江财期末考试语文翻译
江西财经大学英语翻译(完整版)
Unit11、她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭啊。
（much less）She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner.2、他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。
（whereas）He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth.3、这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？（account for）How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week?4、他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。
（due to）The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.5、这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。
（result in ）Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.6、我们已经在这个人项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续.(pour into)We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on.Unit21、尽管她还是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。
（despite）Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, sheis never babied by her parents.2、迈克没来参加昨晚的晚会，也没有给我打电话做任何解释。
江西财经大学大学英语I(非涉外)试卷
江西财经大学现代经济管理学院第一学期期末考试试卷试卷代码：34052 授课课时：36课程名称：大学英语I（非涉外）适用对象：非涉外本科班试卷命题人：试卷审核人：___________Part I Vocabulary (1’×10=10’)Directions: Match the words with their definitions.____ 1. isolated ____ 2. misguided ____ 3. determine ____ 4. intimidate ____ 5. intact ____ 6. audible____ 7. sustenance ____ 8. absorbing ____ 9. cosmetics ____ 10. inspireA) a. complete and not damagedB) a. interesting and enjoyable and holding your attentionC) a. far away from other places, buildings, or people; remoteD) a. based on an incorrect ideaE) v. to give sb. the desire, confidence or enthusiasm to do something wellF) v. to decide firmly that something will be doneG) a. that can be heard clearlyH) n. the food and drink that people, animals and plants need to live and stay healthyI) n. substances that you put on your face or body in order to look more attractive J) v. to frighten or threaten somebody so that they will do what you wantPart II Reading Comprehension (40’)Section A (1’×10=10’)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 11 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 12 activity is known asbehavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 13 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that 14 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 15 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 16 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 17 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 18 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 19 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 20 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.Section B (1’×10=10’)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.The Art of FriendshipA)One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong -- my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful -- I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let me rant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That's when it started to dawn on me -- lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends -- women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the world a little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my ownsocial life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.C) After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when you're younger -- a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfortable around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danzig says.D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't run up to people the way my 4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. "You're asking, 'Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious."E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.F) We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests -- say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for -- become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In high school I chose friends based on their popularity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in -- or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'" she jokes. "I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. "I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become (or are still becoming) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.H) Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to issues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from work was exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.J) While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You "re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend (politely) if something she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks --she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative -- to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.21. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.22. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.23. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.24. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.25. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.26. In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your friends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.27. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under "stand her and erase her negative feeling.28. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities29. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.30. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.Section C (2’×10=20’)Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.One of the bitterest and most time-worm debates in student union bars up and down the country is resolved as academic research confirms that in financial terms at least, arts degrees are a complete waste of time. Getting through university boosts students’ earnings by 25%, on a weighted average, or $220，000 over their lifetime, according to Professor Ian Walker of Warwick University--but if they study Shakespeare or the peasants’ revolt instead of anatomy of contract law, those gains are likely to be completely wiped out.The government is about to allow universities to charge students up to $3，000 a year for their degrees, arguing that it’s a small price to pay compared with the financial rewards graduates reap later in life. But Prof. Walker’s research shows there are sharp variations in returns according to which subject a student takes.Law, medicine and economics or business are the most lucrative choices, making their average earnings 25% higher，according to the article, published in the office for national statistics’ monthly journal. Scientists get 10-15% extra. At the bottom of the list are arts subjects, which make only a “small” difference to earnings--a small negative one, in fact. Just ahead are degrees in education, which leave hard pressed teachers an average of 5% better off a year than if they had left school at 18.“It’s hard to resist the conclusion that what students learn does matter a lot; and some subject areas give more modest financial returns than others,” Prof. Walker said. As an economist, he was quick to point out that students might gain non-financial returns from arts degrees. “Studying economics might be very dull, for example, and studying post-modernism might be a lot of fun.”31.What is the best title for the passage?A. Professor Walker’s ResearchB. How to Make Big Money.C. Differences Between Science and Arts Degrees.D. Studying Arts Has Negative Financial Outcome.32. Universities charge students a rather high tuition mainly because_____.A. they provide the students with very prosperous subjects to learnB. they assume that their graduates can earn much more than they had paidC. they don‘t get financial support from the governmentD. they need much revenue to support the educational expenses33. The word “lucrative” (Line 1, Para. 3) most probably means _____.A. sensibleB. creativeC. profitableD. reliable34. Law, medical and business graduates could earn 25% more than ______.A. education graduatesB. arts graduatesC. those who had not studied at the universityD. the average income35. We can safely conclude that the author ______.A. regards arts degrees as meaninglessB. finds this result disappointing and unfairC. wants the students to think twice before they decide what to learn in collegeD. holds that arts degrees are still rewarding despite its scarce financial returnsPassage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Some radio signals were heard in 1967. They were coming from a point in the sky where there was unknown stars.They were coming very regularly, too: about once a second, if they were controlled by clock.The scientists who heard the signals did not tell anybody else. They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people. The signals were coming from a very small body--no bigger, perhaps, than the earth. Was that why no light could be seen from it? Or were the signals coming from a planet that belonged to some other star? There was no end to the questions, but the scientists kept the news secret. “Perhaps there are intelligent beings out there,” they thought. Who are trying to send messages to other planets, or to us? So the news was not given to the newspaper. Instead, the scientists studied the signals and searched for others like them...Well, all that happened in 1967 and 1968. Since then scientists have learnt more about those strange, regular, radio signals. And they have told the story, of course.The signals do not come from a planet; they come from a new kind of star called a “pulsar”. About a hundred other pulsars have now been found, and most of them are very like the first one.Pulsars are strong radio stars. They are the smallest but the heaviest stars we know at present. A handful of pulsar would weigh a few thousand tons. Their light--if they give much light--is too small for us to see. But we can be sure of this, no intelligent beings are living on them.36. The radio signals discussed in this passage____.A. were regularB. were controlled by a clockC. were heard in 1967 onlyD. were secret messages37. The radio signals were sent by____.A. a satelliteB. a planetC. a sky body which was unknown at that timeD. intelligent beings who were unknown at that time38. The scientists did not tell people about the signals because____.A. the signals stood for secret messagesB. people would ask them too many questionsC. they did not want to frighten peopleD. they stood for unimportant messages39. A pulsar is____.A. a small heavy star which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenB. a small heavy planet which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenC. a small heavy satellite which sends out strong radio signals and cannot beseenD. a small intelligent being who sends out strong radio signals and cannot beseen40. Which of the following is true?A. One of the pulsars found by scientists sends radio signals.B. Pulsar began to send radio signals in 1967.C. Scientists have searched for pulsars for many years but found none.D. Scientists have found many pulsars since 1967.Part III Translation (35’)Section A (5’×5 = 25’َ)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.41.学生的学习不应局限于课堂。
慕课江西财经大学翻译理论与实践
慕课江西财经大学翻译理论与实践第一章 1.1翻译的定义1.翻译就是指翻译行为。
（错）2.翻译按其工作方式分为口译和笔译。
（对）3.翻译还包括非言语符号翻译。
（对）4.翻译既是一门艺术，也是一门科学。
（对）1.2翻译的标准1.不同学者提出了不同的翻译标准。
（对）2.作为翻译标准的“信、达、雅”是严复提的。
（对）3.奈达提出等值翻译标准。
（对）4.傅雷提出了“神似”的翻译标准。
（对）1.3直译和意译1.直译和意译是最常用的两种翻译方法。
（对）2.直译是一种既重原文内容又重原文形式的翻译方法。
（对）3.所谓意译，指忠实于原文内容而不拘泥于原文句型结构、语法形式和修辞手法的翻译方法。
（对）1.4零译和加注法1.自从有翻译活动，就存在零翻译现象。
（对）2.零翻译亦称原形转译,是将原语符号原封不动地转入译语的特殊转译方式，所译对象包括语言符号和非语言符号。
（对）3.零翻译通常包括缩略语零翻译、词语零翻译、语句零翻译和语篇零翻译。
（对）1.5形译和解释性翻译1.形译，也称像译，指翻译时通过具体形象直接表达原义，实物形状由译语文字直接显示或由译语词语的主要义素间接显示（对）2.所谓字形翻译，是指原语的字形被等值的译语字形所替换。
（对）3.释义法实际上是一种意译法。
它是指抛弃原文的具体语言表达形式，采用解释性的方式来翻译原文的意思。
（对）1.6音译原则1.音译，顾名思义，就是照着原文的读音翻译。
（对）2.词语音译有利也有弊。
（对）3.有些缩略词语音译，具有用词精简而又指意明确的效果。
（对）慕课单元作业 1翻译下列句子，注意一词多义。
1.a soft aboveground launching site2.The record has been considered soft ever since it was set last May.3.The landing must be super-soft, made at a velocity of 18 miles or so an hour.4.Marijuanna is usually regarded as a soft drug.5.At this stage there is only soft intelligence about the enemy intention. We should not shoot him from the hip.6. It is not right for children to sit up late.7. The plane was right above our heads.8. In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed.9.She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.10. He is ill; that accounts for his absence.1.无坚固掩体的地面发射基地2.自从去年五月创造了这个纪录以来，这个纪录被认为是很容易被打破的。
江西财经大学大学语文试卷(三份)
江西财经大学现代经济管理学院第二学期期末考试试卷（A）试卷代码：授课课时：32课程名称：大学语文适用对象：本科试卷命题人：试卷审核人：一、翻译题（每句4分，共20分）1、山中人兮芳杜若，饮石泉兮荫松柏。
君思我兮然疑作。
2、都督阎公之雅望，棨戟遥临；宇文新州之懿范，襜帷暂驻。
3、今古河山无定据。
画角声中，牧马频来去。
4、原来姹紫嫣红开遍，似这般都付与断井颓垣。
5、子不尊先人于百无一人之上，而反贱之于举目皆是之中，过矣！二、默写题（每题2分，共10分）1、胡马依北风，。
相去日已远，。
2、行路难，行路难，多歧路，？长风破浪会有时，。
3、，渚清沙白鸟飞回。
，不尽长江滚滚来。
4、想佳人妆楼顒望，误几回，。
争知我，，正恁凝愁！5、半醒半醉日复日，。
但愿老死花酒间，。
三、问答题（以下五题任选四题做，每题7分，共28分）1、结合“靡室靡家，猃狁之故；不遑启居，猃狁之故”的《采薇》诗句，简要谈谈你对当兵服役、保家卫国的认识和看法。
2、《九歌》是一组什么性质的诗歌？山鬼是一个怎样的形象？3、苏轼《前赤壁赋》说：“且夫天地之间，物各有主，苟非吾之所有，虽一毫而莫取”，这种认识是否可取？为什么？4、赏析《葬花吟》，分析林黛玉的性格特征。
5、鲁迅小说《伤逝》中，涓生和子君爱情悲剧的原因和意义是什么？四、填空题（每题1分，共12分）1、《诗经》共分三大部分；艺术上主要采用的表现手法。
2、司马迁字子长，夏阳（今人），西汉著名的、文学家。
3、陶渊明字元亮，一说名字渊明。
浔阳柴桑（今江西九江）人。
早年做过江州祭酒、彭泽县令，后因厌恶官场污浊，辞官归隐，卒后友人私谥“”。
4、柳永原名，是北宋第一个专力作词的词人。
《八声甘州》是柳词中的名篇，这是一首词。
5、苏轼字子瞻，号。
他是宋代最著名的作家，皆独步一时。
6、辛弃疾是宋代词史上的派词人，其词集名称是《》。
7、《牡丹亭·惊梦》写女主人公偷游后花园，看见百花盛开、燕莺成对，于是青春觉醒，要求得到一个年轻女子应当得到的。
财大大学语文-翻译题
二、翻译题1．蒹葭萋萋,白露未晞。
所谓伊人,在水之湄。
译：芦苇繁茂摇曳，明亮的露珠依然凝结。
心中的那人，就在水之彼岸。
2．旌蔽日兮敌若云,矢交坠兮士争先。
译：旌旗遮住了太阳，敌人多如乌云，箭雨纷纷落地，战士们依然争先恐后往前冲。
3. 身既死兮神以灵，子魂魄兮为鬼雄。
译：身躯已死，灵魂长存，他们的魂魄是鬼中之雄。
4. 陈力就列，不能者止。
译：对就任的职位要尽力施展才能，不能忠于职守就放弃职位。
5．丘也闻有国有家者,不患寡而患不均,不患贫而患不安。
译：我听说诸侯大夫们不应担心国家人口减少、百姓生活贫困，应该担心百姓贫富是否均匀、国家是否安定。
6.寡人之于国也,尽心焉耳矣。
译：我对于治理国家所持的态度，在这上面真的是用尽心机啊。
7. 七十者衣帛食肉,黎民不饥不寒,然而不王者,未之有也。
译：七十岁以上的人能穿丝绸吃肉食，底层平民吃得饱穿的暖，国家还不兴旺发达，还没有听说过这样的事呢。
8．少仲尼之闻而轻伯夷之义。
译：认为孔子的学问少，认为伯夷的仁义轻。
9.计中国之在海内,不似稊米之在大仓乎?译：想想中原在四海之内的中央大陆上，不就像大仓库中的一粒小米那么微不足道吗？10．今京不度,非制也,君将不堪。
译：如今京（的城墙）超越尺度，不符合先王的礼制，大王您会受不了的。
11．君何患焉！若阙地与泉，隧而相见，其谁曰不然！译：您担忧什么呢！如果您（让人）挖地挖到有泉水的地方，筑一条隧道（和母亲）在隧道里相见，难道谁还会说您违背誓言？12．寡人闻之,毛羽不丰满者不可以高飞;文章不成者不可以诛罚;道德不厚者不可以使民;政教不顺者不可以烦大臣。
译：我听说有这样的道理：羽毛不丰满的鸟不能高飞；法令不完备的国家难以施行惩罚；德行不高的统治者不能够役使百姓；政治教化不曾修明的国君不可以烦劳大臣。
13．妻侧目而视,倾耳而听;嫂蛇行匍伏,四拜自跪而谢。
译：妻子躲闪着目光看着苏秦，凑过耳朵听苏秦说话；嫂嫂像蛇一样匍匐着爬过来，朝着四面八方跪拜道歉。
江西财经大学视听说4期末口语考试材料
A: On my way to school, I came across an old woman about 70 years old .The poor granny is abandoned by his kids.B: What a pity! I feel sympathy for the old granny. She can’t live in a comfortable house to enjoy family fun. And even worse, she is too old to make a living to live through in his later years of life.C: As matter of fact. The phenomenon has become so common. News related frequent taken place in our daily life.A: These deeds are indeed abnormal. We should blame those who don’t want to raise their parents.B: Sure, our parents give us life. Without their sacrifice, we cannot be who we are today. Parents are the most-qualified people to gain our respect and love.C: I agree with what you said very much. When we were infants. They give everything they had to us and whenever we need. They are always there. Now the rules have swapped. We grow up while they get old. We should take over the responsibility to raise them.A: yes, you’re right. We should enhance people’s awareness of respect and showing love for parents. But what we should do.B: I think we should “start from us”, inspire those who around us with what we do.A:Today,we will tell a story about the real courageA: A man was really worried about his son ,who was 16 years old but had no courage at all. So the father decided to call on a Buddhist monk to train his child .B:The buddhist monk said to the boy's father , "You should leave your son alone here. I'll make him into a real man within three months . However , you can't come to see him during this period."C:Three months later , the boy's father returned . The buddhist monk arranged a boxing match between the child and an experienced boxer.A:Each time the fighter struck the boy ,he fell down , but at once the boy stood up ; and each time a punch knocked him down again , then the boy stood up again . Several times later , the boddhist monk asked , "What do you think of your child?"B:"What a shame ! " The boy's father said ," I never thought he would be so easily knocked down. I needn't have him left here any longer . "C:" I 'm sorry that that's all you see . Don't you see that each time he falls down , but he stands up again instead of crying ? That's the kind of courage you wanted him to have ."A:If each time you are knocked down you have the courage to stand up again , and that is the real courageA: oh, we have just see your husband ,he is so handsomeB: Yes, I’m also jealous of his beauty. Is his appearance that attract you most?C:I admit that everyone likes the beautiful things and beautiful appearance is also a feast for th e eyes but it is not the first priority.B:I was just joking. the appearance is just a temporary impression. It is not beautiful appearance but love and support that last long and contribute to a happy marriage.A:As the saying goes, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. If you really love someone, you will feel that he or she is the most beautiful in the world. Is his knowledge that attract you most? C:He is actually a man of great learning. And it is the thing that attract me. But it’s also not the first priorityA:I Know. It must be characters. He is considerate.C:Yes,he know what I need. And he is good to me and my family.B:so ,congratulation to you find your Mr.RightA:It don’t enough. There must be some other thing that you fall in love with your husbandC:How smart you are. This is the sense of love. It can make you feel very warm. You can abandon anything for himB:As for a man ,a sense of responsibility is also essential to successful marriage.C:I’m sure he can give me a warm familyA:how lucky you are! Where is my Mr.RightA:Statistics show that stress comes from every detail in our life. Financial problems ，poor health ，being laid off may be the stress that most adults now suffering . As students in the university ，where is stress come from?B: Having to take various tests and submit a project against a deadlineC: Oh, the things make us feel stressed? I think it may be our parents’ greater expectations on us than we could reach.A:Ok,when we are likely to graduate later ,what other problems will also annoy us?B: I think we will worry a lot about our ability to compete in the job market and how we can best use what we’ve learned at college in our future job.A:People usually say they can not live in the sun except they escape from stress. What do you think of it?B: It’s unwelcome! However ,very necessary. Just imagine a world where stress does not exist and people lead their life in a very comfortable way, but is this kind of living condition as perfect as we hope?C:Without stress ,they may feel very satisfied with the current life but lack of power to discover new things.A:And our answer to stress is another vital problem. How to do with ourselves when stress suddenly breaks into our life? To wave the white flag or face up to it?B:We should try our best to release ourselves, such as to do some exercise ，to listen to music to ease our mindsC:learn to view these changes of life as challenges. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. Only to accept what has happened can solve the problem.In a word, face to it and overcome it ，stress is also a piece of cake.A: Environment is becoming a heat issue. All the developing and developed countries start to pay attention to protect environment from being polluted. Please tell me about the situation of our present surroundings.B: Nowadays, it is customary for us to see the seriously polluted river, to stand continual noise, to suffer heavy traffic and so on.C:It goes without saying that under the circumstances, our health condition is becoming worse and worse.A: Ok, what do you think of the reason why it become so serious?B:it refers to the factors of pollution. Since reforming and opening up to outside world of 1978, our national government prefer to emphasize economic development rather than environmental protection. such issue as clean air, pure water are not important public concerns.C:In addition, many relative environmental laws are so little publicized and so vaguely worded that their existence is hardly known and understood.A: What do you know about the measurements that have been taken by international society in recent years.B:every year many national leaders gather together to talk about environmental issues to sign some protocols, for example, Copenhagen protocols.C: There are many scientific research for new energy, so that we can reduce carbon emission. A:Lastly, what do you want to say about environment issue?B:we should protect the rivers and streams from excessive industrial pollution and to guard wildlife from being killed by man.If we continue destroying environment ,undoubtedly, we will be responsible for our unwise behavior.C:I don’t want to move to another planet!。
江西财经大学大学语文试题
我宿五松下，寂寥无所欢。田家秋作苦，邻女夜舂②寒。跪进雕胡 饭③，月光明素盘。令人惭漂母④，三谢不能餐。
[注释]①五松山，在今安徽铜陵县南。山下住着一位姓荀的农民老 妈妈。一天晚上，李白借宿在她家里，受到主人公诚挚的款待，这首诗 就是写当时的心情。②舂：把谷物的壳捣掉。③“雕胡”，就 是“菰”，俗称茭白，生在水中，秋天结实，称菰米，可以做饭，古人 当作美餐④据《史记·淮阴侯列传》记载：韩信小时候家里很穷，在淮 阴城下钓鱼，一个正在漂洗丝絮的老妈妈看见他很饥饿，便拿饭给他 吃，后来韩信被封为楚王，送给“一饭之恩”的漂母千金表示感谢。
。
二、词句解释（每题2分，共计10分）
1、溯游从之，宛在水中坻。
2、其隙也，则施施而行，漫漫而游。
3、都城过百雉，国之害也。
4、星分翼轸，地接衡庐。
5、哀吾生之须臾，羡长江之无穷。
三、阅读分析（阅读作品回答下列问题，共2题，计10分）
心灵的灰烬①
傅雷
聪，亲爱的孩子。收到九月二十二日晚发的第六信，很高兴。我们 并没为你前信感到什么烦恼或是不安。我在第八信中还对你预告，这种 精神消沉的情形，以后还是会有的。我是过来人，决不至于大惊小怪。 你也不必为此耽心，更不必硬压在肚里不告诉我们。心中的苦闷不在家 信中发泄，又哪里去发泄呢？孩子不向父母诉苦向谁诉呢？我们不来安 慰你，又该谁来安慰你呢？人一辈子都在高潮－低潮中浮沉，唯有庸碌 的人，生活才如死水一般；或者要有极高的修养，方能廓然无累，真正 的解脱。只要高潮不过分使你紧张，低潮不过分使你颓废，就好了。太 阳太强烈，会把五谷晒焦；雨水太猛，也会淹死庄稼。我们只求心理相 当平衡，不至于受伤而已。你也不是栽了筋斗爬不起来的人。我预料国 外这几年，对你整个的人也有很大的帮助。这次来信所说的痛苦，我都 理会得；我很同情，我愿意尽量安慰你，鼓励你。克利斯朵夫②不是经 过多少回这种情形吗？他不是一切艺术家的缩影与结晶吗？慢慢的你会 养成另外一种心情对付过去的事：就是能够想到从客观的立场分析前因 后果，做将来的借鉴，以免重蹈覆辙。一个人唯有敢于正视现实，正视 错误，用理智分析，彻底感悟；终不至于被回忆侵蚀。我相信你逐渐会 学会这一套，越来越坚强的。我以前在信中和你提过感情的ruin③，就 是要你把这些事当做心灵的灰烬看，看的时候当然不免感触万端，但不 要刻骨铬心的伤害自己，而要像对着古战场一般的存着凭吊的心怀。倘 若你认为这些话是对的，对你有些启发作用，那末将来在遇到因回忆而 痛苦的时候（那一定免不了会再来的），拿出这封信来重读几遍。
中南财经政法大学_口译_期末考试材料(英汉对照)
1.Olympic Games1.1.Jacques Rogge at Lenovo's TOP Agreement-Signing Ceremony1-2 Tony Blair's Olympic bidding speech1-3 北京申奥陈述-杨澜1-4 第58 届联大关于“体育促进和平与发展”的发言（教材）cation2-1 Welcome Speech by President Levin, Yale University2-2 胡锦涛主席在美国耶鲁大学的演讲（第四版Unit9 Text1）2-3 江主席在剑桥大学的演讲（高口第三版P142，第四版P129）3.Tourism3-1 Australia （高口第三版P97，第四版P96）3-2 Niagara Falls （高口第三版P217，第四版P192）3-3 Yellowstone Park （高口第三版P113，第四版P107）3-4 泰山（高口第三版P95，第四版P94）3-5 上海（高口第三版P165，第四版P152）3-6 张家界4.Economic Progress4-1 How Stable is the Global Economy4-2 The Real Great Leap（高口第三版P350，第四版P338）4-3 中国经济（高口第三版P346，第四版P347）5. E-commerce5-1 电子商务发展5-2 E-business （高口第三版P392，第四版P349）5-3 Information Economy（高口第三版P86，第四版P82）6. Shanghai Expo6-3 New Zealand Prime Minister7.Business Interview7-1 Interview of Mr. Charles McIntyre, President of GE7-2 IMF 总裁访谈8.Traditional Chinese Medicine8-1 TCM （高口第三版P307，第四版P273）8-2 中医（高口第三版P291，第四版P260）9.International Exhibition9-1 广交会概况。
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郑伯克段于鄢初，郑武公娶于申，曰武姜。
生庄公及共叔段。
庄公寤生，惊姜氏，故名曰寤生，遂恶之。
爱共叔段，欲立之。
亟请于武公，公弗许。
及庄公即位，为之请制。
公曰：“制，岩邑也，虢叔死焉，佗邑唯命。
”请京，使居之，谓之京城大叔。
祭仲曰：“都城过百雉，国之害也。
先王之制：大都不过叁国之一，中五之一，小九之一。
今京不度，非制也，君将不堪。
”公曰：“姜氏欲之，焉辟害？”对曰：“姜氏何厌之有？不如早为之所，无使滋蔓，蔓难图也。
蔓草犹不可除，况君之宠弟乎？”公曰：“多行不义必自毙，子姑待之。
”既而大叔命西鄙、北鄙贰于己。
公子吕曰：“国不堪贰，君将若之何？欲与大叔，臣请事之；若弗与，则请除之。
无生民心。
”公曰：“无庸，将自及。
”大叔又收贰以为己邑，至于廪延。
子封曰：“可矣，厚将得众。
”公曰：“不义不昵，厚将崩。
”大叔完聚，缮甲兵，具卒乘，将袭郑。
夫人将启之。
公闻其期，曰：“可矣！”命子封帅车二百乘以伐京。
京叛大叔须段，段入于鄢，公伐诸鄢。
五月辛丑，大叔出奔共。
书曰：“郑伯克段于鄢。
”段不弟，故不言弟；如二君，故曰克；称郑伯，讥失教也；谓之郑志。
不言出奔，难之也。
遂置姜氏于城颖，而誓之白：“不及黄泉，无相见也。
”既而悔之。
颖考叔为颖谷封人，闻之，有献于公，公赐之食，食舍肉。
公问之，对曰：“小人有母，皆尝小人之食矣，未尝君之羹，请以遗之。
”公曰：“尔有母遗，?我独无！”颖考叔曰：“敢问何谓也？”公语之故，且告之悔。
对曰：“君何患焉？若阙地及泉，隧而相见，其谁曰不然？”公从之。
公入而赋：“大隧之中，其乐也融融！”姜出而赋：“大隧之外，其乐也泄泄。
”遂为母子如初。
君子曰：“颖考叔，纯孝也，爱其母，施及庄公。
《诗》曰：‘孝子不匮，永锡尔类。
’其是之谓乎。
”当初，郑武公娶了申国国君的女儿为妻，叫做武姜；生下了庄公和公叔段。
庄公脚在前倒生下来，使姜氏受了惊吓所以取名叫'窹生'，武姜因此讨厌庄公。
武姜疼爱共叔段，想立他为太子，多次向武公请求，武公都没有答应。
等到庄公当上了郑国国君，武姜为共叔段请求把制这个地方作为他的封地。
庄公说："制是个险要的城邑，从前虢叔就死在那里，如果要别的地方，我都答应。
"武姜又为共叔段请求京这个地方，庄公就让共叔段住在那里，称他为"京城太叔"。
祭仲说："都城超过了三百丈，就会成为国家的祸害。
按先王的规定，大的都城面积不能超过国都的三分之一。
中等的不超过五分之一，小的不超过九分之一。
现在的京邑，大小不合法度，违反了先王的制度，这会使您受不了。
"庄公回答说；"姜氏要这么做我怎能避开这祸害呢？"祭仲说道："姜氏有什么可满足呢？不如趁早给他另外安排个容易控制的地方，不让他的势力蔓延。
如果蔓延开来，就难于对付了。
蔓长的野草都除不掉，更何况是您受宠的兄弟呢？"庄公说："干多了不仁义的事情，必定会自取灭亡，您姑且看着吧。
"不久之后，太叔命令西边和北边的边邑也同时归他管辖。
公子吕说："一个国家不能容纳两个君王，您打算怎么办？如果您想把国家交给大叔，就请允许我去事奉他；如果不给，就请陈掉他，不要使百姓产生二心。
"庄公说："用不着，他会祸及自己。
随后，太叔又把双方共管的边邑收归自己，一直把邑地扩张到了廪延。
公子吕说："可以动手了。
他占多了地方就会得到百姓拥护。
"庄公说："不行仁义就不会有人亲近，地方再大也会崩溃。
"太叔修建城地，聚集百姓，修整铠甲，制造武器，训练步兵，修造战车，要偷袭郑国国都。
武姜打算为他打开城门作内应。
庄公得知了太叔偷袭的日期，说：“可以动手了！”"他命令公子吕率领二百辆战车去攻打京邑。
京邑百姓背叛了共叔段，共叔段逃到了鄢地，庄公又攻打鄢。
五月二十三日，共叔段逃奔去了共国。
于是庄公把武姜安置到城颖，并向她发誓说："不到地下黄泉，永远不再见面。
"不久他又后悔这么说。
考叔当时是颖谷管理疆界的官员，他听说了这件事，就送了些礼物给庄公。
庄公请他吃饭，他却把肉放在一旁不吃。
庄公问他为什么，颖考叔回答说："我有个母亲，我的饭食她都吃过，就是从未吃过君王的肉羹，请允许我拿回去给她。
"庄公说："你有母亲可以送东西给她，唯独我没有！"颖考叔说："请允许我大胆地问一下，这话是什么意思呢？"庄公把心理后悔的事告诉了他。
颖考叔说："君王您担忧什么呢？如果掘地见水，打成隧道去见面，那谁能说这不是黄泉相见？"庄公听从了颖考叔的话去做。
庄公进入隧道，赋诗说："隧道当中，心里和乐自得！"武姜走出隧道，赋诗说："隧道之外，心中快乐自在！"于是，母子关系又与从前一样和睦了。
君子说："颖考叔真是个孝子。
他爱自己的母亲，还影响了郑庄公。
《诗·大雅·既醉》说：'孝子德行无穷，永久能分给同类。
'大概说的就是这样吧！"始得西山宴游记柳宗元游，日与其徒上高山，入深林，穷回溪，幽泉怪石，无远不到。
到则披草而坐，倾壶而醉；醉则更相枕以卧，卧而梦，意有所极，梦自余为僇(lù)人,居是州,恒惴(zhuì)栗(lì)。
其隙（xì）也，则施施（yíyí)而行，漫漫而亦同趣；觉而起，起而归；以为凡是州之山水有异态者，皆我有也，而未始知西山之怪特。
今年九月二十八日，因坐法华西亭，望西山，始指异之。
遂命仆人过湘江，缘染溪，斫（zhuó)榛莽，焚茅茷(fá)，穷山之高而止。
攀援而登，箕踞而遨，则凡数州之土壤，皆在衽(rân)席之下。
其高下之势，岈（yā）然洼然，若垤(diã)若穴，尺寸千里，攒(cuán)蹙(cù)累积，莫得遁隐；萦青缭白，外与天际，四望如一。
然后知是山之特立，不与培塿(lǒu)为类。
悠悠乎与颢（hào）气俱，而莫得其涯；洋洋乎与造物者游，而不知其所穷。
引觞（shāng）满酌，颓然就醉，不知日之入。
苍然暮色，自远而至，至无所见，而犹不欲归。
心凝形释，与万化冥合。
然后知吾向之未始游，游于是乎始。
故为之文以志。
是岁，元和四年也。
自从我成为被贬受辱的人，就居住在永州，常常忧惧不安。
公务之余，就缓步行走，没有目的地出游，每天与自己的随从爬高山、钻深林，走到迂回曲折的山间小溪，只要有幽泉怪石，无论多远，没有不到的。
到了就拨开杂草坐下，倾尽壶中的酒。
喝的大醉。
喝醉后便相互枕靠着睡在地上，躺下就做梦。
心中想到了哪里，梦也就做到那里。
醒来之后就回家。
我原以为永州山水中稍有特异地方，都已被我游览了，而未曾知道还有个奇异独特的西山。
今年九月二十八日，由于坐在法华寺西亭，遥望西山，指点并感到奇特。
我于是带着仆人越过湘江，沿染溪而行，砍去杂乱丛生的草木，烧掉茂盛的茅草，不达到西山之巅决不罢休。
攀援着树枝爬上山顶，两腿叉开，席地而坐，几乎几个州的土地都聚集在我的座下。
它高处之下的地势，（高的地方）像深山一样深邃，（低的地方）像深池一样低陷，有的像是蚁穴外隆起的小土堆，有的像是蚂蚁洞，千里之遥如在尺寸之间，聚集收拢，重叠到一起，没有逃脱隐藏的。
萦回着青山，缭绕着白云，与遥远的天际相接，环看周围，浑然一体。
看了这些，才知道这座山确实特立不群，与一般的小土丘大不一样。
不知不觉中我仿佛遨游于无边无际的天地宇宙之间，与浩渺广大的自然之气合而为一。
我于是拿起酒壶,斟满酒杯，畅怀痛饮，醉倒在地，不觉间日薄西山。
苍茫暮色，自远而近，慢慢地天黑得什么也看不见了，而我却了无归意。
精神凝聚安定，形体得到解脱，和万物的变化暗暗相合，我这才认识到过去等于没有游览，真正的游览从此（时）开始。
所以我特意把这件事记下来。
这一年是元和四年（809年）。
祭欧阳文忠公文人的力量能够做到的事情，还不一定成功，何况天理渺茫不可捉摸，又怎么能把它推测知晓呢！夫事有人力之可致，犹不可期，况乎天理之溟漠，又安可得而推！先生生时，闻名于当代；先生死后，有著述流传后世。
有这样的成就已经可以了，我们还有什么可悲切的呢！先生具有那样深厚的气质，高远的见识，加以精微的学术功力，因此作为文章，发为议论，豪放、强劲，英俊、奇伟，神奇、巧妙、灿烂、美好。
在心胸中的才力，浩大有如江水的积储；发为文章，明亮有如日月的光辉。
清亮幽雅的韵调，凄凄切切如急雨飘风的突然来到；雄伟宏广的文辞，明快敏捷如轻车骏马的奔驰。
世上的学者，不问他是否熟识先生，只要读到他的著作，就能知道他的为人。
惟公生有闻于当时，死有传于后世，苟能如此足矣，而亦又何悲！如公器质之深厚，知识之高远，而辅学术之精微，故充于文章，见于议论，豪健俊伟，怪巧瑰琦。
其积于中者，浩如江河之停蓄；其发于外者，烂如日月之光辉。
其清音幽韵，凄如飘风急雨之骤至；其雄辞闳辩，快如轻车骏马之奔驰。
世之学者，无问识与不识，而读其文，则其人可知。
唉！先生做官四十年来，升升降降，调出调进，使人感到这世上道路的崎岖不平。
虽然处境艰难困苦，到边远州郡流放，但到底不会埋没无闻，因为是是非非，自有公论。
既经压抑，再又起用，就名闻全国。
先生果敢刚正的气节，到老年还是保持不衰。
呜呼！自公仕宦四十年，上下往复，感世路之崎岖；虽屯邅困踬，窜斥流离，而终不可掩者，以其公议之是非。
既压复起，遂显于世；果敢之气，刚正之节，至晚而不衰。
当仁宗皇帝在朝的最后几年，考虑到他身后的事情，曾经说过，象先生这样的人才，可以把国家的前途委托。
后来确定方针，从容行动，当机立断，辅助今上即位，真可说是千载难逢的大事一朝决定。
功成名就，不自居有功而请求退职，从出任官职，到居家隐处，这样的英灵，想决不会随着躯体消灭，而长留在箕山之旁与颍水之滨。
方仁宗皇帝临朝之末年，顾念后事，谓如公者，可寄以社稷之安危；及夫发谋决策，从容指顾，立定大计，谓千载而一时。
功名成就，不居而去，其出处进退，又庶乎英魄灵气，不随异物腐散，而长在乎箕山之侧与颖水之湄。
现今全国上下的人士，都在为先生的逝去而哭泣哽咽，何况我是同朝的士大夫，长期交游往来，失去的并且又是我向来仰慕而亲近的人呢！然天下之无贤不肖，且犹为涕泣而歔欷。
而况朝士大夫，平昔游从，又予心之所向慕而瞻依！啊！事物兴盛衰废的规律，自古以来就是如此，而伫立风中怀念，情感上不能忘却，就是因为想的学者，不问他是否熟识先生，只要读到他的著作，就能知道他的为人。
呜呼！盛衰兴废之理，自古如此，而临风想望，不能忘情者，念公之不可复见而其谁与归！戊午上高宗封事我恭谨地考察过：王伦本来是一个行为轻薄奸邪的小人，街市上的狡诈之徒，前不久因宰相秦桧没有眼力，竟推举他出使金国。