国际贸易专业词汇

国际贸易专业英语（商务词汇汇总）目录:一、进出口贸易词汇…………………………………第２页二、贸易价格术语 (5)三、贸易保险、国际组织术语 (8)四、贸易价格术语 (11)五、贸易伙伴术语……………………………………第1４页六、数量条件与外汇术语……………………………第１6页一、进出口贸易词汇1、merｃe ｔhe aｃｔivｉty of ｂｕyinｇａnｄ sellｉnｇ, especiallｙｏｎ a ｌarｇe scａle贸易2、Ｅxport Declaｒａtioｎ A ｆoｒm to be pleted by tｈe exｐorter ortｈeｉr aｕthorｉzed agenｔ aｎｄｆiｌed ｉn triｐliｃate by ａcarriｅr with tｈe United ＳtatｅＣolｌeｃtor ｏf cusｔｏms at ｔｈｅｐoint ｏf ｅxit、出口申报单3、iｍporｔtｏ bring oｒ cａrry in ｆｒom an outsidｅ soｕrce, espeｃiａlly to bｒｉnｇin(goods or materialｓ）from a ｆoreｉgｎ cｏuntｒｙｆor ｔrade ｏr sａle 进口４、iｍport licence A cｅｒtiｆiｃａte, issuｅd bｙｃｏuntrｉｅｓ ex ｅｒｃising import coｎtrｏls， thaｔpermits imｐortatｉon of tｈe articles stａｔed in the lｉｃense、Ｔhｅissuanｃe oｆsｕｃh a ｐermit fｒｅqueｎtｌy is connｅcteｄ witｈ tｈｅｒeleaｓｅoｆ foreign ｅxchａｎｇe neeｄed ｔo ｐay fｏr the shｉpment foｒwｈｉcｈthｅｉmport ｌiceｎsｅ has ｂｅen reｑｕeｓted、进口许口证5、eｘpｏｒｔ licｅnce Ａ documｅnt ｓeｃuｒｅｄ fｒoｍ a gｏvernment, ａｕthoriｚiｎg ａn expoｒteｒ to expｏrt ａsｐｅcifｉｃｑuantｉty ｏf ａ pａrticｕlaｒｍodityto a ceｒｔain couｎtｒy、Ａn expｏrt lｉcense iｓoften required if a gｏｖeｒnment haｓ placｅeｍbargoesor ｏtheｒｒeｓｔrictｉoｎｓ uｐｏn ｅxpoｒtｓ、 SｅeGeｎeraｌ Exｐort Licｅｎse、出口许口证6、inqｕiry an act ｏｆａsking for iｎfｏrmａtiｏｎ询盘7、deliverｙａn itｅm or iｔｅms dｅlivered on a particular ocｃa ｓioｎ、交货8、ｏｒder a thing ｍａde，supｐｌｉed, or ｓerved as a rｅsｕｌtof such a reqｕest订货９、Bｉｌl oｆLａding Ａｄｏｃuｍenｔｔhaｔ estabｌiｓhes the te ｒｍs of a ｃontrａcｔｂetween a ｓhipper and ａ tｒaｎｓporｔａtiｏｎ pａnｙ undeｒ which ｆreight is tｏbe mｏvｅd betweeｎ speｃifiｅd points ｆor a speciｆiedcharｇe、Usualｌy ｐrｅpared by thｅ shipper ｏn forｍsｉsｓued by the ｃarrieｒ，it serves as a dｏcumｅnｔ oftｉｔｌe, cｏnｔｒaｃt of cａrriage, anｄ a rｅceipt fｏr goods、 Alｓｏｓee Aiｒ Wayｂｉｌl aｎd OｃeａｎBiｌl of Ｌａdiｎg、提单10、Ｅndorｓｅmｅnt iｎ Bｌaｎｋｍonｌy usｅd ｏn a bank ｃhecｋ,ａn endorsemｅnt in blaｎｋｉs an endｏrsemｅｎt ｔoｔｈe bearer、 It contains ｏnly thｅ namｅof ｔｈｅｅndｏｒｓer and speciｆiｅs no parｔicuｌar payeｅ、 Alｓｏ, ａ mｏｎｍｅans of endoｒsinｇｂilｌs oｆｌadingdawｎ to the oｒder of thｅ sｈipper、 Tｈe bills aｒeendoｒsed ”Fｏr、、、" （seｅ Bill oｆLading, Ｏｒｄｅr)、空白背书11、endorｓeｄsiｇｎ（ａｃheque or ｂiｌl of ｅxchange) on theback to make it payａbｌe to someoｎe other than ｔｈe ｓｔａteｄ pａyｅe ｏｒｔｏ acｃｅpt resｐｏｎsiｂilitｙ foｒ paying iｔ背书12、cａrｇo reｃeipｔIs ａ receｉｐt of cａｒgo ｆor shiｐmeｎt bya cｏnｓｏlidaｔｏr (uｓｅd in ｏcean frｅight）、承运货物收据1３、ｃatalogue a puｂlication ｃonｔainｉng details aｎd ｏfteｎｐhotograpｈs ｏf items for sale商品目录14、Red Cｌauｓｅ Lｅtｔeｒoｆ Credit A ｌettｅr of crｅdit thaｔallows the exｐortｅr to receive a pｅrceｎtａge ofthe ｆace valｕe of the letter of credit in advaｎcｅofshipment、Ｔhis enablｅｓ the expoｒtｅr ｔｏ pｕrchａsｅinｖｅntoｒy anｄｐａy oｔher coｓts ａｓsｏｃiａtｅd with prｏduｃing anｄｐreｐaｒｉng ｔｈe ｅxｐｏrt ｏrder、红条款信用证1５、exporｔ subsｉdy Aｎ ecｏｎomic bｅｎｅｆiｔｇrantｅd by a ｇｏｖerｎment tｏ produｃeｒs ｏf gooｄs or ｓｅｒvｉｃｅs, oｆｔen tｏ streｎgtheｎ their pｅtitivｅ position、出口津贴16、favorable balａｎce of trade Whｅn ｃｏｕｎtries export ｍorｅthａn ｔhey ｉmpｏｒｔ，ｔｈｅｙ arｅsａiｄ to ｈavｅａfａvｏrabｌe balance of tｒaｄｅ、贸易顺差17、unfavorable balaｎcｅ of tｒａde Wｈen ｔhey imｐorｔmｏrｅthan they ｅxport, an ｕnｆavoraｂle baｌaｎce ｏf tradｅ eｘｉtｓ、贸易逆差1８、freｅ tｒade ｚone A port desigｎａted by tｈｅgｏｖernｍen ｔ of a country for duty—free entry oｆany non-ｐrｏhibiｔed ｇoodｓ、 Mｅrcｈaｎｄisｅ may ｂｅ sｔｏred，displaｙeｄ，ｕsed for manuｆacturiｎｇ，ｗｉthｉn thezonｅanｄ re-exportｅd ｗｉthｏuｔ dｕtｉes beｉｎgpaid、Duｔｉes ａｒe imposed on thｅmerchanｄｉse （orｉtems maｎufaｃｔureｄfrｏm the merchａndise) onlｙwhen the ｇooｄs paｓｓｆｒom thｅ zone intｏan ａrea ｏf the couｎtrｙｓubjeｃt to the Cｕｓtoms Ａutｈｏritｙ、自由贸易区19、ｍｏst－fａｖored naｔion treatmeｎｔ(MＦNT）Ｔhｅ lisｔ oｆ aｃｏuｎtry’ｓ imｐort duｔies is called ａ tarｉff sｃhedule、Ａ siｎgｌe tariｆf schedule applies to aｌl ｇoods, ｎo matter whaｔ tｈeir ｃｏuntｒy of ｏｒｉgiｎ、A doｕｂｌｅｏr multicoluｍn ｓcｈeｄule proviｄes for diｆfｅring rateｓ dependｉng on the coｕｎtrｙｏｆ oｒiｇiｎ、 Most moｄern ｔｒaｄe agｒｅemｅnｔs ａrｅ maｄe on ｔhe bａsis of whａｔｉｓ cａlled mｏsｔ-ｆavoｒeｄ-ｎatiｏｎ tｒeａtｍenｔ、最惠国待遇20、General Ａveraｇe When damage to cargｏ oｎｂoard ａ veｓsel eｘceｅｄs carrｉer's ｉnsuraｎcｅ，carrier wｉlｌ relｅaｓe ｃaｒgo only ｗith aｎ acceptanｃe agreｅmｅｎt toclａim onlｙ a genｅrａl perｃentａgｅ of ａll the dａmage susｔａined、共同海损２1、meｒｃiａl InvｏicｅAn iｔemized lisｔ of goｏds ｓhipｐeｄ, u ｓuaｌly iｎcludeｄ aｍｏｎg an expoｒter'ｓcoｌlectiｏｎ pａpers、商业发票22、Ｏcean biｌls ｏｆｌading A receipt for caｒｇo in ｔransit,ａnｄ a contract ｂetｗeeｎ the ｅxpoｒｔer aｎd an oｃeaｎ carrier for ｔｒansｐortaｔion and dｅｌivｅrｙof gｏodｓtｏａ spｅcified ｐarty aｔ a ｓpecifiｅｄ forｅign dｅｓtinatｉon、Issｕed after the vｅssel haｓ sailed aｎd the cａrgo hａs been ｅnｔｅrｅd in ｔhｅshｉｐ'ｓ maｎiｆest、海运提单23、Ｃuｓｔoms liqｕｉdation Ｔｈe finalizatiｏn oｆ a customｓ eｎt ｒy、清关24、Cuｓtoms Ｂonded Ｗarehouse Ｉs a warehouse ｗｈerｅ iｍｐorteｄgoods ｍaｙｂe ｓtoｒeｄ for a toｔal oｆｔｈree ｙeａrs ｗitｈoｕt ｔhe ｐａyment of duty ｏrtaxes、保税仓库２5、ｄuｍping sｅｎdiｎg (gooｄs uｎsａleablｅ in thｅｈoｍe market） tｏａforeiｇn mａｒket ｆor sale aｔ a ｌｏw pｒice、商品倾销2６、export send (gooｄs or servｉcｅｓ）ｔo anｏtheｒｃoｕnｔry ｆoｒｓaｌｅ出口2７、Correspondenｔ Bank A bank that， in its ｏwn coｕntrｙ， handles ｔhe business oｆ a fｏｒeiｇｎ bank、通知行２8、ｓiｇht drafｔａdrafｔ paｙabｌｅuｐon ｐrｅsentａtion、即期汇票29、tｒansferable L/C ａ letteｒ of crｅdit part of whose vａｌue whenｔhe ａpplicant ｄeｆａulｔs on ａnothｅr agreeｄ methodof payment可转让信用证３０、mark infoｒｍａtｉon pｌaced on outer surface ｏｆshipping ｃontainers ｏr pａckaｇes ｓuch ａs ａddress lａｂelｓ,identifying numberｓ，ｂox ｓｐeｃｉficaｔiｏｎs，cautｉon，or diｒeｃtiｏｎal warｎinｇ、唛头二、贸易价格术语1、FＯＢ（frｅｅ on ｂoard）Sellｅr ｉs responsｉbｌe ｆor inlandfrｅｉｇｈｔａnd alｌotｈer coｓts until thｅｃaｒｇo has ｂeen loadｅd ｏnthevessel/aiｒcraft、Bｕyer is respoｎsible for ocean/aiｒfreｉghｔaｎd ｍarｉｎｅ/ａirinsurancｅ离岸价(船上交货价）２、C&Ｆ（ｃoｓt ａnd freigｈt）Is ａｑｕotｅｄ prｉｃe iｎcｌudesｃost of ｇoｏds aｎｄｆｒeighｔ、成本加运费价（离岸加运费价)3、CＩF （cost，iｎsurancｅａｎｄ freigｈt) Iｓ a ｑuoｔｅd priｃe ｉncｌｕdes cost ofgoods, iｎｓurance anｄｆreight、到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）4、reigｈｔAll merchaｎdisｅ,gｏoｄｓ，producｔs，ｏr ｍodｉtieｓshipｐed bysａiｌ,ａｉr,rｏaｄ，or waｔer oｔhｅr than by bａgｇage，exｐressmａil，ｏr regｕlaｒｍail 、运费5、wｈarｆagｅＡ chａrge asｓessed ｂy a pｉer ｏr dock owｎｅr aｇａinｓt ｔhe cａrｇoor a ｓteamsｈip ｐanｙｆor ｕｓｅ of ｔhe pier ordock、码头费6、tarｉff customs，duty；Ｄutiｅｓｏｒ a duｔｙｉmｐosed by ａgovernmeｎt ｏnＩmported or exportｅd goｏdｓ、关税7、ｍiｓsioｎ The amount paiｄto ａn ａｇent，ｗｈiｃh ｍay be anindiｖiｄuａl，ａ boｒkｅr，or ａ fｉｎａｎcialinstitutｉon for coｎsｕｍmａtｉnｇ a traｎsactｉｏｎinvolviｎg ｓａlｅｏr ｐuｒchasｅｏf asseｔs or seｒviｃeｓ、佣金８、reｔuｒn mｉssｉon A miｓsion whicｈ iｓ paｉd baｃｋ by tｈe aｇeｎｔ if apoliｃy ｉs caｎｃelled befｏre ｉtｓnoｒmal exｐiｒatｉon dａte、回佣，回扣9、ｎｅt price pｒicｅ oｆｐrｏdｕｃｔ（service) which dｏeｓｎot contaｉn Ｖａlue Ａdｅｅd Tax净价1０、ｗholｅsale ｐrｉce Wｈolｅsaling is the sale oｆ gｏodｓ or me ｒchaｎdiｓe to reｔaiｌers， to industｒiaｌ, merｃial，ｉnstｉtutioｎaｌ, or ｏther pｒofessional buｓineｓｓusers批发价11、disｃounｔ / allowancｅ A ｒｅdｕctioｎｆｒom ｔhｅfｕlｌ oｒｓtaｎdard aｍout of ａ piｃe oｒdeｂt折扣12、reｔaｉl pricｅＴhｅ price paｉd ｂｙ a consuｍeｒ to a dｅａler ｏr indivｉdual for a vehicle、The dｅａleｒ oriｎdｉｖidual sets tｈe retail priｃe of a ｕsed ｃａｒby cａlcuｌaｔinｇ the wｈｏｌesaｌｅ pｒice ｐaｉd ｐlｕs ｒeconditｉoniｎg expeｎses and ｏtｈer coｓｔs零售价1３、sｐoｔ pｒice the cｕrrent delｉveｒy price ｏf ａ modｉtｙtraded ｉn the spｏｔｍarket现货价格１4、cｕrｒeｎt prｉce prevａilｉng ｐrｉce，ｔhｅ prices oｆｇood ｓａnd ｓｅrｖｉces in the refeｒｅncｅ period现行价格/时价15、custｏms valuatｉon Establｉｓhmｅｎt， aｃcoｒｄing to ｄefinedcriterｉa， oｆ the vaｌuｅ of ｇｏods for tｈe puｒpoｓe oｆlevyiｎg ａd vａlorｅm cｕstoｍs dｕties oｎｔheir imｐoｒtation海关估价1６、price lｉstｍeanｓtｈe lisｔ of chaｒges for ｔhe Prｏｄuct as fouｎｄoｎ the Ｓiｔe ａnｄ VAＴ at thｅｐｒeｓｃrｉｂed ratｅ aｎd any oｔher ｔａx，ｄuty or ｌeｖy ｉｍposed ｂｙ legｉslatiｏn、价目表17、ｓtamｐ dutyｓtamp ｔａx,ａtax collecｔｅd ｂy reｑuirinｇ astamp ｔo be purcｈaseｄａnｄaｔtａcｈed (ｕsuallｙ oｎ docｕments or pubｌications）、印花税18、ｒevｅｎue the totａｌ ine ａ bｕsｉｎesｓ fiｒm ｏr ｇoｖerｎmｅnt rｅceives from aｌl source税收，收入19、foｒｗａｒｄpricｅ Refeｒs to saｌｅs ｉnto tｈe fｕtｕre of aphysｉcal moｄity ｂy the ｕse oｆ forwａｒd contractingor fuｔｕｒes and optioｎs hedgiｎg、 It ｉs a mａrketｉng tooｌ for grａiｎ bｕyerｓ anｄseｌlｅrs、期货(远期）价格,期货价20、deduction an ａmｏuｎｔ that ｉｓ or ｍａy ｂｅ dｅducted;the aｃt of dｅｄｕｃtｉng;ｓubtractｉon扣除（额）；减除(额) 21、aｖeraｇe cｏst Usuaｌｌy referｓ tｏ aveｒaｇe total cost,ｗhichiｓ the toｔaｌｃoｓt oｆ proｄuction of a ｇood orservice(inclｕding tｈe coｓts ｏf fixed inputs ａｎｄvaｒiable ｉnｐｕtｓ）ｄivided by the qｕａnｔity proｄuced、平均成本22、inteｒest rate Tｈe fee ｃharged ｂy a leｎdeｒto a bｏrrowｅrfor tｈｅ use of bｏｒｒowed money,usuaｌly exｐresｓedas an ａｎnuａl percentagｅ of ｔhｅ priｎcipal;ｔherate iｓ depeｎdｅnt upon the tｉme valｕe of moneｙ,thecredit rｉsk of the ｂprrｏwed anｄｔhe onfｌatｉｏｎratｅ、利率Inｔereｓt ｒates can ｂe calculaｔed ａssiｍｐle,poｕndｅd oｒeｆfective、23、ｉmｐort suｒchａrge A ｔemｐorary tax ｏn iｍpｏrｔs ｏver andabove esｔablisｈed tａrｉffs, usually enacted in times ofｅcｏｎomｉc crisｉｓ进口附加税2４、imｐoｒt lｉcｅnce Aｎiｍpoｒt license ｉｓ a dｏｃumeｎｔｉｓsueｄ by a natiｏnａｌ gｏvernｍent aｕthｏｒiziｎg ｔｈｅｉmpoｒtatｉon of certaｉn ｇｏods ｉntｏ its ｔｅrritory、进口许口证２5、exｐort liｃｅnｃe A ｄoｃuｍent ｓecuｒed fｒoｍ a ｇｏvernmeｎt, authoriziｎg an exporteｒ tｏ exｐｏｒｔ aspecific quantity of a particuｌaｒｍodｉtｙ to a cerｔain ｃountry、An ｅｘｐoｒt licensｅｉs ｏfｔen ｒｅquｉred iｆ a gｏｖｅrnment haｓ pｌaｃｅembarｇoｅs orｏtheｒ rｅｓtｒictｉons upon expｏrts、 See GeneraｌExpoｒt Lｉcｅｎce出口许口证26、tｏtal vａｌuｅｆａｃｅ vａlue ＊pｌaｃe vａlue、总值２７、wｏrld （Inｔeｒnａtional)Maｒkｅt ｐrｉce Worｌd mａrｋeｔprｉces ｏf mｏdiｔies exchａnge国际市场价格28、open ａcｃounｔＣrediｔ extenｄed thａｔｉs not supported bｙ aｎote，mortａge,oｒ oｔｈer formａl ｗritten evideｎceoｆ indｅbｔedneｓs、 Beｃａｕse tｈis ｍethoｄposeｓａn ｏbvｉous riｓｋ to the ｓupｐlieｒ，it ｉｓ essｅｎtiaｌ that the ｂuy'ｓ iｎtｅｇｒｉty by ｕｎquｅstionａｂle、赊账２9、averaｇe price The pｒice ｏf a ｈome ｄeｔｅrmｉneｄ bｙ tot ａlinｇ the saleｓｐrices of all houseｓsoｌｄｉn aｎａrea ａnｄ divｉｄing thaｔ nuｍber by ｔｈｅ numbeｒ oｆｈｏmes、平均价格３0、Porｔｏf Discharge Porｔ wｈeｒe vesｓｅl is off ｌoaｄed a ｎd ｃａｒgo discｈａｒgｅs、卸货港三、贸易保险、国际组织术语1. Insｕrer: insuraｎce ｐany： a ｆiｎａｎciaｌinstitｕtiｏｎｔhat seｌlｓ iｎｓuｒaｎｃe 保险人2. Ｉｎsuｒed： a ｐerson whｏse intｅrｅsts aｒe proｔected ｂyan insurance poｌicy 投保人3. Ｉnsurａnce policy: An Iｎｓurance cｏntｒact deterｍines ｔhe lｅgal frａmework ｕｎder wｈiｃh thｅｆeatures oｆ aninｓuraｎce policｙａrｅ enfｏｒceｄ、保险单4. ｐｒoxiｍａtｅcauｓe：ａn eveｎt sufficｉently relａtｅｄ tｏ a ｌｅgaｌly ｒecoｇniｚable injｕｒy to be hｅldｔhe ｃauｓe ｏｆ tｈａｔｉnjurｙ、近因原则5. Toｔal Loss：Tｏtaled （sｈorｔhanｄｆor totaｌlｏsｓ） is aterm used iｎ thｅｉnsuraｎce induｓtry、 Gｅｎerally，the insｕraｎｃe pｒoｖidｅr wｉll ｏnly pay out thｅ lesｓｅｒ coｓt oｆbuyinｇ a reｐlacemｅnt vehiｃlｅ， inｓtead of ｐaying ｔｏｒepａir ｔhe oｌdone ｔo its ｐrevious state、全部损失/全损6. PＩCC： People’s Inｓuraｎce pａｎy of Chinａ、ａ Chｉｎｅse inｓuraｎce paｎy中国人民保险公司7. I、Ｃ、: Chiｎa Insｕrａｎce Clausｅ中国保险条款8. W/W claｕｓｅ: Warehoｕse to Waｒehouse Ｃlaｕse仓至仓条款9. All Risks :This is an insuｒancｅｔｅrm aｎｄthe “All Risks”insuｒaｎｃｅ will ｎｏｒｍalｌｙcover against alｌrisks ｏf whａｔeveｒｎature ｐｒovｉｄeｄ that thｅyaｒe riskｓａnd ｎot cerｔａiｎｔｉes、一切险10. Ｗ、Ａ、/W、P、A：（With Ａverage ｏr ＷitｈPaｒtｉｃular Ａverａｇe） An insuｒance term ｍeanｉng tｈａt parｔiaｌｌoss ｏr damage ｏf gｏods iｓ inｓｕred、 Geｎeｒaｌlｙ must be cａuseｄ by sea waｔer、Ｍａny havｅ amｉｎimuｍpeｒcenｔage ｏf damａge before paymeｎt、 Maｙbｅｅｘteｎdｅｄｔo cover loｓs by ｔheft,pilｆerage, deｌｉｖerｙ， leａkage，ａnd bｒｅaｋage、水渍险11. F、P、A、: (Frｅe of Paｒtiｃular Ａverａgｅ) Ａ tｅrｍ used iｎ marine iｎsuraｎce policｉｅs to indicatｅ that whiletｈe ｕnｄｅｒwｒiter is unwillｉｎg tｏassume liabｉlity for oｒdinarｙｐartial losｓes due tｏ the peｃｕｌｉar qｕalｉties of tｈｅpartiｃｕlar ａｒｔicle or to its form ｏｆ pacｋage, hｅ is wｉlｌiｎg toｂeaｒ partｉal lｏｓses，ｔhe diｒeｃt rｅsulｔofstrａnｄing，sｉｎkinｇ，burnｉnｇ， cｏlliｓioｎ，ｏr oｔheｒ naｍed peril 平安险12. War Ｒisk:Ｔhｅ possibｌe ａｇgｒｅｓsive actｉｏns agaiｎｓtａship ａｎｄiｔs cargo bｙ a belligerｅntｇovernmenｔ、 Tｈis ｒisk cａn bｅ iｎsured by a ｍaｒine ｐｏlicy with a rｉsｋ clａｕse、战争险13. Sｔrike， riots anｄ civel mｏtion ：（S、R、Ｃ、C、)Aｎ inｓurａｎce clauｓe reｆeｒrｉnｇto loｓs oｒ damaｇe diｒeｃｔｌｙｃauｓeｄ byｓtrikers， locked—out woｒｋｍen, pｅrsｏns partiｃipation in laｂｏr diｓturｂancｅs, and rｉots oｆｖarious kinｄs、 The ordｉnary ｍariｎe iｎsｕranｃｅｐｏlicy doｅs nｏt coveｒ tｈis risk；ｃｏｖerａｇeagaiｎsｔ it ｃaｎ be addeｄｏnｌｙｂｙ endorsement、罢工、暴动、民变险14. Cｌaim ：an assｅrtｉon oｆ a ｒight （aｓ tｏ money orproperｔｙ）索赔15. Ｄｉspuｔｅｓ: dｉsputｅ is a menｃement oｆ a conｆliｃt ｂｅｔwｅen sｔaｔements of acceptｅｄfact aｎd ａｎｅｗor unacceｐted proposaｌthａt ｄisagreeｓwith， argues agａinｓt, or ｄｅbａｔｅs ｔｈe ａccepｔeｄ knowlｅdgｅor oｐinion、争议16. Penalｔy: ｔhe acｔ of puniｓｈｉｎg 罚金条款17. Arbitration： (ｌａw） the ｈeaｒing and detｅｒｍｉｎatｉon of ａdispute by an impａrｔiａｌｒｅferee ａgreed to by ｂoth parties 仲裁18. Foｒｃe Ｍajeurｅ： all ｅｖeｎtｓ whiｃh ａｒe bｅyoｎd tｈe conｔrol oｆｔhe Partieｓ to this Contｒact， aｎd ｗhichare ｕnｆｏrｅseｅn, unavoｉdａbｌｅ or insurmｏｕnｔabｌe， and which arisｅ afteｒthe Effecｔive Date aｎd Ｗhｉch pｒevent total or partiaｌpeｒformaｎcｅ bｙ and Paｒty、不可抗力19. Arｂiｔrａl trｉbｕnal：Aｎ arbitral trｉbunａl （oｒａrbｉtration triｂunａｌ) iｓ a pａnｅl oｆｏｎe or moｒeadjudｉcａtoｒｓwｈiｃh ｉs ｃonｖened anｄ sits toresolｖe a dispｕtｅ bｙwaｙ of arbitration、仲裁庭20. Ａｒbiｔｒａtiｏn Clａuse：Ｉs a ｓtandarｄ clauｓe to bｅｉnclｕｄed in tｈe cｏntraｃtｓｏｆｅxpoｒterｓａnd imｐoｒters, aｓ sugｇｅsted ｂy thｅＡｍeｒicａｎＡrbitratiｏn Associaｔion、Ｉt staｔｅs thａt ａny cｏｎtｒoversy or claim wilｌ be ｓettled ｂｙ aｒbitratｉon in ａccordance witｈthe rｕles oｆ theAmerｉcan Aｒbiｔrａtiｏn Asｓociａtiｏn、仲裁条款21. Ceｒｔificate of ｏrigin: A statｅment signed by the ｅxｐorｔｅr, or his agent， and aｔteｓteｄ to by a local Cｈamberof meｒce， inｄicatinｇtｈat the ｇｏoｄs being shｉｐped, or a ｍaｊoｒ pｅrｃentage of them, oｒiｇiｎated aｎd weｒｅ proｄucｅd in thｅexpoｒteｒ'scountry 产地证明书22. Inspｅctｉｏn certificａte： A dｏｃumenｔ certiｆｙing tｈａｔ mｅrchａndise (ｓｕcｈ as pｅrishable goｏｄｓ) was ｉn gｏods ｃonditｉｏn immｅdｉateｌy ｐriｏr to shipmenｔ、品质检验证书23. WＴO ：(Woｒld Ｔrade Oｒganｉzａtｉｏｎ）ａn intｅrnaｔｉoｎａl organｉzatioｎ deｓigned tｏ superviｓe andlibｅｒalｉzｅｉｎｔernatioｎａl tｒａde、世界贸易组织24. ＩMＦ：（Ｉｎｔeｒｎational MｏneｔarｙＦund）an inｔernatiｏnaｌｏrgaｎizａtｉon that oversees thｅ gｌｏbaｌ finaｎciａl ｓysｔem by following the mａcroeｃoｎomｉｃｐｏlｉcieｓｏf its member cｏｕntries，ｉn paｒｔicular tｈose with aｎ impａｃt on exchａnｇｅ raｔes and the balancｅof ｐayｍents、国际货币基金组织25. EＦTＡ : (Europｅaｎ Free Ｔrade Associａtｉon）a Europeanｔｒａｄe ｂｌoc ｗhｉch ｗａs ｅｓtablisｈed aｓａnaｌｔｅrnatiｖｅ for Euｒｏpeａｎ stａｔes who diｄ nｏt join the then—Euｒoｐｅａn Econoｍiｃ mｕnity、欧洲自由贸易联盟26. AFTＡ： (ＡSEＡN Fｒee Ｔrade Area） a tｒade bｌoc agreemenｔｂy the Assｏｃiａtion of Sｏuｔheast AｓｉanNations suｐporｔing locaｌ maｎufaｃturing iｎ all ＡSEAN cｏｕｎtries、东盟自由贸易区27. JCCT : （China-US Joｉｎt missiｏn ｏn merｃe aｎd Tｒaｄe)中美商贸联委会28. NAFTＡ：（North Amｅricａn FｒeｅTｒade Area) a triｌatｅral ｔrade bloｃｉn Nｏrｔｈ Amerｉｃa cｒeatｅd bythe govｅrnments of tｈe Ｕｎiｔed States， Canada, andMeｘico、北美自由贸易区29. UNCTAD ：（Uniteｄ Nａtｉons Confeｒenｃｅｏn TrａｄｅａndDevelopmｅｎt）It iｓthe prｉncipal organ of the Uｎｉｔed Naｔｉons Geneｒal Asseｍblｙ dｅaling ｗiｔhtrａdｅ， investｍent aｎd develoｐmeｎt isｓues、联合国贸易与发展会议30. GAＴＴ：（Gｅneral Ａgreement ｏn Taｒiffs and Trade）ｔhe ｏｕtｅoｆthe fａilｕｒe of neｇoｔiatinｇｇoverｎｍeｎts tｏcreatｅ tｈｅIntｅｒnatioｎaｌ TradeOrganiｚａｔion (ITO）、关贸总协定四、贸易价格术语1、stocks [mａｓs ｎoun]the ｃaｐital raised by a bｕsinｅｓs orｃoｒpｏrａtion through the iｓsue and ｓubｓcriptiｏn ofｓhａrｅs资本,股本2、cash sａle Ａ legaｌ tｅｒm ｄeｎotiｎg a ｍｅrｃanｔilｅ traｎsacｔｉon in which ｔitle to meｒchandｉse paｓses when theｂuｙｅr pays ｔhe sｅｌlｅr、现货３、ｐurｃｈase tｈｅａcquisition of soｍeｔｈｉng ｆｏr paｙmen ｔ;购买,进货4、ｂulｋ sａle sｏｍeｔｉmes ｃallｅd a bulｋｔｒａｎsfeｒ，ｉsa sale ｏf ｇoods ｂy ａbusiｎeｓs thａt represents allor substantiａlly all of ｉｔs inｖenｔｏry to a sｉnglebuyer unleｓs ｓuch a saｌｅｗｏuld ｂe mon in tｈe oｒdinａrｙ course of itｓｂuｓｉneｓs、整批销售，趸售5、 distribution chanｎels Distributiｏn （or ｐlace）ｉs oｎe of ｔhｅ fｏｕr elementｓ of ｍａrkeｔｉng ｍix、An organiｚation or sｅt of ｏrganizatiｏｎs （go—bｅtｗeｅns）ｉnvoｌｖeｄ in ｔhｅprocess of mａkｉng a ｐrｏｄucｔorservice avaiｌable for ｕse or cｏｎsumptiｏｎ by ａ cｏnsumer ｏr busｉness user、销售渠道6、 wholｅｓaｌｅhｉstoricallｙｃalｌｅd jｏｂｂinｇ, is ｔhe saｌe of goods or mercｈanｄｉse to retailers， tｏ iｎdｕstｒiａl，ｍｅrｃial, ｉnstｉtutiｏnal, or ｏther prｏfeｓｓioｎal busineｓs useｒｓ，ｏｒｔo otｈｅｒ wｈoｌｅsaleｒｓ and relaｔｅd ｓuｂｏrdinａｔed sｅrvices、批发7、 retａil trade Retａilinｇconsists of ｔhｅ sａlｅ of gｏodsｏr ｍｅrｃhaｎｄisｅfｒｏm a fixｅd lｏcatiｏn, such ａｓ a ｄepａrｔment sｔｏre or kｉoｓｋ, or by ｐost, iｎsmalｌ oｒｉnｄividual loｔs ｆor dirｅct consｕｍptiｏn ｂy ｔhe purchaser、零售业８、 hirｅ－ｐurchasｅmetｈod ｏf ｂuying ｓｏmｅｔhiｎg ｂy ｐａyi ｎg oｖeｒａｎ extｅnded periｏd分期付款购买9、 exclusive ｒight In Anｇlo-Ｓａxon lａｗ， an eｘcｌｕsive ｒightｉs a de facto, ｎｏｎ-ｔａｎgible ｐrerｏgａtive eｘiｓｔinｇ in lａw (that ｉs, tｈe poｗeｒ or, ｉn ａｗider sensｅ， right）ｔo peｒforｍan ａctiｏn oｒacquiｒe a ｂenefit and to peｒmｉt or deny otｈers the righttｏperform the ｓaｍe aｃtiｏｎor to acｑｕire ｔhesame ｂeｎefit、独家经营/专营权10、ｕnfａir peｔition ｍercｉaｌ conｄuct thａt tｈe lａw views asｕnjｕst、不合理竞争1１、ｄuｍｐing selｌing goods abｒoad ａt ａ prｉce ｂeloｗ tｈat chａｒｇed in the ｄomestｉｃ marｋet商品倾销12、ａntｉｄumpiｎg the ａct oｆａmanufacｔｕrer ｉn oｎe cｏuntrｙ eｘｐortiｎg a ｐrｏduct to aｎotｈer ｃouｎtｒｙａt ａ pｒｉce wｈich ｉs ｅitｈeｒbeｌｏw the prｉcｅｉt cｈargeｓ in iｔs hoｍe markｅt ｏｒ is below its ｃostsｏf ｐrｏｄuction反倾销13、ｕnｆavorabｌe ｂａlance ｏf trａde Aｎexpressｉｏn denｏtinｇ a ｓｉtuatiｏn wｈeｒe a geogrａphical enｔiｔy （beit a natiｏn,rｅgｉon,stａｔe,or cｉty）ｉmpｏrｔs more ｇoods ａnd seｒviｃes ｔｈan it exporｔs、It is useｄ todescibe the sｉtｕation fｏr bｏｔｈinｄｉvidual goｏdsor sｅrviceｓ anｄｆｏr alｌ gｏｏｄｓ anｄｓerｖicｅｓbined、贸易逆差１4、ｆree trａｄｅFrｅｅtrａｄｅ eｘiｓts ｗheｎ the inernatiｏn ａｌ exchange of ｇooｄs ｉs neiｔheｒｒｅstricteｄ nｏr ｅｎcｏuraｇeｄ bｙｇoｖernment-imｐｏｓｅｄ tradebaｒriers、Sｕbseｑuｅntly,the determinａｔion ｏf thedistribuｔion aｎd level of internationaｌ tｒａｄe iｓlefｔto tｈe operaｔion ｏf market forｃeｓ、自由贸易１5、ｎoｎ-ｔａｒiff barｒｉｅrs Economiｃ， polｉtｉcal, aｄministrａtiｖe ｏｒ lｅgal impedimentｓ to ｔrａde ｏther tｈan dutieｓ, taxeｓ anｄimpoｒt quotas、非关税壁垒１6、ｆａvoraｂｌe balａnｃe of traｄe Ａnｙ excesｓ of credits ov ｅr debｉts at the ｅｎd of a gｉven accｏunting ｐeｒiod、贸易顺差１7、 partial sｈｉpmenｔＡ prｏcess in wｈicｈ a ｓtore ships/pr ｏvｉｄes only some of ｔｈe goodｓ/servｉｃｅs ｉn a ｓinglｅ order、 Therefore, the ＰoｓtAuth aｍoｕnt woulｄ belesｓthaｎthe amouｎt of the apｐrovｅd PｒeAutｈｆor ｔhe ordｅｒ、分批装运１8、rｅsｔrａｉnｔ oｆtrade [mass nｏun]（Ｌaw）actｉoｎthat iｎterferｅs wiｔｈ freｅｐeｔｉtion in a ｍarｋet (律)贸易限制,贸易管制19、 Setｔｌemｅｎt Ａs the saｌes tranｓaction vａluｅｍoves froｍｔhe ｍeｒchant to thｅａcquirinｇｂaｎｋ，ｔo tｈe isｓｕｅr, ｅach pａrty ｂｕys anｄseｌｌs ｔｈe sａlｅs ｔickｅt、Settｌemeｎｔ is whａt ｏｃcurs whｅn tｈe acquｉriｎg bank anｄ tｈｅ issuer exchａnge data ｏr fｕndｓ duｒｉnｇtｒansaｃtions、清算,交割２0、tradｅconsｕｌtatioｎAn act of ｐrocesｓｗｈere adviｃe is ｇiｖen or vｉewｓ are ｅxｃhanged、贸易磋商２1、ｂondｅd ｗarｅhoｕｓe a cｕstoms－cｏntrｏlled waｒehｏuｓe ｆor ｔhe retｅntion of imporｔed gｏoｄs until tｈe ｄutyowed is pａｉd、保税仓库22、 chain deｂts petiｔive pｒoducts oｒkｎock－out prodｕcts；ｂｌockｂusｔer; ｃore producｔ ;Downsizing ｆor efｆicｉencｙ; cuｔ payrolｌ to iｍｐｒｏｖe eｆfiｃiency 三角债、、、２3、ｓaｎctｉon A cｏerciｖe measｕre adｏpted ｕsually by sevｅｒal nationｓ acting tｏgetｈer agａinst ａ natｉon ｖiolatiｎg internatｉonal ｌaw、国际制裁24、 custｏms boｎｄCustoms Bonｄｓ (alｓo knｏwn as Ｓuretｙ Bonｄs）ａre reqｕired bｙ tｈｅＵ、S、Ｃｕstoｍs Sｅrvice（Tiｔle 19 UＳＣ, ｓeｃtioｎ 162３）ａs a mｅａns to eｎsure tｈaｔｉｍpoｒters guarantｅｅ paｙmｅｎｔ in ｔhｅeveｎt ｔhａt liqｕiｄaｔｅd dａmages ａｒe assｅｓｓｅｄａgaｉｎst sｈｉpments impｏrted inｔo the counｔrｙ、海关担保２5、consｉgnmｅnt [maｓs noun]tｈｅ actｉon of conｓigniｎg or del ｉverｉｎｇ soｍethｉnｇ、寄售２６、 tax reｂatｅＡtaｘreｆund or tａx reｂate iｓａrefund on taxeｓwhen thｅ tax ｌiaｂｉｌity is less than ｔhe ｔａxes paiｄ、出口退税27、ｆｒeighｔ forｗａｒdｅｒ A fｒeight fｏrwaｒder （ofｔeｎ juｓt fｏrwardeｒ）is a third pａrtｙlｏgisｔics ｐｒovider、As ａ tｈirｄ parｔy (or non asset based） provｉｄer ａ forwarｄer ｄｉspａtcｈｅs shipments viａ assetｂaｓｅd caｒｒｉｅｒs and boｏks or ｏthｅｒwiｓe ａrranｇes spacｅ for thoｓe shｉpments、货运代理2８、ＲTA （Rｅgｉonal TradｅＡrrａｎgｅｍeｎｔs) Ｒｅsourｃe ｐroｖｉdｅd ｂy WTO ｏｎ reｇionaｌ eｃonomic inｔeｇraｔiｏｎｌike ｃｕｓtoms uｎｉon ａnd free tｒａde area、 Iｎcludeｓ the ｌisｔiｎg of such agrｅementｓ、区域贸易安排29、 INＴ(ａuctｉon） a varieｔy ｏｆｂriｄge in whｉch trｉcks ｍade in excesｓ of the contraｃt are scoｒed towａrd game； nowgeｎｅrally ｓupeｒsedeｄ by cｏｎtrａｃt ｂｒidgｅ、拍卖30、 agenｃy ａｇｒeｅmeｎt In some staｔes， tｈe term dｅscrｉbinga liｓtinｇundeｒ whｉch thｅ bｒｏkerÕｓｍissｉon isproteｃted agaiｎst a sａｌe ｂy otheｒａgｅnts but not bya ｓaｌe by ｔｈｅ princiｐal、 Called ａÒnon－exｃluｓiveÓlisting in ｓome sｔatｅｓ、代理协议五、贸易伙伴术语1、ｍanufaｃｔuｒｅr peoｐle ｗｈo mａｋe or pｒoducｅｓomｅthing by mａchiｎerｙ iｎ a fａctory 制造商2、miｄdｌｅｍa a pｅrson wｈo buｙs gｏods froｍprｏduｃers and sellｓｔhem to retaｉlｅrs or ｃｏnｓumers 中间商，经纪人3、dｅaleｒ a peｒson or businｅss that buys ａnd ｓelｌs ｇoods；a ｐerson who buys and seｌls shaｒes，securiｔies，oｒ other financｉal ａssｅts as a princｉpal(rａｔher tｈan aｓ a ｂｒokｅr or ageｎt）、经销商;交易员，证券商4、wｈｏlｅsaｌer someｏne ｗho buｙs larｇｅ quantｉｔｉes oｆｇooｄs ａnｄ resellｓto merchants rａｔher than ｔｏthe ultimate cｕstomerｓ批发商5、rｅtａｉler a merchaｎｔｗｈo sellｓgｏods ａt rｅtａil 零售商６、mｅrchａｎ a pｅrson or pany ｉｎvolved iｎ wholesａｌe traｄｅ，especiaｌｌy ｏne ｄealiｎg wiｔｈｆoｒeign coｕntｒies ｏｒ supplｙｉng mｅｒｃｈaｎｄise to aparｔｉcular ｔraｄe 商人,批发商，零售商7、conceｓｓioｎａｉre tｈｅ holdeｒ of ａ coｎceｓsiｏn ｏｒ granｔ，esｐeciallｙ foｒ the ｕsｅ oｆ lａnｄｏｒｍerｃｉａｌ premisｅs or for tｒadｉnｇｒiｇhｔs受让人8、consｕｍer thｅpeｒson ｗｈo ｐｕrcｈaｓｅｓ goｏdｓandserｖiｃes for personal ｕsｅ消费者,用户9、client a peｒson oｒ oｒgａnｉzａtion using the serviceｓｏｒa laｗyｅr or othｅｒ pｒｏｆessｉoｎaｌｐeｒsonor paｎy 委托人,顾客，客户1０、buyeｒａ person whｏmakｅｓ a pｕrｃhasｅ买主11、cａrrierａ pｅrson ｏr thing tｈat carｒies ，hoｌｄs ,ｏr conveyssomething 承运人12、coｎsigneeｔhe ｐersｏn ｔo whom mｅrchandise is delivered oｖｅr 收货人13、fｒｅｉｇｈt forwarderｔｈe iｎteｒmediａｒy bｅｔweｅｎｔhｅcaｒrｉer anｄtｈｅshｉpper,ｗho iｓ eｎtrusｔeｄｂy the shippｅｒ,and handｌes loading anｄ unlｏadinｇ and ｏther tｒaｎｓpｏrtatｉoｎ bｕsinessｆｏr tｈe gｏods iｍporｔed/ｅxporｔed in his ｏwn name,ａｎd ｃｈａrge the freiｇhｔ and ｍｉsion 货运代理人14、inｓuraｎce bｒｏｋｅｒｏｎe ｋiｎd of ｉｎsｕrａnce sales ｐerson rｅｐreｓｅnting the ｃustoｍer iｎsｔead ofｔhe iｎsurance pａny 保险经纪人1５、expoｒｔ managemｅnt pany a ｐrivatｅfirm that ｓervｅｓ as tｈｅｅxport ｄepaｒtmeｎｔ for ｓｅｖeraｌ producerｓｏf gｏｏdｓｏr ｓervicｅs，eitｈeｒｂy taking ｔｉtｌe ｏr by ｓoliｃiting ａｎd trａnsacting expｏrt ｂusiness on beｈalf oｆ iｔs clｉents in return for ａ mｉsｓｉon ，sａlａrｙ ,oｒ rｅtainer pluｓｍission 出口经营商16、miｓsiｏｎ houｓeａｎ orｇａｎiｚａtion ｔｈat ｔｒａdes modiｔｉｅs anｄ/or futurｅs and optioｎs contractｓｆor ｃustomer aｃcoｕnｔs in returｎ for a fee 佣金行,委托交易行17、thｅ drａwerｔｈe pｅrｓoｎwhｏwriｔes a cheｃk or dｒaftinstruｃtiｎg the draeww ｔo pay someoｎe else 发票人，出票人，开票人18、the draｗｅe the inｄiｖidｕaｌ or firm oｎ whｏm a dｒaｆt isdrawｎａｎd ｗｈo ｏwes thｅｉｎdicatｅd ａmouｎt 付款人1９、the payee one wｈo reｃeｉves a paｙmｅnt,sucｈ as tｈｒｏuｇh caｓｈ，cｈeｃk ，mｏney ordeｒ，oｒ prｏmissory ｎoｔe 收款人，领款人2０、imｐorｔ meｒｃhａnt a ｆｉrm loｃaｔｅd iｎ tｈe foreign marketｔhat puchａsｅｓｇoods fｒoｍ abrｏad for rｅ－ｓａle ｉｎ his hoｍe mａrket 进口批发商２１、mulｔinatioｎal corpｏraｔｉｏn(MＮC) a mulｔinａtｉonal ｃorpｏratioｎis ａ businｅss entｅrｐriｓe tｈatretains dirｅct ｉnｖｅstmentｓｏvｅｒｓeas ａnd tｈat maiｎｔains vａｌue—adｄes holdings ｉn moreｔhan ｏｎe cｏuntry 跨国公司2２、sｕbsidｉaｒy a subsｉｄiａrｙ is a paｎy wｈich is oｗnｅｄ orconｔｒolled bｙ anｏther firｍ or ｐanｙ子公司２3、joｉｎｔ vｅntuｒe a ｔype oｆ parｔiａl ｓtｒucturａｌ iｎtegｒatioｎiｎwhich onｅor moｒe separａtｅ orgaｎizａtionｓ bime resouｒces ｔo achieve ａstateｄｏbjective 合资企业24、whollｙowned subsidiaｒy a subｓidiaｒy suｂstａｎtｉally aｌl of ｗhｏｓe ｏutstanding ｖotｉng sｅcuｒｉtiesarｅ owｎｅｄ bｙitsｐａrent aｎd/or tｈeparenｔ’ｓ other whoｌｌy ownｅd ｓubｓiｄｉarｉｅｓ全资子公司25、ｍａｊority ownｅd subsidiaryａ subsidｉary mｏre thaｎ50 pｅｒcｅnt oｆ whose outstandiｎg ｖoｔｉng shａresis oｗned bｙｉtｓ paｒent and/or the pａrｅnｔ’sｏtｈer mａjorｉty-oｗｎed sｕｂsidｉａries 控股子公司２6、offer an aｍouｎt oｆ money that ｓｏmｅｏnｅｉs wiｌling tｏｐay ｆor ｓomethiｎｇ出盘，出价2７、coｕnｔer ｏｆfｅr oｆfer ａnd aｃcepｔancｅanalysis is a tｒadｉｔionａl aｐproach ｉn contｒaｃｔ law usｅd ｔo determine whｅther an agｒeement exiｓtｓbetween ｔwo parｔieｓ还盘，还价２8、ｉndent makｅａｒequisition or ｗriｔｔｅn orｄｅr fｏr someｔhiｎg 订单２９、ｂｉｄ ofｆer a certain pｒicｅ for somｅthing，ｅsｐeciallｙａt an ａuctiｏn 递盘３０、referenｃe ｐriｃｅ a ｐrice calculated ｃoｎtinuoｕsly ｕpｄated ｉn reａl tiｍe ａｎd ｒｅpｒｅsenting aweighteｄ avｅrage of priｃes 参考价六、数量条件与外汇术语1、ｎumber ①the propeｒty pｏssｅssed ｂy a sum oｒ total oｒiｎdefinitｅｑｕａntiｔy of units or ｉｎdividualｓ②ａ concepｔ of qｕaｎtity invoｌvinｇ zero aｎd unitｓ个数2、net wｅigｈt (Aｃtual Neｔ Weight） Weｉghｔ of gｏods ａlone withoutany iｍmｅdiａｔe ｗrappings、净重３、 capacｉty Thｅ mａｘｉmum load a ｇeｎeratｉng unｉt， geｎera ｔinｇｓtation, ｏｒ other elｅｃtricaｌ appａratus ｉs raｔｅd to carry、容积４、ｖｏlume A unｉt ｏf three diｍensionaｌ mｅａsuｒe of space that pｒｉｓes a lengtｈ， a ｗiｄth aｎd a heｉght、体积5、tａｒｅan ａdjustmeｎt made for the ｗeighｔｏｆｔｈe pａckａｇing ｉn oｒｄer ｔo ｄeterｍiｎｅ the ｎet ｗeigｈtof ｔhe goｏds、皮重６、gｒosｓ weigh Entiｒe ｗeighｔ of goodｓ, pａｃkｉng， aｎd ｃontａｉner,， ready ｆor shｉpmenｔ、毛重７、 qualiｔy①an eｓsentｉaｌ and disｔｉnguｉshｉnｇａttriｂｕte of something or soｍeonｅ、②a charａcteristｉc prｏpｅｒｔy tｈat definｅｓｔheapparent iｎdivｉdual ｎａture of sｏmething、品质8、ｄｕplicate sampｌe One oｆｔwo samplｅs coｌlｅcted at a ｓａｍplinｇ pｏint at the same time ｉn a ｍanｎer thａt miｎｉmizeｓ dｉfferencｅｓｂetwｅenthe samples、复样9、 Sｐeｃifｙto stipulaｔｅ as a condｉtion ｏr reｑuiremeｎt ｉn a cｏntracｔor agrｅｅment说明１0、counter samｐle Ｐre-production saｍpｌｅｓsent ｆｒom a veｎdor for pｕrｐoseｓ sucｈ aｓfittinｇ，ｍｅntson ｅxｅcutiｏｎor ｉnｔerpreｔation of a dｅsign ｏr modeｌ、对等样品11、criｔｅriｏnａ standard, ｒule, or tｅsｔoｎｗｈicｈ ajudｇment ｏｒ decisiｏｎcan be based、标准1２、caｔalogｕe A plete list in ｐrｉｎtｅd oｒ electroｎic fｏr ｍat of ｔｈe ｓｔocｋ held in ａｐarticulaｒｃoｌlecｔｉon, lｉbｒary， oｒ gｒoup ｏf liｂraries, rｅcordｉng，ｄescribinｇ and indexing ｔｈe ｒesourcｅsａvaiｌａｂle、商品目录13、pamｐhｌet ①boｏkｌet： a sｍall book usuallｙhaving a paｐer ｃｏver②ｔract: a ｂrief treaｔｉse on a ｓｕbｊｅct ｏｆinｔeｒest； pｕblisｈｅd in tｈe forｍｏf a booklet、宣传小册14、tolｅrａnｃe A sｐｅciｆied aｌｌｏwance ｆor deviation in weｉghiｎg，ｍeaｓｕｒing, etc、fｏｒ devｉatｉons ｆrｏm the stanｄａrd ｄiｍensionｓoｒｗeｉght、公差１5、ｒｅpreｓｅnｔatiｖｅ sample A reｐreｓentative saｍｐle iｓ oｎe from wｈｉｃh ｆindiｎgs ｍay be pｒｏｊected ｔo ｔhe pｏpulation froｍ whicｈｉt waｓdrawn、代表性样品16、forｅign ｅxchange ｔhe sｙstem bｙ whiｃh ｏｎe curｒency is exｃｈａｎｇｅd fｏr anothｅr；enablｅs ｉnｔｅrｎationａl trａｎsactions ｔo take place、外汇１7、foreigｎcurｒencｙＡ currenｃy iｓａ uniｔｏf exｃhange，facilｉｔatinｇｔｈe tranｓfｅr ｏf ｇoｏdｓａｎd/ｏr services、Ｉｔ is onｅ foｒm of moｎey、外币18、rａｔｅｏｆeｘcｈａｎｇeｔhe chaｒge ｆor exchａnｇingcurrency ｏｆ onｅcoｕnｔry for curｒency ｏfanothｅr、汇率1９、ｆloatｉng ratｅＡn inｔeｒest raｔｅ on ａｌoaｎ that fｌuctuaｔｅｓ with thｅｐreｖailinｇｒａｔes offeｒｅd ｔｏ lendｉｎg insｔitutions、浮动汇率20、ｆiｘeｄｒaｔe Ｔhｅ inteｒｅｓt ｒaｔe charｇed and/or ｔhe mｏnthｌｙ pａｙｍenｔs are fｉxｅd thrｏuｇｈouttｈｅlength ｏf the aｇｒeｅｍenｔ、固定汇率2１、gold ｓtandａrd ①a ｍonetarｙ staｎdaｒd unｄer ｗhich thｅbasic unit of currｅｎcy ｉs defined by a stateｄquantity oｆ gｏｌd②ａｐaｒagon of ｅxcellｅnｃe； "acadeｍic ｅducａｔion is the ｇoｌd standａrd aｇainsｔｗhichotheｒeducaｔional actiｖiｔy ｉs ｐejoｒａtivelｙ judｇed”金本位制度。