医学基础英语单词总结
权威版：医学专业英语词汇
权威版：医学专业英语词汇前言医学专业英语词汇是医学领域交流与学术研究的基础。
为了帮助广大医学专业人士和爱好者更好地掌握医学专业英语，我们精心整理了一份权威版的医学专业英语词汇表。
本词汇表涵盖了基础医学词汇、临床诊断词汇、治疗词汇以及医学相关术语，旨在为广大医学工作者提供一部实用的医学英语工具书。
---一、基础医学词汇1.1 解剖学- Abdomen 腹部- Anterior 前部- Posterior 后部- Thorax 胸腔- Lungs 肺- Heart 心脏- Skull 颅骨- Brain 脑- Spine 脊柱- Vertebrae 椎骨- Hip 髋关节- Femur 股骨- Tibia 胫骨- Fibula 腓骨- Ankle 踝关节- Shoulder 肩关节- humerus 肱骨- Radius 桡骨- Ulna 尺骨- Wrist 手腕1.2 生理学- Respiration 呼吸- Circulation 循环- Digestion 消化- Metabolism 代谢- Nervous System 神经系统- Endocrine System 内分泌系统- Immune System 免疫系统- Reproduction 生殖- Urination 排尿- Excretion 排泄1.3 病理学- Cancer 癌症- Inflammation 炎症- Infection 感染- Allergy 过敏- Autoimmune Disease 自身免疫病- Genetic Disease 遗传病- Degenerative Disease 退行性疾病二、临床诊断词汇2.1 诊断方法- Physical Examination 体检- Laboratory Examination 实验室检查- Imaging Examination 影像学检查- Endoscopy 内镜检查- Biopsy 活检2.2 常见症状- Fever 发热- Pain 疼痛- Vomiting 呕吐- Diarrhea 腹泻- Fatigue 疲劳- Dizziness 头晕- Anxiety 焦虑- Depression 抑郁2.3 疾病名称- Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病- Myocardial Infarction 心肌梗死- Cerebrovascular Accident 脑卒中-肺炎 Pneumonia- Arthritis 关节炎- Cancer 癌症- Asthma 哮喘- Ulcer 溃疡---三、治疗词汇3.1 治疗方法- Drug Therapy 药物治疗- Surgery 手术- Radiation Therapy 放射治疗- Chemotherapy 化疗- Immunotherapy 免疫治疗- Physical Therapy 物理治疗3.2 药物名称- Aspirin 阿司匹林- Penicillin 青霉素- Insulin 胰岛素- Glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素- Antibiotics 抗生素- Anesthetics 麻醉剂---四、医学相关术语- ECG 心电图- MRI 磁共振成像- CT 计算机断层扫描- Ultrasound 超声波- Dialysis 透析- Transplantation 移植- Angioplasty 血管成形术- Stent 支架---结语本词汇表旨在为广大医学工作者提供一部实用的医学英语工具书，以便更好地进行国际交流和学术研究。
基础医学英语词汇
常见医学单词：BSL Blood Sugar Level 血糖水平anti-coagulation 抗凝CHF Congestive Heart Failure 充血性心力衰竭constrict / constriction 收缩RBC Red Blood Celldilate / dilation 舒张WBC White Blood Cellnegative 阴性Platelet 血小板positive 阳性Plasma/serum 血浆myocardium 心肌Consciousness 意识coronary artery 冠状动脉Hypoxia 缺氧ventricle 心室Osmotic pressure 渗透压atrium 心房Colloid Osmotic pressure 胶体渗透压blood supply 血供Spinal column 脊柱BT bleeding time 出血时间Acidosis 酸中毒Alkalosis 碱中毒CT clotting time 凝血时间Pulmonary edema 肺水肿water-soluble 水溶性nerve 神经fat-soluble 脂溶性Oxygen 氧气pulmonary arterial / vein肺动/静脉Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳elastic 有弹性的Stomach 胃tissue 组织Gastric contents 胃内容物aorta 主动脉Risk factor 危险因素exchange 交换Flushed skin 皮肤发红gallbladder 胆囊Pallor 苍白lung 肺Dizziness 头晕kidney 肾Nausea 恶心cardiac output 心输出量Vomit 呕吐peripheral resistance 外周阻力Seizure 惊厥systolic blood pressure 收缩压Enema 灌肠diastolic blood pressure 舒张压Electrolyte 电解质normal range 正常范围Fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱capillary 毛细血管BUN blood urea nitrogen血尿素氮circulatory system 循环系统Blood gas 血气release 释放Hormone 激素superficial 表浅的Protein 蛋白质blood volume 血容量Albumin 白蛋白bradycardia 心动过缓Glucose 葡萄糖tachycardia 心动过速Hemoglobin 血红蛋白valve 瓣膜Sternum 胸骨forearm 前臂Rib 肋骨breast 胸部，乳房Liver 肝armpit 腋窝Spleen 脾groin 腹股沟Pancreas 胰腺prevent 预防Iron 鉄bloodstream 血流Calcium 钙fiber 纤维Magnesium 镁acute 急性的Sodium 钠diarrhea 腹泻Potassium 钾Antibody-antigen complex 抗原抗体复合物Bone marrow 骨髓myocardial infarctionTransplant 移植low-grade fever 低热Blurred vision 视力模糊chill 寒战Spontaneous 自主的urticaria 风疹Dysrhythmia 心律不齐inhibitor 抑制剂GI irritation 胃肠刺激inflammation 炎症Intake and output 出入量angioplasty 血管扩张术Hypokalemia 低血钾normal saline 生理盐水Hyperkalemia 高血钾circulatory overload 循环负担过重Hypotension 低血压shortness of breath 气短Hypertension 高血压restless 烦躁不安Antihypertensive 抗高血压药rapid and thready pulse 脉搏细速Headache 头痛orthopnea 端坐呼吸Urinary retention 尿储留pallor/ cyanosis 苍白Angina pectoris 心绞痛chest paincentral venous pressure 中心静脉压Sublingual 舌下的Fowler’s position 端座卧位Oral 口服的Semi- Fowler’s position 半座卧位Topical 局部的dyspnea 呼吸困难Calcium channel blocker 钙离子通道阻滞剂diuretics 利尿剂Mucosa 粘膜impaired 受损的Orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压pink and frothy sputum粉红色泡沫样痰Hypoglycemia 低血糖yellow sputum 黄痰Hyperglycemia 高血糖blood-streaked sputum 血丝痰Hypovolemia 低血容量mucoid sputum 黏液痰Hypervolemia 高血容量breathing pattern 呼吸模式Preload and afterload （心脏的）前后负荷sterile 无菌的Dehydration 脱水container 容器Uric acid 尿酸cool clammy skin 皮肤湿冷Sign 体征preventive 预防性的Symptom 症状bronchitis 支气管炎Symptom free/ asymptomatic 无症状pneumonia 肺炎Monitor 监测concentration 浓度Constipation 便秘barrel chest 桶状胸Skin rash 皮疹distended neck vein 颈静脉怒张Heparin 肝素external irritant 外界刺激物Warfarin 华法林endocrine system 内分泌系统Hemorrhage 大出血insulin 胰岛素Therapy 疗法absorption 吸收Alcohol 酒精reabsorption 再吸收Anemia 贫血shock 休克Folic acid 叶酸trauma 外伤Allergic reaction 过敏反应complication 并发症Bile 胆汁compensatory 代偿的Bile acid 胆汁酸Cholesterol 胆固醇Obesity 肥胖症Stuffy nose 鼻塞collect sputum and blood specimen for culture and sensitivity tests 收集痰血标本做细菌培养和药敏COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病DM Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病Gestational diabetes 妊娠糖尿病Ketone body 酮体Ketoacidosis 酮症酸中毒Insulin resistant 胰岛素耐受Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Mechanism 机制，机理IDDM (Type 1) insulin-dependant diabetes mellitue 胰岛素依赖性糖尿病NIDDM (Type 2) non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitue非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病Glucose Tolerance Test 糖耐量试验Oral anti-diabetic medications 口服降糖药PVD peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病Arterioatherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化CAD coronary artery disease 冠心病CVD cerebral vascular disease 脑血管病Polyuria 多尿Ulcer 溃疡Gangrene 坏疽Fatigue 疲乏Blurred vision 视力模糊Fasting blood sugar 空腹血糖2-hour post-prandial glucose 餐后两小时血糖Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒Respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒Ketonuria 酮尿Sweet breath odor 烂苹果味呼吸Mental confusion 精神错乱Slurred speech 说话含糊不清Wound healing 伤口愈合Renal function 肾功能Renal failure 肾衰Uremia 尿毒症Creatinine 肌酐Urea 尿素Internal 内部的External 外部的Itching 痒BUN blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮Carbon dioxide combining power 二氧化碳结合力Urine gravity 尿比重Bleeding tendency 出血倾向Injury 外伤Patency 开放，通畅Bed sore 褥疮Skin care 皮肤护理Paraplegia 截瘫Pacemaker 起搏器Elevate 抬高Pitting edema 凹陷型水肿Sodium-restricted diet 限钠饮食Interstitial space 组织间隙Extremity 四肢，肢端Deficiency 缺乏，不足Blood transfusion 输血GI irritation 胃肠刺激Pleural space 胸膜腔Fluctuate 波动Kink 弯曲，折住Water-seal chamber 水封瓶Subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿Airtight 密封的Sharp pain 锐痛Dull pain 钝痛Burning pain 灼痛Radiating pain 放射痛各科室名称：medical department; department of internal medicine: 内科surgical department; department of surgery: 外科department of obstetrics and gynecology : 妇产科ophtalmology department: 眼科dental department: 牙科ENT(ear-nose-throat)department: 耳鼻喉科urology department: 泌尿科dermatology department; skin department: 皮肤科orthopedic surgery department: 矫形外科traumatology department: 创伤外科plastic surgery: 整形外科anesthesiology department: 麻醉科pathology department: 病理科cardiology department: 心脏病科psychiatry department: 精神病科orthopedics department: 骨科department of cardiac surgery: 心脏外科department of cerebral surgery: 胸外科neurology department: 神经科neurosurgery department: 神经外科thoracic surgery department: 脑外科department of traditional Chinese medicine: 中医科registration office: 挂号处out-patient department: 门诊部in-patient department: 住院部nursing department: 护理部consulting room: 诊室waiting room: 候诊室emergency room: 急诊室admitting office: 住院处operation room: 手术室X-ray department: 放射科blood bank: 血库dispensary; pharmacy: 药房ward: 病房laboratory: 化验室牤Department of Nephrology 肾内科Department of Chemotherapy 化疗科Department of Radiotherapy 放疗科Department of Endocrinology 内分泌科Respiratory medicine 呼吸科Rheumatology 风湿科Hematology 血液科Geriatrics 老年科Neurology 神经科Oncology 肿瘤科Thoracic surgery 胸外科Urology 泌尿外科Neurosurgery 神经外科Vascular surgery 周围血管外科Gastroenterology 肠胃外科Hepatobiliary surgery 肝胆外科General surgery 普外科Orthopedics 骨科Cardiovascular surgery 心外科Burns surgery 烧伤科Hand surgery 手外科Plastic surgery 整形外科Pediatric surgery 儿外科Obstetrics and gynecology 妇产科Stomatology 口腔科Ophthalmology 眼科Infectious disease 感染科Dermatology 皮肤科Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) 耳鼻喉科Nuclear medicine 核医学科Psychiatry 精神科Medical rehabilitation 康复科Anesthesiology 麻醉科Radiology 放射科Ultrasonography 超声科Pain management 疼痛科Pharmacology 药理科Internal Medicine 内科常见护理英语80句一．Receiving the patient（接待病人）1.How do you do? / Good morning!您好！（初次见面时使用）/早上好！2.What can I do for you? /Can I help you?您需要我帮助吗？3．I’ll bring you to your bedside, please follow me. This is your bed..我要领您到床边去.请跟我来.这是您的床位.4.The toilet is over there. 卫生间在那边5.We supply hot water. 我们供应热水6.Please wait a moment. I’ll let your doctor know. / I’ll inform your doctor.请等一会儿,我去通知医生.7.Mary is the nurse /doctor in charge of you.玛丽是您的负责护士/医生8.Please let us know if you need any help. 您需要帮助时，请告诉我们.9.Smoking is not allowed here.这里不允许吸烟二.information collection (收集信息)10.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? 您介意我问您几个问题吗?11. We need some information from you. 我们需要从您这儿收集一些信息.12. Is your tummy still sore? 您的肚子还疼吗?13. Does your pain come on after or before meals? 您的疼痛是在饭前还是饭后发作？14. Does it hurt to pass urine? /when I press here? 排尿时痛吗？/ 当我按压这儿时痛吗？15. Does your back ache? 您的后背痛吗？16.Do your feet swell?您的脚肿了吗？17. Do you have a cough/fever? 您咳嗽吗？/ 您有发热吗？18. Do you bring up any sputum? 您咳痰吗？19. Is there any radiation of the pain? (to the shoulder)有放射（到肩部的）痛吗？20. How long have you had the pain? 您的痛有多长时间了？21. When did the pain start? /where is your pain? 疼痛从什么时候开始的/什么地方疼痛？22. Are your periods regular? 您的月经规则吗？三．Physical examination（查体）23.Will you please undress for medical examination? 请您脱下衣服做体检好吗？24. Take off your clothes, please. 请把衣服脱下来25.Lie down on the couch, please. /Just lie still on the couch and relax.请躺在治疗床上./ 请安静地躺在治疗床上,放松.26.Bend your knees, please. 请屈膝.27.Open your mouth and say ’ah" 张开口, 说: 啊28.Beathe deeply, please./take a deep breath, please.请深呼吸29.May I examine your tummy, please? 我要检查下您的肚子, 好吗?30.Roll up your sleeves, please. 请卷起袖子.四．Communication. (交流)31.I am going to take your temperature./Please put the thermometer under your armpit.我要测一下您的体温/请把体温计放在您的腋下.32.Let me feel your pulse.让我测一下您的脉搏.33. I’ll test/take your blood pressure. 我要测量您的血压.34. I’m afraid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood sugar le vel.我要取一滴指血做血糖测定, 需要刺一下手指.35. I’ll take some blood from your arm now. 现在我要从您的胳膊抽血.36. Don’t take any thing by mouth after midnight until the blood is drawn tomorrow morning.半夜之后不要吃喝任何东西，明天早上抽血.37. Please bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum./ please collect your mid-stream specimen of urine.请留一份尿/便/痰的标本/请收集您的中段尿.38. Please have your blood and urine tests done. 请做一下您的血和尿试验.39. You are going to have a CT-scan of your chest/head today.今天您要做一个胸部/头部CT.40. You are going to have a chest X-ray this morning. 今天早上您要拍一个胸片.41. You are going to have a B-mode ultrasonic exam. Please keep your bladder full.您要做B超检查,请留尿,使膀胱充盈.42. You are going to have an gastric endoscopy tomorrow morning. Please don’t eat or drinkanything after 12 o’clock tonight. 明天上午您要做胃镜检查，今晚12点之后，请不要吃喝任何东西。
医学领域英语词汇全集
医学领域英语词汇全集以下是医学领域常用的英语词汇全集，供参考：1. Anatomy（解剖学）- Skeleton（骨骼）- Muscles（肌肉）- Organs（器官）- Nerves（神经）2. Physiology（生理学）- Circulatory system（循环系统）- Respiratory system（呼吸系统）- Digestive system（消化系统）- Endocrine system（内分泌系统）3. Diseases（疾病）- Cancer（癌症）- Diabetes（糖尿病）- Hypertension（高血压）- Influenza（流感）4. Medical Procedures（医疗程序）- Surgery（外科手术）- Radiology（放射学）- Physical therapy（物理疗法）- Chemotherapy（化疗）5. Medications（药物）- Antibiotics（抗生素）- Analgesics（止痛药）- Antidepressants（抗抑郁药）- Antihistamines（抗组胺药）6. Medical Equipment（医疗设备）- Stethoscope（听诊器）- X-ray machine（X光机）- Ultrasound machine（超声波机）- Blood pressure monitor（血压计）7. Medical Specialties（医学专业）- Cardiology（心脏病学）- Dermatology（皮肤病学）- Gynecology（妇科学）- Pediatrics（儿科学）8. Medical Ethics（医学伦理）- Informed consent（知情同意）- Confidentiality（保密性）- Patient autonomy（患者自主权）- Non-maleficence（不伤害原则）9. Medical Research（医学研究）- Clinical trials（临床试验）- Case studies（病例研究）- Epidemiology（流行病学）- Genetic research（遗传研究）以上是医学领域常用的英语词汇全集。
医学专业英语词汇大全
医学专业英语词汇大全一、人体解剖学词汇1. 骨骼系统（Skeletal System）skull（颅骨）spine（脊柱）rib（肋骨）pelvis（骨盆）femur（股骨）tibia（胫骨）fibula（腓骨）2. 肌肉系统（Muscular System）biceps（二头肌）triceps（三头肌）deltoid（三角肌）quadriceps（四头肌）gluteus（臀大肌）rectus abdominis（腹直肌）3. 神经系统（Nervous System）brain（大脑）spinal cord（脊髓）neuron（神经元）synapse（突触）cerebellum（小脑）hypothalamus（下丘脑）4. 循环系统（Circulatory System） heart（心脏）artery（动脉）vein（静脉）capillary（毛细血管）blood（血液）plasma（血浆）5. 呼吸系统（Respiratory System） lung（肺）trachea（气管）bronchus（支气管）alveoli（肺泡）diaphragm（膈肌）二、临床医学词汇1. 疾病与症状diabetes（糖尿病）hypertension（高血压）asthma（哮喘）fever（发热）headache（头痛）nausea（恶心）2. 检查与诊断physical examination（体格检查）Xray（X光检查）CT scan（CT扫描）MRI（磁共振成像）biopsy（活检）diagnosis（诊断）3. 治疗与药物medication（药物治疗）surgery（手术治疗）vaccination（疫苗接种）antibiotic（抗生素）painkiller（止痛药）insulin（胰岛素）三、医学分支词汇1. 内科学（Internal Medicine） cardiology（心脏病学）gastroenterology（消化病学） nephrology（肾脏病学）endocrinology（内分泌学）hematology（血液病学）2. 外科学（Surgery）general surgery（普通外科） orthopedic surgery（骨科）neurosurgery（神经外科）plastic surgery（整形外科）cardiac surgery（心脏外科）3. 妇产科（Obstetrics and Gynecology）pregnancy（妊娠）childbirth（分娩）contraception（避孕）menopause（更年期）cervical cancer（宫颈癌）4. 儿科学（Pediatrics）immunization（免疫）growth chart（生长曲线）developmental milestones（发育里程碑）asthma in children（儿童哮喘）childhood obesity（儿童肥胖）本词汇大全旨在帮助医学专业人员和爱好者更好地掌握医学英语，提高专业英语水平。
医学学术英语主要词汇汇总单词
医学学术英语主要词汇汇总单词以下是医学学术英语中的一些主要词汇：
1. Anatomy - 解剖学
2. Physiology - 生理学
3. Pathology - 病理学
4. Pharmacology - 药理学
5. Microbiology - 微生物学
6. Genetics - 遗传学
7. Immunology - 免疫学
8. Epidemiology - 流行病学
9. Diagnosis - 诊断
10. Treatment - 治疗
11. Surgery - 外科手术
12. Radiology - 放射学
13. Cardiology - 心脏病学
14. Oncology - 肿瘤学
15. Neurology - 神经病学
16. Gastroenterology - 胃肠病学
17. Obstetrics - 产科学
18. Pediatrics - 儿科学
19. Dermatology - 皮肤病学
20. Psychiatry - 精神病学
21. Anesthesia - 麻醉学
22. Endocrinology - 内分泌学
23. Cardiac - 心脏的
24. Respiratory - 呼吸的
25. Digestive - 消化的
26. Nervous - 神经的
27. Muscular - 肌肉的
28. Skeletal - 骨骼的
29. Vascular - 血管的
30. Immune - 免疫的
这只是医学学术英语中的一小部分词汇，医学领域非常广泛，还有很多其他词汇和专业术语。
(完整版)医学专业英语词汇
(完整版)医学专业英语词汇医学专业英语词汇1. 基础词汇- Medicine - 医学- Clinic - 诊所- Doctor - 医生- Patient - 患者- Hospital - 医院- Health - 健康- Disease - 疾病- Treatment - 治疗- Symptom - 症状- Diagnosis - 诊断- Prescription - 处方- Surgery - 手术- Laboratory - 实验室- Research - 研究- University - 大学- Medical - 医疗的- Nurse - 护士- Pharmacist - 药剂师- Therapist - 治疗师- Vaccine - 疫苗- X-ray - X光片- HIV - 人类免疫缺陷病毒- Cancer - 癌症- Diabetes - 糖尿病- Heart - 心脏- Kidney - 肾脏- Liver - 肝脏2. 解剖学词汇- Anatomy - 解剖学- Skeleton - 骨骼- Muscle - 肌肉- Nervous system - 神经系统- Digestive system - 消化系统- Respiratory system - 呼吸系统- Circulatory system - 循环系统- Skeletal system - 骨骼系统- Muscular system - 肌肉系统- Nervous tissue - 神经组织- Respiratory tract - 呼吸道- Circulatory system - 循环系统- Digestive tract - 消化道- Central nervous system - 中枢神经系统- Peripheral nervous system - 外周神经系统- Endocrine system - 内分泌系统- Urinary system - 泌尿系统3. 疾病词汇- Infection - 感染- Allergy - 过敏- Fever - 发烧- Inflammation - 炎症- Pain - 疼痛- Cough - 咳嗽- Headache - 头痛- Fatigue - 疲劳- Depression - 抑郁症- High blood pressure - 高血压- Arthritis - 关节炎- Asthma - 哮喘- Alzheimer's disease - 阿尔茨海默病- Stroke - 中风- Multiple sclerosis - 多发性硬化症- Pneumonia - 肺炎- Cancer - 癌症- Diabetes - 糖尿病- Heart disease - 心脏病- Kidney disease - 肾脏疾病- Liver disease - 肝脏疾病- Sexually transmitted disease - 性传播疾病4. 检查和测试词汇- Blood test - 血液检查- Urine test - 尿液检查- X-ray - X光检查- Ultrasound - 超声波- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - 磁共振成像- ECG (Electrocardiogram) - 心电图- PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography) - 正电子发射断层扫描- Colonoscopy - 结肠镜检查- Pap smear - 涂片检查- Biopsy - 活检- Lymph node biopsy - 淋巴结活检- Bone marrow biopsy - 骨髓活检5. 药物相关词汇- Medication - 药物- Drug - 药品- Prescription - 处方药- Over-the-counter (OTC) - 非处方药- Antibiotics - 抗生素- Analgesics - 镇痛药- Antidepressants - 抗抑郁药- Antipyretics - 退热药- Antihistamines - 抗组织胺药- Anticoagulants - 抗凝药- Opioids - 麻醉药- Diuretics - 利尿药- Antivirals - 抗病毒药- Anti-inflammatory - 抗炎药- Beta blockers - 贝塔受体阻滞剂- Statins - 他汀类药物- Vaccines - 疫苗- Insulin - 胰岛素- Cholesterol-lowering drugs - 降低胆固醇药物以上是医学专业英语词汇的一部分，希望对您的学习和工作有所帮助。
医学英语基础词汇大全
英语根底医学词汇CHINESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY FOR BASIC MEDICINE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------阿狄森病(肾上腺皮质机能减退) Addison's disease阿佛伽德罗常量Avogadro constant阿卡波糖acarbose阿拉伯糖操纵子arabinose operon阿拉伯糖arabinose阿霉素doxorubicin(adriamycin)阿米巴，变形虫amoeba阿米巴病amoebiasis阿米巴痢疾amebic dysentery阿密替林amitriptyline阿片肽opioid peptide阿少夫小体Aschoff body阿斯咪唑(息斯敏) astemizole阿斯匹林反响(高敏性) aspirin hypersensitivity阿斯匹林aspirin阿糖胞苷cytarabine(Ara C)阿替洛尔atenolol阿托品atropine阿托品样的atropinic阿昔洛维(无环鸟苷) aciclovir埃angstrom (*!)埃博拉病毒Ebolavirus埃及血吸虫Schistosoma haematobium癌carcinoma癌的分级grading of cancer癌的分期staging of cancer癌基因，原癌基因oncogene癌,基因相关基因oncogene related gene癌家族cancer family癌,胚抗原carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA艾里斑Airy disk艾司唑仑estazolam艾滋病acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS 安定药neuroleptic drug安宫黄体酮provera安培定律Ampere law安培环路定理Ampere circuital theorem安培力Ampere force平安范围margin of safety安体舒通antisterone抚慰剂placebo氨苯蝶啶triamterene氨苄青霉素(阿比西林) ampicillin氨茶碱aminophylineγ氨基丁酸γgamma aminobutyric acid, GABA氨基多糖aminopolysaccharide氨基甲酸血红蛋白carbaminohemoglobin氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, CPS 氨基末端amino terminalδ氨基γ酮戊酸δaminolevulinic acid,ALA氨基酸amino acid氨基肽酶amino peptidase氨基糖甙类aminoglycosides氨基酰tRNA合成酶aminoacyl tRNA synthetase氨基转移酶aminotransferase氨甲苯酸paminomethylbenzoic acid,PAMBA氨甲蝶呤methotrexate, MTX氨甲酰胆碱carbachol氨酰基位，A位aminoacyl site氨中毒ammonia intoxication按蚊Anopheles胺amine胺吡酮amrinone胺碘酮aminodarone胺氯吡咪amiloride胺能神经元aminergic neuron胺氧化酶amino oxidase暗带dark band暗视野显微镜darkfield microscope暗适应dark adaptation赘生物neoplasm奥沙西泮oxazepam巴比妥类barbiturates巴氏消毒法pasteurization巴斯德菌属Pasteurella靶器官target organ靶细胞target cell靶腺target gland靶组织target tissue靶学说target theory白蛋白，清蛋白albumin白喉、白日咳、破伤风三联疫苗DPT vaccine (diphtheria pertussis tetanus)白喉毒素diphtheria toxin, diphtherotoxin白喉杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae白化病albinism白蛉sandfly白霉素leucomycin白膜tunica albuginea白三烯，白细胞三烯leukotrienes, LTs白色梗死pale infarct白色念珠菌Candida albicans白色肉瘤leukosarcoma白色血栓white thrombus白髓white pulp白体corpus albicans白细胞leukocyte(white blood cell)白细胞功能抗原leukocyte func tional antigens, LFAs 白细胞介素1和2 interleukin 1 and 2, IL 1, 2白细胞介素interleukin, IL白线linea alba，white line白质white matter，white substance百日咳毒素pertussis toxin, PT百日咳杆菌Bordetella pertussis败血症septicemia败血症性休克septic shock班氏吴策线虫Wuchereria bancrofti斑点分子杂交法dot blot McCallum McCallum splaques瘢痕疙瘩keloid板层颗粒lamellated granule板层状lamellar板齿cutting plate板块模型blocky model板内核intralaminar nuclei半保存复制semiconservative replication半波损失half wave loss半不连续复制semidiscontinuous replication半胱氨酸cysteine半合子hemizygote半核体half nucleosome半脊索动物亚门Ｓubphylum semichordata半价层half value layer半腱肌semitendinosus m.半抗原hapten半膜肌semimembranosus m.半桥粒hemidesmosome半乳糖galactoseUDP半乳糖：GM2半乳糖基转移酶UDP galactose:GM2 galactosyl transferaseUDP半乳糖：N 乙酰氨基葡萄糖半乳糖基转移酶UDP galactose:N acetyl glucosamine galactosyl transferaseUDP 半乳糖NAc:GM3 N 乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶UDP gal NAc:GM3 N acetyl glucosaminyl transferase半乳糖脑苷转硫酶galactocerebraside sulfotransferase半乳糖血症galactosemia半寿期half life半数感染量ID 50, median infective dose半数有效量median effective dose半数致死量median lethal dose(LD 50)半衰期half life period,half life time(Ｔl/2)半显性semidominance半月, 新月demilune半月瓣semilunar valve半月体形成crescent formation半自主性细胞器semiautonomous organelle伴随免疫concomitant immunity瓣膜valve瓣膜关闭不全valvular insufficiency包涵体inclusion bodies包涵物inclusion包埋embedding包曼囊, 肾小囊Bowman s (renal) capsule包膜envelope包囊cyst包氏复合体B tzinger complex包蜕膜decidua capsularis包围encapsulation包装抽提物packaging extract孢子增殖sporogony胞壁酸teichoic acid胞壁质murein胞苷cytidine胞苷酸cytidine monophosphate, CMP胞肛cytoproct胞间连丝plasmodesmata胞浆阻滞法cytokinesis block method胞浆阻滞微核法cytokinesis block micronucleus method 胞口cytostome胞嘧啶cytosine (C)胞膜内褶cell membrane infolding胞内体endosome胞体soma胞吐，胞裂外排，外吐作用exocytosis胞吞,入胞,内吞endocytosis胞咽cytopharynx胞饮作用pinocytosis胞蚴sporocyst胞质分裂cytokinesis胞质周围间隙periplasmic space饱和saturation饱和盐水浮聚法brine flotation保虫宿主reservoir host保守力conservative force抱雌沟gynecophoral canal爆发性病毒性肝炎fulminant viral hepatitis爆式促进活性因子burst promoting activity (BPA) factor爆式红系集落形成单位burst forming unit erythroid〔BFU E〕杯状细胞goblet cell贝洛尔labetalol贝叶定理Bayes s law备用reserve备用状态resting state背侧dorsal背侧呼吸组dorsal respiratory group, DGR背侧丘脑(丘脑) dorsal thalamus(thalamus)背阔肌latissimus dorsi m.背鳍dorsal fin背胰芽dorsal pancreatic bud背主动脉dorsal aorta倍地米松betamethasone被动扩散passive diffusion被动皮肤过敏反响passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, PCA 被动运输，被动转运passive transport被动重吸收passive reabsorption被覆上皮covering epithelium被盖tegmentum被膜下淋巴窦subcapsular sinus被膜下上皮细胞subcapsular epithelial cell贲门腺cardiac gland贲门cardia, cardiac orifice本体感受器proprioceptors本周蛋白Bence Jones protein苯巴比妥(鲁米那) phenobarbital(luminal)苯丙氨酸phenylalanine苯丙氨酸羟化酶phenylalanine hydroxylase苯丙酮尿病phenylketonuria, PKU苯二氮NFDA1类benzodiazepines苯海拉明diphenhydromine benadryl苯海索(安坦) trihexyphenidyl (artane) 苯磺唑酮sulphinpyrazone苯酮酸尿症pheny ketonuria, PKU苯氧酸fibric acid苯乙醇胺phenylethanolamine苯乙双胍phenformin苯异硫氰酸phenylisothiocyanate, PITC 苯扎贝特bezafibrate苯唑青霉素(新青霉素II) oxacillin泵pump泵衰竭pump failure泵-漏模式pump leak model鼻板nasal placode鼻病毒rhinovirus鼻骨nasal bone鼻腔nasal cavity鼻窝nasal pit鼻咽部nasal pharynx鼻中隔nasal septum比拟医学comparative medicine比目鱼肌soleus m.比沙可淀bisacodyl吡丁醇pirbuterol吡啶核苷酸转氢酶pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase 吡哆胺pyridoxamine吡哆醇pyridoxine吡哆醛pyridoxal吡喹酮praziquantel吡嗪酰胺pyrazinamide必需氨基酸essential amino acid必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot Savart law闭孔神经obturator n.闭锁连接occluding junction闭锁卵泡atresic follicle闭锁小带zonula occludens篦麻毒蛋白ricin蓖麻油castor oil壁腹膜parietal peritoneum壁蜕膜decidua parietalis壁细胞parietal cell壁胸膜parietal pleura避孕药contraceptive臂丛brachial plexus臂间倒位pericentric inversion臂内倒位paracentric inversion臂旁内侧核parabrachialis medialis边缘层marginal layer边缘窦marginal sinus边缘区marginal zone边缘系统limbic system编码链coding strand编程性细胞死亡programmed cell death 鞭毛flagellum, flagella扁平囊泡cisterna扁平体platy some扁形动物platyhelminthes扁形动物门Phylum platyhelminthes苄氟噻嗪bendroflumethiazide变传导作用dromotropic action变构酶，别位酶allosteric enzyme变构学说allosteric theory变构作用allostery变力状态inotropic state变力作用inotropic action变时作用chronotropic action变态metamorphosis变态反响allergy变温动物poikilothermal animal变形deformity变性，溃变degeneration，denaturation变移上皮transitional epithelium变异variation变质alteration变质性炎症alterative inflammation遍多酸pantothenic acid标记亲和素-生物素法,LAB法labeled avidin biotin method, LAB method 标记染色体marker chromosome标识补救marker rescueCD标志,分化抗原标志CD markers,(CD:cluster of differentiation)标志X射线谱characteristic X ray spectrum标准碳酸氢盐standard bicarbonate, SB表(现)型phenotype表达expression表达反义antisence表达载体expression vector表观分布容积aparent volume of distribution(Vd)表观粘度apparent viscosity外表层surface layer外表活性物质surfactant外表激活surface activation外表抗原surface antigen外表麻醉surface anaesthesia外表能surface energy外表粘液细胞surface mucous cell外表张力surface tension外表张力系数coefficient of surface tension 表膜pellicle表皮epidermis表皮生长因子epidermal growth factor, EGF 表皮癣菌epidermophyton表皮样囊肿epidermoid cyst表皮增殖单位epidermal proliferative unit 表浅性阑尾炎superficial appendicitis表位epitope表现度不一致variable expressivity表型混合phenotypic mixing表型模拟phenocopy别构(位)效应allosteric effect别构调节allosteric regulation别嘌呤醇allopurinol槟榔semenarecae濒死impending death髌骨patella髌韧带patellar ligament冰冻切片frozen section丙氨酸alanine丙氨酸-葡萄糖循环alanine glucose cycle丙胺太林propantheline丙吡胺disopyramide丙二酸malonate丙二酰基转移酶malonyl transferase, MT丙磺舒probenecid丙基硫氧嘧啶propylthiouracil丙咪嗪imipramine丙酮acetone丙酮酸pyruvic acid丙酮酸激酶pyruvate kinase丙酮酸羧化酶pyruvate carboxylase丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 丙戊酸钠sodium valproate丙烯吗啡nalorphine并肢畸形sirenomelus病变lesion病毒virusEＢ病毒Epstein Ｂarr virus,EBVＢ病毒病B virus disease病毒固定，病毒胞饮viropexis病毒体virion病毒性肺炎viral pneumonia病毒性肝炎viral hepatitis病毒性心肌炎virus myocarditis病毒血症viremia病理过程pathological process病理解剖学pathologic anatomy病理生理学pathophysiology病理性萎缩pathologic atrophy病理学pathology病因治疗etiological treatment病原菌(体) pathogenic bacteria (pathogen) 病原体pathogen病原学etiology波长wave length波的干预interference of wave波的衍射diffraction of wave波动wave motion波动膜undulating membrane波动性undulatory property波腹antinode〔wave loop〕波节wave node波粒二象性wave particle dualism波面wave surface波前〔波阵面〕wave front波速wave velocity波形蛋白纤维vimentin filament波源wave source玻尔磁子Bohr magneton玻尔效应Bohr effect玻尔兹曼常量Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布率Boltzmann distribution law 玻璃体vitreous body玻璃样变性hyaline degeneration玻片扩散试验disk diffusion test玻片凝集试验slide agglutination test伯氨奎primaquine伯贝克颗粒Birbeck granule伯努利方程Bernoulli equation泊肃叶定律Poiseuille law博来霉素bleomycin博-金培养基Bordet Gengou medium搏出功stroke work薄膜干预film interference薄束核nucleus gracilis薄束结节gracile tubercle薄束fasciculus gracilis薄透镜thin lens薄血膜thin smear film卟胆原porphobilinogen, PBG卟啉症porphria卟啉porphyrin补充治疗supplement therapy补呼气量expiratory reserve volume, ERV补救(重新利用)途径salvage pathway补体complement补体分子1～9 C1～C9补体受体1,2,3 CR1, CR2, CR3补位或对位paratope补吸气量inspiratory reserve volume, ＩＲＶ哺乳lactation哺乳动物纲Class Mammalia哺育细胞nurse cell不对称性asymmetry不对称转录asymmetric transcription不别离non disjunction不感蒸发(不显汗) insensible perspiration不规那么显性irregular dominance不均一核RNA，核内异质RNA heterogeneous nuclear RNA, hnRNA 不连续复制discontinuous replication不连续毛细血管discontinuous capillary不良反响untowardeffect,untowardreaction不全变态hemimetabola不确定关系uncertainty relation不确定原理uncertainty principle不通肛imperforate anus不完全恢复健康incomplete recovery不完全连锁incomplete linkage不完全外显率incomplete penetrance不完全显性incomplete dominance不稳定配对wobble base pair不需氧脱氢酶anaerobic dehydrogenase不应期refractory period不应性refractoriness不育囊infertile cyst布比卡因bupivacaine布喇格方程Bragg equation布洛芬ibuprofen布氏姜片虫Fasciolopsis buski布氏姜片虫病fasciolopsiasis布氏嗜碘阿米巴Iodamoeba butschlii 局部冲动剂partial agonist局部拮抗剂partial antagonist局部偏振光partial polarized light残基residue残留期residual period残体residual body苍白球globus pallidus操纵基因operator操纵子operonLac操纵子Lac operon操纵子学说operon theory糙皮病，癞皮病pellagra草虫Paramoecium草酰乙酸oxaloacetic acid侧脑室lateral ventricle侧舌隆起lateral lingual swelling侧生组分lateral element侧向扩散lateral diffusion侧翼序列flanking sequence侧枝循环collateral circulation侧中胚层lateral mesoderm侧翼区，连接区5'flanking region 层流laminar flow层粘连蛋白laminin，LN茶碱theophyline差次表达differential expression差向变构酶epimerase蟾蜍toad产气荚膜杆菌Clostridium perfringens 产前诊断prenatal diagnosis产热中枢thermogenic center长臂longarm长臂猿科hylobratidae长春碱vinblastine(VLB)长春新碱vincristine(VCR)长醇磷酸脂dolichol phosphate长度-张力曲线length tension curve长反响long loop feedback长膜壳绦虫H. diminuta长期的遗传稳定性long term gene ticstability长时程加强作用long term potentiation, LTP长收肌adductor longus m.长吸式呼吸apneustic breathing肠intestine肠道病毒enterovirus肠道杆菌enteric bacillus (entero rod)肠道神经系统enteric nervous system肠道相关的淋巴组织gut associated lymphoid tissue,GALT 肠毒素enterotoxin肠干intestinal trunk肠激酶enterokinase肠期intestinal phase肠热症enteric fever肠绒毛intestinal villus肠系膜mesentery肠系膜后动脉posterior mesenteric artery肠系膜淋巴结mesenteric lymph node肠系膜前动脉anterior mesenteric artery肠系膜上动脉superior mesenteric a.肠系膜下动脉inferior mesenteric a.肠相关淋巴组织gut associated lymphoid tissue肠抑胃素enterogastrone肠隐窝intestinal crypt肠源性紫绀enterogenous cyanosis肠-肝循环entero hepatic circulation常染色质euchromatin常染色体autosome常染色体显性遗传autosomal dominant inheritance, AD 常染色体隐性遗传autosomal recessive inheritance, AR 场强叠加原理principle of superposition of field intensity 场源电荷charge of field source超变区hypervariable region超常期supernormal period超导电性superconductivity超短反响ultrashort loop feedback超二倍体hyperdiploid, 2n+超二级结构supersecondary structure超核小体颗粒supernucleosomal granule超活化巨噬细胞hyperactivated macrophage超基因supergene超极化hyperpolarization超家族superfamily超精细分裂hyperfine splitting超抗原super antigen, SAg超螺试管supersolenoid超敏性hypersensitivity超敏感位点hypersensitive site超声波ultrasonic wave超微结构ultramicroscopic structure,ultrastructure 超氧化，超氧负离子superoxide超氧化物歧化酶superoxide dismutase, SOD潮气量tidal volume, V T尘细胞dust cell沉淀precipitation沉淀法sedimentation method沉降系数sedimentation coefficient称码突变frame shift mutation成虫, 成年人adult成骨区zone of ossification成骨细胞osteoblast成骨作用ossification成冠,戴帽capping成节mature proglottid成人呼吸窘迫综合征adult respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS 成少突胶质细胞oligodendroblast成神经胶质细胞glioblast成神经细胞neuroblast成熟促进因子maturation promoting factor, MPF成熟分裂maturation division成熟卵泡mature follicle成熟面maturation face,mature face成纤维细胞fibroblast成纤维细胞生长因子fibroblast growth factor, FGF成星形胶质细胞astroblast成牙质细胞odontoblast成瘾性addiction成釉质细胞ameblast程序性细胞死亡,凋落,凋亡apoptosis缓和时间relaxation time迟发型子孢子bradysporozoite迟发性超敏反响delayed type hypersensitivity, DTH迟发性运动障碍tardive dyskinesia迟复制late replication迟后除极delayed afterdepolarization缓慢期lag phase持续时间persistent period持续性感染persistent infection尺侧腕屈肌flexor carpi ulnaris m.尺侧腕伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris m.尺动脉ulnar a.尺骨ulna尺神经ulnar n.齿状核dentate nucleus齿状线pectinate line耻骨pubis耻骨联合pubic symphysis赤道板equatorial plate充电charging充血hyperemia(congestion)充血期stage of congestion充血型心肌病congestive cardiomyopathy 充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure 充盈量filling volume充盈相filling phase充盈压filling pressure冲量，冲动impulse冲量矩moment of impulse虫媒疾病insect borne disease, arthropod borne disease 虫体抗原somatic antigen重叠感染superinfection重叠序列overlapping sequence重复duplication重复畸形double malformation重复序列repetitive sequence重接rejoin重排rearrangement重组DNA工艺学recombinant DNA technology重组DNA recombinant DNA重组合，基因重组recombination重组近交系recombinant inbred strain重组期recombination stage重组染色体recombinant chromosome重组细胞reconstitution cell重组小节recombination nodules出汗sweating出生率natality出生缺陷birth defect出血hemorrhage出血倾向bleeding tendency出血时间bleeding time出血性梗死hemorrhagic infarct出芽budding初长initial length初级不别离primary non disjunction初级骨化中心primary ossification center 初级骨髓primary bone marrow初级精母细胞primary spermatocyte初级淋巴组织primary lymphoid tissue初级卵母细胞primary oocyte初级卵泡期primary follicular phase初级卵泡primary follicle初级溶酶体primary lysosome初级性索primary sex cord初级缢痕centromere constriction初级止血反响primary hemostatic response 初始反响，初次应答primary response除(去)极化depolarization除极幅度depolarization amplitude除极相depolarization phase储藏受体spare receptor储藏细胞reserve cell处女膜hymen处女型Ｂ细胞virgin B cell搐搦tetany触觉小体tactile corpuscle触酶，过氧化氢酶catalase触手tentacle穿孔perforation穿孔蛋白，穿孔素perforin穿入penetration穿通管(V olkmann管) perforating canal穿通纤维(Sharpey纤维) perforating (Sharpey) fiber 传出神经系统efferent nervous system传出神经efferent nerve传出神经元efferent neuron传代培养subculture传导conduction传导麻醉conduction anaesthesia传导速度conduction velocity传导通路pathway传导性,电导率conductivity传导阻滞conduction block传递transmission传能线密度linear energy transfer, LET传染性肝炎infectious hepatitis传染性软疣molluscum contagiosum传入神经afferent nerve传入神经接替站relay station of afferent nerve 传入神经元afferent neuron创伤性休克traumatic shock创伤修复，愈合wound healing垂唇，口下板(昆虫) hypostome垂体hypophysis, pituitary垂体后叶素pituitrin垂体门静脉系统hypophyseal portal system 垂体细胞pituicyte垂体腺瘤pituitary adenoma垂体-肾上腺轴pituitary adrenal axis垂直vertical垂直传播vertical transmission垂直柱vertical column锤骨malleus纯合子homozygote唇裂cleft lip磁场magnetic field磁场强度magnetic field intensity磁畴magnetic domain磁导率，通透性permeability磁感应强度magnetic induction磁感应线magnetic induction line磁矩magnetic moment磁聚焦magnetic focusing磁量子数magnetic quantum number磁偶极子magnetic dipole磁通量magnetic flux磁旋比magnetogyric ratio雌二醇estradiol雌激素estrogen雌三醇estriol雌酮estrone雌性female雌原核female pronucleus次侧secondary aspect次黄嘌呤核苷酸inosine monophosphate, IMP次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(HGPRT) hypoxanthine guanine phosphori bosyl transferase次级不别离secondary non disjunction次级骨化中心secondary ossification center次级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte次级卵母细胞secondary oocyte次级卵泡secondary follicle次级卵泡期secondary follicular phase次级溶酶体secondary lysosome次级性索secondary sex cord次级缢痕，副缢痕secondary constriction次声波infrasonic wave刺激stimulus (stimuli)，stimulation刺激性感受器irritant receptor刺突，锋电位spike刺细胞cnidoblast从头合成de novo synthesis从性显性sex influenced dominance,sex controlled dominance丛密绒毛膜villous chorion粗肌丝thick filament粗面内质网rough endoplasmic reticulum, RER粗线期pachytene stage, pachynema促黑激素释放抑制因子melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibiting factor, MIF 促黑激素释放因子melanocyte stimulating hormone releasing factor, MRF促红细胞生成(因子)素erythropoiesis stimulating factor, ESF促红细胞生成素erythropoietin, EPO促甲状腺激素thyrotropin or thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH促甲状腺激素细胞thyrotroph, TSH cell促甲状腺素释放激素thyrotropin releasing hormone ,TRH促肾上腺皮质激素adrenal corticotropic hormone, ACTH促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素corticotropin releasing hormone, CRH 促肾上腺皮质激素细胞corticotroph, ACTH cell促生长素somatotropin促性腺激素细胞gonadotroph促性腺激素gonadotropin促性腺激素释放激素gonadotropin releasing hormone, GnRH促胰液素secretin促脂素lipotropin or lipotrophic hormone, LPH醋氨酚acetaminophen醋唑磺胺diamox猝灭quenching催产素oxytocin (pitocin)，ＯＸＴ催眠药hyponotics催乳激素mammotropin or prolactin,PRL催乳激素细胞mammotroph, prolactin cell催乳素释放抑制因子prolactin release inhibiting factor, PIF催乳素释放因子prolactin releasing factor, PRF 脆性X染色体综合征fragile X syndrome脆性部位fragile site存活分数CNN surviving fraction错义突变missense mutation大肠large intestine大肠艾希菌Escherichia coli, E coli大动脉large artery大多角骨trapezium大分生孢子macroconidium大沟major groove大黄属Rheum(officinale Baill)大〔家〕鼠属Genus rattus大胶质细胞macroglia大结节greater tubercle大结节性肝硬变macronodular cirrhosis大静脉large vein大颗粒淋巴细胞large granular lymphocyte, LGL 大脑半球cerebral hemisphere大脑动脉环cerebral arterial circle大脑后动脉posterior cerebral a.大脑脚cerebral peduncle大脑脚底basis pedunculi cerebralis大脑镰falx cerebri大脑皮层cerebral cortex大脑前动脉anterior cerebral a.大脑中动脉middle cerebral a.大配子体macrogametocyte大收肌adductor magnus m.大网膜greater omentum大循环或系统循环greater or systemic circulation 大亚单位(大亚基) large subunit大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia大阴唇labium majus大隐静脉great saphenous v.大转子greater trochanter呆小症,克汀病cretinism代偿compensation代偿间歇compensatory pause代偿性肺气肿compensatory emphysema代乳foster nursing代谢部位site of metabolism代谢调节metabolic regulation代谢库(池) metabolic pool代谢偶联metabolic coupling代谢物metabolite代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosis代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis代谢终产物end product of metabolism带虫免疫premunition带绦虫病taeniasis带型banding pattern丹伯磺酰氯,丹磺酰氯dansyl Cl丹佛体制Ｄenver system丹氏颗粒Dane s particle单胺monoamine单胺氧化酶monoamine oxidase, MAO单胺氧化酶抑制剂monoamine oxidase(MAO) inhibitor 单倍体haploid单侧肺不发生unilateral pulmonary agenesis单层(扁平)鳞状上皮simple squamous epithelium单层立方上皮simple cubidal epithelium单层上皮simple epithelium单层纤毛柱状上皮simple ciliated columnar epithelium 单层柱状上皮simple columnar epithelium单纯癌carcinoma simplex单纯蛋白质simple protein单纯疱疹病毒herpes simplex virus, HSV单纯型酸碱紊乱simple acid base disorder单核吞噬细胞系统mononuclear phagocyte system, MPS单核细胞monocyte单核细胞性血白病monocytic leukemia单基因病monogenic disease单级成神经细胞unipolar neuroblast单极神经元(假单极神经元) unipolar neuron (Ｐseudounipolar neuron) 单击多靶学说single hit multi target theory单加氧酶monooxygenase单加氧酶体系monooxygenase system单克隆monoclonal单克隆抗体monoclonal antibody单链构象多态性single strand conformation polymorphism, SSCP单球面折射refraction at a simple spherical surface单色辐射本领monochromatic emissive power单色吸收率monochromatic absorptivity单收缩single twitch单糖monosaccharide单体monomer单体型haplotype单体型分析haplotyping单体性monosomy单脱碘酶monodeiodinase单位膜unit membrane单位丝unit fiber单细胞腺unicellular gland单线态singletstate单腺simple gland单相动作电位monophasic action potential 单向琼脂扩散single agar diffusion单一序列unique sequence单轴晶体uniaxial crystal单作用子monocistron胆钙化醇(维生素D3) cholecalciferol胆固醇cholesterol胆固醇栓子cholesterol emboli胆固醇酯酶cholesteryl esterase胆管癌bile duct carcinoma胆红素bilirubin胆碱choline胆碱能的cholinergic胆碱能神经元cholinergic neuron胆碱能受体cholinoceptor胆碱能纤维cholinergic fiber胆碱受体cholinergic receptor胆碱乙酰转移酶cholinacetyltranslase胆碱酯酶cholinesterase胆碱酯酶复活药cholinesterase reactivator胆囊gall bladder胆囊动脉cystic a.胆囊管cystic duct胆囊收缩素cholecystokinin, CCK胆色素bile pigment胆素原肠肝循环entero hepatic bilinogen cycle 胆酸bile acids,cholic acid胆小管bile canaliculi胆汁bile胆汁性肝硬变biliary cirrhosis胆汁淤积cholestasis胆总管common bile duct淡色库蚊culex pipiens pallens蛋氨酸methionine蛋(甲硫)氨酸循环methionine cycle蛋白分泌细胞protein secreting cellG蛋白关联受体G protein linked receptor蛋白激酶Ｃprotein kinase C,PKC蛋白结合protein binding蛋白聚糖蛋白多糖proteoglycan PG蛋白酶protease proteinase蛋白膜albuminous coat蛋白尿proteinuria蛋白印迹试验Western blot蛋白质protein蛋白质C protein C蛋白质表达protein expression蛋白质的凝固作用protein coagulation蛋白质结絮作用protein flocculation蛋白质转换protein turnover蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用protein protein interaction 氮平衡nitrogen balance氮质血症azotemia,nitremia刀豆蛋白A concanavalin A, Con A导管duct导肽presequences,targeting sequence岛叶insula倒位invertion倒位重复顺序inverted repeat sequence倒置相差显微镜inverted phase contrast microscope 道尔顿分压公式Dalton law of partial pressure灯刷染色体lampbrush chromosome登革病毒dengue virus等臂染色体isochromosome等长调节homometic regulation等长收缩isometric contraction等电点isoelectric point, IP等价区equivalence zone等倾干预条纹equal inclination fringe等容过程isochoric process等容收缩相isovolumetric contraction phase等容舒张相isovolumetric relaxation phase等渗尿isosthenuria等渗性脱水isotonic dehydration等势面equipotential surface等位基因allele等位基因排斥allelic exclusion等温过程isothermal process等响曲线loudness contours等压过程isobaric process等张收缩isotonic contraction等张性低氧血症isotonic hypoxemia镫骨stapes低常期subnormal period低动力型休克hypodynamic shock低分化癌poor differentiated carcinoma低钾血症hypokalemia低磷酸盐血症hypophosphatemia低镁血症hypomagnesemia低密度脂蛋白low density lipoprotein, LDL 低凝状态hypocoagulability低色效应hypochromic effect低渗尿hypostheuria低渗性脱水hypotonic dehydration低输出量性心力衰竭low output heart failure 低位脑干low brain stem低血钙症hypocalcemia低血容性休克hypovolemic shock低血液动力性缺氧hypokinetic hypoxia低张性低氧血症hypotonic hypoxemia底板floor plate骶椎sacral vertebra骶丛sacral plexus骶骨sacrum骶子宫韧带uterosacral ligament骶棘韧带sacrospinous ligament骶结节韧带sacrotuberous ligament骶髂关节sacroiliac joint地尔硫NFDA1 diltiazem地方性甲状腺肿endemic goiter地高辛digoxin地卡因dicaine地塞米松dexamethasone地西泮diazepam地衣红orcein地中海贫血thalassemia递质transmitter第Ⅷ因子相关抗原factor Ⅷrelated antigen, FⅧ第二极体second polar body第二极体secondary polar body第二焦点secondary focal point第二焦距secondary focal length第二节点secondary nodal point第二期愈合second intention第二心音second heart sound第二信使second message,second messenger第二性征secondary sex characteristics第二主点secondary principal point第二主平面secondary principal plane第三脑室third ventricle第四脑室fourth ventricle第四脑室脉络丛choroid plexus of fourth ventricle 第一极体first polar body第一焦点primary focal point第一焦距primary focal length第一节点primary nodal point第一期愈合first intention第一心音first heart sound第一信使first messenger第一主点primary principal point第一主平面primary principal plane颠换transversion癫痫epilepsies癫痫持续状态status epilepticus癫痫发作epileptic seizures点突变point mutation点状桥粒spot desmosome碘iodine碘泵iodine pump碘化物iodide碘解磷定pralidoxime iodide碘染色法iodine staining碘乙酸iodoacetic acid电场electric field电场强度(场强) electric field intensity电穿孔electroporation电磁波谱electromagnetic spectrum电磁波electromagnetic wave电磁感应electromagnetic induction电磁振荡electromagnetic oscillation电导conductance电动势electromotive force电荷守恒定律law of conservation of charge电化学屏障electrochemical barrier电化学梯度electrochemical gradient电化学质子梯度electro chemical proton gradient 电极化率electric susceptibility电极electrode电解质electrolyte电介质(绝缘体) dielectric电介质的极化dielectric polarization电镜放射自显影术electron microscope autoradiography电镜细胞化学术electron microscope cytochemistry电离ionization电离比值specific ionization电离辐射的生物学效应biological effect of ionizing radiation 电离辐射ionizing radiation电离密度ionization density电力线electric lines of force电流electric current电流密度electric current density电流强度current intensity电偶极矩electric dipole moment电偶极子electric dipole电偶联electrical coupling电容capacity(capacitance)电容率(介电常量) permittivity (dielectric constant)电容器condenser〔capacitor〕电融合法electro fusion method电势electric potential电势差electric potential difference电势叠加原理principle of superposition of electric potential 电势能electric potential energy电势梯度矢量potential gradient电通量electric flux电突触electrical synapse电位移矢量electric displacement vector电休克发作electroshock seizure电压voltage电压门控离子通道voltage gated ion channel电压门控性通道voltage gated channel电压钳voltage clamp电压依赖性钙通道voltage dependent channel, VDC电泳率electrophoretic mobility电源power supply〔power source〕电子对生成electron pair production电子俘获electron capture电子透明electron lucent电子显微镜electron microscope, EM电子致密electron dense电子转移黄素蛋白electron transferring flavoprotein, ETFP 电子自旋共振electron spin resonance, ESR电阻率resistivity垫料bedding淀粉starch淀粉酶amylase淀粉样变性amyloid degeneration 叠氮脱氧胸苷azidothymidine, AZT 蝶骨sphenoid bone丁胺卡那霉素amikacin丁苯氧酸bumetanide丁达尔散射Tyndall scattering丁卡因tetracaine丁酰苯类butyrophenones耵聍腺ceruminous gland顶板roof plate顶盖tectum顶盖脊髓束tectospinal tract顶跟长crown heal length, CHL顶骨parietal bone顶极climax顶泌汗腺apocrine sweat gland顶体acrosome顶体反响acrosome reaction顶体酶acrosin顶突rostellum顶臀长crown rump length, CRL顶叶parietal lobe顶枕沟parieto occipital sulcus定态stationary state定向造血干细胞committed stem cell定向祖细胞committed progenitor定轴转动rotation around a fixed axis东莨菪碱scopolamine冬眠hibernation动合子ookinete动基体kinetoplast动静脉短路arteriovenous shunt动力蛋白,达因蛋白dynein动量momentum动量定理momentum theorem动量守恒定律law of conservation of momentum 动脉artery动脉导管ductus arteriosus动脉导管未闭patent ductus arteriosus动脉干truncus arteriosus。
优秀医学生必须掌握的医学英语基本词汇及汉语含义
优秀医学生必须掌握的医学英语基本词汇及汉语含义amino acid 氨基酸adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素(能)受体abdominal reflex 腹壁反射abdominal regions 腹部分区abdominal pressure 腹压abdominal pulse 腹主动脉搏动abortion 流产，坠胎Abrams’ heart reflex 艾布拉姆斯氏心反射，又称利维拉托（Livierato)反射。
刺激心前区皮肤引起心肌收缩，伴心浊音界缩小。
透视可见到心界缩小。
absolute temperature 绝对温度absorption 吸收acarid 螨accessory placenta 副胎盘accommodation of eye 眼调节acinar carcinoma 腺泡癌acne conglobata 聚会性痤疮[亦作conglobate acne]acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans 慢性萎缩性肢(端)皮炎active transport 主动转运acupuncture 针灸，针刺疗法acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis 急性出血性胰腺炎adaptation 适应adaptive enzyme 适应酶(inducible enzyme，induced enzyme诱导酶)adductor 内收肌adenosarcoma 腺肉瘤adnexitis (子宫)附件炎（=annexitis）adrenal cortex 肾上腺皮质adrenogenital syndrome 肾上腺性征异常征，肾上腺综合征，肾上腺生殖系综合征，伊森科-柯兴综合征aerosol 气雾剂，喷雾剂afferent loop syndrome 输入袢综合征agonist 激动剂，兴奋剂AIDS 艾滋病，爱滋病（Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合征）albinism 白化病，白化症allantois [胚] 尿囊，尿膜allele 等位基因allergy 过敏(症)，变态反应alopecia areata 斑秃，斑形脱发，局限性脱发alveolar duct emphysema 肺泡管性气肿alveolar ventilation 肺泡通气，alveolar ventilation-perfusion imbalance肺泡通气与血流比例失调Alzheimer’s disease 阿尔茨海默病，老年痴呆症，阿兹海默症amaurotic cat’s eye 黑蒙性猫眼amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术ampullary aneurysm 壶腹状动脉瘤, 囊状动脉瘤anaphase (细胞分裂)后期anastomosis 吻合(术)anesthesia 麻醉(anaesthesia)aneurysm 动脉瘤（aneurism）angina pectoris 心绞痛angiogram 血管造影片angiosarcoma 血管肉瘤Angle’s classification of malocclusion 安格氏矫正分类法（malocclusion 错位咬合，咬合不正）anneal 退火(核酸经退火后能与互补的核酸结合)anomalous uterus 异常子宫anoxia 缺氧(症)anteflexion (尤指子宫)前屈antegrade urography 顺行尿路造影(术)anthracosilicosis 煤矽肺，炭末石末沉着病[亦作 anthrasilicosis]antibiotic 抗生素antidepressant 抗抑郁剂(药)antigen 抗原antioncogene 抗癌基因aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄aperture diaphragm 光圈apex of heart 心尖(部位)Apgar score 阿普加(新生儿)评分appendix 阑尾arborvirus 虫媒病毒[蚊虫等节肢动物传染的病毒(脑炎、黄热病、登革热的病原体)]arches of the foot 足弓arcus aortae 主动脉弓areola 乳(房)晕, 色晕arterial arch of colon 结肠动脉弓arteriography 动脉造影术，动脉X线摄影，动脉搏描记法arteriovenous oxygen difference 动静脉氧差arthroplasty 关节成形术，关节造形术arthrosis 关节，关节病artificial pacemaker 人工(心脏)起搏器Ascaris lumbricoides 蛔虫ascending cervical artery 升颌动脉aspergilloma 曲霉菌球Aspergillus fumigatus 烟曲霉(菌)assisted reproductive technology ART，辅助生殖技术，人工生殖技术astigmatism 散光(亦作 astigmia)；像散性，像散现象astrocyte （脑和脊髓的)星形胶质细胞，星形细胞atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化；动脉硬化[复数atheroscleroses ]atrial septal defect (心)房中隔缺损atrial flutter 心房扑动atrial fibrillation 心房纤颤，房颤，心房纤维性颤动atrioventricular valve 房室瓣atrophic gastritis 萎缩性胃炎audiogram 听力图，听力敏度图，听阈曲线auditory pathway 听觉传导通路auscultation 听诊(法)autoantibody 自身抗体autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统，植物性神经系统autoplastic graft (=autograft) 自体移植物，自体组织移接，自体嫁接axon reflex 轴突反射azotemia 氮质血症baby 婴儿background radiation 本底辐射，背景辐射bacteriophage 噬菌体bacterium 细菌，杆菌属[ 复数bacteria ]Baker’s cyst 贝克氏囊肿(膝部囊肿，腘窝囊肿)barbiturate 巴比妥类药物(用作中枢神经系统抑制或安眠的药)，巴比妥酸盐Barrett’s syndrome Barrett's syndrome is a condition in which the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and saliva fro m the mouth to the stomach, forms new types of cells on its surface that are similar to those normally found in the intest ine.base pair 碱基对basilar lamina 基底，颅底，头盖骨底部basilar vertebra 基椎，末腰椎basophilia 嗜碱性，嗜碱细胞增多bilaminar blastoderm 二层胚盘bile 胆汁Billroth’s operation I Billroth's operation I is an operation in which the pylorus is removed and the distal stomach is anastomos ed directly to the duodenum.The operation is most closely associated with Theodor Billroth, but was first described by Polish surgeon Ludwik Rydigier.birth canal 产道bisalbuminemia 双白蛋白血症，副白蛋白血症，是一种较少见的常染色体不完全显性遗传性病，表现为白蛋白呈异常双峰现象(两峰高度大致相等，一峰为正常白蛋白，另一峰为变异白蛋白)bivalve speculum 双瓣窥器blastoderm 胚盘，胚层block vertebrae 阻滞椎，块状椎blood-brain barrier 血脑屏障blood pressure 血压blood plasma 血浆blow-out fracture 爆裂性骨折(尤指眶底)Bowditch’s law 鲍迪奇氏定律(心肌刺激定律，神经不疲劳性)Bracht maneuver Bracht手法，a method of extraction of the aftercoming head(后出胎头) in breech presentation(臀先露).breathing 呼吸bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchiolar carcinoma (细)支气管癌bronchiolitis (毛)细支气管炎bronchiole-alveolar carcinoma 细支气管-肺泡癌(起源于细支气管基底细胞或Ⅱ型肺泡细胞的恶性肿瘤) bronchogram 支气管造影片Bryant’s triangle 布莱恩特氏三角, 髂股三角burn 烧伤bypass 旁路，支路calcaneal tuber 跟结节calyx 盏，杯状结构capillary 毛细管capture-recapture method 【统计学】捕获-再捕获法，标记再捕法，捕捉—重捕方法carbon dioxide cycle 二氧化碳循环carcinoma 癌(在医学上专指由上皮组织来源的恶性肿瘤)carcinoma in situ 原位癌cardiac arrest 心搏停止，心脏停止跳动cardiac cycle 心动周期(从收缩经松弛再到下次收缩之全部过程)cardiomyopathy （尤指原发性的）心肌症cardiovascular system 心血管系统caries [单数复数同]龋齿，骨溃疡cavitas laryngis 喉腔CD4/CD8 count CD4/CD8计数cell 细胞，电池cell determination 细胞决定cell membrane 细胞膜cell marker 细胞标记物centroblast 生发中心母细胞cephalic presentation 头先露cerebellar cortex 小脑皮质，小脑皮层cerebellum 小脑cerebral hemorrhage (大)脑出血cerebral cortex 大脑皮层，小脑皮质cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液chamber （身体或器官内的）室chemoreceptor 化学感受器（=chemoceptor）cholangiography 胆管造影术cholecystitis 胆囊炎cholelithiasis 胆石症，胆结石chondrosarcoma 软骨肉瘤chromosome aberration 染色体畸变chromosome 染色体chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎cilia 纤毛，[单数cilium]ciliated epithelium 纤毛上皮circadian 生理节奏的，昼夜节律的，24小时作用(或循环)的 (指与地球24小时运转联系的新陈代谢、内分泌作用及睡眠等节奏有关的；此种节奏在高速宇宙航行中仍可能维持)circular anastomosis 环形吻合术circulus 圈；环 [复数circuli ]cirrhosis 硬化，肝硬化cisternal puncture 小脑延髓池穿刺cleavage 卵裂，分裂clinical epidemiology 临床流行病学clinical trial 临床试验(对一种新疗法的科学评估)cloning 克隆，无性繁殖closed chest massage 胸外心脏按摩Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌，产气荚膜杆菌，产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌，是一种革兰氏阳性梭状杆菌，能产生芽孢，并能形成特殊荚膜的专性厌氧菌cloverleaf skull 头颅畸形coagulopathy 凝血障碍coarctate retina 紧压性视网膜cochlear duct 耳蜗管，蜗管中道cochlear implant 人工耳(蜗)；耳蜗植入，耳蜗移植Cockayne’s syndrome 科凯恩综合征(特征为早老，视网膜退化，听力受损，皮肤光过敏)coenzyme A 辅酶 A [CoA]colon 结肠colony 菌落，集落color 颜色，脸色colposcopy 阴道镜comedo 粉刺，面疱[ 复数comedos或comedones ]Compton effect 康普顿效应（=Compton-Debye effect）computed tomography 计算机断层扫描（CT）conduction 传导conductive deafness 传导性失聪，传导性耳聋conduplicato corpore 胎体层迭cone 视锥(细胞)conization 锥形切除术conjoined twins 联胎，联体双胎，连体婴（= Siamese twins）conjugate 结合constipation 便秘consumption coagulopathy 消耗性凝血病contact lens (装在眼睑内的)隐形眼镜，接触透镜contact dermatitis 接触性皮炎contraction 收缩Coombs’test 抗人球蛋白试验，Coombs 试验，库姆试验coronary artery 冠状动脉coronary bypass 冠状动脉旁路手术，冠状动脉搭桥术costoclavicular syndrome 肋骨锁骨综合征，肋锁综合征(在锁骨与第一肋骨之间的间隙较小，在解剖上是一个弱点，其中通过到上肢的神经血管束。
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人体解剖生理学凝血blood coagulation止血hemostasis血红蛋白hemoglobin, Hb胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure血小板platelet血型blood group兴奋性excitability有效不应期effective refrectory period,ERP自律性autorhythmicity传导性conductivity血输出量cardiac output期前收缩premature systole心电图electrocardiogram微循环microcirculation顺应性compliance潮气量tidal volume，TV肺通气量ventilation volume呼吸respiratory肺泡表面活性物质pulmonary surfactant通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusion ratio消化digestion吸收absorption胃肠激素gastrointestinal hormone胃泌素gastrin胆盐的肠肝循环enterohepatic circulation of bile salt肝liver胰蛋白酶trypsin肾单位nephron肾kidney肾小球滤过glomerular filtration重吸收reabsorption分泌secretion肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 管-球平衡glomerulotubular balance感受器sensory receptor角膜cornea视网膜retina近视myopia夜盲症nyctalopia视野visual field甲状腺thyroid gland激素hormone远距分泌telecrine皮质醇cortisol胰岛pancreatic islet拮抗作用antagonism细胞膜cell membrane细胞器organelle内质网endoplasmic reticulum溶酶体lysosome线粒体mitochondria染色体chromosome细胞凋亡apoptosis上皮组织epithelia tissue结缔组织connective tissue软骨cartilage骨组织osseous tissue骨骼肌skeletal muscle心肌cardiac muscle平滑肌smooth muscle神经胶质细胞neuroglial cell神经纤维nerve fibril树突dendrite轴突axon郎飞结ranvier node被动转运passive transport单纯扩散simple diffusion易化扩散facilitated diffusion主动转运active transport入胞endocytosis出胞exocytosis动作电位action potential静息电位resting potential极化polarization局部电流local current神经肌接头neuromusclular junction 等长收缩isometric contraction等张收缩isotonic contraction灰质gray matter脊髓spinal cord脑encephalon延髓medulla oblongata脑桥pons中脑mesencephalon小脑cerebellum下丘脑hypothalamus大脑cerebrum大脑皮质cerebral cortex血脑屏障blood-brain barrier交感sympathetic轴浆运输axoplasmic trabsport神经冲动nerve implulse乙酰胆碱acetylcholine中枢抑制central inhition脑电图electroencephalogram条件反射conditioned reflex语言优势半球dominant hemisphere微生物球菌coccus杆菌bacillus螺形菌spiral bacterium肽聚糖peptidoglycan外膜outer membrane脂质A lipid A磷壁酸teichoic acid细菌L型bacterial L form胞质膜cytoplasmic membrane中介体mesosome质粒plasmid荚膜capsule荚膜肿胀反应quellung reaction菌毛pilus鞭毛flagellum芽胞spore热原质pyrogen毒素toxinendotoxin内毒素exotoxin外毒素消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization抑菌bacteriostasis防腐antisepsis无菌asepsis噬菌体bacteriophage毒性噬菌体lytic or virulentphage 温和噬菌体temperate phage溶原性噬菌体lysogenic phage前噬菌体prophage溶原性细菌lysogenic bacterium溶原性lysogeny溶原性转换lysogenic convereion溶原周期lysogenic cycle支原体mycoplasma衣原体chlamydiae立克次体rickettsia螺旋体spirochete真菌fungus菌丝hypha孢子spore病毒virus核衣壳nucleocapsid壳粒capsomer螺旋对称型helical symmetry二十面体立体对称型icosahedral symmetry 复合对称型complex symmetry包膜envelop包膜子粒peplomer刺突spike吸附和穿入adsorption and penetration脱壳uncoating生物合成biosynthesis组装成熟与释放assembly and release免疫固有免疫innate immunity适应性免疫adaptive immunity免疫防御immunity defence免疫监视immunity surveillance免疫应答immunity response免疫自身稳定immunity homeostasis骨髓bone marrow胸腺thymms淋巴结lymph node脾spleen淋巴细胞归巢lymphocyte homing淋巴细胞再循环lymphocyte recirculation 抗原antigen抗原决定簇antigenic determinant抗原结合价antigenic valence半抗原hapten变应原allergen耐受原tolerogen抗原表位epitope顺序抗原sequential epitope构象抗原comformational epitope佐剂adjuvant丝裂原mitoge抗体antibody免疫球蛋白immunoglobin补体complement细胞因子cytokine白细胞介素interleukin干扰素interferon肿瘤坏死因子tumor mecrosis factor集落刺激因子colony-stimulating factor趋化因子chemokine白细胞分化抗原leukocyte differentiation antigen细胞黏附因子cell adhesion molecules整合素integrin选择素selectin主要组织相容性复合体major histocompatibility complex 人白细胞抗原human leukocyte antigen克隆消除clone deleting受体编辑receptor editing失能anergy浆细胞plasma cell阳性选择positive selection初始T细胞native效应effector记忆memory抗原提呈细胞antigen-presenting cell树突状细胞denotritic cells单核细胞monocyte免疫突触immunogical synapse生发中心germinal center亲和力成熟affinity maturation类别转换class swithing吞噬细胞phagocyte中性粒细胞neutrophile巨噬细胞macrophage自然杀伤细胞natural killer肥大细胞mast cell嗜碱性粒细胞basophile嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophile超敏反应hypersensitivity 过敏反应anaphylaxis。