高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语(Subject):句子中进行动作或者是被动接受动作的人或物。
例句:Tom is reading a book.(主语是Tom)2. 谓语(Predicate):句子中所陈述的动作或状态。
例句:I am studying English. (谓语是am studying)3. 宾语(Object):句子中被动作的对象或者是动作的影响者。
例句:She bought a new car.(宾语是a new car)4. 定语(Adjective):修饰名词或代词的词或词组。
例句:I saw a black cat.(定语是black)5. 状语(Adverb):修饰动词、形容词、副词,可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
例句:She sings beautifully.(状语是beautifully)例句:I am a student.(补语是a student)英语句子结构可以按照不同的组合方式分类:1. 简单句(Simple Sentence):包含一个主语和一个谓语。
例句:She sings.(主语+谓语)例句:I like swimming, but he prefers hiking.(独立子句+连接词+独立子句)3. 并列句(Coordinative Sentence):用连词连接两个或更多的相同层次的分句。
例句:I am tired, so I'm going to bed.(分句+连词+分句)例句:She invited me to a party, which made me happy.(主句+从句)总结起来,英语句子成分和结构的掌握对于理解和构建句子都是非常重要的。
通过对各个成分的认识和使用,可以更准确地表达自己的意思。
而了解不同的句子结构,可以帮助我们构建丰富多样的句子,提高语言表达的能力。
英语句子成分和句子结构分析

英语句子成分和句子结构分析Company Document number:WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法(微观遣词);句法(宏观造句)01词法(微观遣词)1.实词:有实际意义的词。
名词n.:表事物名称动词vi./vt.:行为,动态。
vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语形容词adj.:修饰n.副词adv.:修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.:代替n.数词num.:表数量(基数词),表顺序(序数词)2.虚词:没有实际意义的词。
介词prep.:说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.:说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.:在n.前,限定n.感叹词int.:表达感叹02句法(宏观造句)1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型:简单句,并列句,复合句6.复合句:名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句二、语法四大原则1.词性决定词用2.同类同用同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致3.动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词4.举一反三由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属;认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群。
语法精讲2句子的成分主体:主语,谓语,宾语,表语次体:定语,状语,补语,同位语主语:一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象。
常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首。
The sun(名词n.) rises in the east.W e(代词pron.) are friendsT wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history.S eeing(动名词) is believingT o be a teacher(不定式)is my dreamW hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句I t(形式主语)is time to go home(真正的主语)形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语:表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English!I can(情态动词)do it!I don’t(助动词)know!H e is(系动词)asleep.宾语:表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。
英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲

英语五种基本结构和句子成分含义一、五种基本句型1.“主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例:He often runs before breakfast.分析:”He”(主语) runs(谓语)此句型结构中的谓语动词一般为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。
2.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
此句型中的谓语动词一般为及物动词或及物动词短语。
例:He can take care of himself.3.“主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。
例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher”(主语)“taught”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例:Our teacher asks us to write a short story..分析:“our teacher”(主语)“asks”(谓语动作)“us”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to write a short story”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解

高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解句子成分主语:句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.Heliesdancing.Tentyyearsisashorttieinhistory.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.hatheneedsisaboo.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllieatree.谓语:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
estudyEnglish.Heisasleep.表语:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.Seventy-four!youdon’tlooit.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Hisfatherisin.Thepictureisontheall.yatchisgone/issing/lost.Toearafloeristosay“I’poor,Ican’tbuyaring.Thequestionishethertheyille.,loo,feelPleaseaeyourselfathoe.介词短语)Don’tlethidothat.Hisfatheradvisedhitoteachthelazyboyalesson.Don’teepthelightsburning.I’llhaveybierepaired.主补:对主语的补充。
Heaselectedonitor.Sheasfoundsinginginthenextroo.Heasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Aiyanlingisacheistryteacher.Heisourfriend.ebelongtothethirdorld.Heasadvisedtoteachthelazyboya lesson.Theanoverthereisyoldfriend.Theoanithababyinherarsis ysister.Theboysplayingfootballareinclass2.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegroingellno.Ihaveanideatodoitell.youshoulddoeverythingthatIdo.状语:用来修饰v.,ad,adv.,or句子。
高考英语句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)

主语+谓语+宾语 Subject+Verb+ S+V+O+A
+状语
Object+Adverbial
There be (存在句)
• (1)S+V(主语+谓语) • She never lies.
↓ 间接 宾语
↓ 直接 宾语
指出下列句中的宾语
• ① My brother hasn't done his homework. • ② People all over the world speak English. • ③ You must pay good attention to your
pronunciation. • ④ How many new words did you learn last
句子成分及句子基本结构
一.句子成分
• 1.一个完整的英语句子,至少由两部分组成 • ___主__语__和__谓__语____。 • 2.英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、
宾语补足语、_表__语__、定语、状语、同位语.
㈠主语(subject)
• 主语是句子叙述的主体,表明这句话描述什么。 • Workers make machines. (名词) • She went out in a hurry. (代词) • Three plus five is eight. (数词) • The young should respect the old(. 名词化的形容词) • To see is to believe. (不定式) • Running is good for your health. (动名词)
(地点状语)
英语句子结构详细讲解

英语句子结构详细讲解一.句子成分分析1.主语(subject)句子的主体,全句述说的对象。
一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,从句担任,常置于句首。
(名词)(主格代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(主语从句)2. 谓语(predicate)对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语(1).简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成at 6 o?clock.(动词)(动词短语)(2).复合谓语①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成(情态动词+动词原形)She (助动词do+动词原形)(助动词has+动词原形)补充:协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。
被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
最常用的助动词有:be, do, have, shall, will, should, would. 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)②由系动词加表语构成(即主系表结构)(状态系动词be+表语)(表象系动词look+表语)补充:系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词。
有些不具词义;有些具有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
1.状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。
)2.持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, stay, lie, remain, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
高三英语句子结构讲解(彻底搞清句子结构)

高三英语句子结构讲解(彻底搞清句子结构)句子结构1.英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
2.英语五种基本句型结构如下:SV(主+谓)SVO(主+谓+宾)SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)SVP(主+系+表)主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)定语(attribute)表语(predicative)1). 基本句型一:SV(主+谓)这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,都不带宾语,但可以带状语。
2). 基本句型二:SVO(主+谓+宾)此结构是由“主语及物动词(词组)宾语”构成。
3). 基本句型三:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give“给”,pass“递”,bring“带”,show“显示”。
这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。
间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词间接宾语直接宾语。
例如:He gave me a cup of tea. (SVoO)强调间接宾语顺序为:动词直接宾语介词(to\for)间接宾语。
例如:Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词时,只能用:动词代词直接宾语介词间接宾语。
例如:Bring it to me, please. (不能说 Bring me it, please.)常跟双宾语的及物动词有:(需借助to的)allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
(需借助for的) buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。
高中英语句子成分及结构

英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分:主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如I ,we, he, she, they ),数词、动词不定式,动名词等。
最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式。
主语一般在句首。
(1)名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. ‘这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
(2)代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
(3)动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语:谓语由动词构成,谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上,一般在主语之后。
(1)及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
(2)不及物动词作谓语You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室,手里拿着书。
(3)连系动词作谓语He looks worried.他看起来很担心。
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
(4) 复合谓语:①由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解句子成分主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
the sun rises in the east. (名词)he likes dancing.(代词)twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)seeing is believing. (动名词)to see is to believe.(不定式)what he needs is a book. (主语从句)it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (it形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
we study english. he is asleep.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
he is a teacher. (名词)seventy-four! you don’t look it. (代词)five and five is ten. (数词)he is asleep. (形容词)his father is in. (副词)the picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)my watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)to wear a flower is to say “i’m poor, i can’t buy a ring. (不定式)the question is whether they will come. (表语从句)(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)...it sounds a good idea. the sound sounds strange.her voice sounds sweet. tom looks thin.the food smells delicious. the food tastes good.the door remains open. now i feel tired.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾i like china. (名词)he hates you. (代词)how many do you need? we need two. (数词)we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy working with you. (动名词)共7页,当前第1页1234567i hope to see you again. (不定式)did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾are you afraid of the snake? under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)he gave me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
we elected him monitor. (名词)we all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)we will make them happy. (形容词)we found nobody in. ( 副词) please make yourself at home. 介词短语)don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)his father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)i’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)主补:对主语的补充。
he was elected monitor. she was found singing in the next room.he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
ai yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)he is our friend. (代词)we belong to the third world. (数词)he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)the man over there is my old friend.(副词) the woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)the boys playing football are in class 2. (现在分词)the trees planted last year are growing well now.(过去分词)i have an idea to do it well. (不定式)you should do everything that i do. (定语从句)状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列)i will go there tomorrow. the meeting will be held in the meetingroom. the meat went bad because of the hot weather. he studies hard to learn english well.he didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.i like some of you very much.if you study hard, you will pass the exam.he goes to school by bike. though he is young, he can do it well.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型共7页,当前第2页1234567主语+不及物动词she came./ my head aches.主语+及物动词+宾语she likes english.主语+系动词+主语补语she is happy.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语she gave john a book.she bought a book for me.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语she makes her mother angry.the teacher asked me to read the passage.(there +be there lies a book on the desk. )exercises分析下列句子成分1. our school is not far from my home.2. it is a great pleasure to talk with you3. all of us considered him honest.4. my grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. he broke a piece of glass.6. he made it clear that he would leave the city.7. ---i love you more than her,child .8. tees turn green when spring comes.9. they pushed the door open. 10. grandma told me an interesting story last night.11. he wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.all the students think highly of his teaching13. we need a place twice larger than this one. 14. he asked us to sing an english song.15. don't get nervous,help yourself to what you like.16.we will make our school more beautiful.17. he didn't come.that is why he didn't know.18. she showed us her many of her pictures.19. the old man lives a lonely life.20. luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.21. the cars made in japan are better than those in germany.22. there are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.23. no matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. go back where you came from. 25. we must do whatever the people want us to do.26. at last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. would you please pass me the cup?28 mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. do you know the latest news about him?30. i’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻译练习:主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)共7页,当前第3页1234567 1你应当努力学习。