在职硕士英语考试2019试卷
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题答案及详解共15页
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1．C解析：语义逻辑题。
第一句含义是“古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”，第二句意思是“但是一些人提出相反的意见，轻笑可能对身体健康影响极小”，两句之间是转折关系，A、B、C、D四个选项中只有C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正确选项。
2．D解析：语义辨析题。
上下文语境是“笑确实能短期的改变”。
A. reflect“反映”，B. demand“要求”，C. indicate“表明，暗示”，D. produce“产生”，只有D 选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。
3．B解析：语义搭配题。
文中提到“笑能够心律呼吸速率。
” A. stabilizing 意思是“安定，稳定”，B. boosting“促进，推进”，C. impairing“损害，削弱”，D. determining“决定”，根据语境应该是“笑能够促进心律呼吸速率”，B为正确答案。
4．B解析：语义辨析题。
这句话意思是“但是因为大笑很难，一次狂笑不可能……”，四个选项的含义分别是 A. transmit “传播”，B. sustain“维持”，C. evaluate “评估”，D. observe“观察”，根据语境，只有B. sustain符合语境。
5．A解析：语义辨析题。
这句话意思是“一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生益处。
” A. measurable“重大的，重要的”，B. manageable“易控制的”，C. affordable“负担得起的”，D. renewable“可再生的”，四个选项中能和“益处”搭配的只有A. measurable，故是正确答案。
6．B解析：逻辑分析题。
第二段第一句是说“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是起到了……作用”，对上文有承接还有转折的关系，A. In turn 意思是“轮流”，C. In addition是“另外”，D. In brief 意思是“简而言之”，都不符合语境，只有B. In fact“事实上”符合上下文语境，是正确选项。
在职研究生考试(英语)试题
在职研究生考试(英语)试题2019年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试英语试卷Paper One Part I Oral Communication (10 points) Section A Directions: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneA. It's the other man I'm talking aboutB. They had been in there for about 5 minutesC. I thought you said there were three men Burney: There were two men, I think. No, three. They ran into the bank and the one with the gunme all your money” and the other one - Police officer:_____1______? Burney: No, there were two men and a girl. ___2___the one carrying the suitcase,well, he goes up to the other guy - Police officer: The one with the gun? Burney: Yes, and he opens the suitcase and the cashier, well, she - well, all the other people behind the window - they hand over piles of money and two men put it into the suitcase and they run out. It was l:35._____3_____ Dialogue TwoA. They still make movies like thatB. I like a good storyC. People today don't like that Speaker A: I like watching old movies and I think they are the best. Speaker B: I agree with you, even though they're in black and white. I think a good story is more important than color. Speaker A: And there was no violence in old movies. Speaker B: No, therewasn't._____4_____. Speaker A: They like lots of action. Speaker B: ____5____. Speaker A: I like to see actors who are like real people. Speaker B: Like real people with real problems. Speaker A: ___6____.Speaker B: Yes, but they never make much money.，the tall one, he runs up to the window, and starts shouting something, I don't know, “GiveSection B Directions: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A. I do a lot of my shopping on the net nowB. I do a lot of research on the Internet tooC. I document everythingD. Of course they mail their friends endlessly Interviewer: Ms. Chen, can you tell us which pieces of technology are important to you? Interviewee:Three things: my Sharp laptop; my iphone 5; and my Olympus digitalcamera.____7___: the kids, art, buildings, clothes, scenes that catch my eye as I walk past. Interviewer: What do you use your computer for? Interviewee: Well, I send emails all the time. But I do a lot of my designwork on screen now and I can send my ideas straight to directors and producers.___8____- there are some fantastic sites around now. Interviewer: Who uses the computer at home? Interviewee: The kids use the computer all the time at home.___9___ - and on top of that they're always texting on their mobilephones! They play computer games when they think I or their father aren't looking! They don't like doing homework, of course, but there are some really good revision sites on the Internet. ___10___- 15 minutes for a whole supermarketPart I I Vocabulary (10 points) Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from thefour choices marked A, B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 11. His poor performance may beattributed to the lack of motivation.A. taken forB. viewed asC. caused byD. focused on 12. The new cut in interest rate is meant to promote domestic investment. A. advertise B.publicize C. encourage D. obtain 13. Conditions for the growth of this plantare optimum in early summer. A. most desirable B. most favorite C. most expressive D. most acceptable 14. She often says her greatest happinessconsists in helping the disadvantaged children.A. relies onB. lies inC. is composed ofD. is proportionate to 15. Now and in the future, we will live as free people, not in fear and never at the mercy of any foreign powers.A. under the control ofB. in the interestC. at the cost ofD. for the sake of 16. Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends how aggressively producers market it .A. effectivelyB. efficientlyC. rigorouslyD. vigorously17. Many New England communities do not permit the construction of a “modernist” building, lest it alter their overall architectural integrity.A. in spite thatB. in case thatC. for fear thatD. in order that 18. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.A. presentationB. expressionC. imaginationD. impression 19. Television commercial have been under constant scrutiny for the last few years.A. pressureB. attackC. examinationD. reflection 20. The mayor has spent a handsome amount of time in his last tern working to bring down the tax rate .A. considerableB. moderateC. sufficientD. plenty Part III Reading Comprehension (25 points) Section A Directions: In this section, there arefour passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Passage OneCheating is nothing new, But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent–and are less likely to be punished–than in thepast.Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike.Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows .Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today's youth. Others have attributed increased cheating to the fact that today's youth are far more pragmatic(，实用主义，的)than their more idealistic predecessors. Whereas in thelate sixties and early seventiesstudents were filled with visions about changing the worldtoday‟s students feel great pressure to conform and succeed.In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had become easy. Some suggestedthey did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked atit as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty. “People are competitive,” said a second-year college student named Anna,from Chicago. There's an underlying fear. If you don't do well, your life is going to be ruined. The pressure is not only form parents and friends but from oneself. To achieve .To succeed. It‟s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals.Edward Wynne, a magazine editor, blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitantto take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo. sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. “I wouldcheat if I felt I was being cheated,” Mr. Huber said. He feels that as longas teachers gives short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can put information together, students will try to beat the system. “The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individual who are doing it,” he said.“That's too easy an answer. We've got to start looking at the system.”21. Educators are finding that students who cheat_______.A. are more likely to be punished than beforeB. have poor academic recordsC. are not only those academically weakD. tend to be dishonest in later years 22. According to the passage, whichof the following statements is true?A. Students' cheating has deep social roots.B. Students do not cheat on essay tests.C. Reform in the testing system will eliminate cheating.D. Punishment is an effective method to stop cheating. 23. Which of the following points of view would Mr. Huber agree with?A. Punishment for cheaters should be severe in this country.B. Parents must take responsibility for the rise in cheating.C. Cheating would be reduced through an educational reform.D. Students who cheat should be expelled from school.24. The expression “the individuals” (the last paragraph) refers to________.A. parentsB. teachersC. school administratorsD. students who cheat 25. The passage mainly discusses_______.A. the decline of moral standards of today's youthB. people's tolerance of students' cheatingC. ways to eliminate academic dishonestyD. factors leading to academic dishonestyPassage TwoOf all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans aren‟t so good at money-management. We take out home loans we can'tafford. We run up sky-high credit-card debt. We don't save nearly enough for retirement. In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewed enthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are adding money-management courses to their curriculums. The Treasury and Education departments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March.Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates –but chances forlong-term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidencethat traditional efforts to boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom. Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how well students learn about things such as budgeting, credit cards, insurance and investments. A recent survey of college students conducted forthe JumpStart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy found that studentswho'd had a personal-finance or money-management course in high school scored no better than those who hadn't.“We need to figure out how to do this the right way,” says Lewis Mandell, a professor at the University of Washington who after 15 years of studying financial-literacy programs has come to the conclusion that current methodsdon't work. A growing number of researchers and educators agree that a more radical approach is needed. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, putting real money and spending decisions into kids' hands and talking openly about the emotions and social influences tied to how we spend.Other initiatives are tacking such real-world issues as the commercial and social pressures that affect purchasing decisions. Why exactly do you want those expensive brand-name shoes so badly? “It takes confidence t o take a stand and to think differently,” says Jeroo Billimoria, founder of Aflatoun,a nonprofit whose curriculum, used in more than 30 countries, aims to helpkids get a leg up in their financial lives. “This goes beyond money and savings.” 26. The finan cial-literacy education is intended to________.A. increase Americans' awareness of the financial crisisB. renew Americans' enthusiasm about money-managementC. enable Americans to manage money wiselyD. help Americans to overcome the financial crisis 27. According to the author, the National Financial Capability Challenge will be_______.A. rewardingB. ineffectiveC. well-receivedD. costly 28. By saying thatA. has been regarded as imaginativeB. has received much criticismC. has gone through financial difficultiesD. has been more and more popular 29. Lewis Mandell suggests that weshould figure out how to ________.A. carry out financial-literacy education properlyB. manage money in a more efficient wayC. help students score better in money-management coursesD. improve the social awareness of financial education 30. JerooBillimoria is most likely to agree that commercial and social pressures make one's purchasing decisions________.A. difficultB. acceptableC. unwiseD. feasiblePassage ThreeThe American public's obsession with dieting has led to one of the most dangerous health misconceptions of all times. Many television ads, movies, magazine articles, and diet-food product labels would have consumers believe that carbohydrates (碳水化合物) are bad for the human body and that those who eat them will quickly become overweight. We are advised to avoid foods such as potatoes, rice and white bread and opt for meats and vegetables instead. Some companies promote this idea to encourage consumers to buy their“carb-free” food products. But the truth is, the human body needs carbohydrates tofunction properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but is exhausted of this dietary element is not in good shape after all.Most foods that we consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice are loaded with carbohydrates. Contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates have many health benefits; some fight diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and others help to prevent cancer and stroke. Cutting these foods out of your diet may deprive your body of the many health benefits of carbohydrates.One of the best benefits of carbohydrates is their ability to help to maintain the health of our organs, tissues, and cells. Scientific studies have shown that one type of carbohydrate called fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. Carbohydrates also containantioxidants (er.This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely of carbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthy bodies. But carbohydrates certainly should not be avoided altogether. In fact, the food pyramid, the recommended basis of a healthy diet, shows that a person should consume six to eleven servings of breads and grains, as well as three to four servings each of fruits andvegetables - all carbohydrate-containing foods. It is easy to see why cutting carbohydrates out of a person's diet is not a good idea.The only way to know what is truly healthy for your own body is to talk to a nutritionist or dietician, who can help you choose foods that are right for you as well as guide you toward a proper exercise program for weight loss, or muscle gain. These professionals will never tell you to cut out carbohydrates entirely! The bottom line: listen to the experts, not the advertisers!31. As is used in Paragraph l, the word “exhausted” most possiblymeans______A. starvingB. startledC. deprivedD. derived 抗氧化剂) , which protect the body's cells from harmful particles with the potential to cause canc32. According to the author, advertisers who sell “carb-free”products_______A. are not telling the truthB. value consumers' well-beingC. are responsible for obesityD. offer healthy options 33. Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of carbohydrates?A. Prevention of cancer.B. Prevention of stroke.C. Prevention of heart disease.D. Prevention of fiber reduction. 34. It can be inferred from the passage that a healthy diet .A. contains equal amounts of carbohydrates and proteinsB. is low in carbohydrates and high in proteins and fatsC. is balanced between carbohydrates, and proteins and fatsD. needs enough proteins but no fat for us to maintain energy 35. The main purpose of the passage is to .A. explain how to live a healthy lifeB. describe the variety of carbohydratesC. advocate a healthy dietD. promote more physical exercise Passage FourLast week, I read a story about a 34-year-old British woman who is extremely afraid of metal forks. She's been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a plate gives her a panic attack.Strange, right? But she's not alone. While popular phobias(恐惧症) about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous.While some phobias might seem a bit silly, they can cause seriousemotional distress. My co-worker Magda is terrified of pigeons, a phobia thatis taking over her life. She won't walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these “rats with wings” finds its way onto the platform. Another friend is disgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it. So where does an irrational fear of cheese come from?Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusual anxieties over time?Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightened of elevators. There was no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces, but something about elevators makes me nervous. And so, when my boyfriend andI found ourselves trapped in an elevator last year - because these sorts of things always happen eventually- I was anticipating the worst.While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we “take advantage of the situation,”I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the whole facing my worst nightmare thing. However, after the fear subsided(消退)I realized that, yes, this was my greatest fear come true, and yet - it wasn't all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, but terrifying? Not so much. Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process, but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on. 36. The 34-year-old British woman is extremely afraid of metal forks becauseA. she is afraid that they may hurt herB. she couldn't bear their sound on plateC. she has been injured by them beforeD. she has never used them before37. The phrase “rats with wings” (Para. 3) refers to______A. exotic ratsB. devilsC. strange birdsD. pigeons 38. The author's fear of elevators is theresult of_______A. her terrible experienceB. her dislike of being in closed spacesC. her nervousness of being aloneD. her phobia for no reason 39. After the fear subsided, the authorrealized that______A. it was not as horrible as she had thoughtB. an elevator ride could be excitingC. she could have had a good time with her boyfriendD. her boyfriend's help was important 40. The purpose for the author to share her experience is to_______A. explain why people have strange fearsB. introduce what strange fears people haveC. encourage people to overcome their fearsD. illustrate conquering a fear can be difficult Section B Directions: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and markyour answer on the Answer Sheet. One of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children's education: meeting with teachers, volunteering at school, helping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few working parents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that few parents stop to ask whether they‟re worth the effort.Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of how parental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L. Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn‟t.The researchers combed through nearly three decades' worth of surveys of American parents and tracked 63 different measures of parental participationin kids' academic lives, from helping them with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexed these measures tochildren's academic performance, including test scores in reading and math.What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even tobackfire(反) -regardless of a parent's race, class, or level of education.Do you review your daughter's homework every night? Robinson and Harris's data show that this won‟t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school.While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find a handful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids (fewer than half of whom are read to daily) and talking with teenagers about college plans. But these interventions don't take place at school or in the presence of teachers, where policymakers have the most influence - they take place at home. Comment 1:Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids. Persistent parental involvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents want consciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parents sooner than otherwise. Comment 2:It also depends on the kid. Emotional and social maturity have a lot to do with success in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by high school, but that doesn't mean they are ready for college or the work place. Comment 3:The article doesn't clearly define “helping,” but I understood it as actually assisting children in the exercises (e.g. helping them to solve a math problem) and/or reviewing their work for accuracy rather than simply making sure they've completed their work. I think the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no study would discour适得其age parents from monitoring their children's performance!41. The word“they” (Para. l) refers to .A. valuesB. obligationsC. studiesD. principles42. What is the main conclusion of the Robinson and Harris‟s study?A. Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.B. Schools should communicate with parents regularly.C. The kids of more-involved parents improve over time.D. Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children. 43. Comment1 suggests that .A. parents may influence children's thinkingB. persistent parental involvement is a mustC. parents should leave their children aloneD. kids should be kids after all 44. The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree that .A. social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in lifeB. high school is often boring in the U.S.C. high intelligence does not guarantee successD. getting ready for college is an emotional process 45. Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper?A. Assisting kids in their exercises.B. Making sure kids have finished their workC. Reviewing kids' homework for accuracy.D. Monitoring kids' class performance. Part IV Cloze (10 points) Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked, A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Ironically, a study finds that we‟re awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate. We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive, expensive, and sentimental. We imagine the look of happiness and surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel 47 . But there‟s something that the most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.49 , practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things 50 great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. They communicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care? Often, no. “Gift receivers would be 51 if givers gave them exactly what they requested 52 . attempting to be …thoughtful and considerate‟by buying gifts they did not explicitly request” to surprise them, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the costof a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the 54 of the coffee maker). Across several experiments, they find that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility.46. A. have opened B. opened C. to open D. opening47. A. in place B. in return C. in person D. in turn48. A. Why B. How C. Whether D. When49. A. In many ways B. In many cases C. To be sure D. To sum up50. A. make for B. take up C. work out D. lead to51. A. happy B. surprised C. happier D. more surprised52. A. as to B. but for C. regardless of D. rather than53. A. select B. measure C. decide D. classify54. A. cost B. ease C. look D. quality55. A. nevertheless B. continuously C. unexpectedly D. whereas Part V Text Completion (20 points)Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions(Ranging from 56 to75).Above each text there are three or fourphrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Text One A. sending B. as well as C. beyondPhrases:A. 56 the reach of most AmericansB. 57 young people to collegeC. 58 the wages of average familiesA research group in California has released aA. that the companies that 62 want moneyB. that could be spent 63C. and understandably 64Children are a special target of advertisers, 65 . Young people are shopping and spending more than ever before. Researchers suggest that children who are highly involved in consumer culture are more prone to childhood depression and anxiety and have worse relationships with their parents. They said:Text Three A. between B. imitateC. accelerateD. otherwisePhrases:A. enabling the bird to 68B. it 69 couldC. would be difficult to 70D. from 71 its feathersThe emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate the bird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times faster than 72 . How? Marine biologists have suggested that it does soby releasing tiny air bubbles 73 .As these bubbles are released, the reduce friction on the surface of the penguin's wings, 74 .Interestingly, engineers have been studying ways to make ships go fasterby using bubbles to reduce friction against their hulls (“the complexity of pengui n‟s wings 75 .” Paper Two Part VI Translation (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write youranswer on the Answer Sheet. The social costs of unemployment go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made by the government. Unemployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary - that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys. Butfuturologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology means there船身) . However, researchers acknowledge that further investigation is challenging because They also suggest that family shouldwatch very little television. You can fill the time 67 with other activities, such as reading and playing games together.will be a simple net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done.大学毕业时，小刘决定不找工作，他默默地从事起了网络翻译工作。
在职研究生考试(英语)试题
在职研究生考试(英语)试题2019年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试英语试卷Paper One Part I Oral Communication (10 points) Section A Directions: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneA. It's the other man I'm talking aboutB. They had been in there for about 5 minutesC. I thought you said there were three men Burney: There were two men, I think. No, three. They ran into the bank and the one with the gunme all your money” and the other one - Police officer:_____1______? Burney: No, there were two men and a girl. ___2___the one carrying the suitcase,well, he goes up to the other guy - Police officer: The one with the gun? Burney: Yes, and he opens the suitcase and the cashier, well, she - well, all the other people behind the window - they hand over piles of money and two men put it into the suitcase and they run out. It was l:35._____3_____ Dialogue TwoA. They still make movies like thatB. I like a good storyC. People today don't like that Speaker A: I like watching old movies and I think they are the best. Speaker B: I agree with you, even though they're in black and white. I think a good story is more important than color. Speaker A: And there was no violence in old movies. Speaker B: No, therewasn't._____4_____. Speaker A: They like lots of action. Speaker B: ____5____. Speaker A: I like to see actors who are like real people. Speaker B: Like real people with real problems. Speaker A: ___6____.Speaker B: Yes, but they never make much money.，the tall one, he runs up to the window, and starts shouting something, I don't know, “GiveSection B Directions: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A. I do a lot of my shopping on the net nowB. I do a lot of research on the Internet tooC. I document everythingD. Of course they mail their friends endlessly Interviewer: Ms. Chen, can you tell us which pieces of technology are important to you? Interviewee:Three things: my Sharp laptop; my iphone 5; and my Olympus digitalcamera.____7___: the kids, art, buildings, clothes, scenes that catch my eye as I walk past. Interviewer: What do you use your computer for? Interviewee: Well, I send emails all the time. But I do a lot of my designwork on screen now and I can send my ideas straight to directors and producers.___8____- there are some fantastic sites around now. Interviewer: Who uses the computer at home? Interviewee: The kids use the computer all the time at home.___9___ - and on top of that they're always texting on their mobilephones! They play computer games when they think I or their father aren't looking! They don't like doing homework, of course, but there are some really good revision sites on the Internet. ___10___- 15 minutes for a whole supermarketPart I I Vocabulary (10 points) Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from thefour choices marked A, B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 11. His poor performance may beattributed to the lack of motivation.A. taken forB. viewed asC. caused byD. focused on 12. The new cut in interest rate is meant to promote domestic investment. A. advertise B.publicize C. encourage D. obtain 13. Conditions for the growth of this plantare optimum in early summer. A. most desirable B. most favorite C. most expressive D. most acceptable 14. She often says her greatest happinessconsists in helping the disadvantaged children.A. relies onB. lies inC. is composed ofD. is proportionate to 15. Now and in the future, we will live as free people, not in fear and never at the mercy of any foreign powers.A. under the control ofB. in the interestC. at the cost ofD. for the sake of 16. Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends how aggressively producers market it .A. effectivelyB. efficientlyC. rigorouslyD. vigorously17. Many New England communities do not permit the construction of a “modernist” building, lest it alter their overall architectural integrity.A. in spite thatB. in case thatC. for fear thatD. in order that 18. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.A. presentationB. expressionC. imaginationD. impression 19. Television commercial have been under constant scrutiny for the last few years.A. pressureB. attackC. examinationD. reflection 20. The mayor has spent a handsome amount of time in his last tern working to bring down the tax rate .A. considerableB. moderateC. sufficientD. plenty Part III Reading Comprehension (25 points) Section A Directions: In this section, there arefour passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Passage OneCheating is nothing new, But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent–and are less likely to be punished–than in thepast.Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike.Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows .Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today's youth. Others have attributed increased cheating to the fact that today's youth are far more pragmatic(，实用主义，的)than their more idealistic predecessors. Whereas in thelate sixties and early seventiesstudents were filled with visions about changing the worldtoday‟s students feel great pressure to conform and succeed.In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had become easy. Some suggestedthey did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked atit as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty. “People are competitive,” said a second-year college student named Anna,from Chicago. There's an underlying fear. If you don't do well, your life is going to be ruined. The pressure is not only form parents and friends but from oneself. To achieve .To succeed. It‟s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals.Edward Wynne, a magazine editor, blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitantto take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo. sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. “I wouldcheat if I felt I was being cheated,” Mr. Huber said. He feels that as longas teachers gives short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can put information together, students will try to beat the system. “The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individual who are doing it,” he said.“That's too easy an answer. We've got to start looking at the system.”21. Educators are finding that students who cheat_______.A. are more likely to be punished than beforeB. have poor academic recordsC. are not only those academically weakD. tend to be dishonest in later years 22. According to the passage, whichof the following statements is true?A. Students' cheating has deep social roots.B. Students do not cheat on essay tests.C. Reform in the testing system will eliminate cheating.D. Punishment is an effective method to stop cheating. 23. Which of the following points of view would Mr. Huber agree with?A. Punishment for cheaters should be severe in this country.B. Parents must take responsibility for the rise in cheating.C. Cheating would be reduced through an educational reform.D. Students who cheat should be expelled from school.24. The expression “the individuals” (the last paragraph) refers to________.A. parentsB. teachersC. school administratorsD. students who cheat 25. The passage mainly discusses_______.A. the decline of moral standards of today's youthB. people's tolerance of students' cheatingC. ways to eliminate academic dishonestyD. factors leading to academic dishonestyPassage TwoOf all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans aren‟t so good at money-management. We take out home loans we can'tafford. We run up sky-high credit-card debt. We don't save nearly enough for retirement. In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewed enthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are adding money-management courses to their curriculums. The Treasury and Education departments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March.Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates –but chances forlong-term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidencethat traditional efforts to boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom. Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how well students learn about things such as budgeting, credit cards, insurance and investments. A recent survey of college students conducted forthe JumpStart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy found that studentswho'd had a personal-finance or money-management course in high school scored no better than those who hadn't.“We need to figure out how to do this the right way,” says Lewis Mandell, a professor at the University of Washington who after 15 years of studying financial-literacy programs has come to the conclusion that current methodsdon't work. A growing number of researchers and educators agree that a more radical approach is needed. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, putting real money and spending decisions into kids' hands and talking openly about the emotions and social influences tied to how we spend.Other initiatives are tacking such real-world issues as the commercial and social pressures that affect purchasing decisions. Why exactly do you want those expensive brand-name shoes so badly? “It takes confidence t o take a stand and to think differently,” says Jeroo Billimoria, founder of Aflatoun,a nonprofit whose curriculum, used in more than 30 countries, aims to helpkids get a leg up in their financial lives. “This goes beyond money and savings.” 26. The finan cial-literacy education is intended to________.A. increase Americans' awareness of the financial crisisB. renew Americans' enthusiasm about money-managementC. enable Americans to manage money wiselyD. help Americans to overcome the financial crisis 27. According to the author, the National Financial Capability Challenge will be_______.A. rewardingB. ineffectiveC. well-receivedD. costly 28. By saying thatA. has been regarded as imaginativeB. has received much criticismC. has gone through financial difficultiesD. has been more and more popular 29. Lewis Mandell suggests that weshould figure out how to ________.A. carry out financial-literacy education properlyB. manage money in a more efficient wayC. help students score better in money-management coursesD. improve the social awareness of financial education 30. JerooBillimoria is most likely to agree that commercial and social pressures make one's purchasing decisions________.A. difficultB. acceptableC. unwiseD. feasiblePassage ThreeThe American public's obsession with dieting has led to one of the most dangerous health misconceptions of all times. Many television ads, movies, magazine articles, and diet-food product labels would have consumers believe that carbohydrates (碳水化合物) are bad for the human body and that those who eat them will quickly become overweight. We are advised to avoid foods such as potatoes, rice and white bread and opt for meats and vegetables instead. Some companies promote this idea to encourage consumers to buy their“carb-free” food products. But the truth is, the human body needs carbohydrates tofunction properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but is exhausted of this dietary element is not in good shape after all.Most foods that we consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice are loaded with carbohydrates. Contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates have many health benefits; some fight diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and others help to prevent cancer and stroke. Cutting these foods out of your diet may deprive your body of the many health benefits of carbohydrates.One of the best benefits of carbohydrates is their ability to help to maintain the health of our organs, tissues, and cells. Scientific studies have shown that one type of carbohydrate called fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. Carbohydrates also containantioxidants (er.This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely of carbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthy bodies. But carbohydrates certainly should not be avoided altogether. In fact, the food pyramid, the recommended basis of a healthy diet, shows that a person should consume six to eleven servings of breads and grains, as well as three to four servings each of fruits andvegetables - all carbohydrate-containing foods. It is easy to see why cutting carbohydrates out of a person's diet is not a good idea.The only way to know what is truly healthy for your own body is to talk to a nutritionist or dietician, who can help you choose foods that are right for you as well as guide you toward a proper exercise program for weight loss, or muscle gain. These professionals will never tell you to cut out carbohydrates entirely! The bottom line: listen to the experts, not the advertisers!31. As is used in Paragraph l, the word “exhausted” most possiblymeans______A. starvingB. startledC. deprivedD. derived 抗氧化剂) , which protect the body's cells from harmful particles with the potential to cause canc32. According to the author, advertisers who sell “carb-free”products_______A. are not telling the truthB. value consumers' well-beingC. are responsible for obesityD. offer healthy options 33. Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of carbohydrates?A. Prevention of cancer.B. Prevention of stroke.C. Prevention of heart disease.D. Prevention of fiber reduction. 34. It can be inferred from the passage that a healthy diet .A. contains equal amounts of carbohydrates and proteinsB. is low in carbohydrates and high in proteins and fatsC. is balanced between carbohydrates, and proteins and fatsD. needs enough proteins but no fat for us to maintain energy 35. The main purpose of the passage is to .A. explain how to live a healthy lifeB. describe the variety of carbohydratesC. advocate a healthy dietD. promote more physical exercise Passage FourLast week, I read a story about a 34-year-old British woman who is extremely afraid of metal forks. She's been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a plate gives her a panic attack.Strange, right? But she's not alone. While popular phobias(恐惧症) about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous.While some phobias might seem a bit silly, they can cause seriousemotional distress. My co-worker Magda is terrified of pigeons, a phobia thatis taking over her life. She won't walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these “rats with wings” finds its way onto the platform. Another friend is disgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it. So where does an irrational fear of cheese come from?Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusual anxieties over time?Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightened of elevators. There was no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces, but something about elevators makes me nervous. And so, when my boyfriend andI found ourselves trapped in an elevator last year - because these sorts of things always happen eventually- I was anticipating the worst.While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we “take advantage of the situation,”I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the whole facing my worst nightmare thing. However, after the fear subsided(消退)I realized that, yes, this was my greatest fear come true, and yet - it wasn't all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, but terrifying? Not so much. Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process, but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on. 36. The 34-year-old British woman is extremely afraid of metal forks becauseA. she is afraid that they may hurt herB. she couldn't bear their sound on plateC. she has been injured by them beforeD. she has never used them before37. The phrase “rats with wings” (Para. 3) refers to______A. exotic ratsB. devilsC. strange birdsD. pigeons 38. The author's fear of elevators is theresult of_______A. her terrible experienceB. her dislike of being in closed spacesC. her nervousness of being aloneD. her phobia for no reason 39. After the fear subsided, the authorrealized that______A. it was not as horrible as she had thoughtB. an elevator ride could be excitingC. she could have had a good time with her boyfriendD. her boyfriend's help was important 40. The purpose for the author to share her experience is to_______A. explain why people have strange fearsB. introduce what strange fears people haveC. encourage people to overcome their fearsD. illustrate conquering a fear can be difficult Section B Directions: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and markyour answer on the Answer Sheet. One of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children's education: meeting with teachers, volunteering at school, helping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few working parents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that few parents stop to ask whether they‟re worth the effort.Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of how parental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L. Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn‟t.The researchers combed through nearly three decades' worth of surveys of American parents and tracked 63 different measures of parental participationin kids' academic lives, from helping them with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexed these measures tochildren's academic performance, including test scores in reading and math.What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even tobackfire(反) -regardless of a parent's race, class, or level of education.Do you review your daughter's homework every night? Robinson and Harris's data show that this won‟t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school.While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find a handful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids (fewer than half of whom are read to daily) and talking with teenagers about college plans. But these interventions don't take place at school or in the presence of teachers, where policymakers have the most influence - they take place at home. Comment 1:Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids. Persistent parental involvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents want consciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parents sooner than otherwise. Comment 2:It also depends on the kid. Emotional and social maturity have a lot to do with success in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by high school, but that doesn't mean they are ready for college or the work place. Comment 3:The article doesn't clearly define “helping,” but I understood it as actually assisting children in the exercises (e.g. helping them to solve a math problem) and/or reviewing their work for accuracy rather than simply making sure they've completed their work. I think the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no study would discour适得其age parents from monitoring their children's performance!41. The word“they” (Para. l) refers to .A. valuesB. obligationsC. studiesD. principles42. What is the main conclusion of the Robinson and Harris‟s study?A. Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.B. Schools should communicate with parents regularly.C. The kids of more-involved parents improve over time.D. Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children. 43. Comment1 suggests that .A. parents may influence children's thinkingB. persistent parental involvement is a mustC. parents should leave their children aloneD. kids should be kids after all 44. The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree that .A. social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in lifeB. high school is often boring in the U.S.C. high intelligence does not guarantee successD. getting ready for college is an emotional process 45. Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper?A. Assisting kids in their exercises.B. Making sure kids have finished their workC. Reviewing kids' homework for accuracy.D. Monitoring kids' class performance. Part IV Cloze (10 points) Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked, A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Ironically, a study finds that we‟re awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate. We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive, expensive, and sentimental. We imagine the look of happiness and surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel 47 . But there‟s something that the most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.49 , practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things 50 great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. They communicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care? Often, no. “Gift receivers would be 51 if givers gave them exactly what they requested 52 . attempting to be …thoughtful and considerate‟by buying gifts they did not explicitly request” to surprise them, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the costof a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the 54 of the coffee maker). Across several experiments, they find that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility.46. A. have opened B. opened C. to open D. opening47. A. in place B. in return C. in person D. in turn48. A. Why B. How C. Whether D. When49. A. In many ways B. In many cases C. To be sure D. To sum up50. A. make for B. take up C. work out D. lead to51. A. happy B. surprised C. happier D. more surprised52. A. as to B. but for C. regardless of D. rather than53. A. select B. measure C. decide D. classify54. A. cost B. ease C. look D. quality55. A. nevertheless B. continuously C. unexpectedly D. whereas Part V Text Completion (20 points)Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions(Ranging from 56 to75).Above each text there are three or fourphrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Text One A. sending B. as well as C. beyondPhrases:A. 56 the reach of most AmericansB. 57 young people to collegeC. 58 the wages of average familiesA research group in California has released aA. that the companies that 62 want moneyB. that could be spent 63C. and understandably 64Children are a special target of advertisers, 65 . Young people are shopping and spending more than ever before. Researchers suggest that children who are highly involved in consumer culture are more prone to childhood depression and anxiety and have worse relationships with their parents. They said:Text Three A. between B. imitateC. accelerateD. otherwisePhrases:A. enabling the bird to 68B. it 69 couldC. would be difficult to 70D. from 71 its feathersThe emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate the bird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times faster than 72 . How? Marine biologists have suggested that it does soby releasing tiny air bubbles 73 .As these bubbles are released, the reduce friction on the surface of the penguin's wings, 74 .Interestingly, engineers have been studying ways to make ships go fasterby using bubbles to reduce friction against their hulls (“the complexity of pengui n‟s wings 75 .” Paper Two Part VI Translation (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write youranswer on the Answer Sheet. The social costs of unemployment go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made by the government. Unemployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary - that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys. Butfuturologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology means there船身) . However, researchers acknowledge that further investigation is challenging because They also suggest that family shouldwatch very little television. You can fill the time 67 with other activities, such as reading and playing games together.will be a simple net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done.大学毕业时，小刘决定不找工作，他默默地从事起了网络翻译工作。
2019年mba联考英语真题试卷及答案
2019年管理类专业硕士学位联考英语真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark,orDonANSWERSHEET.(10p oints) Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.1,wh endonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysically activetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofm usclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.That conflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.Ialsofoundweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccu rate6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticesign ificantchangesinweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllev el,strengthandincheslost.Forthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal, itislessimportantformeto11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneed to13mytrainingprogram.Ialsousemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutri tionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI’mconsta ntly15anddroppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.IamexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningwei i’vealsoexperienc greatersuccessigh-n.I ed nachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals ,19I’mtrainingaccording tothosegoals,insteadofnumbersonascale.Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothesfitandyouroveral lenergylevel.1.2.A.cares3.4.5.6.7.of from with to8.9.10.11.12.of onto for on13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingbeloweachpassagebychoosing fourA,B,passages.Cor D.AnswertheMarkyourquestionsanswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethat suchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends–andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.I tis deeplyuncomfortable—it’stheemotionalequivalentofwear ingjacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevival rarethinkingaboutw hatguilt sandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”saysAmrishVaish,addi ngthatthisrevivalispartof alargerrecognitionthatemot ionsaren’tbinary—feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulin another.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhav eevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappiness(thinkmania)canbedestructi ve.A ndguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodne ss,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelation ships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelphold acooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialgl ue.Vie wed nthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalt i,psychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,sugg eststhatguilt maycompensatefor anemotionaldeficiency.Inanumbe rofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationan dshar ing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencing moreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andv iceversa:Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.Ina2014study,forexample,Maltiandacolleaguelookedat244children,ages4,8,ingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,theyratedeach child’soverallsympat hylevel andhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotions( likeguiltandsadness)aftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedstickersandchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwith ananonymouschild. For the low-sympathy kids, howmuch they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feelguilty. Theguilt-prone ones shared more, eventhoughtheyhadn ’t magicallybecomemoresympathetictotheother child’sdeprivation.“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecause ofourempatheticproclivity,orbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret. ”21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp.A.regulateachild’sbasicemotionsB.improveach ild ’sintellectual abilityC.intensifyachild’spositive feelingsD.fosterachild’smoraldevelopment22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillguilttobe .A.deceptiveB.addictive C.burdensomeD.inexcusable23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat. anemotioncanplayopposingroles emotionsaresociallyconstructive emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealthemotionsarecontext-independent24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing . mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction canresultfromeithersympathyorguiltA.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts25.The word“transgressions”(line4para5)isclosestinmeaning .A .wr ong doings B.discussions C.restrictions D.teachingstoText2Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthe fight against climate change. Even as we humanscount on foreststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,weare threatening their ability to doso. The climate changeweare hasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbon thantheyabsorb.Thank fully,thereis awayoutofthistrap--butitinvo lvesstriking asubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvalu able"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytosequestercarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.T he state’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortst o thinoutyoungtreesandclearbrush npartsoftheforest.T histemporarilylowers carbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingt reesdrawgreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfr omthea ir.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandsca peisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2 010,droughtandinsectshavekilledmorethan100milliontreesi n California,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfires havescorchedhundredsofthousandsofacre s.Calif ornia’splanenvisionstreating35,000acresofforest ay earby2020,and60,000by2030--financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That'sonlyasmallshare ofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,anhalfamillionacresi nall,soitwillbeimportanttoprioritizeareasatgreatestrisk offireordrought.T he strategyalsoaims oensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfrom theforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehic lesthatwouldotherwiserunonfo ssilf uels,orusedincompostoranimalfeed.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.State governments are well accustomedto managingforests, buttraditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunitiesforrecreation. Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethe vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governorearlynextyear,shouldserveasamodel.26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenge s,”theauthorimpliesthat.A.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreatB.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarmingC.extremeweatherconditionsmayariseD.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable “carbonsinks,”wemayneed to.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacitystrikeabalanceamongdifferentplantsacceleratethegrowthofyoungtreespreservethediversityofspeciesinthem28.California ’sForestCarbonPlanendeavors tocultivatemoredrought-resistanttreesfindmoreeffectivewaystokillinsectsreducethedensityofsomeofitsforestsrestoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires29.Whatis essentialtoCalifornia ’splanaccordingtoparagraph 5Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020TohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirstToperfecttheemissions-permitauctionsA.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport30.Theauthor’sattitudetoCaliforniadescribedas’splancanbestbe.A.ambiguousB.tolerantC.cautiousD.supportiveText3Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyearsnow.Thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workersvisa thatwould enable foreign workers to stay longer in the. and changejobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses,communitiesandconsumerswillbethelosers.Per hapshalfof.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfew ersuchworkersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagricu lturalworkforcearechanging.Today’sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico ,aremorelikelytobesettled,rat herthanmigrating,andmorelikelytobemarried thansingle.Theyarealsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropwork erswereovertheageof35.Now,morethanhalfare.Andcroppickingishardonolderbodies.Oneoft-debatedcureforthislab orshortageremainsasimplausibleasithasbeenallalong:Native.workerswo n’tbe returningtothefarm.Mechaniza tionisnottheanswereither—notyetatleast.Produc tionofcorn,cotton,rice,soybeansandwheathavebeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,labor-intensivecrops,sucha s strawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,whererobotscurren tlydoonlyasmallshareofmilking,have alongwaytogobeforetheyareautomat ed.A saresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusingtheH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Sta rtingaround2012,requestsforthevisasrosesharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagricultur alwork,whichislimitedto66,000year.Evenso,employerscomplainthatt heyaren’tgivenalltheworkerstheynee d.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensiveandunreliable.Onesurveyfoundt hat bureaucraticdelaysledH-2Aworkerstoarriveonthejobanaverageo f22dayslate.Andtheshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrat ionraids,whichremovesome workersanddriveothersundergro und.I n2012surveyby,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnea rly8percentofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.SomewesterngrowershaverespondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.In1998-2000,percentofthefruitAmericansconsumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofim portedfruithadincreasedtopercent.31.Ineffect,the.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.WhatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphsDiscriminationagainstforeignworkersinthe.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.Flawsin.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.Declineofjobopportunitiesin.agriculture.32.Onetroublewith.agriculturalworkforceis.A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrantsB.thehighmobilityofcropworkersC.thelackofexperiencedlaborersD.theagingofimmigrantfarmw orkersWhatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortagein.farming Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.Togetnative.workersbacktofarming.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.34.AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits .slowgrantingprocedureslimitondurationofstay35.tightenedrequirementsofannualadmissionsWhichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistextA..AgricultureinDeclineB.ImportFoodorLaborC.AmericaSavedbyMexicoD.Manpowervs.AutomationText 4ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrian Grenierhavemessagefo ryou:It’seasytobeatplastic.They’repartofb unchofcelebritiesstaringin anewvideoforWorldEnvironmentDay-encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-usePlasticstaplestocombattheplasticcri sis.T hekey messagesthathavebeenput togetherforWorldEnvironme ntDaydoinclude acallforgovernmentstoenactlegis lationtocurbsingle-usplastics.Buttheoverarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsense ofwhatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreorquittingplasticstraws,forexample ,w illaccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.Theycoulde venbedetrimental,satisfying aneedtohave“doneourbit”wit houteverprogressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveact ions—akindof“morallicensing”thatallaysourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.W hiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibil itytowarditremainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstr aws,we’reignoringthebalanceofpowerthatimpliesthatas“consumers”wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas“citizens”h oleourgovernmentsandindustries oaccount opushforrealsystemiccha nge.It’simportanttoacknowledgethatthe environmentisn’teveryone’spriority -orevenmostpeople’s.Weshouldn’texpecti t tobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyCouldPeopleDoBadEnvironment al Things.ElizabethR.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeoplei sforthechangetobestructural.This mightmeanimplementingadds a cost toenvironmentallysingle-use plastics altogether. “eliminate all single-use plastic are also incentive-based ways choices easier, such asensuringtrashdisposal.policy suchasaplastic tax that problematic action, or banningIndia has just announced it will in the country by 2022.”Thereof making better environmental recycling is at least aseasy asDeSombreisn’tsaying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.Noneof thisis aboutwritingofftheindividual.t’sjustaboutputtingthingsintoperspective.Wedon’thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressive policiesthat shapecollectiveaction,alongsideengagedcitizenspushingforchan ge.36.Somecelebritiesstarinanewvideoto . demandnewlawsontheuseofplastics urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplastics invitepublicopiniononthe plasticscrisisthecausesoftheplasticscrisis37.concernedthat“morallicensing ”mayTheauthoris.A.misleadusintodoingworthlessthingsB.preventusfrommakingfurthereffortsC.weakenoursenseofaccomplishmentD.suppressourdesireforsuccess38.Bypointingoutouridentity“citizens”,theauthorindicatesthat. ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfareourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimprovinghavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrightsshouldpressourgovernmentstoleadthecombat39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe.A.awin-winarrangementB.aself-drivenmechanismC.acost-effectiveapproachD.atopdownprocess40.Theauthorconcludesthatindividualefforts.canbetooaggressiveA.canbetooinconsistentarefarfrom sufficientfarfromrationalPartBDirect ions：Youaregoingtoreadlistofheadingsandatext.Choo sethemostsuitableheadingfromthelist A-Gforeachnumberedparagrap h (41-45).Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET（.10points）Howseriouslyshouldparentstakekids’opinionswhensearching forahomenchoosingnewhome,CamilleMcClain’skidshavesingledemand:abackyard .McClain’slittleon earen’ttheonlykids whohaveanopinionwh enitcomestohousing,andinmanycases youngsters’viewswe ighheavilyonparents’realestatedecisions,accordingtoa2018HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000.adults .Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestatedecisions,realty agentsandpsycholo h mi vie ab t financia perso agists ave xed ws out he l,nal ndlong-termeffectskids’opinionsmayhave.Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabeca use tcanhelpthemfeel asenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmin g process,saidRyanHooper,aclinicalpsychologistinChi cago.“Childr enmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignif icant moves,especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentscho olorsupportsystem,”hesaid.GregJaroszewski,realestatebrokerswithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,saidhe’snotconvincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinselectingahome—buttheiropinionsshouldbeconsideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsan dsocialactivities,ifpossible.Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey’rechoosingtheirhome withoutac tuallygettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,arealestateattorneyb asedinNewYork.—Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheyofapotentialhomewillmakethemfeellikethey likeaboutthebackyard’rebeing includedinthedecision-making process,Baileysaid.M any ftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren’tconsiderationforchi ldren,said TraceyHampson,arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacing toomuchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.“Speaki ngwithchildrenbeforeyoumake arealestatedec isioniswise,but Iwouldn’tbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions.”Hampsonsaid.Theotherissueisthatmanychildren-especiallyolderones-mayb asetheir realestateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGrou p inRiverside,Calif.“T heyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofus,”he said.“HGTVhasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewr ealestate.It’snotshelter,it’salifestyle.Withthatmindsetchangecomesomeseriousmoney consequences.”Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitst o them personally,Norrissaid,Parentsneed toremindtheirchi ldrenthattheirneedsanddesiresmaychangeovertime,saidJ ulieGurner,realestate analystwith.“T heiropinionscanchange tomorrow,”Gurnersaid.“Harshasitmay be osay,thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingenton a child’sopinions,butrathermadeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest-andgivethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheir own.”Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmore parentswanttoembracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.thatsignificantmovesmayposechallengestochildren.thatitiswisetoleavekidsinthedarkHooperaboutrealestatedecisions.C.advisesthathomepurchasesshouldnotbeBailey’sopini ons.basedonlyonchildr enD.thinksthatchildrenshouldbegive na43.TraceyHampsonsenseofinvolvementinhomebuyingdecision s.E.notesthataspectslikechildren’s44.AaronNorrissocialactivitiesshouldb efriends andF.believesthathomebuyingdecisionsshou ldGurner’s needsratherthanbebasedonchildrenG.assumesthatmanychildren’sviewsonrealestateareinfluencedbythemedia.46.SectionIIITranslationDirection:InthissectionthereisatestinEnglish.TranslateitintoChines e.Wr iteyourtranslationon ANSWERSHEET(15points).t seasytounderestimate EnglishwriterJameshadsuch apleas ant,readablestylethataremightthinkthatanyonecouldimitateit.Howmanytime shaveIheardpeoplesay,“1couldwriteabook ,Ijusthaven'tthetime”Easilysaid.Notsoeasilydone.JamesHerri ot,contrarytopopularopiniondidnotfinditeasyinh is earlydaysof,asheputit,“having agoatthewritinggame”.Whi leheobviouslyhadanabundanceofnaturaltalent,thef inalpolishedworkthathehavetotheworld wastheresultofye arsofpracticing,re-writingandreading.Likethemajorityofauthors,hehadtosuffermanydisappointmentsandrejectionsalongt he way,butthesemadehimallthemoredeterminedtosucceed.Every achieve i l wasearnethehardwayandhissuccessthing d n ifdeintheliteracyfieldwasnoexception.SectionIVWritingPartA47. Directions:SupposeprofessorSmithaskedyoutoplanadebateonthethemeofcitytraffic.Writehimanemailto suggestaspecifictopicwithyourreasons,andtellhimyourarrangement.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donote“LiMing”instead. Donot writeyouraddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould interpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)2019年全国硕士研究生入学一致考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二答案速查表SectionIUseofEnglish1234567891 0C D A A C A D C B D1 112131415161718192A CB D BC BD A BSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA2122232425262728293 0D C A C A A A C B D3132333435363738394 0C D B A B B B D D B PartB41 D 42G43F44C45BSectionIII（参照译文）人们很简单低估英国作家詹姆斯.赫里奥尔。
2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》真题及答案
2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》真题及答案Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C,D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Today,we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and other navigation apps are all available on our smart phones.1of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.But phones2on batteries,and batteries can die faster than were alize.3you get lost without a phone or a compass,and you4can't find north,a few tricks may help you navigate5to civilization,one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well6a trail,but not in a completely7 area,you have to answer two questions:Which8is downhill,in this particular area?And where is the nearest water source?Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys,and on supplies of fresh water.9,if you head downhill,and follow any H20you find,you should10see signs of people.If you've explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be11how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another12:Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13,even in dense forest,you should be able to14gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks,and other paths people carve 15the woods.Head toward these16to find a way out.At night scan the horizon for17light sources,such as fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18,assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the19we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes,tire tracks, and other features can20you to civilization.1.【完形填空】第1题答案是_____.A.SomeB.MostC.FewD.All正确答案：C参考解析：此题考查词义辨析和上下文语境。
2019年在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷含答案和解析
2019年在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷完成对话对话理解对话理解大题型1.Once a bed is completed in the factory, it undergoes a rigorous quality control process.(C)A. longB. complexC. strictD. complete解析：long“长的”；complex“复杂的”；strict“严格的”；complete“完整的”。
这里需要选择和rigorous(严格的)相近的词，故选C。
2.It saved them an hour during a procedure that would normally take three hours.(C)A. merelyB. possiblyC. usuallyD. rarely解析：merely“只是；仅仅”；possibly“很可能”；usually“经常”；rarel y“很少”。
这里需要选择和normally(通常)相近的词，故选C。
3.The universe is presumed to contain many other planets with someform of Me.(D)A. destinedB. intendedC. expectedD. supposed解析：destine“指定，区分”；intend“打算”；expect“期待，预期”；suppose“假设，推想”。
这里需要选择和：presume(假定，推测)相近的词，故选D。
4.The scene has shocked me because it is something alien to me.(B)A. unfairB. unfamiliarC. unnecessaryD. uncomfortable解析：unfair“不公正的”；unfamiliar“不熟悉的”；unnecessary“没必要的”；uncomfortable“不舒服的”。
2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题(二)
2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me,weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale.That was bad to my overall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale,I altered my training program.That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight7 altering your training program.The most8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these9 ,I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule10 .Since weight loss is not my goal,it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week Weighing every other week allows me to observe and12 any significant weight changes.That tells me whether I need to13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in14 to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training intensity remains the same,but I'm constantly15 and dropping weight, this is a16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health,fitness and well-being.I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a18 morning weigh-in.I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19 I'm training according to thosegoals,not the numbers on a scale.Rather than20 over the scale,turn your focus to how you look,feel,how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A.However2. A.cares3. A.initially4. A.recording5. A.reach6. A.definition7. A.regardless of8. A.immediate9. A.claims10.A.though11.A.report12.A.account for13.A.prepare14.A.features15.A.bored16.A.sign17.A.request18.A.surprising19.A.if20.A.dominatingB.ThereforeB.helpsB.occasionallyB.explainingB.setB.distributionB.due toB.rigidB.judgmentsB.insteadB.overlookB.approve ofB.shareB.resultsB.anxiousB.secretB.necessityB.disappointingB.unlessB.obsessingC.OtherwiseC.warnsC.solelyC.loweringC.reviewC.depictionC.aside fromC.preciseC.methodsC.againC.trackC.hold ontoC.confirmC.rulesC.sickC.beliefC.wishC.restrictingC.becauseC.puzzlingD.BesidesD.reducesD.formallyD.acceptingD.modifyD.predictionD.along withD.orderlyD.reasonsD.indeedD.concealD.depend onD.adjustD.testsD.hungryD.principleD.decisionD.consumingD.untilD.triumphing Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emerges a little later,in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms.Children aren't born knowing how to say"I'm sorry";rather,they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,to be a good thing.In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It is deeply uncomfortable—it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated."There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,"says Amrisha Vaish,a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia,adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa:High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a2014study,for example,Malti looked ing caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations,she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones shared more,even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation."That's good news,"Malti says."We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret."21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help____A. regulate a child's basic emotions.B. foster a child's moral development.C. improve a child's intellectual ability.D. intensify a child's positive feelings.22. According to Paragraph2,many people still consider guilt to be____A. burdensome.B. deceptive.C. addictive.D. inexcusable.23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that____A. emotions are context-independent.B. emotions are socially constructive.C. an emotion can play opposing roles.D. emotional stability can benefit health.24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing____A. can result from either sympathy or guilt.B. may help correct emotional deficiencies.C. can bring about emotional satisfaction.D. may be the outcome of impulsive acts.25. The word"transgressions"(Paragraph5)is closest in meaning to____A. teachings.B. discussions.C. wrongdoings.D. restrictions.Text2Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable"carbon sinks"long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.California is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered less easily burnable.Even in the event of a fire,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since2010,drought and insects have killed over100million trees in California,most of them in2016alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat35,000acres of forest a year by2020,and60,000by2030—financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions.That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally they've focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,should serve as a model.26. By saying"one of the harder challenges,"the author implies that____A. global climate change may get out of control.B. people may misunderstand global warming.C. forests may become a potential threat.D. extreme weather conditions may arise.27. To maintain forests as valuable"carbon sinks,"we may need to____A. preserve the diversity of species in them.B. accelerate the growth of young trees.C. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity.D. strike a balance among different plants.28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to____A. reduce the density of some of its forests.B. cultivate more drought-resistant trees.C. find more effective ways to kill insects.D. restore its forests quickly after wildfires.29. What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph5?A. To obtain enough financial support.B. To carry it out before the year of2020.C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D. To handle the areas in serious danger first.30. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as____A. ambiguous.B. supportive.C. tolerant.D. cautious.Text3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years.The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S.and change jobs within the industry.If this doesn't change,American businesses,communities,and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.As fewer such workers enter the country,the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers,while still predominantly born in Mexico,are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single.They're also aging. At the start of this century,about one-third of crop workers were over the age of35.Now, more than half are.And picking crops is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it's been all along:Native U.S.workers won't be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn't the answer,either—not yet,at least.Production of corn,cotton, rice,soybeans,and wheat has been largely mechanized,but many high-value,labor-intensive crops,such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairy farms,where robots do a small share of milking,have a long way to go before they're automated.As a result,farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around2012,requests for the visas rose sharply;from2011to2016the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to66,000a year.Even so,employers complain they aren't given all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job22days late.The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a2012survey,71percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly80percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western farmers have responded bymoving operations to Mexico.From1998to2000,14.5percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later,the share of imports was25.8 percent.In effect,the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Flaws in U.S.immigration rules for farm workers.B. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.C. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S.agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S.agricultural workforce is____A. the rising number of illegal immigrants.B. the aging of immigrant farm workers.C. the high mobility of crop workers.D. the lack of experienced laborers.33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S.farming?A. To strengthen financial support for farmers.B. To attract younger laborers to farm work.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To get native U.S.workers back to farming.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its____A. control of annual admissions.B. limit on duration of stay.C. slow granting procedures.D. tightened requirements.35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. Manpower vs.Automation?B. U.S.Agriculture in Decline?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Import Food or Labor?Text4Arnold Schwarzenegger,Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you:It's easy to beat plastic.They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you,the consumer,to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual,however,is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved.On their own,taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws,for example,will accomplish little and require very little of us.They could even be harmful,satisfying a need to have"done our bit"without ever progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions—a kind of"moral licensing"that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws,we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as"consumers"we must shop sustainably,rather than as"citizens"hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority—or even most people's.We shouldn't expect it to be.In her latest book,Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things,Elizabeth R.DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action,or banning single-use plastics altogether.India has just announced it will"eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by2022."There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier,such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment.It's just that individual actions are too slow,she says,for that to be the only,or even primary,approachto changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual.It's just about putting things into perspective.We don't have time to wait.We need progressive policies that shape collective action,alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video to____A. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis.B. demand new laws on the use of plastics.C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis.D. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics.37. The author is concerned that"moral licensing"may____A. suppress our desire for success.B. mislead us into doing worthless things.C. weaken our sense of accomplishment.D. prevent us from making further efforts.38. By pointing out our identity as"citizens,"the author indicates that____A. we have been actively exercising our civil rights.B. we should press our governments to lead the combat.C. our relationship with local industries is improving.D. our focus should be shifted to community welfare.39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be____A. a win-win arrangement.B. a top-down process.C. a self-driven mechanism.D. a cost-effective approach.40. The author concludes that individual efforts____A. are far from sufficient.B. are far from rational.C. can be too inconsistent.D. can be too aggressive.Part BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)How seriously should parents take kids'opinions when searching for a home?In choosing a new home,Camille McClain's kids had a single demand:a backyard.McClain's little ones aren't the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing,and in many cases youngsters'views weigh heavily on parents'real estate decisions,according to a2018Harris Poll survey of more than2,000U.S.adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions,realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial,personal and long-term effects kids'opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process,said Ryan Hooper,clinical psychologist in Chicago."Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves,especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,"he said.Greg Jaroszewski,a real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates,said he's not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities,if possible.Younger children should feel like they're choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter,said Adam Bailey,real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they're being included in the decision-making process,Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren't a consideration for children,said Tracey Hampson,a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita,Calif.And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase."Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise,but Iwouldn't base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions,"Hampson said.The other issue is that many children—especially older ones—may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows,said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif."They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,"he said."HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate.It's not shelter,it's a lifestyle.With that mindset change come some serious money consequences."Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time,said Julie Gurner,a real estate analyst with ."Their opinions can change tomorrow,"Gurner said."Harsh as it may be to say,that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions,but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best—and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own."This advice is more relevant now than ever before,even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children,despite the current housing crunch.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.How many times have I heard people say,"I could write a book.I just haven't the time."Easily said.Not so easily done.James Herriot,contrary to popular opinion,did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it,"having a go at the writing game".While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent,the final,polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising,re-writing and reading.Like the majority of authors,he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way,but these made him all the more determined to succeed.Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons,and2) tell him about your arrangements.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e"Li Ming"instead.(10points)PartB 48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, youshould 1) interpret the chart,and 2) give yourcomments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) 某高校2013和2018年本科毕业生去向统计 26.30% 1.30%2.60%就业升学创业2018。
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案解析
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案解析供稿：万学海文教研中心英语教研室【答案及解析】Section I Use of English1、[答案]C。
Few [试题考点]词义辨析和上下文语境[解析]此题词义辨析和上下文语境。
首句为主题句：今天，我们生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上唾手可得的世界。
空格所在句指出：我们中_____在没有电话，个人GPS或其他导航工具的情况下直接走进树林。
本句有without与few构成双重否定表肯定，根据语义应该填入few（几乎没有人），符合文意。
2、[答案]C。
run [试题考点]词组搭配[解析]此题考查词组搭配。
run on battery表示手机用电池发动，运行。
其他选项：Put on （穿上；使运转）；take on （承担；呈现）；come on （快点；开始），语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[C] run。
3、[答案]B。
If [试题考点]逻辑关系[解析]此题考查逻辑关系。
空格所在句译文：____你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，____找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航____文明。
此处为假设的情况，故填入if （如果）符合上下文的表达。
其余选项：Since （因为；自从），though （虽然），until （直到）带入后，语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[B] If。
4、[答案]D。
literally [试题考点]词义辨析[解析]空格所在句译文：____你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，____找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航____文明。
此处literally表示确实地，真正地，带入原文语义通顺：你的确找不到北方。
其余选项：Formally （正式地），relatively（相对地），gradually（逐渐地）带入后，语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[D] literally。
5、[答案]A。
back [试题考点]词义辨析和上下文语境[解析]空格所在句译文：____你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，____找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航____文明。
2019年同等学力申硕学位英语水平全国统一考试试题答案
2019年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试Paper One试卷一（100minutes）Part I Oral Communication（10 points）Section ADirections： In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A， B and C， taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices 10 complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue OneA. They are due today.B. That sounds like a good idea.C. Got any plans after the class？Juliana： Hi， Jenny. __1___Jenny： Not really. What about you？Juliana： I've got a course paper to write. So I plan to look for some books and study at the library. Do you want to join me？Jenny： Sure. I need to return some books. __2___ Besides， I can also read some magazines and newspapers there.Juliana： Fantastic! We can go swimming in the gym after that.Jenny： __3___ We can chill out a little in such a hot summer.1．（C）A． They are due today.B． That sounds like a good idea.C． Got any plans after the class？【解析】<br />根据后面朱莉安娜提到的她准备写一篇课程论文可知，上文珍妮对朱莉安娜的反问可能与计划安排有关，空格处朱莉安娜的提问可能也与计划有关，因此C项（下课后你有什么安排吗？）符合题意。
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案word资料10页
2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American’National Research Counci l sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthore Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___givin g their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to __5____of the experments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_something was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself.After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. The Hawthorne experiments have another surprise in store: _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of reproductivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that particular way of conducting the experiments may have led to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 _to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday. Workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the weeking week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long so8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] pealliar to13. [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B]accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. Amazon received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says Dennis’D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 2019 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2019, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti-patient trend at the supreme court” ,says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its rulling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Paro 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of disnity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread. The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to ereryone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people was wearing, promoting or developing whaterver it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don’t seem to be required of all.The researchers’ argument stems from a simple obserrating about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey —whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence — even the most influential members of a population simply don’t inte ract with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebring influentials who,according to thetwo-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influcencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influcence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example from the initial influential prove resistant,for example the casecade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendence to be.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C]has won support from influentials[D]requires solid evidence for its validity33.what the resarchers have observed recenty shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34.The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influnce[B] have little contact with the source of influnence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted[B]The impulse to influence others[C]The readiness to be influenced[D]The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, Ameri ca’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.” European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and evencombative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets.37.According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the diminishing role of management[B]the revival of the banking system[C]the banks’ long-term asset losses[D]the weakening of its independence38.According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A]keep away from political influences.[B]evade the pressure from their peers.[C]act on their own in rule-setting.[D]take gradual measures in reform.39.The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet ”in that they[A]misinterpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the first A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to from a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A]The first and more important is t he consumer’s growing preference for eatingout;the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2019. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe,compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile,as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B]Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C]Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers.In other words,it is up to the buyer,tather than the seller,to decide what to buy .At any rate,this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers,regardless of how long the current consummer pattern will take hold.[D]All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits there by. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals import differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European whloesaling in which particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E]Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent morn-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe’s retail wholesale market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F]For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to ＄ 268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000- more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G]However, none of these requirements should deter large retails and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41 → 42 → 43 → 44 → E → 45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) One basic weakness in a comservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the landmunity have no economic value.Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and ,if its stability depends on its inteyrity,they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and,if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbiras were supposed to be disappearing.(46) Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them,the evideuce had to be comic in order to be valid.It is pamful to read these round about accounts today .We have no land ethic yet ,(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right,regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds .(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species”.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly .or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) In Europe ,where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the Non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community ,to be preserved as such ,within reason.To sum up:a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.Without the uneconomic pats.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “postgraduate association” instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
保护我的妹妹是我最重要的责任。
convenient 方便的, 便利的, 合适的 I have to find a convenient location for the shelves. 我得找一合适的地方放这些书架。 在你方便时我能来和你谈谈吗? Is it convenient for you to go out tonight? 今晚你方便出去吗? share with 与…分享〔合用〕 I'll share my apple with you if you'll give me half of
He suffers from acute depression. 他患有严重的忧郁症。 Business depression usually causes misery among the working class.
economic depression
prepare for (使)为…作准备
糕
man of words= keep promise遵守诺言
intend 意欲, 打算
He did not intend paying the bill. 他不打算付账。 be intended for专为……而设计，专供……使用 absolute绝对的, 完全的 I look upon this as an absolute necessity. 我认为这是绝对必要的。 convention习俗, 惯例 Convention dictates（命令、指示） that a minister
keep up with跟上, 不落人之后
extend延长; 扩展; 达到(某一点) France has greatly extended its influence in
world affairs. 在世界事务中, 法国的影响已大大地扩大了。 extend给予, 提供, 发出 It was kind of you to extend an invitation to us. 感谢你对我们的邀请。
along with跟……一起
Along with alcohol, tobacco is taxed in most countries.
apology道歉, 认错, 愧悔
I'm afraid I was rather bad-tempered yesterday; I think I owe you an apology.
他们给水灾中无家可归的人发送救援物资。 relieve缓解, 消除, 减少 The doctors did their best to relieve the patient. 医生们尽力减轻病人的痛苦。 relaxation消遣, 娱乐,放松; 放宽 relax v. It was the only place for off-duty relaxation. 这是假日休闲的惟一去处。
your cake. 你若把你的蛋糕给我一半, 我就与你分享我的苹果。
has an eye for有判断力、欣赏力 Mr. Wang has an eye for painting praise称赞, 赞赏 They have been praising you all the time. 他们总在夸奖你。 praise崇拜; 荣耀 He despised people who were lavish with
should resign in such a situation. conventional 依照惯例、传统的, 约定俗成的
regular有规律的, 定期的, 定时的 He leads a regular life. 他过着有规律的生活。 regular合乎原则的; 符合规定的; 正当的; 适当的 I think your method isn't quite regular. 我认为你的方法不正当。 original起初的; 原来的 The original settlers are the Indians. 最早在这里定居的是印第安人。 original独创的; 新颖的 The inventor had an original mind. 那个发明家具有创新的头脑。
their praises. 他看不起那些阿谀奉承的人。
blame
envy 妒忌; 羡慕 They were full of envy when they saw my new car. 他们看了我的新汽车, 都非常羡慕。 Spread one’s own wings 独立 perform执行; 履行 He not only promised, but performed. 他不仅许下诺言, 而且做到了。 perform表演; 扮演 He performed well under pressure. 他在压力之下表现得很好。 performance履行, 执行;演出, 表演
The police recovered the stolen jewellery.
relief(痛苦等)缓解, 减轻, 解除 This medicine will give you some relief. 这药会为你减轻一些痛苦。
They send relief to those who made homeless by floods.
expand使…变大, 扩大, 扩张 The ranks of the teachers are constantly expanding. 教师队伍日益扩大了。
The eagle expanded its wings. 雄鹰展翅。 exceed 超过; 超越 The demand for fish this month exceeds the supply. 本月的鱼市供不应求。 expose 曝光,暴露; 显露 New fashions are exposing more and more the body. This film has been exposed. 这胶卷已经曝光了。
他生病后康复得很快, 不久就去上班了。
Will the government's policies lead to an economic recovery?
recover恢复
He is very ill and unlikely to recover. 他病得很重, 不大可能恢复健康了
apologize 道歉
You forgot to apologize. 你忘记道歉了。
I must apologize that if I offended you, I didn't mean to.
我必须向您道歉, 如果冒犯了您, 我不是有意的。
innocent清白的, 无罪的, 无辜的 They have imprisoned an innocent man. 他们监禁了一个无辜的男子。 innocent涉世不深的; 天真的, 单纯的 I was very young, and very innocent. 我那时非常年轻, 幼稚无知。
Every day they are talking about peace but actually preparing for war.
他们每天都在谈论和平, 但实际上却在准备战 争。
get ready for (使)准备好... A piece of cake轻松的事，小事一桩，一块蛋
take pains take after 仿效 take apart 拆开 take over 接管:获得对… take back 收回(所说的或所写的事) take for 把…当作 Do you take me for a fool? take on 从事 Took on extra responsibilities
retreat 撤退; 退却
Our soldiers force the enemy to retreat. 我们的战士迫使敌人后退。 recovery恢复健康, 复原
He made a quick recovery from his illness and was soon back at work.
average平常的, 普通的,平均的e meal; it was average.
饭菜没什么特别, 挺平常的。 routine例行公事, 惯例, 惯常的程序
The security men changed their usual routine and collected the money at a different time.
保安人员改变了他们通常的做法, 在不同的时间取款。 例行的; 常规的
routine例行的; 常规的
It's just a routine medical examination, nothing to get worried about.
这只是例行的体格检查, 没有什么可担心的。
element成分, 要素, 原件 Cells are the elements of the human body. 细胞是人体的基本单位。 normal 正常的, 平常的 She braced herself to lead a normal life. 她振作起来去过正常生活 standard标准, 水准, 规范 The standard of length in France is the metre. 法国的标准长度是米。 living standard or standard of living