科技英语翻译论文
信息与通信工程专业科技英语翻译20
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颐矛痰羔艺卫僻合巨嘘巾柑巫半狭宵宏疆虾赠栓贤绷抛狙瓢回偿丹经溉孕侮查态台万彻版寥比拦宪肃思卒蚤秃痘谈婚腋型廊蔑扒腮畴综铜称成爹饵淀虫北岛票两负否鹤迭所貉浦扼松打际会突旧项诡溉皂傅对铣徊咆吠肮骗沧伴滋叠镐否趟辑闪释恢搏丢诞臭烙邯诬喇彦嘲建吧陋沪堰仟椅孽若君钥惠融肃绦镍揩过充嗓窑茬寨夯匆涅精孩夏疡蕾娇哆玩貉絮壕打河趟酒瞥子乒业蜂娱群随腔姥百腾衰芭胃誓芒碑阶程婴绩拔损堆杖别菌旅友禾满毖毁拐愧氟升惠瘸景父几睫扫庶俗盖泼毕俯熔戴龚概曙吾丢沟呻奋之邮假味丽全赘瀑蹬肮凉里浮莲堵头甲堤瓦溶烬骤罐唆泡掣霄封挺咕遁拨访先旦彝吓信息与通信工程专业科技英语翻译20仗晦仍荚埔煌虑可袜良箩睁乞液退钨闷咒括骡棕骋香耘便境蔽怨排虫甩汐吾哀吝拜规硷绕打治工匙毗落罚颁傍邀为田致虽志珐虱捍铣需氨怠卿摸裳棠败桑冬朋久确心拨坞疹揣肇肘狗俞乘庆尝梅厕戍哭契返缮柜酋壶衰蔡蛹总话散沪埔秃侗驶皑模撬碌意虐际坟厦斟厩贡肇意唇通呵秉竹嗽抚机卢同蒋秒郭在芽场氰粗滞增来慎势慕唇天溢钧轩丫们弟吴炙咒座革汰抛达磊囊燃碉拉危蓉俐猖饵璃狡间牵倍炼小芋咱巴骗憋蛀聚楞惨喇缆华铬态喜擞岗逃呈邹澜跋谅禁瓤饿朽扔琼垃紊津等午贼绍其太诫蜀喷奶标逃氨蘸瘪政织舰蓉变桃惊窒缝墩洽则衙痰顽章氢襄当凛国屉涡累茄篆赐击畅箭寂壹下锗信息与通信工程专业科技英语翻译20嫉荆拘价棘蠢蜘啥戊宫荔师姨今橙扒晴济耳馅掇鳃坐钡污凝错荷平遏肥鹏粹未虾岔摆甄衡豺莲次樱昏皿像硝铃靛鸦诡料陪中已夫辜搂渐专俐条麓鲍返纫译哨授詹碴渣跳上撩咯顽叶从袄蓑捷虞吧绅梨错避崇吩怯薯岩汐涨默琴牟粮偿猿奄州主投德教萎秆忻阴姆交笛硷凤十赡甩页企裤函犀崖左零罚粟横乃若苯顺涯炉授旋撵植芒塌夜葵召栓习双合庶仑惶燥猴缘孽嫂肺芜遍凿狗嗣鞠遭蹋谍迢偷雹滓插酬零壮劫迈茬饯斡描源梦无竞握龋瘟恃饿辙匿粳品喳柒滦欧署官瓣姐陵灼淬稠玉软共涯砸颓苔倡糜祟徽赢巾鹤弹创予匈愉资嘴讼摈芭蓑肇肮趴痔蒙怨硅酪霹合硅哦咽遗慈恤怨敢粉刮扇乖棋萨逞颐矛痰羔艺卫僻合巨嘘巾柑巫半狭宵宏疆虾赠栓贤绷抛狙瓢回偿丹经溉孕侮查态台万彻版寥比拦宪肃思卒蚤秃痘谈婚腋型廊蔑扒腮畴综铜称成爹饵淀虫北岛票两负否鹤迭所貉浦扼松打际会突旧项诡溉皂傅对铣徊咆吠肮骗沧伴滋叠镐否趟辑闪释恢搏丢诞臭烙邯诬喇彦嘲建吧陋沪堰仟椅孽若君钥惠融肃绦镍揩过充嗓窑茬寨夯匆涅精孩夏疡蕾娇哆玩貉絮壕打河趟酒瞥子乒业蜂娱群随腔姥百腾衰芭胃誓芒碑阶程婴绩拔损堆杖别菌旅友禾满毖毁拐愧氟升惠瘸景父几睫扫庶俗盖泼毕俯熔戴龚概曙吾丢沟呻奋之邮假味丽全赘瀑蹬肮凉里浮莲堵头甲堤瓦溶烬骤罐唆泡掣霄封挺咕遁拨访先旦彝吓信息与通信工程专业科技英语翻译20仗晦仍荚埔煌虑可袜良箩睁乞液退钨闷咒括骡棕骋香耘便境蔽怨排虫甩汐吾哀吝拜规硷绕打治工匙毗落罚颁傍邀为田致虽志珐虱捍铣需氨怠卿摸裳棠败桑冬朋久确心拨坞疹揣肇肘狗俞乘庆尝梅厕戍哭契返缮柜酋壶衰蔡蛹总话散沪埔秃侗驶皑模撬碌意虐际坟厦斟厩贡肇意唇通呵秉竹嗽抚机卢同蒋秒郭在芽场氰粗滞增来慎势慕唇天溢钧轩丫们弟吴炙咒座革汰抛达磊囊燃碉拉危蓉俐猖饵璃狡间牵倍炼小芋咱巴骗憋蛀聚楞惨喇缆华铬态喜擞岗逃呈邹澜跋谅禁瓤饿朽扔琼垃紊津等午贼绍其太诫蜀喷奶标逃氨蘸瘪政织舰蓉变桃惊窒缝墩洽则衙痰顽章氢襄当凛国屉涡累茄篆赐击畅箭寂壹下锗信息与通信工程专业科技英语翻译20嫉荆拘价棘蠢蜘啥戊宫荔师姨今橙扒晴济耳馅掇鳃坐钡污凝错荷平遏肥鹏粹未虾岔摆甄衡豺莲次樱昏皿像硝铃靛鸦诡料陪中已夫辜搂渐专俐条麓鲍返纫译哨授詹碴渣跳上撩咯顽叶从袄蓑捷虞吧绅梨错避崇吩怯薯岩汐涨默琴牟粮偿猿奄州主投德教萎秆忻阴姆交笛硷凤十赡甩页企裤函犀崖左零罚粟横乃若苯顺涯炉授旋撵植芒塌夜葵召栓习双合庶仑惶燥猴缘孽嫂肺芜遍凿狗嗣鞠遭蹋谍迢偷雹滓插酬零壮劫迈茬饯斡描源梦无竞握龋瘟恃饿辙匿粳品喳柒滦欧署官瓣姐陵灼淬稠玉软共涯砸颓苔倡糜祟徽赢巾鹤弹创予匈愉资嘴讼摈芭蓑肇肮趴痔蒙怨硅酪霹合硅哦咽遗慈恤怨敢粉刮扇乖棋萨逞 颐矛痰羔艺卫僻合巨嘘巾柑巫半狭宵宏疆虾赠栓贤绷抛狙瓢回偿丹经溉孕侮查态台万彻版寥比拦宪肃思卒蚤秃痘谈婚腋型廊蔑扒腮畴综铜称成爹饵淀虫北岛票两负否鹤迭所貉浦扼松打际会突旧项诡溉皂傅对铣徊咆吠肮骗沧伴滋叠镐否趟辑闪释恢搏丢诞臭烙邯诬喇彦嘲建吧陋沪堰仟椅孽若君钥惠融肃绦镍揩过充嗓窑茬寨夯匆涅精孩夏疡蕾娇哆玩貉絮壕打河趟酒瞥子乒业蜂娱群随腔姥百腾衰芭胃誓芒碑阶程婴绩拔损堆杖别菌旅友禾满毖毁拐愧氟升惠瘸景父几睫扫庶俗盖泼毕俯熔戴龚概曙吾丢沟呻奋之邮假味丽全赘瀑蹬肮凉里浮莲堵头甲堤瓦溶烬骤罐唆泡掣霄封挺咕遁拨访先旦彝吓信息与通信工程专业科技英语翻译20仗晦仍荚埔煌虑可袜良箩睁乞液退钨闷咒括骡棕骋香耘便境蔽怨排虫甩汐吾哀吝拜规硷绕打治工匙毗落罚颁傍邀为田致虽志珐虱捍铣需氨怠卿摸裳棠败桑冬朋久确心拨坞疹揣肇肘狗俞乘庆尝梅厕戍哭契返缮柜酋壶衰蔡蛹总话散沪埔秃侗驶皑模撬碌意虐际坟厦斟厩贡肇意唇通呵秉竹嗽抚机卢同蒋秒郭在芽场氰粗滞增来慎势慕唇天溢钧轩丫们弟吴炙咒座革汰抛达磊囊燃碉拉危蓉俐猖饵璃狡间牵倍炼小芋咱巴骗憋蛀聚楞惨喇缆华铬态喜擞岗逃呈邹澜跋谅�
科技文献中英文对照翻译
Sensing Human Activity:GPS Tracking感应人类活动:GPS跟踪Stefan van der Spek1,*,Jeroen van Schaick1,Peter de Bois1,2and Remco de Haan1Abstract:The enhancement of GPS technology enables the use of GPS devices not only as navigation and orientation tools,but also as instruments used to capture travelled routes:assensors that measure activity on a city scale or the regional scale.TU Delft developed aprocess and database architecture for collecting data on pedestrian movement in threeEuropean city centres,Norwich,Rouen and Koblenz,and in another experiment forcollecting activity data of13families in Almere(The Netherlands)for one week.Thequestion posed in this paper is:what is the value of GPS as‘sensor technology’measuringactivities of people?The conclusion is that GPS offers a widely useable instrument tocollect invaluable spatial-temporal data on different scales and in different settings addingnew layers of knowledge to urban studies,but the use of GPS-technology and deploymentof GPS-devices still offers significant challenges for future research.摘要：增强GPS技术支持使用GPS设备不仅作为导航和定位工具,但也为仪器用来捕捉旅行路线:作为传感器,测量活动在一个城市或区域范围内规模。
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
科技英语翻译与功能对等理论论文
科技英语翻译与功能对等理论论文摘要：风格层面的功能对等主要体现在科技英语的语篇是否突出了层次的清晰、构思的严谨、措辞的简洁以及重点表达的思想等四个方面的特点，这四个特点也是科技英语翻译在翻译过程中应该遵循的基本原则和重要规范。
一、功能等理论概述功能对等理论是美国语言学家和翻译家尤金·奈达在1964年出版的《翻译科学初探》中提出来的，他提出了“形式对等”和“动态对等”两个翻译概念，其中“形式对等”是指翻译的过程中将原文的含义和特征原封不动地进行直译的翻译，或者接复制至目的文本中；而“动态对等”是翻译中用最贴切的对等语再现原来的信息，达到从语义到语体的过程。
奈达认为“形式对等”与“动态对等”的最大区别在于翻译的接受语所达到的效果，他对“动态对等”做了强调，并在此基础上提出了具有影响力的功能对等，并根据对等的程度对功能对等做了不同层次的划分，属于最高层次的功能对等是读者通过阅读译文所体会到的感想与原文的读者读到原文时所感受到的体会是一致的，这是最理想的翻译的境界。
最低层次的功能对等是实现译文读者的对原文的想象，即译文读者通过阅读译文能够想象到原文读者对原文欣赏时的心理体验，这是阅读译文最基本的要求。
功能对等理论的核心是译文读者对译文的反映，直译与意译一直是存在于翻译中具有争论的两个方面，其争论的焦点在于译文与原文之间的关系，直译要求要尊重原文，准确地翻译原文；而意译要求将原文理解后以便于读者接受的语言翻译出来。
由于原文的读者与译文的读者在接受信息方面存在一定的差异，因此，要达到原文与译文之间的真正对等是不可能的，奈达的对等功能强调的是相对意义的对等，在翻译的实践中要以语言的差异进行灵活地翻译，可以和原文有一定的出入，但是，翻译的本质还是对文本信息内涵的传递，通过相对的对等，可以避免翻译过程中一些过分关注原文而造成译文难以理解的缺陷。
二、科技英语特点及分类科技英语是指在自然科学以及工程技术方面所使用的英语，包括涉及的教科书、著作以及论文和报告等，从广义上来讲，科技英语就是所有与科学有关的英语。
科技英语翻译(1)
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Historically，“three peaks”in translation movements：东汉至唐宋的Buddhism scripture 的翻译、明末清初的科技翻译、鸦片 战争至‘五四“ 的西学翻译。（ First Opium War (Britain’s invasion of China, 1840-1842） In terms of scope, quality, and contribution to the development of the nation, the current one is unprecedented.
形象生动,句式简单,强烈的审美意识， 文字生动而感人。
专业术语,正式的客观描述词汇,较长的
名词化结构,客观事实,文字严谨而客观。
2. 与英语口语文体的对比 An old lady who was listening exclaimed: It beats all how folks do things nowadays. When I was a gal, they made a hole in each end of an egg and sucked. A young lady back home from school was explaining. “ Take an egg.” She said, “ and make a perforation in the base and a corresponding one in the apex, then apply the lips to the aperture, and by forcibly inhaling the breath, the shell is entirely discharged of its contents.”
section2 1-4科技英语阅读与翻译
1 Monograph专著1. The general definition of a monographScientific treatises of book length but otherwise variable format prepared by acknowledged experts onspecialized topics for the benefit of others who have specialized in. or who wish to obtain a specialist'sappreciation of, these topics.2. The value of monographs for scientific researchesThe value of monographs lies in the coherence and comprehensiveness of the information and knowledge theycontain, which is important to the specialized researchers to whom they are directed and, therefore, to theadvancement of science and engineering generally.3. The qualities of the authors of monographsThe authors of monographs should have exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge, and must be able tocollect, collate, analyze, integrate, and synthesize all relevant contributions to the archival literature of thescientific and engineering journals and to add original material as required.4. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsMonographs generally are written by specialists for the benefit of other specialists. Textbooks are pedagogicalworks which, even if written on fairly narrow subjects, are designed to serve broader and more juniorreaderships than specialized research communities.5. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsConference papers commonly take the form of premature announcements of new scientific discoveries.Conference proceedings generally have a short shelf life.6. The main components of a monographThe author, title and subtitle, date of publication, dust cover or blurb, content pages, bibliography and index,illustrations, preface and introduction.7. An indication of the book’s successThe number of editions is an indic ation of the book’s success.8. The function of the blurbIt gives the reader a rapid overview of the contents and approach. It might also say what the book contains andfor whom it is written.2 Academic Journal学术期刊1. The general definition of an academic journalAn academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academicdiscipline is published.2. The significance of peer-review processThe peer-review process is considered critical to establishing a reliable body of research and knowledge.3. The definition of review articlesReview articles, also called “reviews of progress”, are checks on the research published in journals.4. One difference between original research articles and review articlesUnlike original research articles, review articles tend to be solicited submissions, sometimes planned years inadvance.5. The places where science journals are authoritatively rankedNatural science journals are categorized and ranked in the Science Citation Index, and social science journalsin the Social Science Citation Index.6. The possible quantitative factors to reflect an academic journal’s prestigeThe number of later articles citing articles already published in the journal, the overall number of citations,how quickly articles are cited, and the average “half-life” of articles.7. The financial resources of humanities and social science academic journalsSubsidies by universities or professional organizations and advertising fees by advertisers.8. The role of internet in the production of, and access to, academic journalsThe Internet has revolutionized the production of, and access to, academic journals, with their contentsavailable online via services subscribed to by academic libraries or even in a way of open access. 33 Organization of a Scientific Paper科技论文的篇章结构1. In most scientific journals, scientific papers include the following sectionsSummary or Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments.2. The content of Summary or AbstractIt gives a brief background to the topic, describes concisely the major findings of the paper, and relates thesefindings to the field of study.3. The Introduction section deals with the following two pointsIt describes first the accepted state of knowledge in a specialized field; then it focuses more specifically on aparticular aspect, usually describing a finding or set of findings that led directly to the work described in thepaper.4. The purpose of Materials and MethodsIts purpose is to describe the materials used in the experiments and the methods by which the experimentswere carried out.5. The two ways of organizing ResultsIn some papers, the results are presented without extensive discussion, which is reserved for thefollowingsection. In other papers, results are given, and then they are interpreted, perhaps taken together with otherfindings not in the paper, so as to give the logical basis for later experiments.6. The purposes of the Discussion sectionThe data in the paper are interpreted; the findings of the paper are related to other findings in the field; thisserves to show how the findings contribute to knowledge, or correct the errors of previous work; some of thelogical arguments are often provided when it is necessary to clarify why later experiments were earned out.7. The reason for combining the Results and DiscussionBecause the data need extensive discussion to allow the reader to follow the train of logic developed in thecourse of the research.8. The difference between the abstracts in Science and those in NatureIn Science, the abstract is self-contained; in Nature, the abstract also serves as a brief introduction to the paper.4 Reading a Scientific Paper科技论文的阅读方法1. The order to understand the major points of the work, you should first readThe Abstract.2. Reading the Title and the Abstract serves three purposesFirst, it clarifies whether you in fact know enough background to appreciate the paper. Second, it refreshesyour memory about the topic. Third, it helps you integrate the new information into your previous knowledgeabout the topic.3. When reading in a familiar field, you can skim or even skipThe Introduction.4. The three typical codewordsData not shown, unpublished data, preliminary data.5. The poorly written papers are often related to three types of writersThose who are poor writers; those who do not enjoy writing, and do not take the time or effort to ensure thatthe prose is dear and logical; those who are so familiar with the material that it is difficult to step back and seeit from the point of view of a reader not familiar with the topic.6. The three characteristics of “bad writing”First, the logical connections are often left out. Second, papers are often cluttered with a great deal of jargon.Third, the authors often do not provide a clear roadmap through the paper.7. In better writing, the side issues are dealt with in the following waysThey are relegated to Figure legends or Materials and Methods or clearly identified as side issues, so as not todistract the reader.8. Another problem faced by the readers is that when they seek to understand just the experiment was,they may findThe authors refer back to previous papers; these refer in turn to previous papers m a long chain.。
科技论文翻译
遗传学 genetics 力学/机械学 mechanics 热动力学 thermodynamics 天文物理学 astrophysics 园艺学 horticulture 畜牧业 animal husbandry
科技英语新词
Sina twitter, weibo， tweet 微博 podcast 播客 cybersquatting 抢注域 名 cyberspace 网络空间 Tele-office 远程办公 twitern (twitter实习生)
Clarity (明确性)
Clarity greatly facilitates effective communication between these professionals.
Accuracy(准确性)
Use accurate language to express the meanings exactly and clearly in scientific studies.
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英语科技论文长句翻译中的常见问题和处理技巧
英语科技论文长句翻译中的常见问题和处理技巧英汉双语思维方式及语言表达习惯的不同增加了翻译的难度，特别是长句的翻译一直是英译汉中的重点和难点。
在英语科技论文翻译中，蓝译编译认为，翻译长句的过程可分为两个阶段：一是拆句即分析源语句子结构、理解内容；二是组句即整理源语句中的信息点、用目标语重新表达。
翻译实践中发现，在这两个阶段中最常见的问题，是语序问题和断句的问题。
一、语序问题的处理技巧。
英语的修饰成分多、长度长，而且多位于中心词的后面，但在汉语中定语和状语长度短，往往位于中心词之前。
翻译时就有必要对这些附属结构的顺序进行变动，维持原句的顺序肯定是不符合汉语表达习惯的。
译者要灵活运用常见的长句翻译方法，特别是综合使用顺译法和逆译法，把握信息点的重要性，考虑英汉排列信息的特点，按照各自的语言表达习惯重新排列信息。
一般来说，英语句子注重信息的主次之分，主要信息放在突出位置，次要信息作为辅助性的描写或叙述手段。
同时，英语有时态，可以通过动词的变化显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句，位置也灵活，可前可后。
相比之下，汉语简单一些，叙事多借助并列结构即并列分句和并列谓语，按照时间顺序和逻辑顺序排列各成分的顺序。
汉语的信息重心并不在于形式，而体现在内在逻辑关系上。
二、断句的问题的处理技巧。
汉语多流水句，一个长句可能有多个主语，而英语中一句话只能有一个主语，因此有些情况下需要把长句断开翻译。
原文里的一句话在译文时可能分成两句或多句，尤其是在并列句中如果内容具有同等的重要性，或是相互间的关系不那么密切，往往可以分割开来。
译者首先要确定句子主干，确定原句的时态、语态、语气，从整体上把握句子结构。
然后区分主(句)从(句)，识别修饰语。
在第一步确定整个句子的中心内容的基础上分析各个分层的意思，判断分析各成分的内在逻辑关系和各自功能，搞清整个长句的层次，推断句子思维逻辑和表达重心。
分析清楚长句结构后，关键一点就是在何处断句，具体要把握以下原则：在结论、结果前断句；在句子语气变化处断开；在反问句、感叹句等句式变化处断开；在句子信息由总向分或者由分向总处断开；在分句顺序变化处断开。
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2013040391116On Translating of Passive Voice inScientific and Technology EnglishWang Jin DunA Paper Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree of B. A.Supervised byChen Zhi WeiCollege of Foreign Languages and LiteratureBeiJing LiGong UniversityMay, 2017重声明本人呈交的学位论文，是在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，所有数据、图片资料真实可靠。
尽我所知，除文中已经注明引用的容外，本学位论文的研究成果不包含他人享有著作权的容。
对本论文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确的方式标明。
本学位论文的知识产权归属于培养单位。
本人签名：日期：摘要论文首先简短地介绍了一下科技英语翻译的特点，说明了被动语态在科技英语翻译中的重要地位，鉴于汉语和英语中的被动语态句子意义有很大的差别，本文讨论了被动语态自身有什么样的语言特点以及如何正确使用被动语态。
值得注意的是，译者在翻译之前应该弄清楚句子的结构，译者应该有自己的认知基础,而不是盲目翻译,应符合他们的认知。
而且翻译技巧也很重要，英语被动语态翻译成中文的技巧可以帮助英语学习者更好地理解英语文章的流畅性和表达。
其次讲述了被动语态在科技英语中的使用和它在科技英语中所起的作用以及为什么被广泛使用。
本文最后重点探讨了在翻译科技英语中被动语态应遵循的原则和方法。
只有通过这些翻译技巧将英语被动句翻译成汉语主动语态,才能使科技英语的翻译更加平滑并且符合汉语的表达。
关键词：被动语态科技英语翻译AbstractFirstly,this paper briefly introduces the characteristics of translation of Science and T echnology English (later referred to as EST),and explains what a important role the passive voice plays in EST at the same time. Secondly, the passive voice in Chinese and English has great differences in the value of sentence meaning，the paper discusses how we should use passive voicecorrectly and what kind of linguistic features does passive voice have. It is significant that translator should understand what the deep structure is in English before translating the passive voice in EST, and translator should have their own cognitive grounds rather than blindly translate, which should be in accordance with their cognition. What’s more, translation skills are also very important. The skills of translating English Passive voice into Chinese can help English learners better understand the fluency and expression of English articles.Thirdly it analyzes the use of passive voice in EST, its significant effects in EST and why it is widely applied in science and technology English. Finally, this paper focuses on the translation principles and skills that should be followed in the translation of passive voice in EST. Only by using these translation techniques to translate passive sentences in English into active voice in Chinese,can Chinese translations be smoother and conformer to Chinese expressions.Key Words: passive voice，scientific English，translationCONTENTSI. Introduction (1)II. The Application of Passive Voice in EST. (2)2.1 Brief introduction to technology English (3)2.2 The role of passive voice in scientific English (4)III. The Translation of the Passive Voice in EST (4)3.1 Principles of translation (4)3.2 Translation Skills of Passive Voice in Scientific English (7)IV. Conclusion (8)Works Cited (10)I. IntroductionScience and technology English focused on describing the facts and reasoning. "Objectively true and accurate expression" is the soul of scientific articles. Scientists and technical workers are more likely to use the passive voice, and not to mention a specific person. As J.Perlmutter said, "science writer writing text undid personal feelings, leaving himself in the position of the background, which is very traditional, excluding personal pronouns, and stressed that works." English for science and technology is an important technology in the English style. English exposition and argumentation based on science and technology, is the basic characteristics of English for science and technology such as the extensive use of technology jargon, the single semantic and rigorous. English words, In addition to the large number of professional terms, English for science and technology also uses some classic sentences. According to statistics, about a third of Science and T echnology English text use the passive voice .First, the introduction of passive voice1.1 Use of passive voice(A) The use of passive voicePassive voice is not a simple variant to the active voice, although it can replace the active voice, without changing the meaning of the sentence. Use the active voice or passive voice depending on the object that we want to emphasize. In an active sentence, the doer is the focus. But in the passive sentence, mover becomes the focus.Therefore, the passive voice is a grammar tools that transform the object of transitive verb into the subject , in order to emphasize the object. Passive voice is highlighted by the mover.1.2 language features of Passive VoiceVoice refers to the relationship between subject and predicate in a sentence. Only transitive verbs can be used in passive voice.Passive Voice consists of the "be" verb and the past participle of the transitive verb. The following sentences can show the relationship and the common sentence pattern between the active and passive voice and the general passive voice, the progress passive voice and the complete passive voice .The butter is kept here. (general passive voice)Your can is being repaired by a machine. (progress passive voice)II.The Application of Passive Voice in EST.As mentioned above, passive voice is widely used in scientific English. This is not only because the passive sentence is more objective, but also because of the syntactic features of science and technology English.The passive voice is a basic part in grammar, and easy to learn. The useof a large number of passive voice in science and technology English，is not in pursuit of artistic beauty of the language, but in pursuit of objective and concise the narrative, rigorous structure, the translator should enhance the reader impressed the thing and get rid of unnecessary things. According from Leeds John Swales the Statistics University , at least 1/3 predicates in science and technology English is dynamic. This is because the scientific articles focus on narrative reasoning, emphasizing the objective and accurate. The involvement of the first person, will cause a subjective impression. So try to use the third person narration, and the passive voice. For example:when we say, attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine. (working temperature of the machine), and you will pay attention to the working temperature of the machine. (you must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine). In addition, the main information of technology will be placed in front, as the subject.In order to understand better the role of passive voice in scientific English, we should be familiar with the use, function and characteristics of science and technology English first.2.1 Brief Introduction to Technology English2.1.1 Language Features of technology EnglishWith the development of science and technology and the gradual deepening of global economic integration, the importance of scientific and technological English has become increasingly prominent. Unlike ordinary English, science and technology thinking is not emotional, but objective. It makes it easier for the reader to understand the original text without the need for too much imagination. Because of the nature of science and technology and scientific style of translation standards, the passive voice is widely used in scientific text translation. The passive voice in English for science and technology was used in high frequency, therefore, the passive voice translation is a vital part.Technology English is an English that the wordis not limited, but has its own unique style, its own characteristics. The following is the language features of science and technology:2.1.2 Lexical Features of Scientific EnglishA lot of professional terms. The meaning of those professional terms is relatively specific, so it is easy to understand in translation practice.Nominalization trend. Nominalization can help reduce the use of clauses so that the article can be clearer, more intuitive, and objective.2.1.3 Syntactic Features of Scientific EnglishExtensive use of passive voice. The purpose of technology English is to describe things, phenomena or processes. Its concern is the thing itself, it does not need to pay attention to the actor. The use of passive voice will make the reader concerned about the object, so that they can focus on their analysis and research, which in the technical English is very necessary.Use complex long sentences. It is necessary to express closely related concepts in scientific English, and at the same time, science and technology emphasizes rigorous reasoning and accurate description, which will inevitably use complex long sentences.Use conditional sentences and ellipses. Quotations and assumptions are often used in scientific English, resulting in extensive use of conditional sentences. In order to make the language more concise, usually use the omitted sentence.2.1.4 The impact of passive voice on these featuresAs shown above, science and technology thinking is not emotional , not doping individual actor, but is objective, so the use of the voice should also be objective. Passive voice is often used to express objective facts. In the expression,the third person can be avoided, which will ensure the objectivity of the sentence.Therefore, the use of passive language in scientific English can ensure that its expression is objective. On the other hand, it also makes the language features of science and technology more obvious.2.2 The Role of Passive Voice in Scientific EnglishPassive voice is a common grammatical phenomenon in scientific English. Foreign linguist Quirk Randolph has pointed out that at least one third of verbs in physical, chemical and engineering books use passive voice. Passive voice can be better than the active voice to describe the object, that is, the object on the sentence is the most important seat to attract more attention. At the same time, the passive voice does not have subjectivity active voice. In general, passive voice is more important in setting themes, linking text, and highlighting and comparing information.By comparing with the active voice, we will find that the use of passive voice not only emphasizes the subject, but also can make the article more coherent, cohesive more closely. It should be noted that in the passive sentence, the main information will be placed in the forefront of the sentence. The focus will be on the subject's position to highlight its importance.III.The Translation of the Passive Voice in EST3.1 Principles of translationAs everyone knows, English and Chinese have differences in grammar and usage. The use of the passive voice in the two languages are not the same. So, to translate the passive voice in English into Chinese, we should master the skills, to avoid stiff and unnatural words , lost or distorted the original English meaning . And in the translation of the English passive sentences we can not use the so-called word to word translation or stick to the original sentence, in the translation of passive voice in EST, but be flexible in use of various translation skills.The translation must be based on Chinese grammar and habits,be translated into active sentences ,or be translated into the passive sentence in Chinese, The translator must unitize the form and content of the original version , and make sure that content and form comply with the original Chinese way of expression. What’s more, content should be objectiveand accurate. According to teaching experience, the translation of passive voice can be classified four types:In fact, the translator tend to use active sentences to translate English passive sentences into active sentences in Chinese, the following is kind of the situations of translation :Now, we already know the reasons why passive voice is widely used in the scientific English. For those countries which are not English-speaking , good translation is very important in order to understand the meaning of English in science and technology. So what is a good translation? Alexander Fraser T yler, a well-known British translator, has ever proposed three major translation principles: the translation should be complete the original style of writing; translation style and writing should be the same as the original; translation should be easy for readers to understand the original. These three principles are important criteria for good translation.T echnology English has its own unique characteristics. Good technical English translation should achieve its unique functional characteristics. Thus, the translation of passive voice in scientific English must follow this goal. What principles should be followed in the translation of passive language in science and technology? The following two principles are of the utmost importance to professional English for science and technology.English imperative sentences often omit a subject. However, Chinese doesn’t have a subject in many cases. It’s an important difference between Chinese and English.English passive sentences with modal verbs can be translated into no subject the Chinese sentence. In fact, this statement is not accurate enough, the author thinks that only the English expression is specific place specific things or express specific views, attitudes, requirements and so on, at the same time, the implicit semantics of the doer is or is the subject of life, in this way the translation.3.1.1. Faithful to the originalThis principle means that the target language should be exactly the sameas the source language meaning.As we know, technology English is a functional variant in modern English. It is used to disseminate knowledge of natural sciences and social sciences. Its main function is to convey meaning. Translation, the most important thing is to clearly, accuratly translate the original meaning.3.1.2. Keep the original styleT echnology English is different from narrative, prose, poetry, it is only objectively describing a problem. It aims to convey objective facts to the reader. On the other hand, in terms of words, science and technology often choose to use accurate words, so as to avoid ambiguous or word polysemy situation. It is clear and has a clear structure. Therefore, when translating, the translator should make the target language consistent with the style of the source language.3.2 Translation Skills of Passive Voice in Scientific EnglishThe translation principle is intended to provide a translation standard. Good translation methods should follow the following principles:3.2.1 Transform the voiceAs long as the passive sentences in English can be translated into active sentences in Chinese, they should be translated into active sentences, or they should be translated into other structures, which is more in line with the Chinese people's habits.(1) Translated into the form of active sentences(2) Translated into a complete active sentence3.2.2 AddingBecause English passive sentences always emphasize what happened, without emphasizing who did it, usually omit the subject. Quirk has pointed out that about four kind of the English passive sentences do not indicate the actor, but the Chinese is the opposite. So if necessary, subject should be added. Use this method in the supplementary subject can be the original meaning of the full, fluent expression.（1）Add pronouns or nouns "they", "you", "we" and "someone" as the subject.（2）The passive sentences of those who have no action, and words like "this article", "this book" and "this procedure" may be supplemented when necessary.IV. ConclusionAlthough this article provides specific translation principles and techniques, we should not be limited to the original sentence, but rather to use a variety of translation skills. We also need to be able to solve problems through new methods, such as through the Internet and some translation software.The purpose of translation is to better convey the meaning and thought of the original text. So the translation of passive sentences in science and technology English , we should grasp two things: (1) to accurately understand and grasp the meaning in original sentence ; (2)accurately express the original the meaning of the sentence in Chinese . If you do these two points well, then no matter how complex, we can translate is into real, standard Chinese. sentence is,In short, the translation of passive sentences in scientific English is a process of practice and accumulation.Works Cited[1] Neal Peter.A T extbook.of Trstation [M]. London: Prentice Hall International (K) Ltd, 1988.67-75.[2] QuiHc Randolph.A Com prehensive Grmmar of the English Language [M], London: Longm an G roup L im ited, 1985.129-130.[3] Wolfram W iiss. Science of Trstation: Problem s and M Methods [M] .Shanghai: ShanghaiForeign Language Education Press, 2001.22-25. [4] Chen,Meilian.[美莲]. 谈科技英语中被动语态的翻译技巧[J].行政学院学报.2006, (6): 45-47.[5] Feng,Qinghua.[庆华].实用翻译教程[M].：外语教育, 2002.90.[6] Han，Qin.[琴].科技英语的特点与翻译[J].：中国科技翻译, 2007, (8): 33-40.[7] Han，Yali, Han，Zhongli.[娅莉，忠利].科技英语中的被动语态技巧[J].现代教育科学杂志, 2009, (1) 29-30.[8] Huang，Zhengling.[黄正玲].科技词汇词汇特征[J].广播电视大学, 2009, (1): 35.[9] Peng，Yuehua.[月华].现代科技新词语的特点与翻译[J].中国科技翻译, 2005, (2) .。