=details；Reference；Main idea；author’s opinion and purpose; Paraphrase;Logical inference;Word-guessingStep Two: Finding out waysGive students a sample and then help them get the relative ways to solve each question type. Then let them do some practice.1).How to get specific information.【Sample】1.General Electric introduces the iron of tomorrow with a push of a magic blue button. Q:What is advertised in this sentence?A.buttonB. ironC. General ElectricD. push2.Mr. H also has these features (特点)·weighs only 500 grams ·includes long-lasting batteries·comes with a 5-year guarantee ·remembers simple instructionsOriginally (最初) sold for $499 NOW ONLY $299Q: You can get your Mr. H for .A. ＄499 B. ＄299 C. ＄199 D. ＄99 【解题技巧】运用skimming+scanning的阅读方法, 着重关注who, what, when, where及数字等具体事实。
2).How to get the Reference【Sample】1.We do know that job satisfaction is falling in Britain and in most advanced nations. The actual reasons for this are the subject of very heated discussion.Q:The underlined word this refers to _____. A. Britain B. satisfaction C.nations D.job 2.However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with DisneyQ:The underlined word they refers to ____.A.Such wonderful things.B. Other well-loved characters.C. Old fables.D. Cartoon movies.【解题技巧】1.找出上下文中可能被替代的名词或代词2.注意这些词的单复数3.根据上下文的逻辑关系3).How to get the main idea【Sample】Tell a story and tell it well, and you may open wide the eyes of a child, open up lines of communication in a business, or even open people’s mind to another culture or race…Q:What is the main idea of the text?A. Storytelling is vital to the growth of businessesB. Storytelling is the best way to educate children in school.C. Storytelling helps people understand themselves and others.D. Storytelling may open people’s mind to another culture or race【解题技巧】1.通过理解、分析全文，区分主要信息和次要信息，进而总结归纳文章或段落的大意。
2.注意选项信息可能出现“以偏概全”“张冠李戴”。
4).How to get the author’s opinion and purpose【Sample】1.In Western Europe homeless has quickly been climbing to levels not seen since the end of World War II.Q: How does the author feel about the situation?A.interestedB. cheerfulC. worriedD.neutral2.Many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training,especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words would seem unlikely to helphim in reading a continuous text.Q: What is the tune of the author?A.SupportiveB. neutralC. criticalD.optimistic【解题技巧】1．根据题干，缩小并锁定相关句段。
2．挖掘选项异同点寻找提示。
3．利用各类词义理解技巧逐一突破关键词。
4．抓住表示因果、转折、递进、并列等关系的连词，准确把握句内各分句以及该句所在段落各句间的逻辑关系。
5).How to paraphrase sentences【Sample】She works with prisoners, helping them know who they are by telling stories that her listeners can write, direct, and act in their own lives. If they don’t like the story they are living, they can rewrite the story.Q:The underlined sentence suggests that prisoners can ____A.start a new lifeB. direct a filmC. act in the filmD. write a story【解题技巧】理解句子在文章的作用,注意句子的引申义与比喻义。
6).How to get logical inference1.“Come on. Alexis! You are not alone here. There are people who care about you, who want to help you out and see you recover. We are going to do this together. Are you ready?” Slowly Alexis nodded and took a deep breath.Q: It can be inferred that _____A.Alexis was successful. B Alexis finally gave up climbing.C. Alexis was weak in health.D. Alexis felt lonely2.Like other experts of the situation, Mr. Baker has also sensibly (敏感地)and wisely forecast a rise inun-employment among the young.Q: It can be inferred that _____A.Only one person has made predictionB. The author agrees to Baker’s ideaC. Mr. Baker holds a wrong ideaD.Mr. Baker is sensible and wise【解题技巧】通过文章的措辞，上下文关系和整体结构，理解作者的态度观点，揣摩作者思路，特别注意文章描写环境和流露作者情感态度的语句。