2018考研英语翻译语法讲解:代词指代(1)_毙考题

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【2018-2019】考研英语翻译有哪些常考的代词译法-精选word文档 (5页)

【2018-2019】考研英语翻译有哪些常考的代词译法-精选word文档 (5页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==考研英语翻译有哪些常考的代词译法考研英语中翻译也占有相当一部分的比例,我们在复习的时候,一定要抓住重点。

小编为大家精心准备了考研英语翻译常考的代词译法相关资料,欢迎大家前来阅读。

考研英语翻译常考的代词译法英语和汉语在许多场合下都使用代词,但比较而言,汉语要少得多。

这是因为汉语中的很多代词往往都被省略掉,或者是重复原有名词。

而英语代词在语篇中使用频率远远高于汉语代词,有人称代词、非人称代词、关系代词等等。

这往往给考生带来不小的困惑。

因此在翻译中代词翻译的难点在于灵活地还原出代词在文中指代的意义。

这里通过真题例句,重点讲解考研中常考的四类代词的译法。

▶人称代词及物主代词的指代【真题例句】Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.【解析】从结构来看,该句because of 的后边接两个名词短语the population explosion和problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport 来表示原因。

其中,第二个名词短语又含有一个短语themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport来补充说明mass migration movements。

2018考研英语翻译小技巧-毙考题

2018考研英语翻译小技巧-毙考题

2018考研英语翻译小技巧-毙考题2018考研英语翻译小技巧  摘要:随着考研英语对长难句考察的侧重,近年来的翻译题中也出现了越来越多的长难句,让考生感到无从下手。

以下是一些翻译小技巧,帮助大家攻克英语翻译。

翻译过程中包括两个阶段:正确理解和充分表达。

理解是表达的前提,而表达是理解的目的和结果,二者缺一不可,因此,考生在做英译汉部分试题时:1、切记不可急躁,一定要先通读全句,把握主旨、内容;2、首先要在语义上理清全句的整体意思和每个单词的意思;其次要分析清楚句子结构,理出句群,找出各分句之间的关系;3、可考虑先打一份翻译草稿,再根据文章意义和汉语结构进行调整。

英语中一词多义的现象十分普遍,且英汉词典中给出的汉语解释未必全面,未必与英文的意思完全对等。

选择词义的时候,要根据词在句中的词类及上下文的搭配关系来确定。

英译汉中常考短语和句型:1、not that but that 不是而是2、can not too 再也不过分3、other than 除了,不同于4、It is reported / asserted / believed / considered / said /supposed that 据报道/据宣称/据说/据假设5、nothing less than 完全是,不亚于6、anything but 根本不,绝不7、nothing but 只有,不过......而已8、all but 除了9、but for 如果没有10、but that+从句要不是11、only to+动词结果是,不料12、not so much as 与其说不如说13、not so much as 甚至不14、not nearly/far from 不近/远15、by no means (同义短语还有:in no way,in no case, in no respects, at no time, on no account, under no circumstance) 决不16、to say nothing of/ still less(常用于否定句后) 更不必说17、let alone 更不用提18、no more than 同一样不19、no more than 只只,仅是考试使用毙考题,不用再报培训班邀请码:880620、more than21、more than 超出22、no less than 多达;足足有之多23、no less than 没有比更少;至少与一样考试使用毙考题,不用再报培训班邀请码:880624、apart from 分离25、no choice but 别无选择,只有考试使用毙考题,不用再报培训班邀请码:8806。

2018考研英语翻译真题每日一句拆分解读(Day41)_毙考题

2018考研英语翻译真题每日一句拆分解读(Day41)_毙考题

下载毙考题APP免费领取考试干货资料,还有资料商城等你入驻邀请码:8806 可获得更多福利2018考研英语翻译真题每日一句拆分解读(Day41)翻译能力提升不是一朝一夕,对于真题中的翻译句子要仔细研究,把握好结构和翻译逻辑,同时注意词汇积累。

小编分享翻译真题每日一练,带大家一起来回顾真题中的句子,详细解读各种句子的译法逻辑。

大家注意学习方法!2018考研英语翻译真题每日一句拆分解读(Day41)I shall define him as an individual //who has elected as his primary dutyand pleasure inlife t//he activity of thinking in Socratic way about moralproblems. (29 words)词汇要点:1) define //v. 给…下定义;规定,限定;表明…的界限,显示…的特征2) individual //n. 个人,个体3) primary //adj. 主要的,首要的;初等的,起初的4) moral //n. 道德结构要点:1) 主句部分是Ishall define him as…,后面有一个who引导的定语从句;2) who定语从句的主干是elected…the activity…as his primaryduty...,因为宾语activity修饰语太长,所以后置了。

汉译逻辑要点:1) I shall define him as anindividual中的代词him ,指代的应该是上文的intellectual(知识分子)。

考虑到后面who定语从句比较复杂,who定语从句直接翻译在后面。

前面的主句部分增加这样来提示下文。

所以主句和定语从句的汉译可以是我将要把知识分子定义为这样的人,他… 。

2) as his primary duty and pleasurein life中的in life作定语,修饰duty andpleasure两个并列名词,可以翻译为人生中的首要任务和乐趣。

2018年英语中考各省市语法真题之代词和解析

2018年英语中考各省市语法真题之代词和解析

2018中考英语真题分类汇编题型之代词 (解析版)1.(2018江苏宿迁)3. ----Excuse me, I want some books, but I can’t find a bookshop here.----I know_________on my way home. Come with me, please.A.thisB. oneC. . ItD. that【答案】B【解析】句意:——对不起,我想要一些书,但是我在这里找不到书店。

——我知道在我回家的路上有一个。

请跟我来。

考查代词辨析题。

this/that表近指或远指;it代替上文提到的(同一)事物;one指的是与前面提到的为同一类事物,相当于“a+名词”。

本句所指与上一句属于同类而不同物,需用one。

根据句意语境,可知选B。

2.(2018安徽)33. —The fridges are on sale in the supermarket today. —Really? Let's go and buy_______ for our new kitchen.A. oneB. itC. thatD.them【答案】A【解析】句意:今天超市里的冰箱促销?---真的吗,我们去为新厨房添置一件。

代指上文提到的fridges中的一件,故选A。

3.(2018北京)1. My brother and I like football. play it together once a week.A. IB. TheyC. WeD. You【答案】C解析:句意:我的哥哥和我喜欢足球,我们每周一次在一块踢球。

代指我的哥哥和我,故用第一人称复数。

4.(2018 山西) 21. In our lives, our parents give us love and warmth. In return,we should understand and care about .A. usB. youC. them【答案】C【解析】考查代词。

【每日一练】翻译真题词汇及逻辑结构详解Day1_毙考题

【每日一练】翻译真题词汇及逻辑结构详解Day1_毙考题

【每日一练】翻译真题词汇及逻辑结构详解Day1翻译能力提升不是一朝一夕,对于真题中的翻译句子要仔细研究,把握好结构和翻译逻辑,同时注意词汇积累。

小编分享翻译真题每日一练,带大家一起来回顾真题中的句子,详细解读各种句子的译法逻辑。

大家注意学习方法!【每日一练】翻译真题词汇及逻辑结构详解Day1One could interpret much of thework of Beethoven //by saying that sufferingis inevitable, //butthe courage to fight it renders life worth living. (25words)词汇要点:1) inevitable //adj. 不可避免的,必然会发生的2) render //v. 给予,回报;使处于某种状态;翻译结构要点:1) 整个句子主干是One could interpret…;2) by saying that…介词短语做状语,后面的that是宾语从句;3) that suffering is inevitabl e, but the courage…renders lifeworthliving是宾语从句中but连接的两个并列句。

汉译逻辑要点:1) One could interpret much of the work ofBeethoven是第一个并列句的主干部分。

One是表泛指的代词,应该翻译为一个人,我们,大家。

interpret是解释,解读的意思。

这个部分可以直接翻译为:我们可以解读贝多芬大多数作品。

2) by saying that suffering isinevitable是介词短语。

suffering是痛苦,遭罪,inevitable是不可避免的。

这个部分直接翻译的结果是:通过说痛苦是不可避免的。

它是状语修饰前面的Onecouldinterpret…,所以可以翻译到动词interpret前面,结果是:我们可以通过说痛苦是不可避免的来解读贝多芬大多数作品。

2018英语中考各省市语法真题之代词及解析

2018英语中考各省市语法真题之代词及解析

2018中考英语真题分类汇编题型之代词(解析版)1。

(2018江苏宿迁)3。

—-—-Excuse me, I want some books,but I can’t find a bookshop here. ---—I know_________on my way home。

Come with me,please。

A.this B。

one C。

. It D。

that【答案】B【解析】句意:-—对不起,我想要一些书,但是我在这里找不到书店。

-—我知道在我回家的路上有一个。

请跟我来。

考查代词辨析题.this/that表近指或远指;it代替上文提到的(同一)事物;one指的是与前面提到的为同一类事物,相当于“a+名词”.本句所指与上一句属于同类而不同物,需用one。

根据句意语境,可知选B。

2.(2018安徽)33. —The fridges are on sale in the supermarket today。

—Really?Let's go and buy_______ for our new kitchen。

A. oneB. it C。

that D.them【答案】A【解析】句意:今天超市里的冰箱促销?--—真的吗,我们去为新厨房添置一件.代指上文提到的fridges中的一件,故选A.3.(2018北京)1。

My brother and I like football。

play it together once a week。

A. I B。

They C。

We D。

You【答案】C解析:句意:我的哥哥和我喜欢足球,我们每周一次在一块踢球.代指我的哥哥和我,故用第一人称复数。

4.(2018 山西)21。

In our lives,our parents give us love and warmth. In return,we should understand and care about 。

考研英语翻译技巧之代词

考研英语翻译技巧之代词考研英语翻译技巧之代词英语和汉语在许多场合下都使用代词,但比较而言,汉语要少得多。

这是因为汉语中的很多代词往往都被省略掉,或者是重复原有名词。

而英语代词在语篇中使用频率远远高于汉语代词,有人称代词、非人称代词、关系代词等等。

这往往给考生带来不小的困惑。

因此在翻译中代词翻译的难点在于灵活地还原出代词在文中指代的意义。

这里通过真题例句,重点讲解考研中常考的四类代词的译法。

(一)人称代词及物主代词的指代【真题例句】Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselvesmade relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.【解析】从结构来看,该句because of的后边接两个名词短语the population explosion和problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport来表示原因。

其中,第二个名词短语又含有一个短语themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport,来补充说明mass migration movements。

因此,这里的代词themselves指代名词短语mass migration movements。

【参考译文】由于人口的猛增或大量的人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流通变得相对容易)造成的种种问题也回对社会造成新的压力。

2018年考研英语真题及答案解析(2)

2018年考研英语真题及答案解析(2)Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate”the countryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Serivce (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill Launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”.It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience“a refreshing air .”Hill’s pressure later led to creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more,and every year concrete consumes more of it . It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorising“off-plan”building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance,has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses,factories and offices is where people are,in cities and towns where infrastructure isin place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone,with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that”housing crisis”equals“concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always,where to put them. Under lobby pressure,George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets . This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative --- the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.6.Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A]has brought much benefit to the NHS.[B]didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.[C]is fully backed by the royal family.[D]is not well reflected in politics.7. According to Paragraph 2,the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A]gradually destroyed.[B]effectively reinforced.[C]properly protected.[D]largely overshadowed.8.which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.[B]the Conservatives may abandon ”off -plan“ building.[C]the Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D]labour is under attack for opposing development.9.the author holds that George Osborne’s preference[A]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[D]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.10.In the last paragraph,the author shows his appreciation of[A]the size of population in Britain.[Bthe enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[C]the town-and-country planning in Britain.[D]the political life in today is Britain.6.答案 D is not well reflected in politics解析:细节题。

2018考研英语长难句解析:每日一句(32)_毙考题

2018考研英语长难句解析:每日一句(32)2008年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A   Text 1 第4段第5句The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be indomestic situations,by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and theytend not to be one-shot deals.译文:女性遭遇到的人际关系暴力往往来自家庭内部,通常是由——很遗憾——父母或其他家庭成员施加的,并且这些行为往往不是一次性的。

分析:该句的主干结构为and连接的两个并列分句。

第一个分句的主干是The kinds of interpersonal violence…tendto be…,其中出现了that引导的定语从句,修饰主语。

在该定语从句中,主语为women,谓语为are exposedto,关系代词that则代替先行词The kinds of interpersonalviolence充当宾语。

该从句后面的动词tend是第一个分句的谓语,后面的动词不定式to be in domesticsituations是宾语。

Unfortunately是第一个分句中的插入语,by parents or other family members 是indomestic situations的同位语,都是用于说明第一个分句主语的状态和性质的。

第二个分句是主谓宾结构,主语2they指代第一个分句里的主语1,动词tend和否定词not构成谓语,后面的动词不定式to be one-shot deals是宾语。

词汇指南interpersonal[,intə pə:sənl](adj.)人与人之间的,人际关系的(2008年-阅读1、2010年-阅读3)(inter-在两者之间,personal-私人的,个人的→ 人与人之间的,人际关系的)考点搭配:Interpersonal link 人际关系(2010年-阅读3)violence[ vaiələns](n.)猛烈,激烈;暴力(行为)(高考词汇)(2008年-阅读1)(viol=whirl-旋转,ence-名词后缀→由高速旋转而带来的运动状态——即猛烈,激烈,引申出暴力(行为) 。

2018年考研翻译硕士英语翻译重点解析

2018年考研翻译硕士英语翻译重点解析宾语从句翻译法由that, what, how, where等词引导的宾语从句一般按照原文顺序翻译,即顺译法。

Eg:Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged.科学家们有理由认为人可以忍受远超过0.1雷姆的辐射而不受伤害。

\Eg:We wish to inform you that we specialize in the export of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我公司专门办理中国纺织品出口业务,并愿在平等互利的基础上同贵公司建立业务关系。

状语从句翻译法1)顺译法:按照原文顺序翻译。

Eg:If the negotiations between the rich nations and the poor nations make headway, it is intended that a ministerial session in December should be arranged.如果富国和穷国之间的谈判获得进展的话,就打算在12月份安排召开部长级会议。

2)逆译法:把位于句末的从句放在句首。

Eg:Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.显然,如果计算机给出的全部答案均需要核查,花钱买计算机就毫无意义。

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2018考研英语翻译语法讲解:代词指代(1)
在考研翻译中,如果出现代词,我们必须秉承一个原则,那就是如果代词不翻译清楚会导致句义不完整或者意思不清晰的话,我们一定要将此代词还原。

因为从历年的考研翻译真题可以看出,出题者的本意就是在于考查考生是否理解划线部分代词所指代的具体内容,所以一旦代词出现在主要成分的位置,往往要求考生还原其指代的内容来翻译。

翻译方法:
在此再简要总结一下其重要性:首先,不弄清代词(尤其是位于主要成分的代词)所指代的具体内容则不利于把握整个句子的意思。

其次,不准确的翻译出代词所指代的对象往往会导致扣分,因为代词指代也是考研翻译的考点之一。

考生需要认识到,虽然有些代词指代对象出现在划线句子中,很容易予以还原,但绝大多数情况下代词都需要返回上文寻找对应的名词、短语或句子,因此需要费一番工夫。

下面从两个方面加以简要解析。

首先,当代词出现在主要成分位置时,一定要联系上下文寻找指代内容。

They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory , and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements . (2002, 64)
这个例句中的两个his都是本句中a person的形容词性物主代词,这一点毋庸置疑,翻译时只要符合汉语表达习惯,保证语句通顺即可。

而这两个they分别是and连接的两个并列分句的主语,属于整句话的主要成分,因此有必要还原。

而其指代的对象应该去上文去寻找。

前文提到It will not solve our problem , however , until it replaces traditional prescientific views , and these are strongly entrenched . Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty,...... ,其大体意思是:然而,除非行为技术取代科学出现之前已形成的传统观念,否则它无法解决我们的问题,而这些传统观念已经根深蒂固。

自由和尊严就能说明困难的程度,由此可见,they 指代的只能是freedom and dignity。

因此,即使不还原其指代,也只能翻译为它们,而不是他们。

最保险的办法是将之还原,重复其指代的具体内容:自由和尊严。

整句话的参考译文就是自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

类似需要还原指代的例子在考研翻译中还有很多,方法都是返回前文寻找指代对象,然后还原其具体指代内容,此处仅以此例予以演示。

考试使用毙考题,不用再报培训班。

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