2016静安区高三英语二模试卷及答案
静安区2015学年第二学期高三年级教学质量检测英语试卷2016. ４考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1-11页）和第II卷（第12页），全卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
第I卷（共103分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. The traffic is too heavy. B. He can’t get up that early.C. There is no bus that early.D. He is always late.2. A. In her office. B. At home. C. In a call box. D. In a supermarket.3. A. Swimming. B. Tennis. C. Skiing. D. Running.4. A. Tuesday morning. B. Tuesday afternoon.C. Wednesday morning.D. Wednesday afternoon.5. A. They will meet Mike on the way . B. They will have an early start.C. Mike is usually late.D. Mike may not come tomorrow.6. A. He enjoyed food there. B. The place was beautiful.C. He saw fireworks.D. He met an old friend.7. A. To call Sam. B. To make her address book tidy.C. To buy a new mobile phone.D. To go out with the man.8. A. Jane is going to be an accountant. B. Jane is eager to go home for the vacation.C. Jane won’t spend the summer at home.D. Jane is already on her way home.9. A. The neighbor shouldn’t decorate the house.B. The neighbor shouldn’t slee p early.C. The neighbor should not make noises at night.D. The neighbor should move out.10. A. Things in France are really cheap.B. Things in France are not cheap as are expected.C. Things in France are the most expensive in the world.D. Things in France are cheaper than in US.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She sat back and relaxed. B. She decided to retire.C. She entered university.D. She worked out a new English program.12. A. Bring a great deal of useful experience to the university.B. Improve human relationships in the university.C. Bring a fear of aging among young students on the campus.D. Improve the reputation of the university.13. A. English and drama. B. How to make sound judgments.C. How to teach minority students.D. To observe, not to judge.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. A natural disaster. B. A power failure.C. Homeless farmers.D. A serious accident.15. A. Jews and some Arabs. B. Arabs and North Africans.C. Jews and North Africans.D. North Americans and some Arabs.16. A. Exchange them for banks. B. Save them for travelers.C. Collect them for poor children.D. Spend them on duty-free goods.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks l7 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )Is It Safe to Fly With an Infant on Your Lap?Federal (联邦的) transportation safety officials are using the deadly crash of an overloaded plane in Montana to restore (25) ______________ long-standing debate about whether small children should be allowed to travel on the laps (大腿部) of adults.The 10-seater plane crashed as it (26) ______________( land ) in Butte in March 2009, killing all 14 people aboard, including seven children. Investigators say that several of the children were found far from the plane, suggesting that they weren’t properl y restrained.The National Transportation Safety Board is asking regulators to require all passengers to have their own seats and seat belts, including children under the age of 2,who(27) ______________ ( allow ) to sit on an adult’s lap now.The crash was so severe that it’s unlikely anybody would have survived even with proper restraints, (28) ______________ the “accident renews the NTSB’s longstanding concerns” about the restraints, the recommendation reads.The FAA (联邦航空局) agrees that the safest place for a child on a flight is in a seat using an(29) ______________ ( approve ) child restraint and not on an adult’s lap.But the FAA won’t make it a requirement because the agency believes many families with small children wouldn’t pay the cost of an extra ticket, and instead would travel by highway, which statistically is much more dangerous than air travel.Last decade, the FAA considered(30) ______________( change ) the rule, but decided against it, (31) ______________ ( refer ) to statistics (统计数字) from 2004 showing nearly 43,000 people died on U.S. highways, compared to 13 on commercial flights.“What we found was (32) ______________ there were some parents who would be sensitive to price and they would choose to drive instead of fly,” FAA spo keswoman Alison Duquette said. “We would be forcing them into automobiles, which are less safe.”( B )Computers and GirlsThe girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of (33) ______________ the researchers call a major new gender gap in technology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Women says, “Girls tend to be (34) ______________ ( comfortable ) than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than to discover new ways in which (35) ______________( understand) information.”After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University Women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls constantly rate (36) ______________ significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys (37) ______________ the classroom.The instructor of this computer lab says he’s already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, “Boys are not so afraid that they might do something that will harm the computer, (38) ______________girls are afraid they might break it somehow.”The software company Purple Moon says it has found what girls want --- characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what’s going on in their own lives. K aren Gould of Purple Moon Software says, “What we have definitely found from girls is that there is no essential reason(39) ______________ they wouldn’t want to play on a computer; it was just a content thing.”The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this --- the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys (40) ______________ be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the 21st century.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientific breakthroughs mean that life expectancy continues to rise every year. But the medical advances which now make it possible to think about living to a very great age --- if not forever --- also raise profound practical and ethical issues.Is immortality (永生) a realistic __41__?Not for the foreseeable future. In last year’s Reith lectures, the gerontologist (老年病学家) Professor Tom Kirkwood firmly quashed (打消) the idea that genetic engineering might result in s ome kind of “fountain of youth”. Considering how __42__slow the battles against cancer, heart disease and strokes have been, he said, it is fanciful to imagine that we could conquer death. On the other hand, scientists do now understand more about why we age, and what can be done to slow down the pro cess. “Our ancestral genes placed limited __43__on long-term maintenance and repair,” says Kirkwood . “Ageing comes about through the gradual build-up of __44__ faults in the cells and tissues of our bodies, not as the result of some active mechanism for deathanddestruction.” The __45__ , then, is to help the body repair the damage done by wear and tear.How can that be done?In many different ways, some of which are already pretty common. Organ transplants from pigs and monkeys are now old news --- the American politician Jesse Helms has just had a ten-year-old pig valve (瓣膜) in his heart __46__. Doctors have succeeded in __47__computerized implants directly to nerve fibres, allowing the deaf to hear, and there is hope that electrodes (电极) planted in the brain may soon offer hope for the blind to see. But the real __48__at the moment lies in the field of stem cells ---special cells that allow lizards (蜥蜴) to grow new tails and humans to grow new skin over __49__cuts. If scientists can learn how to control these cells, they could be used to reproduce parts of the body that are __50__.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病)and Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病) are common and many notable people have developed them, they have received more public attention. Alzheimer’s DiseaseMany people imagine that Alzheimer’s disease, the degenerative (退化的)disorder that eventually leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. While the risks of contracting the disease increase with age, there are many elderly people whose memories are perfect. Most of us are so ill-__51__ about all forms of memory loss that we label everything as “Alzheimer’s ”. Alzheimer’s disease itself can affect people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also __52__ the blame for other non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. __53__, only an examination of the brain tissue during an autopsy (解剖) can produce an accurate __54__ of the disease.The causes of Alzheimer’s are unknown. They may be either __55__ or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13,000 people whose parents or siblings had the disease showed they had five times __56__ chance of passing away by the age of 80 than those with no family history of the problem.__57__, there are other factors. In a study of identical twins, it was found that only about half of the twin pairs develop ed Alzheimer’s and, when both twins __58__ it, they did so as much as 15 years apart. The possibility that environment plays a part was boosted by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other group in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher incidence of the disease.Aluminum (铝) has been blamed for the development of Alzheimer’s. This is because a high level aluminum has been found in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time that aluminum was becoming widely __59__ for use in cooking pots.Memory loss, __60__ in performing familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all indicators of the beginning of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, then verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go.Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system which __61__ more than one million Americans. Individuals with PD lack the substance dopamine (多巴胺), which is __62__ for the central nervous system’s control of muscle activity. Parkinson’s Disease is often characterized by shake, inflexibility in limbs and joints, speech disability and difficulty in __63__ physical movement. Late in the course of the disease, some patients develop dementia (痴呆症) and eventually Alzheimer’s disease. __64__, some Alzheimer patients develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Medications such as levodopa (左多巴), which changes itself into dopamine once inside the brain, which prevents degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons (神经细胞), are used to improve diminished or __65__ motor symptoms in PD patients, but do not correct the mental changes that occur.51. A. judged B. equipped C. informed D. advised52. A. take B. put C. lay D. hold53. A. On the other hand B. For example C. After all D. In the end54. A. description B. demonstration C. diagnosis D. illustration55. A. natural B. instinctual C. genetic D. internal56. A. slighter B. fainter C. less D. more57. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Finally58. A. came up with B. did away with C. went down with D. put up with59. A. available B. valuable C. memorable D. inaccessible60. A. complaint B. difficulty C. ease D. complexity61. A. touch B. influence C. concern D. affect62. A. important B. unimportant C. priceless D. worthless63. A. stopping B. changing C. initiating D. controlling64. A. Additionally B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Particularly65. A. treated B. showed C. released D. reducedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )The stylistic innovation in painting known as Impressionism began in the 1870’s.The Impressionists wanted to depict (描绘) what they saw in nature, but they were inspired to portray incomplete moments by the increasingly fast pace of modern life. They concentrated on the play of light over objects, people, and nature, breaking up seemingly solid surfaces, stressing vivid contrast between colors in sunlight and shade, and depiction reflected light in all of its possibilities. Unlike earlier artists, they did not want to observe the world from indoors. They abandoned the studio, painting in the open air and recording spontaneous（自然的）impressions of their subjects instead of making outside sketches and then moving indoors to complete the work from memory.Some of the impressionists’ painting methods were affected by technological advances. For example, the shift from the studio to the open air was made possible in part by the arrival ofcheap rail travel, which permitted easy and quick access to the countryside or seashore, as well as by newly developed chemical dyes and oils that led to folding paint tubes, which enabled artists to finish their paintings on the spot.Impressionism acquired its name not from supporters but from angry art lovers who felt threatened by the new painting. The term “Impressionism” was born in 1874, when a group of artists who had been working together organized an exhibition of their paintings in order to draw public attention to their work. Reaction from the public and press was immediate, and derisive (嘲笑的). Among the 165 paintings exhibited was one called Impression: Sunrise, by Claude Monet (1840-1926).Viewed through hostile eyes, Monet’s painting of a rising sun over a misty, watery scene seemed messy, hurried, and an insult to good taste. Borrowing Monet’s title, art critics extended the term “Impressionism” to the entire exhibit. In response, Monet a nd his 29 fellow artists in the exhibit adopted the same name as a symbol of their unity, despite individual differences. From then until 1886 Impressionism had all the enthusiasm for a “church”, as the painter Renoir put it. Monet was faithful to the Impressionist belief until his death, although many of the others moved on to new styles.66. Which of the following was one of the distinguishing characteristics of Impressionist paintingaccording to the passage?A. The emphasis on people rather than nature scenes.B. The way the subjects were presented from multiple angles.C. The focus on small solid objects.D. The depiction of the effects of light and color.67. The exhibition of paintings organized in 1874 resulted in all of the followingEXCEPT___________.A. attracting attention from the publicB. a negative reaction from the pressC. an immediate demand for the paintings exhibitedD. creating a name for a new style of painting68. Which of the following caused the rejection of the impressionist exhibition?A. The small number of paintings on display.B. Lack of interest in exhibitions by young artists.C. The similarity between all the paintings exhibited.D. Anger about seemingly poorly painted art.69. What aspect of painting in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?A. The impact of some artists’ resistance to the fast pace of life.B. The differences between two major styles of art.C. A technological advance in the materials used by artists.D. A group of artists with a new technique and approach to art.( B )∙RIO DE JANEIRO∙∙ lists the countries and athletes who have booked their placesMedals will be fought for in 42 sport disciplines at the Rio 2016 Olympic Gamesmore than 200 countries are battlingOlympic Games. All over the world, qualification tournaments are taking place, while athletes are striving to rise up the world rankings or record the marks necessary to compete in Rio nextARCHERY ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS ATHLETICS BADMINTON BASKETBALL BEACH VOLLEYBALL BMX CYCLING BOXING70. Which of the following is correct according to the web page?A.Athletes and teams are battling for 42 places in qualifying competitions.B.Qualification can be achieved according to the world rankings of the athletes.C.All qualified athletes who have earned places will be sent to the Rio Olympics.D.The qualification system for football is determined by IOC.71. When you click on the sports, you will probably read the following information EXCEPT___________.A.the Olympic qualification system for each of the 42 sportsB.the list of the countries that have qualified for the OlympicsC.the official release of the qualifying competitions resultsD.the world rankings of the athletes in previous years72. Which of the following about “a quota place for the Olympics” is NOT correct?A.Each nation must earn a quota place to send athletes to the Olympic Games.B.It is possible that unplaced athletes will win quota places for the Olympic Games.C. A quota place guarantees the athlete who earns it will be competing in theOlympic Games.D.Each National Olympic Committee makes the final decision on which athlete to fill thequota.( C )The Federal Communications Commission (联邦通讯委员会) (FCC) Chairman Kevin Martin just relaunched the formal review of media ownership rules. The agency’s “Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking,” issued July 25, is vague, but its intention is clear: to let a few giant media corporations swallow up more local television channels, radio stations and newspapers in a single market. Martin’s main target is the ban on “newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership” that prohibits one company from owning the major daily newspaper as well as radio and TV stations in th e same area. He’d also like to allow one company to own more than one TV station in smaller markets, and more than two in the largest cities. A few powerful firms in major cities have won waivers (弃权) to the ban, or at least delays on enforcement, but those are the exceptions.That Déjà vu you’re feeling is because the FCC tried to push through the same rule changes in 2003 under then-Chairman Michael Powell. In response, millions of people --- encouraged by groups such as the National Rifle Assn. and the National Organization for Women --- contacted the FCC and Congress to voice their opposition. The FCC approved the rule changes anyway, only to see them nearly overturned by Congress and then rejected by the courts. Despite the overwhelming public opposition, Martin’s latest attempt to eliminate cross-ownership rules is driven by the massive lobbying (游说) of a cartel (企业联盟) of second-tier big media companies specializing in newspaper and broadcast station ownership, such as Gannett, Media General and Tribune. Their motive is bigger profits.But what’s good for Big Media’s bottom line isn’t always good f or the rest of us. The first victim of “media company towns” would be journalism. When one firm owns most of a city’s news outlets, who needs a bunch of competing newsrooms? Investigative reporting and extensive local coverage requires a costly staff. It’s far cheaper to syndicate (出售给多个媒体) fare fromheadquarters than to support a diversity of local voices. If your readers and viewers don’t like it, where else are they going to go?Once the big chains start selling and exchanging their properties to build up larger fiefdoms (地盘),the already declining number of independent and minority owners will be further squeezed out. Today, just one in five daily newspapers is owned by individuals or companies that don’t own any other newspapers. According to the most recent FCC data, fewer than 4% of radio stations and 2% of TV stations are owned by minorities.Industry and Wall Street publicity says local media can’t compete without further consolidation (整合). Yet media companies already enjoy higher profit margins than most industries. They say we must deregulate (解除控制). But radio and TV station ownership is by definition regulated --- these are the public airwaves and there are only so many channels available in a community. The only question is on whose behalf will Washington make the rules: major media companies or the public?73. The rule on “newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership” intends to ___________.A. prevent companies from owning both television and radio stationsB. limit a company from owning more than one television stationC. replace giant media corporations with media company townsD. protect local voices, vigorous competition and diverse viewpoints74. Which of the following will probably happen if the FCC’s rule changes are approved?A. The government will completely dominate public speech.B. The public will voice their strong opposition to Congress.C. The number of radios and TV stations will decline sharply.D. The local media competition will be almost eliminated.75. “Déjà vu”( Line l, Paragraph 2 ) probably means a feeling that___________.A. a new situation has occurred beforeB. a familiar situation becomes unfamiliarC. the situation has run out of controlD. the situation is better than expected76. Which of the following is true according to the text?A.The former chairman of the FCC ignored public opinion with a risk.B. A company is forbidden to own more than one newspaper.C. The local news outlets are controlled by independent companies.D. Media industry used to be an unprofitable industry.77. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Can We Hear More Local Voices?B. Do We Really Want Big Media to Get Even Bigger?C. How Will FCC’s Action Affect Consumers?D. How Will Washington Make Media Ownership Rules?Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Employers in so me unlikely places say they’re having trouble filling jobs. Factory managers in Ho Chi Minh city report many of their $62-a-month workers went home for the Tet (越南春节)holiday in February and never came back. In Bulgaria, computer experts are in such demand that they can’t be bothered to answer the want ads of a Los Angeles movie studio. And in Peoria, Caterpillar Inc. is struggling to train enough service technicians. The problem in each case: not enough people who are both able and willing to do the work for the posted p ay. “We’ve got a global problem and it’s going to continue to get worse,” says Stephen Hitch, a human resources manager at Caterpillar.A global labor shortage, already being felt by some employers, appears to have worsened in recent months. That’s in spite of widely publicized layoffs, including Citigroup’s plans to dismiss as many as 15,000 staff. In fact, U. S. unemployment remains low --- just 4.5% in February --- and even companies in countries with higher jobless rates are feeling under great pressure. “It’s not just a U. S. phenomenon,” says Jeffery A. Joerres, CEO of Manpower In c., the staffing agency. On March 29, Manpower was to release the results of a survey of nearly 37,000 employers in 27 countries. The study found that 41% of them are having trouble hiring people they need.What’s going on here? With global growth running at a strong 5% a year since 2004, the strategies that companies developed to hold down labor costs --- including offshoring (境外生产) work to low-wage countries --- are running out of gas far sooner than many expected. The seemingly inexhaustible pools of cheap labor from China, India, and elsewhere are drying up as demand exceeds the supply of people with the needed skills. “Companies were hoping they wouldn’t have to worry about human resources at all.” says Peter Capelli, director of the Center for Human Resources at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School.“Now they do.” Corporations are determined to keep labor costs under control, so they’re reaching deeper into their bag of tricks. Some are doing more in-house training, so they don’t have to hire high-priced talent on the open market. Some are lowering their standards for new hires or moving operations to undeveloped territories other outsourcers (外包商) haven’t discovered, such as the Belarusian capital, Minsk, or smaller cities in Bulgaria and Romania.( Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. It can be inferred that the Los Angeles movie studio ________________________________.79. Why won’t the able people go to fill the jobs ?__________________________________________________________________________.80. What did western companies think of the cheap labor market from Asian countries?__________________________________________________________________________.81. More in-house training in some companies aims at _________________________________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.在日本，是不允许在地铁和公共汽车上用手机打电话的。
静安区英语二模高考试卷
第一部分：听力理解（共25小题，每小题2分，共50分）Section A（共10小题）1. W: How was your weekend?M: It was great. I went hiking with my friends.Q: What did the man do last weekend?2. M: Can you help me find the nearest bank?W: Sure, it's just two blocks away.Q: Where is the nearest bank?3. W: I'm sorry, but I can't come to the party tonight.M: That's okay. There will be a lot of other people there.Q: What will the woman do tonight?4. M: I'm going to the library to study for my exams.W: Good luck! I hope you pass all of them.Q: What is the man doing?5. W: Do you think we should buy a new car?M: I think we should wait a few months and save some money.Q: What does the man suggest?6. M: I'm tired of working all day. Do you want to go to the movies? W: That sounds like a great idea. Let's go.Q: What are they planning to do?7. W: I heard that you got a promotion at work.M: Yes, I'm very happy about it. It's a great opportunity.Q: What happened to the man?8. M: How was your vacation?W: It was amazing. I went to Paris and saw the Eiffel Tower.Q: Where did the woman go on vacation?9. W: I'm sorry, but I can't finish the project on time.M: Don't worry. We can work on it together.Q: What will the man do?10. M: Do you have any plans for this weekend?W: Not yet. I'm thinking of going to the beach.Q: What does the woman want to do this weekend?Section B（共15小题）11. W: Excuse me, could you tell me where the bathroom is?M: Sure, it's down the hall and to the left.Q: Where is the bathroom?12. M: I can't believe it's already 5 o'clock. I didn't get much done today.W: Well, it's been a busy week.Q: What do we know about the day?13. W: I'm worried about my math test next week.M: Don't worry. Study hard and you'll do fine.Q: What is the man's advice?14. M: I think I lost my phone. Have you seen it anywhere?W: No, I haven't seen it. Maybe you left it at the restaurant.Q: What happened to the man's phone?15. W: I'm planning to go to China next year.M: That sounds exciting. Have you started planning your trip?Q: What is the woman planning to do?16. M: I heard that you're moving to a new house.W: Yes, we're moving to the suburbs. It's a bigger house and a quieter neighborhood.Q: Why are they moving?17. W: I can't find my wallet. Do you think I left it at the store?M: Maybe. You should check your bag.Q: What is the woman looking for?18. M: I'm sorry, but I can't come to the meeting tonight.W: That's okay. We can reschedule it for next week.Q: What will they do?19. W: I'm tired of working all the time. Do you want to go out for a drink?M: That sounds good. Let's go to the bar.Q: What are they planning to do?20. M: I heard that you got a new job.W: Yes, I started working at a new company last week.Q: What happened to the woman?21. W: I'm going to visit my grandparents this weekend.M: That sounds like a great idea. I haven't seen them in a while.Q: What is the woman planning to do?22. M: I can't believe how expensive the groceries are these days.W: I know. It's getting harder to afford everything.Q: What do we know about the groceries?23. W: I'm going to the gym tomorrow morning.M: Good for you. It's important to stay active.Q: What is the woman planning to do?24. M: I'm sorry, but I can't finish the report on time.W: Don't worry. We can work on it together.Q: What will the man do?25. W: Do you have any plans for this weekend?M: Not yet. I'm thinking of going to the beach.Q: What does the man want to do this weekend?第二部分：阅读理解（共25小题，每小题2分，共50分）Passage 1The Internet has become an integral part of our lives, providing us with access to information, entertainment, and communication. However, with this convenience comes the risk of online fraud and cybercrime. To protect ourselves, it is important to be aware of the common types of online threats and to take steps to safeguard our personal information.One of the most common types of online fraud is phishing. This involves sending emails that appear to be from legitimate sources, such as banks or online retailers, in order to trick individuals into providing their personal information. Another common threat is identity theft, where someone steals your personal information and uses it to commit fraud or open new accounts in your name.To protect yourself from these threats, it is important to be cautious when providing personal information online. Always check the URL of thewebsite before entering any sensitive information, and be wary of emails that ask for personal information. It is also important to keep your computer and software up to date to protect against malware and viruses.Questions 1-51. What is the main topic of the passage?2. What is phishing?3. How can you protect yourself from online fraud?4. Why is it important to keep your computer and software up to date?5. What is the purpose of the passage?Passage 2Traveling is one of the best ways to learn about different cultures and gain new experiences. However, it is important to be prepared before embarking on a trip to ensure that you have a safe and enjoyable experience. Here are some tips for planning a successful trip:1. Research your destination: Learn about the local customs, laws, and traditions to avoid any misunderstandings or legal issues.2. Pack wisely: Pack only what you need and make sure to bring any necessary documents, such as your passport, visa, and travel insurance.3. Stay healthy: Make sure to get any required vaccinations and to bring along any medication you may need.4. Stay safe: Keep your valuables secure and be cautious when exploring new areas.5. Plan your itinerary: Research attractions and activities in advance to make the most of your time.Questions 6-106. What is the main purpose of the passage?7. Why is it important to research your destination?8. What should you bring with you when traveling?9. What are some tips for staying safe while traveling?10. What should you do before planning your itinerary?Passage 3The impact of climate change is becoming increasingly evident around the world. Rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and loss of biodiversity are just a few of the consequences of climate change. To address these challenges, it is important for individuals, communities, and governments to take action to reduce our carbon footprint and promote sustainability.One way to reduce our carbon footprint is to adopt a more sustainable lifestyle. This includes using public transportation, reducing waste, and consuming less energy. Another important step is to support policies and initiatives that promote renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Individual actions can also make a significant difference. For example, planting trees, recycling, and using energy-efficient appliances can all contribute to a healthier planet. By working together, we can create a more sustainable future for ourselves and future generations.Questions 11-1511. What is the main topic of the passage?12. What are some consequences of climate change?13. What can individuals do to reduce their carbon footprint?14. Why is it important to promote sustainability?15. What is the purpose of the passage?第三部分：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）The 21st century has brought about many changes in our lives. Technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and live. However, these changes have also brought about challenges that we need to address.One of the biggest challenges is the 16 of information. With the internet, we have access to an 17 amount of information, but it can be difficult to 18 what is 19 and what is not. This can lead to confusion and 20.Another challenge is the 21 of technology. While technology has made our lives easier, it has also created a sense of 22. Many people feel 23 by their devices, and this can lead to social isolation and other 24.To address these challenges, we need to 25 a balanced approach to technology. We should use technology to improve our lives, but we should also be 26 to its potential negative effects. Here are some tips for 27 technology:1. Limit screen time: Spend less time in front of screens and more time 28 with family and friends.2. Stay informed: Be 29 about the information you consume and 30critical thinking skills.3. Practice digital detox: Take regular breaks from technology to 31 your mind and 32 your well-being.4. Develop digital literacy: Learn how to use technology safely and responsibly.By following these tips, we can 33 the benefits of technology while minimizing its negative effects.Questions 16-3016. A. abundance B. overload C. access D. availability17. A. immense B. vast C. enormous D. significant18. A. identify B. recognize C. distinguish D. discern19. A. accurate B. true C. reliable D. valid20. A. confusion B. stress C. anxiety D. frustration21. A. impact B. influence C. effect D. influence22. A. dependence B. addiction C. obsession D. reliance23. A. overwhelmed B. exhausted C. tired D. fatigued24. A. issues B. problems C. challenges D. difficulties25. A. adopt B. adopt C. adopt D. adopt26. A. aware B. conscious C. mindful D. cautious27. A. managing B. controlling C. using D. dealing28. A. interacting B. communicating C. connecting D. engaging29. A. aware B. conscious C. mindful D. cautious30. A. develop B. improve C. enhance D. strengthen31. A. relax B. unwind C. refresh D. rejuvenate32. A. improve B. enhance C. boost D. strengthen33. A. maximize B. utilize C. optimize D. exploit第四部分：短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）On the first day of school, I arrived at my new classroom and noticed that the teacher was Mr. Smith. He looked friendly and I felt a little nervous. Mr. Smith welcomed us and explained the rules of the class. He also introduced us to our classmates and told us that we would be working in groups for our projects.During the break, I saw a group of students playing chess. I was curious and decided to join them. We played for a while and had a great time. After the break, we had a math test. I was not very good at math, but I tried my best. When the test was over, Mr. Smith corrected our papers and gave us our grades.The next day, I felt more confident and ready for the challenges ahead.I was looking forward to learning from Mr. Smith and making new friends.1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. __________7. __________8. __________9. __________10. __________第五部分：书面表达（共1题，25分）Write an email to your friend, telling them about your recent trip to a new city. Include the following points:1. The city you visited and why you chose it.2. Your first impression of the city.3. Some interesting places you visited and what you did there.4. The people you met and your interactions with them.5. Your overall impression of the city and whether you would like to visit again.Remember to write in an appropriate and friendly tone.。
上海市四区2016届高三英语5月质量调研测试(二模)试题(含答案)
2016年高三年级质量调研测试（二模）英语试卷第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At home. B. In his office.C. At school.D. In the meeting room.2. A. Boss and secretary. B. Brother and sister.C. Teacher and student.D. Customer and shop assistant.3. A. The man needs to be up all night. B.It’s wise of the man to study English.C. The man should get some sleep.D. It’s easy for the man to stay up late.4. A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six.5. A. She used to be healthier. B. Jogging does do good to her.C. She didn’t like exercise before.D. Jogging is never part of her life.6. A. The woman is willing to teach the man to use the machine.B. The man doesn’t want to be bothered by the woman.C. The clerk should have made more copies.D. The clerk won’t come back to make any copies.7. A. He likes to eat Italian food. B. He wishes to pay the bill.C. He wants to be treated there.D. He intends to prepare lunch.8. A. She is studying French in Canada. B. She stayed in Canada for two weeks.C. She is planning to return to Canada.D. She spent the Spring Festival in Canada.9. A. He prefers yellow to brown. B. He doesn’t like either of the colours.C. He chooses both yellow and brown.D. He doesn’t care much about colo ur.10. A. His wife often complains about everything.B. He didn’t want to cut his wife’s long hair.C. His wife didn’t take his sensible advice.D. He really likes his wife’s new hairstyle.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They wanted him to support the family by selling books.B. They thought him unable to earn enough money as a painter.C. They expected him to take over their business as a bookseller.D. They found him unfit to be a painter due to his personality.12. A. Morse got the inspiration from electricity.B. People were generous to Morse for his paintings.C. Longer codes were used for common letters in telegraph.D. Messages often failed to reach their destinations in the 1800s.13. A. A way of conveying messages. B. The main functions of telegraph.C. A brief introduction of Morse.D. The symbols of Morse code.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Endurance. B. Exhausted. C. Survivor. D.That’ll teach ’em.15. A. It aims at making money. B. It gets adults involved.C. It is unpleasant.D. It is educational.16. A. They are extremely dangerous. B. They are over commercial.C. They are entirely fictional.D. They are quite popular.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations willbe read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)About dancing bearsYoung bears are captured in the wild, separated from their mothers, and taught by a trainer to become dancing bears in conditions of unimaginable cruelty.The young animals are forced on to sheets of really hot metal and, (25) ______ (escape) the pain, the bears alternate lifting up one paw (爪子) and then another while music is played. The process is repeated again and again (26) ______ the animals automatically begin to raise their paws – to “dance”– in fear of the pain, even when there are no metal sheets.As the bears get older, the trainers keep them under control by imposing pain. They do this by putting rings through the bears’ highly sensitive noses and jaws. The pitiful truth is (27) ______ they are not put to sleep for this painful process. Chains (28) ______ (attach) to the rings so the trainers can control the a nimals, (29) ______ weigh up to 350 kilograms, with only a slight pull on the chains.The bears’ nails are cut several times a year and their teeth broken or removed in order that they cannot get their trainers (30) ______ (injure). The bears also suffer with an inadequate diet usually (31) ______ (consist) of white bread, sugar and cheap fruit juices. All these cause the bears serious physical health problems (32) ______ ______ many of them display strange behavior such as swaying (摇摆) and pacing as they cannot follow natural behavioral patterns and instincts.(B)The Power of GoodIt was Mother’s Day morning last year and I was shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we realised that only minutes (33) ______ (early) an elderly woman had fallen and hurt (34) ______ badly. She was embarrassed and clearly in shock. Fortunately, her husband was with her and many people had stopped to help out. Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about (35) ______ had happened to the elderly couple. He said to me, “(36) ______ (fall) over in front of everyone isn’t much fun.”Near the entrance of the supermarket, a charity group had set up a stall selling flowers. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It will make her feel better,” he said. I was amazed that he would have this sweet idea, so I asked the flower seller if I (37) _____ buy a flower for the elderly lady because my son wanted to give it to her to cheer her up. “Just take it,” she replied. “I can’t take your money for such wonderful gesture.”By then a nurse (38) ______ (arrive), and was attending to the woman. As we walked up to her, Tenyson became frightened by all the blood and medical equipment. Instead I gave (39) ______ flower to the woman’s husband. The old man thanked us both, then bent down and gave it to his wife, telling her who it was (40) ______. Despite being badly hurt and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Ecotours are unique adventures that join nature and sightseeing into one exciting package. Learning about the environment and the world around us is the 41 of an ecotour because you get to experience the natural world firsthand. A great way for students studying biology and environmental sciences to experience 42 life and nature is to take your own ecotour! Orlando airboat rides can give you an experience to remember and can be a fun and 43 way to learn more about the Florida environment.Ecotours involve travelling to a natural envir onment where you are guided by a(n) 44helping you learn about the surrounding environment and extend your environmental education. This can include learning how the plants and animals on your Orlando airboat rides 45 from each other, or you can be simply becoming more aware of preservation efforts towards the Everglades, the largest wetland in North America.Orlando airboat rides can help you learn about Florida history, observe alligators(短吻鳄) and other wildlife, and experience the 46 nature of the muddy wilderness. Taking an ecotour can help you become more aware of your environment and further instruct you on the impact we have on the environment. Our goal is to help you understand the Everglades and how important it is to 47 the wetland.Wild Florida provides the perfect opportunity for a school trip that satisfies those 48 with learning more about environmental sciences, or to those just curious about the Everglades. Hands-on and active learning on an airboat ride is often a more exciting and adventurous 49 to sitting in a classroom, so why not plan your ecotrip with Wild Florida?Wild Florida is reputable for 50 in creating an exciting and unique ecotour that’s fun for everyone in your family! You will be flying through the muddy Everglades in our airboat rides while observing and learning about alligators, bald birds, the history of the Everglades, and so much more. Book your Orlando airboat rides today by calling us at 407-901-2563 to experience a one-of-a-kind ecotour that you won’t soon forget.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Over the last 15 years, digital communication has brought in more changes than the printing press did in 1570. And those most likely to use them in this world are teenagers, whose brains appear to have an extraordinary volume to adapt to the world around them, according to Dr Jay Giedd, a(n) 51brain expert.We are now discovering that, as a species, our brains during the teenage years are stillflexible and capable of 52 . Having a more flexible brain, 53 , means that certain parts of it, such as desire control and the ability to make long-term decisions, haven’t developed yet, which may also explain why we spend a(n) 54 period living under the protection of our parents rather than leaving home at the age of 12 or 13. This also means that the teenage brain can adapt to new technology, enabling teenagers to 55 the increasing pace of digital technology and giving them an advantage when it comes to multitasking.In the USA, on average teenagers spend 8.5 hours a day using computers, mobiles, and other devices to learn, interact, and play. T his increases to 11.5 hours if you includea l l o f t h e56 that goes on, such as talking on the phone while watching TV. As they stare at these screens, they’re taking in and sorting through an incredible amount of information.There are 57 about how social media is affecting the way the brain learns to 58 , as one of the most important skills that we learn as children is how to make friends and interact with people around us. Geidd says that a lot of what goes on inside our brains is social. Social interactions are now being 59 by technology –you could have hundreds of friends, all of whom are real people that you in teract with and scientists aren’t sure whether we’ll be able to develop the same 60 using social media.There is a(n) 61 of the growing digital trend: YouTube shows the teenagers all over the world are watching the same videos and laughing at the same jokes, indicating that they are more62 than teenagers in the past. They may be keen on 63 their friends and posting updates on social media sites, but teenagers today are probably going to have access t o technology and 64social and educational opportunities that anyone with a less flexible brain may have trouble imagining. Nevertheless, there is a cut-off point, and by the age of 30, our brains in their ways, making it more65 for us to adapt and cope with new technologies.51. A. digital B. adolescent C. surgical D. artificial52. A. functioning B. noticing C. adjusting D. deciding53. A. however B. therefore C. otherwise D. instead54. A. natural B. glorious C. limited D. extended55. A. keep up with B. come up with C. put up with D. end up with56. A. gossiping B. multitasking C. interacting D. playing57. A. reports B. curiosities C. concerns D. talks58. A. memorize B. sort C. imagine D. socialize59. A. changed B. controlled C. troubled D. interrupted60. A. trends B. attitudes C. societies D. skills61. A. advantage B. distraction C. indication D. history62. A. absent-minded B. global-minded C. quick-minded D. serious-minded63. A. accessing B. texting C. discovering D. watching64. A. on the whole B. as a result C. in other words D. by all means65. A. flexible B. important C. difficult D. incredibleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sebastian Faulks has written many novels, including Devil May Care, the latest James Bond book. This cutting comes from a very different kind of novel called Charlotte Gray. The setting is a transit (中转) camp near Paris during the Second World War, where a group of people, including two small children, Andre and Jacob, await transport to take them to a concentration camp outside France. Although these people –the ‘deportees’ of the cutting – are not fully aware of this, they face certain death.The Last NightAndre was lying on the floor when a man came with postcards on which the deportees might write a final message. He advised them to leave them at the station or throw them from the train as camp orders forbade access to the post. Two or three pencils that had survived the camps search were passed round among the people in the room. Some wrote with weeping passion, some with great care, as though their safety, or at least the way in which they were remembered, depended upon their choice of words.A woman came with a sandwich for each child to take on the journey. She also had a bucket of water, round which they gathered, holding out food cans they passed from one to another. One of the older boys hugged her in his gratitude, but the bucket was soon empty. When she was gone, there were only the small hours of the night to go through. Andre was lying on the straw, and Jacob leaned close to him for warmth.Five buses had come in through the main entrance, and now stood trembling in the corner of the yard. At a long table … the commandant of the camp himself sat with a list of names that another policeman was calling out in alphabetical order. Andre heard his name and moved with Jacob towards the bus. From the other side of the courtyard, from windows open on the dawn, a shower of food was thrown towards them by women crying and calling out their names.Andre looked up, and in a chance angle of light he saw a woman’s face in which the eyes were fixed with terrible fierceness on a child beside him. Why did she stare as though she hated him? Then it came to Andre that she was not looking in hatred, but had kept her eyes so intensely open in order to fix the picture of her child in her mind. She was looking to remember, for ever. …66. What can we learn from the first part of the passage?A. The background and the situation of World War II.B. The transit camp and the transportation in Paris.C. The author, the setting and the main characters.D. The main idea and the names on the list.67. Which of the following is true about the things going on in the transit camp?A. The deportees were eager to leave their final messages.B. A humble breakfast was served to children late that morning.C. Andre happened to witness the deportees’ routine camp life.D. The camp commandant stood by a long table calling the roll.68. The woman stared at her child fiercely probably because ______.A. she found her child was trembling and crying for foodB. she thought she would never see her child any moreC. she was filled with an attempt to escape from deathD. she was driven mad by the life in the transit camp69. The author told the story in a(n) ______ tone.A. casualB. desperateC. hatredD. innocent(B)What we doEFP Courses provide courses in English language and Britishculture. Our courses are aimed at students aged between 12 and17 who are at pre-intermediate level or above in English. Thecourses are held in Guildford, a historic town near London.Typical structure of a one-week courseup to 25 hours of English run by native speakers, qualified in teaching English as a foreign language and specialist drama teachers2 full-day sightseeing trips to London and Oxford (at weekends)full board (全食宿) with local, English-speaking familiesWhen we run the coursesEFP courses can be organized only during B ritish state school terms. For this academic year, courses can be booked between now and 23 May and between 30 May and 30 June. We welcome you to book from 3 September 2016 to 25 October 2016 and from 31 October to 20 December 2016.Why choose EFP coursesin addition to our standard English classes, we also run drama and expression English classes, taught by specialist drama teacherswe expose our students to British culture for the entire length of the coursewe tailor courses to each group’s needs, creating a unique experience for our students.Note that any changes to our courses are made within reason and only if all participants from a group share the same language level. Please see further details on our website.Length of a courseEFP courses run for either one or two weeks depending on the specific requirements for your group.How to applyPlease register your interest by sending an email to info@. Bycontacting us before you make any travel arrangements you ensure that we can put your group up on the dates that you require. For more details, please visit .See you in Guildford soon!70. What does the leaflet tell us about EFP courses?A.Their target students are teenagers of all English levels.B. They are available on the school campuses in London and Oxford.C. Every individual participant is supplied with tailored language support.D. They involve students in British culture activities during the whole course.71. Suppose you are to take EFP courses this academic year, you can ______.A. hand in an application by visiting their websiteB. enjoy a special series of lessons for a whole school termC. experience English dramas with English-speaking familiesD. make a reservation from October 31 to December 2072. The purpose of this writing is to ______.A. attract qualified teachers to EFP coursesB. demonstrate the popularity of EFP coursesC. offer group students access to EFP coursesD. illustrate the importance of EFP courses(C)Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir (嗡嗡声) of the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Deniliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere(南半球), once processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a destructiv e effect, reducing Australia’s rice crop by 98 percent and leading to the mothballing of the mill last December.Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice – from sheep farming, the country’s other backbone, to the cultiv ation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growing crop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice. The drought’s effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the world, so far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production.Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages – for example, rice that blooms earlier in the day, when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian countries as temperatures begin to cli mb. “There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice in place,” said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable.Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations(浓度) of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, can actually help rice – although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face unnecessary heat, inadequate water, severe pollution or other stresses. Still, the flexibility of farmers here has persuaded some climate experts that, particularly in developed countries, the effects of climate change may be relieved, if not completely avoided. “I’m not as negative as most people,” s aid Will Steffen, director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at Australian National University. “Farmers are learning how to do things differently.”Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs, as the developing world is discovering. “Rice is an essential food,” said Graeme Haley, the general manager of the town of Deniliquin. “Wine is not.”73. By “the mothballing of the mill” (in Paragraph 1) the author most probably means themill is ______.A. kept unprocessedB. left unusedC. being entirely restoredD. being pushed round74. To find the ways to cope with the global rice shortage, researchers are ______.A. seeking new types of rice which could bloom at a lower temperatureB. building greenhouses which could provide more heat for rice to growC. studying climate changes in China which may affect rice growing in AsiaD. looking for alternative agriculture industries which may take the place of rice75. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Rice plants are fond of higher temperature in the process of growing.B. Global warming has shown few signs of influence on agriculture.C. Rice prices are rising steadily owing to the crop failure in Australia.D. Global warming may contribute to more complicated weather conditions.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Australia is the largest rice producing country around the worldB. most people look on the bright side of the flexibility of farmersC. climate changes have simply brought negative effects to people’s livesD. wine grape cultivation has threatened the rice production in Australia77. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?A. Rice shortage and wine boomB. Drought, the enemy of rice productionC. Rice crisis and its solutionD. Rice issue, a focus of the public attentionSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.What colour is it today? What shape is that smell? What does that pain sound like? These questions might seem like nonsense, but four people in 100 might think they make perfect sense. That four percent have synesthesia, and they naturally experience certain sensestogether. One form of this is pairing numbers or letters with a fixed colour –a blue “1” or a red “D.” Other synesthetes, people with synesthesia, may think the word “hurricane” tastes salty. Yet others with “mirror-touch synesthesia” see someone hit on the head and also feel the hit themselves.Synesthesia is not completely understood though it is in our genes. The white matter (脑白质) of synesthetes is organized differently from that of people without synesthesia, which may account for the differences in perception(感知). Synesthesia is widely accepted and researched today, but that hasn’t always been true. Though it caught scient ific interest in the late 1800s, it was later rejected as a self-created way of thinking. But as people have become more fascinated by the differences in individual perception, a focus on synesthesia has been renewed. At the present time, scientists in various fields are examining the phenomenon.As scientists continue to study synesthesia, certain advantages have been noticed. Studies show that the sensation connections that synesthetes experience aid them in abilities related to memory. Researchers believe that this advantage may help stop the loss of cognitive (认知) function in the elderly. This aspect of synesthesia could even help patients recover from brain injuries. Synesthetes also tend to be artists, singers Pharrell Williams and Lady Gaga being som e famous examples. Most likely, synesthesia doesn’t give artistic sensitivity, but it’s understandable that seeing colours in music, for instance, could inspire art.Strong drugs and increasing blindness have been known to cause synesthesia, but these are not good options for obvious reasons. One recent emphasis of the study of synesthesia is to determine whether non-synesthetes can acquire it. For now, the University of East London is training adults to establish letter-colour connections for memory improvement to some effect. It may not be long before words taste like our favourite foods and our favourite songs look like fireworks.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. According to the passage synesthetes are those __________________.79. Why do synesthetes have sensation connections while the others don’t?80. What groups of people might profit from synesthesia according to the third paragraph?81. Scientists are training adults to establish letter-colour connections to prove thepossibility that __________________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 自上周起，孩子们就兴奋地聊着出游的打算了。
上海静安区2016-2020年五年高考二模英语试题汇编-概要写作专题 含答案
上海静安区2016-2020年五年高考二模英语试题汇编-概要写作专题2020届届届届届届届届届届届届届届届IV. Summary Writing51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When Everything Gets SmartIt still feels magical to light up your living room by saying “Alexa, turn on the lights.” Tech companies are adding internet connections to just about everything you can imagine. Cars, door locks, toasters, refrigerators, toothbrushes, motorcycle helmets. More and more technology powers are taking part in this trend — known by “the internet of things.”There is no denying that smart technology will lead to conveniences. You can use voice commands to turn on the lights, coffee maker and music. You can get reminders from your toothbrush to brush and tips on how best to do it. Thanks to the internet of things, you could live like the Beast in the Disney movie, with animated objects around taking care of your every need. That’s the appeal of smart homes for most people, and why they are supposed to be a $27 billion market by 2021.However, the facts are not always so rosy. The smart objects in your home can be a source of annoyance. Usually people have to download dozens of different apps to a smartphone to control everything, which means creating an account for each one of those apps. The fantasy of the smart home is that it will save us time and effort. But the trouble involved in getting various devices from different companies to work together means that many things may take longer to do.Worse still, there may be security risks. Smart home systems are part of a larger suite ( 套) devices, apps, websites and spaces that collect and analyze personal data about users. To get the full benefits of smart home systems, users must share their locations, routines, tastes in music, shopping history and so forth. It might manage your digital life quite well. On the other hand, however, providing so much personal information benefits companieslike Amazon. As they gain access to users’ personal information, they may capitalize on ( 获利) it in the form of targeted advertisements. Perhaps that’s why Wired magazine says, “Amazon’s next big business is selling you.”Smartened everything comes with broader security concerns. Unsecured devices connected to the “internet of things” can be targets for hackers. Access to smart devices might provide hackers a well-spring of useful data, including information about when users are home — or not.Considering the disadvantages, why not slow down a bit as we head toward an uncertain future?【答案】Connecting everything to the internet brings people conveniences. However, users can’t ignore the disadvantages. （要点1）Firstly, the seemingly smart home is time-consuming and troublesome. （要点2）Secondly, technology powers benefit from users’ personal data.（要点3）Thirdly, smartened everything makes it easy for hackers to target users. （要点4）Therefore, smart technology should be applied with caution.（要点5）【解析】【分析】本书面表达是一篇概要写作。
2016-年上海高考英语二模完形填空汇编+各区二模答案汇总
2016 年上海高考英语二模完形填空汇编Researchers recently find w omen likely face work environments that push against the “having it all” mentality, leading to feelings of guilt and depression.Trying to have it all could be bad for your mental health, according to a new study that finds that “supermoms” have higher rates of depression compared with working moms who let things 51 .The research, presented Aug. 20 at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in Las Vegas, finds that working is 52 for mothers’ mental health. But among working mothers, the least depressed are those who don’t expect to 53 work and family life perfectly, said study researcher Katrina Leupp, a graduate student at the University of Washington in Seattle. “The ideal that women can do it all actually 54 the level of depressive symptoms compared to women who were more doubtful about whether or not work and family can be balanced,” Leupp told LiveScience.Leupp analyzed survey 55 from 1,600 married women who participated in a large survey called the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. In 1987, the women answered questions to judge their support of women’s 56 , including whether they agreed with statements such as “Women are much happier if they stay at home and take care of their children.” In 1992 and 1994, the now 40-year-old women answered questions about their symptoms of depression. Like earlier studies, the survey data indicated that women who worked outside the home had fewer symptoms of depression, perhaps because outside work gives women more 57 interaction, more varied activities and a larger income, Leupp said. Among the employed women, though, the cheeriest were those who had indicated in their younger years the least 58 for women balancing career and family. The results held even after controlling for earlier levels of depression. “Somewhat 59 , women who don’t expect to be able to balance work and family have better mental health than those who do,” Leupp said.The study didn’t explain why optimistic (乐观的) views of balancing work and motherhood would60 later depression. “The reason may come down to 61 and real-world work environments,” Leupp said. “Women who expect to have it all probably come up against 62 that aren’t designed with work-life balance in mind. When they can’t balance everything perfectly, these supermoms are more likely to feel 63 .”“I think this research really speaks to a 64 between women’s expectations and the actual structure of the workplace,” Leupp said.“The takeaway for working moms is to temper their optimism about balancing 65 and employment and not to blame themselves if they struggle. Recognize that if it feels difficult, it’s because it is difficult.”51. A. happen B. continue C. slide D. end52. A. good B. ready C. hard D. possible53. A. protect B. share C. illustrate D. combine54. A. increased B. assessed C. reached D. influenced55. A. questions B. responses C. solutions D. instruments56. A. pregnancy B. marriage C. employment D. education57. A. cultural B. social C. positive D. verbal58. A. support B. tolerance C. concern D. respect59. A. deliberately B. aggressively C. ironically D. similarly60. A. result from B. relate to C. hold back D. call for61. A. families B. expectations C. surroundings D. requirements62. A. clubs B. hospitals C. governments D. workplaces63. A. excited B. embarrassed C. thrilled D. frustrated64. A. mismatch B. mistreat C. misunderstanding D. misinterpretation65. A. aging B. training C. schooling D. parentingTwo Newcastle scientists are setting themselves to open our eyes to the medical truth by claiming that natural sunlight may help prevent skin cancer.Dr. Ron Laura, professor of health education at Newcastle University, and senior chemist Mr. John Ashton said their research points to a complete __51______ of the accepted scientific theory. They said that sunscreen creams may help cause skin cancer, the artificial indoor light could be __52_____ and that a range of drugs in common use could also ___53____ melanoma--a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot on the skin.The research is likely to be unwelcome in some traditional medical research circles. It is based on a new __54_____ that our bodies are protected from skin cancer by the regulation of a group of complex vitamins (Vitamin D) and immune process.The sunscreens, artificial light and drugs could all unfavorably affect the production of these vitamins and increase the skin’s __55_____ to the sun. But Dr. Laura said natural sunlight passing through the eyes helped __56_____ the production of cancer protection Vitamin D.He said recent statistics from the United States indicated that people who worked indoors all day in artificial light were more __57_____ melanomas than those who worked outdoors. Indoor workers should try to have at least one hour of __58_____ to direct sunlight every day, ___59_____ in the early morning and late afternoon when ultraviolet intensively was lower, Dr. Laura said.Sunscreens, long __60_____ as essential for beach lovers, could also __61______ the production of Vitamin D. Laura and Ashton said sunscreens give people a __62_____ sense of security in thinking they are __63______ from the sun’s rays.Dr. Laura said more statistics ___64_____ their claim had come to light since the first article was published. He believes his research findings are too important to be __65______ to the scientific world.51. A. contribution B. reversal C. combination D. recognition52. A. beneficial B. comfortable C. harmful D. favorable53. A. promote B. reduce C. remove D. eliminate54. A. assumption B. law C. concept D. theory55. A. sensitivity B. resistance C. adaptation D. response56. A. monitor B. measure C. slow D. stimulate57. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. free of D. dependent on58. A. exercise B. reveal C. exposure D. experience59. A. occasionally B. preferably C. enjoyably D. extremely60. A. received B. popular C. accepted D. identified61. A .balance B. adjust C. prevent D. enhance62. A. false B. strong C. true D. sharp63. A. separated B. protected C. guarded D. prohibited64. A. presenting B. doubting C. backing D. providing65. A. limited B. emphasized C. acknowledged D. explainedHarvard LibraryIf we compare professors and students to the host of a university, then the library of a university can be compared to the hallway. The quality of a university, __51__, is in direct proportion to that of its library. At Harvard, the library is an essential part of everybody’s life. Both the quantity and the __52__ of the library make study a pleasant process.Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library in the United States, but the largest university library with the largest scale. In 1638 John Harvard __53__ his whole library to the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development, the library now holds 10 million books and __54__ more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by each school, there are some branch libraries that are __55__ in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its __56__ of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is thefirst library in the world that is __57__ for undergraduates. Widener Library is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library of Congress.What __58__ to be mentioned is the system or rather the service of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.. The main libraries are open until 10 p.m.. The libraries for undergraduates will even be open all night during the __59__ period. The libraries also provide with students the service of __60__ reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of a semester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians are __61__ to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them.There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for the library is limited, many books are __62__ in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the __63__ library within 24 hours after they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be fetched from the suburban library, the libraries on campus will send someone to do the job. This kind of __64__ which put readers in the first place is rare even in Ivy League. Therefore, study at Harvard will be a(n) __65__ experience.51.A.as a result B. to some extent C. on the contrary D. at all timesB. disciplineC. qualityD. prospect53.A. donated B. assigned C. adapted D. distributedB. composesC. involvesD. includesB. differentC. secureD. peculiar56.A.collections B. documents C. phenomena D. exhibitionsB. formallyC. speciallyD. especiallyB. happensC. appearsD. deserves59.A.examination B. experiment C. vacation D. graduation60.A.confirming B. preparing C. selecting D. designingB. willingC. reluctantD. responsibleB. reservedC. storedD. classified63.A.appointed B. accepted C. expected D. restrictedB. serviceC. activityD. responseB. creativeC. positiveD. enjoyableEducation plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must __51__ society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals. It is a group of individuals who __52__ a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear that we human beings are its building __53__. As we interact with people, try to understand their thinking styles and __54__ patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest __55__ of education. Don’t you think so?We cannot __56__ the impact of society on the education system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the __57__ development of an individual. Even before we become a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we __58__ take ‘non-formal education’ from society. Yes, our interactions with our fellow-beings, our observations about their social behavior and our understanding of social norms __59__ us to face life. True, educational __60__, like schools, colleges and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we learn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the __61__process of learning begins at a point, which marks the end of institutional education. Learning, as an individual, from your interaction with society, is a vital part of education.Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively. Social inequalities and unhealthy educational practices are some of the __62__ influences of society on our lives. Customs and traditions __63__ certain sections of society from exercising their fundamental rights and block the well-being of society, shatter the basic ideas of education and social awareness. Some social groups deny women’s right to education, while others force children to work, depriving(剥夺) them from a healthy environment, conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata(阶层) of society from progressing in life and come in the way of social welfare, it __64__ the purpose of education.Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who __65__ the society. It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it.51. A. know B. define C. recognize D. analyze52. A. share B. invent C. operate D. practice53. A. extents B. blocks C. designs D. expenses54. A. cultural B. traditional C. educational D. behavioral55. A. performer B. supervisor C. facilitator D. opponent56. A. resist B. resolve C. reserve D. restrict57. A. steady B. future C. lasting D. overall58. A. successfully B. desperately C. constantly D. surprisingly59. A. encourage B. impact C. prepare D. impose60. A. circumstances B. contributions C. environments D. organizations61. A. actual B. external C. universal D. available62. A. realistic B. opposing C. practical D. invisible63. A. confirm B. cultivate C. maintain D. prevent64. A. fulfills B. highlights C. defeats D. describes65. A. depend on B. make up C. strive for D. deal withSince Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病)and Parkinson’s disease(帕金森病) are common and many notable people have developed them, they have received more public attention.Alzheimer’s DiseaseMany people imagine that Alzheimer’s disease, the degenerative (退化的)disorder that eventually leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. While the risks of contracting the disease increase with age, there are many elderly people whose memories are perfect. Most of us are so ill-__51__ about all forms of memory loss that we label everything as “Alzheimer’s ”. Alzheimer’s disease itself can affect people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also __52__ the blame for other non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. __53__, only an examination of the brain tissue during an autopsy (解剖) can produce an accurate __54__ of the disease.The causes of Alzheimer’s are unknown. They may be either __55__ or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13,000 people whose parents or siblings had the disease showed they had five times __56__ chance of passing away by the age of 80 than those with no family history of the problem.__57__, there are other factors. In a study of identical twins, it was found that only about half of the twin pairs developed Alzheimer’s and, when both twins __58__ it, they did so as much as 15 years apart. The possibility that environment plays a part was boosted by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other group in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher incidence of the disease.Aluminum (铝) has been blamed for the development of Alzheimer’s. This is because a high level aluminum has been found in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time that aluminum was becoming widely __59__ for use in cooking pots.Memory loss, __60__ in performing familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all indicators of the beginning of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, then verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go.Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system w hich __61__ more than one million Americans. Individuals with PD lack the substance dopamine (多巴胺), which is __62__ for the central nervous system’s control of muscle activity. Parkinson’s Disease is often characterized by shake, inflexibility in limbs and joints, speech disability and difficulty in __63__ physical movement. Late in the course of the disease, some patients develop dementia (痴呆症) and eventually Alzheimer’s disease. __64__, some Alzheimer patients develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Medi cations such as levodopa (左多巴), which changes itself into dopamine once inside the brain, which prevents degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons (神经细胞), are used to improve diminished or __65__ motor symptoms in PD patients, but do not correct the mental changes that occur.51. A. judged B. equipped C. informed D. advised52. A. take B. put C. lay D. hold53. A. On the other hand B. For example C. After all D. In the end54. A. description B. demonstration C. diagnosis D. illustration55. A. natural B. instinctual C. genetic D. internal56. A. slighter B. fainter C. less D. more57. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Finally58. A. came up with B. did away with C. went down with D. put up with59. A. available B. valuable C. memorable D. inaccessible60. A. complaint B. difficulty C. ease D. complexity61. A. touch B. influence C. concern D. affect62. A. important B. unimportant C. priceless D. worthless63. A. stopping B. changing C. initiating D. controlling64. A. Additionally B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Particularly65. A. treated B. showed C. released D. reducedAccording to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns award 51 on one or both of the parents. In other 52 , such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of53 . In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent 54 that the re is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have 55 ; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has 56 that meet the needs of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, r esearch suggests that there are typically two different leadership 57 that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the 58 of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership t hat emphasizes the 59 wellb eing of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing 60 support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may 61 group members who prevent accomplishment of the group’s goals. Express ive leaders cultivate a more 62 or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer 63 when someone experiences difficulties. And they try to 64 issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal 65 from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.51. A. burden B. leadership C. housework D. right52. A. families B. societies C. cases D. researches53. A. selection B. struggle C. recommendation D. register54. A. evidence B. support C. approach D. pattern55. A. in advance B. in brief C. in general D. in common56. A. partners B. achievements C. skills D. qualities57. A. selections B. roles C. challenges D. structures58. A. assignment B. introduction C. completion D. division59. A. joint B. financial C. social D. individual60. A. political B. administrative C. emotional D. technical61. A. discipline B. praise C. ignore D. identify62. A. casual B. temporary C. personal D. stable63. A. criticism B. sympathy C. estimate D. information64. A. omit B. confuse C. raise D. resolve65. A. imitation B. affection C. objection D. revengeThe survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from a different kind of poverty — of the spirit. 51 , one Western country alone now sees 14, 000 attempted suicides ( 自杀) every year by children under 15, and one child 52 five needs psychiatric (心理) advice.There are many good things about 53 in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between 54 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices. 55 , the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbours working 56 and often shares in that work.A child 57 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's work : helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies --- rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 58 playing with dolls.These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the westernchildren. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions ofthe sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, 59 , are provided with a watch as one of the 60 signs of growing up, so that they can 61 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows.Third World children do not usually 62 to stay indoors, still less in highrise apartments(公寓) . Instead of dangerous roads, "keep off the grass" signs and "don't speak to strangers", there is often a sense of 63 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 64 from ten floors up.65 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all bad.51. A. As usual B. For instance C. In fact D. In other words52. A. by B. in C. to D. under53. A. childhood B. poverty C. spirit D. survival54. A. adults B. fathers C. neighbours D. relatives55. A. Anyhow B. However C. Instead D. Still56. A. away B. alone C. along D. nearby57. A. growing up B. living through C. playing D. working58. A. and B. but C. or D. so59. A. at any moment B. at the same time C. on the other hand D. on the whole60. A. easiest B. earliest C. happiest D. quickest61. A. care B. fear C. hurry D. worry62. A. dare B. expect C. have D. require63. A. control B. danger C. disappointment D. freedom64. A. anxiously B. eagerly C. impatiently D. proudly65. A. Above all B. In the end C. Of course D. What'sFeeling good about our actions — not guilt or pity— motivates giving, according to the latest research.51 seeing or hearing about suffering children makes most people uncomfortable, that grief is not what drives them to dig into their pockets and donate. The reasons people decide to be selfless, it turns out,may be slightly more 52 .In the study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers found that people are more likely to give when they think it will make them feel better. They donate, 53 , when they feel hope about putting smiles on those expectant and suffering faces. And that hope, or similar feel-good sensations, are driven by the brain’s reward systems.Researchers — and charities — have long known that putting a(n) 54 face on an abstract problem opens hearts and wallets. Josef Stalin once said that while one death is a(n) 55 , a million is merely a number. Studies have since found that quantifying the size of a disaster or particular need actually 56 giving, while presenting a single story is more likely to cause a desire to help.But it wasn’t clear whether this “identifiable victim” effect resulted from people’s 57 over their own privilege and resources — or from a sense of connection with the 58 and an urge to feel good about making a difference.To find out, researchers led by Alexander Genevsky, a graduate student in psychology at Stanford, imaged the brains of 22 young adults. In the scanner, they saw either a silhouette (剪影) or a head shot of a young African child. As in previous studies, participants were far more likely to give if they saw a face than a blank silhouette—donating almost twice as much in photo trials than in the others. However, this decision was related strongly to their 59 . If they showed little activity in their nucleus accumbens—a brain region linked to every type of pleasurable experience— they were actually less likely to give. But if there is a sharp 60 of activity in this reward area, they felt good and gave more. And the photos of the children were more likely to 61 this reward center. Activity in the accumbens, in fact, completely 62 the difference in giving seen between the silhouette-based requests and the photo-based ones.While the findings point to the feel-good 63 behind giving, other research will have to address the question of why givers get that positive emotional boost. Do people feel rewarded when they give because they think about the happiness of the recipient — or do they feel good because they see themselves as 64 and that self-esteem boost (自信心增强) is mood-enhancing? Such information could help charities 65 their messages to maximize their effectiveness.51. A. Since B. Although C. If D. As52. A. passive B. earnest C. impersonal D. selfish53. A. for example B. on the contrary C. as a result D. on the other hand54. A. plain B. ugly C. specific D. frightened55. A. accident B. threat C. solution D. tragedy56. A. ruins B. stimulates C. lowers D. skips57. A. anger B. guilt C. regret D. joy58. A. desire B. mind C. victim D. stuff59. A. actions B. beliefs C. images D. emotions60. A. edge B. rise C. turn D. division61. A. monitor B. target C. activate D. interrupt62. A. resulted from B. counted on C. accounted for D. subjected to63. A. motivations B. compliment s C. ambitions D. requests64. A. executive B. justified C. innocent D. generous65. A. conceal B. tailor C. obtain D. deleteThere are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges. Learning all you can about autism and getting __51__ in treatment will go a long way toward helping your child. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autistic child:•Be consistent（一致的）.Children with autism have a hard time __52__ what they’ve learned if there is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never think to do so at home. Creating __53__ in your child’s environment is the best way to reinforce learning. Find out what your child’s therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the __54__ of having therapy take place in morethan one place in order to encourage your child to __55__ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It’s also important to be consistent in the way you __56__ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.•__57__ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child, with __58__ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to this routine to a __59__. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it __60__.•__61__ good behavior. Positive reinforcement can go a long way with children with autism, so make an effort to “catch them doing something good.” Praise them when they act appropria tely or learn a new skill, being very __62__ about what behavior they’re being praised for.•Pay attention to your child’s sensory sensitivities. Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are “under-sensitive” to sensory stimuli. __63__ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your kid’s “bad” or disruptive behaviors and what brings about a(n) __64__ response.If you understand what affects your child, you’ll be better at solving problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating __65__ experiences.51. A. encouraged B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. secret60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance61. A. Control B. Perform C. Reward D. Maintain62. A. curious B. specific C. particular D. anxious63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on64. A. automatic B. immediate C. positive D. quick65. A. frustrating B. successful C. professional D. unpleasantA driving goal for most websites is for that site to be easily found by people looking for the products or services. One of the ways people may find these sites is via a search engine. With this in mind, companies obviously want their websites to ___51___ search engines as well.First of all, website content should be unique and timely. Only quality content ensures that customers will ___52___ your website and also recommend it to friends via links or through social channels. This act of sharing not only gives your site more chances of public ___53___ but it also helps to push up your search engine rankings, which extends huge psychological implication to other engine users as people tend to ___54___Now famous search engines such as Google use mobile friendliness as a ranking signal in their ranking algorithm(算法). Therefore, if your site is not ___55___for mobile devices, you are offering a less than ideal experience to some users and in result search engines will take the ___56___ into account.Another key ranking signal that Google and other search engines ___57___heavily is page speed and overall site performance. If your site is loaded with too many high-resolution images and videos or other elements, muchviewing time will be caused. These will makesluggish, slow loading that frustrate and often drive away visitors. It’s time to ___58___ thepage size as all the visitors appreciatefaster download. Some are。
上海市静安区2016届高三第一学期12月练习英语试卷
上海2015-2016第一学期静安区高三英语练习卷第I卷（共103分）Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 20 pounds. B. 60 pounds. C. 30 pounds. D. 40 pounds.2. A. At 7:10. B. At 8:00. C. At 7:50. D. At 7:30.3. A. A teacher. B. A student. C. A lawyer. D. A friend.4. A. Because there was a heavy traffic.B. Because he has been somewhere else.C. Because he was caught by the police.D. Because he doesn’t like going to school.5. A. Looking for a timetable. B. Buying some furniture.C. Reserving a table.D. Window shopping.6. A. Henry doesn’t like the color. B. Someone else painted the house.C. There was no ladder in the house.D. Henry painted the house himself.7. A. She doesn’t spend much time with her friends.B. She doesn’t like her new school.C. She has adapted easily to her new school.D. She spends most of her free time at school.8. A. Jim is very interesting. B. Jim hasn’t found anything.C. Jim has got a new job.D. Jim is very lazy.9. A. They are disappointed in the recent changes.B. They are delighted at the taste of the Italian food.C. They are not happy with the price.D. They are satisfied with the chef newly employed.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B. They would prepare more food and drinks.C. There was too much food at the previous meeting.D. The family members always eat a lot.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In a library. B. In a classroom.C. In a laboratory.D. In a computer room.12. A. Reading and writing. B. Grammar and computer.C. Listening and speaking.D. Pronunciation and self-study.13. A. A book review. B. A classroom rule.C. A visit plan.D. A weekly timetable.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In fall. D. In winter.15. A. Confusing. B. Innovative. C. Amusing. D. Wasteful.16. A. To standardize daylight savings time.B. To establish year-round daylight savings time.C. To end daylight savings time.D. To shorten daylight savings time.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)One of my favourite moments as a physician occurs when, with a very somber look, I inform patients that there’s one thing they absolutely(25) _______ do in order to make a successful recovery after a cardiac event: Go home and laugh until they cry.You see, we now know that there’s far more to maintaining heart health and reversing heart disease (26) _______ diet, exercise, and cholesterol level. The latest research indicates that stress, and an inability (27) __________(deal with)it, is a direct contributor to heart disease. For example, a study involving nearly 250,000 people found that anxiety (28) _________ (associate) with a 26 percent increase in coronary heart disease over an 11-year period.Anger and hostility rank at the top of the list of heart-harmful emotions. Harvard Medical School researchers recently found that 40 percent of patients (29)________suffered a heart attack reported significant anger within the previous year, and roughly 8 percent of that group reported that they felt rage within two hours of heart attack symptoms.But(30)________studies reveal a great deal about the harm that negative emotions deliver to the heart, they also clearly demonstrate the amazing healing power of positive emotions. In my 25 years as a cardiologist (31) _______(perform) clinical trials and treating patients, I’ve seen firsthand (32) ________ we can harness optimism, confidence, laughter, social connections, and relaxation to help our hearts get and stay healthy.(B)Why Finnish Babies Don’t Sleep in Cribs.For expectant parents in Finland, their “bundle of joy” isn’t just the baby. Since 1938, new mothers and fathers have received a cardboard box, often (33) _______(use) as the baby’s first crib, filled with a small mattress, blankets, infant clothes, outerwear, toiletries, and more.The Finnish government supplies the boxes, (34) _______(say)the gift encourages good parenting habits and aims to give all the children (35) _______ equal start.Some experts think that the start kit has even helped Finland achieve one of the world’s (36) _______(low) infant-mortality rates.Before the tradition began, when many Finnish babies slept in their parents’beds, 65 out of 1,000 babies died each year. (37) _______ the introduction of the box—and the custom of having babies sleep separately from their parents—Finland’s infant-mortality rate has plummeted to only 3.4 deaths of for every 1,000 babies.Over the years, the box’s contents (38) _________(often reflect) historical trends. Until 1957, the kids contained plain fabric that mothers would use to sew the baby’s clothes. Stretchy fabrics appeared in the 1960s; disposable diapers debuted in 1969. As more women began careers in the 1970s, the layette came in easy-to-clean stretch cotton. In 2006, cloth diapers reappeared for environmental reasons, and bottles were removed to promote breast-feeding.“It’s easy to know when babies were born (39) _______ the box changes a little each year,”Titta Vayrynen, 35 and the mother of two young boys, told a reporter for the BBC. “It’s nice to compare clothesand think, That kid was born the same year as (40) _______.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.he next generation may lose the opportunity to swim over coral reefs (珊瑚礁) or eat certain species of fish, scientists have warned, as the world’s oceans move into a stage of widespread extinction because of human 41 such as overfishing and climate change.A report from an international group of marine experts said that t he condition of the world’s seas was worsening more quickly than had been 42 . The scientists, who gathered at Oxford University, warned that we would 43 the whole ecosystems, such as coral reefs in a generation. Already the number of fish is dropping, leading to risk of rising food prices and even starvation in some parts of the world.The experts 44 the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for pushing up ocean temperature, the increased algae (海藻) concentration in the water, which made the water have less oxygen. The conditions are 45 to every previous mass extinction event in the Earth’s history.Dr Alex Rogers, scientific director of the International Programme on the State of the Ocean said the next generation would suffer if species are allowed to go 46 . “As we considered the cumulative (积累的) effect of what humankind had done to the ocean were far worse than we had ___47___ realized,” he said. “This is a very serious situation 48quick and effective action at every level. We are looking at 49 for humankind that will influence in our lifetime and, worse, our children’s and generations beyond that.”The marine scientists called for a range of urgent 50 to cut carbon emissions (排放), reduce overfishing, create protected areas in the seas and cut pollution.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if theywere asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabledwoman. In another _ 51_ , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his _ 52_ ;sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to _53 _ aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In _54_ these and other research findings, two themes are _55_ : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think _ 56 _ assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. _57_ , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. Theapplication was ready to be _58_, but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the applicationwas sometimes that of a very _59 _ person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to_ 60_ the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of _ 61_ between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) _62_ T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone _63 _ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for _64_ than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be _65_ rather than drunk.51. A. study B. way C. word D. college52. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back53. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive54. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing55. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing56. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept57. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example58. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed59. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working60. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down61. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact62. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange63. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances64. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health65. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sickSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)It’s not easy being a teenager – nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clamup. Instead, let him attempt to solve things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for his should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy. Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations.Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation (节制). Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job.66. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents ______.A. how to get along with a teenagerB. how to respect a teenagerC. how to understand a teenagerD. how to help a teenager grow up67. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. become excitedB. show respectC. refuse to talkD. seek help68. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenager ______.A. to use the phone in a sensible wayB. to pay for his own telephoneC. to share the phone with friendsD. to answer the phone quickly69. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?A. Not allow him to learn driving or take drugs.B. Give him advice only when necessary.C. Let him have his own telephone.D. Not talk about personal things with him.BTroubled by the poor performance of their investments, many people are taking steps to stop decrease of their savings and rethink their financial plans. They are not sure what to do to maximize returns in light of stock market fluctuations, new tax laws, low interest rates and skyrocketing real estate values. “People are afraid of making a mistake and losing more money,"” says financial counselor Denise Hughes. "The do-it-yourself investor of the 1990s is more comfortable now doing nothing." But doing nothing isn't better than doing something smart, especially as college, weddings and retirement loom. Here's what financial advisors are recommending to their clients:Plan for financial aidMost parents don't save nearly enough for children's education. They assume that investing in a 529 college plan is the best place for your savings. While a 529 plan offers tax-free growth and withdrawals for college costs, colleges look at these savings when evaluating their qualification and how much they will hand over. Do save aggressively for college in a taxable account in your name if your household income is below $ 100,000. In this case, your child will likely qualify for some financial aid. Do invest in a 529 savings plan if your income is higher than $100,000 and will likely remain at or above that level when your child enters college. In this case, the 529 plan is great because you probably won't qualify for financial aidanyway.Expect ups and downsAnnoyed by three straight years of stock market declines, many people have been shifting to lower-risk investments. But just as taking too much risk can hurt your portfolio's(投资组合) growth rate, so can hiding out in excessive safe investments paying 1% or less.Do consider investing in funds that you'll hold on to for more than a year. Under the new tax law, long-term capital gains are taxed at a maximum of 15%, down from 20%. Do look at stock funds that pay dividends (红利). Dividends on stocks used to be taxed at your personal income tax rate. Under the new law, they are now taxed at no more than 15%. Investing in these funds will not only hold down taxes but also sustain your portfolio's value in tough times.Forget high feesOver the next ten years, achieving the kind of double-digit returns we experienced over the past 20 years will be much harder. In the 1990s, the average rate of return for a portfolio allocated (配给) 60% to stocks and 40% to bonds was 13.2% after taxes and transaction expenses. Over the coming decade, this rate is expected to be closer to 5.5%. Don't pay unnecessarily high investment costs and fees. For example, if you can save half a percentage point on your fund expense ratio（the fee that funds charge you each year to manage your money）, your average investment return could be 6% instead of 5%.70. Which of the following is NOT true about the investors of the 1990s？A. They might need professional help.B. They live a comfortable life now with nothing to do.C. They are afraid of making wrong decisions and losing money.D. They are trying to protect what they make and save rather than taking risks.71. According to the passage, a 529 savings account ______.A. is the best choice for low-income familiesB. offers tax-free growth and withdrawalsC. works best for those who are not qualified for financial aidD. should start in your child's name72. According to the expert, which of the following can help your portfolio's return rate to grow?A. Allocating 40% of your portfolio to stocks and 60% to bonds.B. Hiding out in ultra-safe investments paying 1% or less.C. Investing long term in funds that pay dividends.D. Making high-risk and high-return investments.73. On average, according to the experts, how much can you expect of an investment return in the near future?A. Below 1%.B. About 6%.C. Above 8%.D. Close to 13.2%.CWhat are feelings for? Most nonscientists will find it a strange question. Feelings justify themselves. Emotions give meaning and depth to life. They exist without serving any other purposes. On the other hand,many evolutionary biologists acknowledge some emotions primarily for their survival function. For both animals and humans, fear motivates the avoidance of danger, love is necessary to care for the young, and anger prepares one to hold ground. But the fact that a behavior functions to serve survival need not mean that. Other scientists have regarded the same behavior as conditioning and learned responses. Certainly reflexes(反射) and fixed action patterns can occur without feeling or conscious thought. A baby seagull pecks(啄) at a red spot on the bill(喙) of its parent. The seagull parent feeds its baby when pecked on the bill and the baby gets fed. The interaction need have no emotional content.At the same time, there is no reason why such actions cannot have emotional content. In mammals that have given birth including humans, milk is often released automatically when a new baby cries. This is not under intended control but it is reflex. Yet this does not mean that feeding a new baby is exclusively reflex and expresses no feeling like love. Humans have feelings about their behavior even if it is conditioned or reflexive. Yet since reflexes exist and conditioned behavior is widespread, measurable, and observable, most scientists try to explain animal behavior by using only these concepts. It is simpler.Preferring to explain behavior in ways that fit science's methods most easily, scientists have refused to consider any causes for animal behavior other than reflexive and conditioned ones. Scientific orthodoxy (正统) holds that what cannot be readily measured or tested cannot exist, or is unworthy of serious attention. But emotional explanations for animal behavior need not be impossibly complex or unstable. They are just more difficult for the scientific method to check on in the usual ways, so cleverer and more skillful approaches are called for. Most branches of science are more willing to make successive evaluation of what may prove ultimately unknowable, rather than ignoring it altogether.74. The example of the baby seagull pecking the parent’s bill is used to support that ______.A. it is an inborn ability for adults to look after the youngB. behaviors can be learned and involve no emotionsC. emotions are of great importance for survivalD. it takes time for animals to be conditioned75. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Breast-feeding a baby is conditioned or reflective but have no emotional connection.B. Reflexes and conditioning will lead to a better understanding of animal emotions.C. Scientists usually apply reflexes and conditioning in explaining animal behaviors.D. Many evolutionary biologists believe that emotions are to some degree for survival.76. To study animal emotions, scientists should ______.A. analyze human emotionsB. distinguish what is emotionalC. set up improved experimentsD. learn from animal behaviorists77. What is the author’s main purpose of writing this passage?A. To illustrate that emotions are worth our attention.B. To compare human emotions with animal emotions.C. To discuss the importance and usefulness of emotions.D. To explain what reflexive and conditioned behaviors are.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.“In Scotland, illness treatment is considered urgent; in Canada, it's considered inevitable. However in America, it is resource-consuming.”Though the remarks seem like jokes, real data support the point. Medicare statistics, for example, reveal that we Americans lead the world in the amount of medical services used during the last six months of a person's life. Senior citizens here are big consumers of healthcare, using ambulances three times as often as seniors elsewhere. Commercial insurance data point to similar patterns in the healthcare of the younger population too, a ground few would argue against.What explains such a phemonemon? There is plenty of blame to go around. Both physicians and patients have referred to a "more is better" approach that adds cost without necessarily leading to better outcomes.In the past, doctors in fee-for-service systems have been suspected of doing too much testing to generate more income. Now new networks track doctors' treating record in the hope to discourage unnecessary testing. Patients, on the other hand, are worried about denial of services. Doctors can find themselves caught in a bind between anxious and worrying patients and insurance networks that dismiss doctors with inefficient practice patterns.Upset factors, such as malpractice concerns and falling fees, among which the worsening doctor-patient relationship tops the ranking list—are contributing to the nation's increasing shortage of primary-care doctors.Is there a better way to do this, without limiting a patient's choice or lowering the quality of healthcare?One solution is that we can introduce care organizations, which have the goal of improving both patients' health outcomes and the efficient use of resources. Like an HMO, this new kind of care organization involves networks of doctors, hospitals and patients. By carefully balancing care among doctors computerized medical records to identify the appropriate use of services, it encourages preventive care and measure quality.Given the obvious benefits during its pilot time, we are also encouraged to look at the program called Choosing Wisely. The program is aimed at encouraging both physicians and patients, with the help of professional model, to carefully consider the wisdom of medical procedures. In most cases, useless procedures are not only wasting money, but also subjecting patients to additional risk without the potential to improve their health.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Commercial insurance data are mentioned in the first paragraph to show that ______.79. Patients’ ______ attitude towards medical care caused today’s overtreatment.80. What is the leading reason for the lack of primary-care doctors?81. What are the two methods to fight the overtreatment problem?第II卷（共47分）I. Translation (22 分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 现在人们越来越关注青少年的心理健康。
2016届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解C篇--学生版(已校对)
One【2016届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Scientists Detect Gravitational WavesWhat is gravitational waves(引力波)? Scientists havefor the first time observed ripples in the fabric of space time(时空涟漪) called gravitational waves, arriving at the earthfrom a severely destructive event in the distant universe. Itconfirms a major prediction of Albert Einstein’s 1915 generaltheory of relativity and opens a unique new window onto theuniverse, according to a group of scientists at a press conference in Washington on Thursday.“This is truly scientific moonshot. We did it. We landed on the moon,” declared David Reitz, executive director of the LIGO Laboratory at Caltech, at the conference in the National Press Club.According to the National Science Foundation (NSF) experts, gravitational waves carry information about their dramatic origins and about the nature of gravity that cannot be obtained from elsewhere. Physicists have concluded that the detected gravitational waves were produced during the final fraction of a second(千分之一秒) of the combination of two black holes to produce a single, much bigger turning black hole. This fierce shock of two black holes had been predicted but never observed by NSF.The gravitational waves were detected on Sept 14, 2015 at 5:51 am EDT by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington.Based on the observed signals, LIGO scientists estimate that the black holes for this event were about 29 and 36 times the weight of the sun, and the event took place 1.3 billion years ago.About three times the weight of the sun was changed into gravitational waves in a fraction of a second -- with a peak power output about 50 times that of the whole visible universe. By looking at the time of arrival of the signals -- the detector in Livingston recorded the event 7 milliseconds (毫秒) before the detector in Hanford -- scientists can say that the source was located in the Southern Hemisphere, according to a press release from NSF, which funded the research.This new LIGO discovery is the first observation of gravitational waves themselves, made by measuring the tiny disturbances the waves make to space and time as they pass through the earth. “Our observation of gravitational waves accomplishes an ambitious goal set out over five decades ago to directly detect this puzzling phenomenon and better understand the universe, and, properly, fulfills Einstein’s prediction on the 100th anniversary of his general theory of relativity,” Reitze said.74. By saying “This is truly scientific moonshot. We did it. We landed on the moon,” what doesDavid Reitz mean?A. We humans truly landed on the moon this time.B. The theory of relativity was not proved until today.C. Gravitational waves arrived at the earth in the end.D. Scientists successfully observed gravitational waves.75. What do NSF experts talk about in the third paragraph?A. Gravitational waves carry information about the origins of nature.B. The nature of gravity cannot be obtained from gravitational waves.C. The combination of two black holes can produce a single, much bigger turning black hole.D. Gravitational waves only appear at the final fraction of a second of the shock of two black holes.76. According to the observed signals, LIGO scientists find out that ______.A. the two black holes which brought about this event were much bigger than the sunB. about three times the weight of the sun became gravitational waves in this eventC. the event produced by the observed signals took place 1.3 billion years agoD. the peak power output was about 50 times that of the whole universe77. From this passage, a conclusion can be drawn that ______.A. gravitational waves can make disturbances to space and timeB. Einstein predicted the observed gravitational waves in the universeC. gravitational waves is not a puzzling phenomenon to the world any moreD. this new LIGO discovery was made to test the general theory of relativitySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)When I returned to the common, the sun was setting. The crowd around the hole had increased, and stood out black against the lemon yellow of the sky—a couple of hundred people, perhaps. There were really, I should think, two or three hundred people elbowing one another, the one or two ladies there being by no means the least active. “He’s fallen in the hole!” cried someone. “Keep back!” said several. The crowd moved a little, and I elbowed my way through. Everyone seemed greatly excited. I heard a peculiar humming sound from the hole.“I say!”said Ogilvy; “help keep these idiots back. We don’t know what’s in the puzzling thing, you know!”The end of the cylinder(圆柱体) was being screwed out from within. I turned, and as I did so the screw（螺丝钉）must have come out, for the lid of the cylinder fell upon the ground with a ringing shock. For a moment that circular cavity seemed perfectly black. I had the sunset in my eyes.I think everyone expected to see a man emerge—possibly something a little unlike us earthly men, but in all essentials a man. But, looking, I presently saw something exciting within the shadow: clumsy movements, one above another, and then two disc-like eyes. Then something resembling a grey snake, about the thickness of a walking stick, climbed up out of the twisting middle, and moved in the air towards me—and then another.A sudden chill came over me. I stood frightened and staring. A big gray rounded bulk, thesize, perhaps, of a bear, was rising slowly and painfully out of the cylinder. As it bulged up and caught the light, it looked like wet leather.Anyone who has never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of its appearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the Gorgon groups of tentacles(触手), the unstable breathing of the lungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earth—above all, the extraordinary intensity of the huge eyes, which was unforgettable—were at once vital, intense, inhuman, and monstrous. There was something fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation of the tedious movements unspeakably nasty. Even at this first encounter, this first glimpse, I was overcome with disgust and dread.73. Why was the crowd “elbowing one another” according to paragraph 1?A. There were no officials to control them.B. They were curious and wanted to get a good view of the hole.C. They were angry and trying to push people into the hole.D. They were trying to get away from the hole in fear.74. The Martian shocked the narrator because__________.A. it did not look like the other Martians that had arrived earlierB. it arrived on Earth in a strange and nasty-looking cylinderC. it was moving surprisingly slowly for a MartianD. like most people, he had thought it would resemble a human75. A “sudden chill”（paragraph 5）came over the narrator because________.A. the Martian was heading directly towards the crowdB. a cold tentacle had almost reached the narratorC. he saw the Martian’s terrifying features as it climbed out of the cylinderD. the sun had set and he suddenly noticed the night-time chill76. What did the narrator find most impressive about the creature?A. The horrible shape of its mouth and face.B. Its long and strange tentacles.C. The way it moved in the Earth’s atmosphere.D. Its unusual large and intense eyes.77. The description of the Martians implies that they are _______.A. cute and charmingB. friendly and cooperativeC. frightening and probably dangerousD. ugly but unluckily misunderstoodThree【2016届上海市浦东新区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)In the 1990s, when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size ofBelgium was cut down every year, Brazil was the world’senvironmental villain(反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle theimage of everything that was going wrong in green places. Now,the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right.Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in theBrazilian Amazon region during the past decade. If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005, an extra 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atmosphere. That is an amount equal to a year’s emissions from the European Union. Arguably, then, Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.But how did it break the vicious cycle(恶性循环)? The answer, according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans, better governance in frontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004. This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions. The Brazilian Forest Code said that, on every farm in the Amazon, 80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve. As the study observes, this share was so highthat the code could not be followed—or enforced. This was the period of the worst deforestation. Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.During the second stage, which ran from 2005 to 2009, the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon. Brazil’s president made stopping deforestation a priority, which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government. The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.The third stage, which began in 2009, was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued. The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these). Farmers in the 36 counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.By any standards, Brazil’s Amazon policy has been a success, made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards, which might have been expected to have worked better. Over the period of the study, Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower, so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest. Moreover, the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures. Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things, so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways, too. Deforestation has been slowed, but not yet stopped.73. Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change because ______.A. it has rainforest as large as BelgiumB. it has cut down too much rainforestC. it has taken action to reduce deforestationD. it sent 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air74. The underlined phrase “silver bullet” in Paragraph 2 most probably refers to______.A. a powerful weaponB. an effective solutionC. an intelligent deviceD. a golden opportunity75. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. 80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.B. Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.C. The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.D. The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.76. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.B. All the farmers care much about forest protection.C. Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.D. Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.77. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Cutting Down on Cutting DownB. Brazil, the World Leader in FarmingC. Restrictions Outperforming RewardsD. Former Awareness Working WondersSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir (嗡嗡声) of the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Deniliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere (南半球), once processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a destructive effect, reducing Australia’s rice crop by 98 percent and lea ding to the mothballing of the mill last December.Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice –from sheep farming, the country’s other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growingcrop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice. The drought’s effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the world, so far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production.Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages – for example, rice that blooms earlier in the day, when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian countries as temperatures begin to climb. “There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice in place,” said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable.Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, can actually help rice – although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face unnecessary heat, inadequate water, severe pollution or other stresses. Still, the flexibility of farmers here has persuaded some climate experts that, particularly in developed countries, the effects of climate change may be relieved, if not completely avoided. “I’m not as negative as most people,” said Will Steffen, director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at Australian National University. “Farmers are learning how to do things differently.”Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs, as the developing world is discovering. “Rice is an essential food,” said Graeme Haley, the general manager of the town of Deniliquin. “Wine is not.”73. By “the mothballing of the mill” (in Paragraph 1) the author most probably means the mill is______.A. kept unprocessedB. left unusedC. being entirely restoredD. being pushed round74. To find the ways to cope with the global rice shortage, researchers are ______.A. seeking new types of rice which could bloom at a lower temperatureB. building greenhouses which could provide more heat for rice to growC. studying climate changes in China which may affect rice growing in AsiaD. looking for alternative agriculture industries which may take the place of rice75. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Rice plants are fond of higher temperature in the process of growing.B. Global warming has shown few signs of influence on agriculture.C. Rice prices are rising steadily owing to the crop failure in Australia.D. Global warming may contribute to more complicated weather conditions.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Australia is the largest rice producing country around the worldB. most people look on the bright side of the flexibility of farmersC. climate changes have simply brought negative effects to people’s livesD. wine grape cultivation has threatened the rice production in Australia77. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?A. Rice shortage and wine boomB. Drought, the enemy of rice productionC. Rice crisis and its solutionD. Rice issue, a focus of the public attentionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Women are still underrepresented in top academic positions. One of the possible explanations for this is the increasing importance of obtaining research funding. Women are often less successful in this than men. Psychology researchers Dr. Romy van der Lee and professor Naomi Ellemers investigated whether this difference also occurs at the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and examined potential explanations.The researchers were assigned by NWO to carry out this study as part of the broader evaluation of NWO's procedures and its gender diversity policy. The aim was to gain more insight into the causes of the differences in awarding rates for male and female applicants for research funding. The analysis addressed an important “talent programme” of NWO, the Veni grant. “Whoever receives this grant has a greater chance of obtaining an important appointment at a university,” says Naomi Ellemers.Van der Lee and Ellemers investigated all the applications submitted by male and female researchers over a period of three years: a total of 2823 applications. Under the direction of NWO these applications were assessed by scientific committees consisting of men and women. The results demonstrate that the awarding rates for female applicants (14.9%) are systematically lower than those for male applicants (17.7%). “If we compare the proportion of women among the applicants with the proportion of women among those awarded funding, we see a loss of 4%,” said Ellemers.The study reveals that women are less positively evaluated for their qualities as researcher than men are. “Interestingly the research proposals of women and men are evaluated equally positively. In other words, the reviewers see no difference in the quality of the proposals that men and women submi t,” says Romy van der Lee.In search for a possible cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations, the researchers also investigated the language use in the instructions and forms used to assess the quality of applications. This clearly revealed the occurrence of gendered language. The words that are used to indicate quality are frequently words that were established in previous research as referring mainly to the male gender stereotype (such as challenging and excellent). Romy van der Lee exp lains: “As a result, it appears that men more easily satisfy the assessment criteria, because these better fit the characteristics stereotypically associated with men.”In response to the results of this research, NWO will devote more attention to the gender awareness of reviewers in its methods and procedures. It will also be investigated which changes to the assessment procedures and criteria can most strongly contribute to more equal chances for men and women to obtain research funding. This will include an examination of the language used by NWO. NWO chair Jos Engelens said, “The research has yielded valuable results and insights. Based on the recommendations made by the researchers we will therefore focus in the comingperiod on the development of evidence-based measures to reduce the difference in awarding rates.”74. Van der Lee and Ellemers carried out the research to find out whether ____________.A. women are less successful than men in top academic positionsB. female applicants are at a disadvantage in getting research fundingC. NOW’s procedures and gender diversity policy enhance fair playD. there are equal chances for men and women to be admitted to a university75. Van der Lee and Ellemers’ study shows that _____________.A. grant receivers were more likely to get appointments at universitiesB. men applicants for research funding outnumbered women applicantsC. the research proposals of women are equally treated with those of menD. the reviewers have narrow, prejudiced conceptions of women candidates76. What might be the main cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations?A. The words used in the instructions and forms.B. T he reviewers’ preference to applications.C. The methods and procedures for evaluation.D. The vague and unclear assessment criteria.77. What will NWO probably do next in response to the results of this research?A. Eliminate possibilities for difference in awarding rates.B. Design a language examination for all the reviewers.C. Emphasize the importance of gender awareness.D. Improve the assessment procedures and criteria.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists (女权主义者) showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women’s organizations a ssembled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence (通信), newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women’s history in the United States, one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at RadclifféCollege, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women confo rmed to the “great women” theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on “great men”. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women’s right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.74. What is the passage mainly about?A. The role of literature in early American histories.B. The place of American women in written histories.C. The keen sense of history shown by American women.D. The “great women” approach to history used by American historians.75. In the 1st paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that ________.A. a woman’s status was changed by marriageB. even the contributions of outstanding women were ignoredC. only three women were able to get their writing publishedD. poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women76. In the 2nd paragraph, what weakness in 19th-century histories does the author point out?A. They put too much emphasis on daily activities.B. They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.C. They were printed on poor-quality paper.D. The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.77. What use was made of the 19th-century women’s history materials in the SchlesingerLibrary and the Sophia Smith Collection?A. They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia.B. They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.C. They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.D. They were shared among women’s colleges throughout the United State s.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem totally impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands (腺体) and so the chemistry of her blood. Any chemical change in the mother's blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.74.Which of the following statements is not true?A. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjectsduring their pregnancy.。
上海静安区高三一模英语试题及答案
静安区2016学年第一学期教学质量检测高三年级英语试卷考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷和第II卷，全卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. In a library B. In a bookstore C. In a hospital D. In a laboratory2. A. A clerk B. A banker C. An operator D. A salesman3. :00 B. 5:15 C. 5:30 D. 5:454. A. She lost her way. B. She lost her keys.C. She lost her car.D. She lost her handbag.5. A. The woman would understand if she did Mary’s job.B. The woman should do the typing for Mary.C. The woman should work as hard as Mary.D. The woman isn’t a skillful typist.6. A. He gets nervous very easily. B. He hasn’t prepared his speech well.C. He is an awful speaker.D. He is an inexperienced speaker.7. A. The apple pie tastes very nice. B. His mother likes the apple pie very much.D. His mother can’t make apple pies.C. The apple pie can’t match hisbrother’s.8. A. She is not very interested in the article.B. She has given the man much trouble.C. She would like to have a copy of the article.D. She doesn’t want to take the trouble to read the article.9. A. He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons.B. He has made great progress in his English.C. He is a student of the music department.D. He is not very interested in English songs.10. A. The man went to a wrong check-in counter.B. The man has missed the flight.C. The plane will leave at 9:14.D. The plane’s departure time remains unknown.Section BDirections:In section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and longer passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A basket. B. An egg. C. A cup. D. An oven.12. A. To let in the sunshine. B. To serve as its door.C. To keep the nest cool.D. For the bird to lay eggs.13. A. Some are built underground. B. Some use pears as their nests.C. Most are sewed with grasses. C. Most are dried by the sun.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.. South Africa. B. Asia. C. Europe. D. South America.15. A. It’s a trade that is driven by customer appetites.B. The latest trick seems to be promoting business.C. You can hardly resist the temptation when seeing the pictures of food.D. People have no idea in buying things.16. A. Young people. B. Foreigners. C. Local people. D. Old people.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It is nice. B. It is safe and reliable.C. It is totally silent.D. It is noisy.18. A. They are available on the last Saturday of the month.B. They could work at night this month.C. They have to be paid overtime if working this month.D. They could work at weekends at normal pay.. The engineer. B. The mechanic.C. The repairman.D. The electrician.20. A. They charge a fixed fee for this service.B. They provide free maintenance for 24 hours.C. They provide free maintenance for a year.D. They provide automatic maintenance service.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.iPhone 7 being investigated after surfer claims it set his car on fireApple is investigating a report from an Australian man who claimed his iPhone 7 caught fire and destroyed his car, the company said on Friday.Surfer Mat Jones told Channel 7 News that he (21) __________ (go) into water off a New South Wales beach and left his new iPhone 7,brought last week, (22) __________ (wrap) in a pair of trousers in his car on the beach.He said that (23) __________ he returned from the water he saw smoke rising from the car. “As I looked into my car, I could not see inside the car, like all the windows were just black.”A video footage(影像) taken from another phone showed the front seats, dashboard and stick melted and charred, and Jones said that he felt “p retty much like a big heat wave just came out of the car”.Eventually the surfer was able to remove (24)__________ was left of his clothes. “Ash was just coming from inside the pants. Once the pants were unwrapped, the phone was just melting inside.”Jones said that he had not dropped the phone or physically damaged it, (25)__________ happened to a Sydney man who fell off his bike and suffered burns from an iPhone. He also said that he had not used (26)__________ non-Apple charging device.A spokeswoman for Apple said the company was investigating the complaint.“We’re in touch with the customer and we’re looking into it,” she said.Lithium-ion (锂离子)batteries (27)__________ burst into flames because of physical damage or overhearing. Apple’s (28)__________ (big) smartphone computer, Samsung, has begun an international recall of Galaxy Note 7 devices after more than 100 devices started smoking, sparking or caught fire -- in some cases (29)__________ (cause) fire damage and injury.Several other companies, including Hewlett Packard, Tesla and the makers of so-called “hoverboards”, have also experienced problems (30)________ their lithium-ion batteries, though the vast majority work without problems.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used that there is one word more than you need.In late February, a mainland tourist caused a disturbance on a Hong Kong subway. The reason? Eating in Hong Kong it is to eat on the subway, and when the tourist was scolded by a Hong Kong local, the situation escalated（升级） into a verbal slinging match.In New York City, eating on the subway is also controversial. No law bans the practice, but a Democratic state senator (参议员) introduced one last week. The law would ban eating on the subway system and first time violators $250 (1,579 yuan), according to the New York Times. Proponents of the bill argue that eating on the subway attracts rats. Others say the broader target should be litterbugs, rather than those who carefully sip their coffee and eat their bread on the way to work. They also argue that "street food" is an important part of New York's culture and history. Banning its in public areas such as the subway would have negative effects.Street food, and eating in public places is a deep-rooted cultural practice in cities as diverse as New York, Beijing and Paris. While 35__________, it has been traditionally thoughtof as the behavior of the lower classes. Eating in public was (and in some places, still is) associated with 36__________, poorer people. In the 19th century, eating in public was seen as a threat to morality and public health. Putnam's (a popular magazine at the time) stated: "Eating in public may cause a certain manner and disinterest in little ladies and gentlemen. It was something people in the Victorian era did not want to . A recent New York Times article drew a link between this moral about street food and concern over the growing populations of Irish, German, Italian and Jewish who ran food carts in the 1800s.Whether you love eating street food, or have to eat your breakfast on the run, it's best to be considerate when enjoying a bite in public.ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or Phrases marked A, B,C and in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and the extended family. To a large extent, these patterns a society's primary subsistence (存在) strategy.American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill four crucial social : (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization of children to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support for members. Although we can define the family its functions, the emphasis given to each of them varies widely both geographically and . For example, in nineteenth-century America, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among family members has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become an economic unit for consumption rather than for .In recent years, social scientists have discovered important family types, such as the single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin(亲戚). American families also according to social class. A couple's social class affects the number of children they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of the family because of illness, death, or divorce. Social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likely to undergo and the way parents raise their children. , the extent to which American families now differ by to be much less than it was fifty years ago.The American family has been in a number of ways over the past few decades. Many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all. These social changes have diverse household patterns, including single-person households and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue and share family responsibilities.Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriage while increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are 54________ such broad social trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a rising rate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to such pressures, but how will these future adaptations be?41. A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace42. A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions43. A. with regard to B. in terms of combination with D. for the purpose of44. A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually45. A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production46. A. variations B. units C. arrangements D. characteristics47. A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve48. A. contribution B. destruction C. combination D. application49. A. Therefore B. Also C. Contrarily D. However50. A. family size B. work pressure C. economic status D. social class51. A. expanding B. divided C. valued D. changing52. A. focus on B. resulted in C. appealed to D. called for53. A. trends B. study C. careers D. goals54. A. adapting to B. dealing with C. worrying about D. getting rid of55. A. sociable B. available C. extensive D. naturalSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Hawthorne experiment was conducted in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The management of Western Electric's Hawthorne plant, located near Chicago, wanted to find out if environmental factors, such as lighting, could affect workers' productivity and morale. A team of social scientists experimented with a small group of employees who were set apart from their coworkers. The environmental conditions of this group's work area were controlled, and the subjects themselves were closely observed. To the great surprise of the researchers, the productivity of these workers increased in response to any change in their environmental conditions. The rate of work increased even when the changes (such as a sharp decrease in the level of light in the workplace) seemed unlikely to have such an effect.It was concluded that the presence of the observers had caused the workers in the experimental group to feel special. As a result, the employees came to know and trust one another, and they developed a strong belief in the importance of their job. The researchers believed that this, not the changes in the work environment, accounted for the increased productivity.A later reanalysis of the study data challenged the Hawthorne conclusions on the grounds that the changes in patterns of human relations, considered so important by the original researchers, were never measured. However, even if the original conclusions must be revised, they nonetheless raise a problem for social scientists: Research subjects who know they are being studied can change their behavior. Throughout the social sciences, this phenomenon has come to be called the Hawthorne effect.56. The author implies that a sharp decrease in light increased workers' output because_______________.A. the workers experienced less eyestrain in a dark working placeB. the workers had to pay more attention to what they were doingC. the workers knew they were being observed, and this motivated themD. the workers in the experiment were paid more than other workers57. The pattern of organization of the second paragraph is________A. list of itemsB. time orderC. definition and exampleD. cause and effect58. The Hawthorne experiment suggests that___________A. workers' attitudes are more important than their environmentB. social scientists are good workersC. productivity in electric plants tends to be lowD. even those who were not in the experiment improved their productivity59. The author's main purpose is________________A. to explain the Hawthorne effectB. to prove the importance of researchC. to amuse with a surprising experimentD. to suggest ideas for future research(B)Join IMDb and Become a Founding Supporter of the Academy Museum of Museum of Motion PicturesThe Academy of Motion Pictures Arts & Sciences is building the world’s leading movie museumin the heart of Los Angeles. The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, scheduled to open in 2017,will contain six stories of state-of-the-art galleries, exhibition spaces, movie theaters andeducational areas. Through groundbreaking exhibitions and innovative programming, the Museumwill explore how Hollywood and the film industry have shaped culture and creativity aroundthe world. Designed by Renzo Piano, the Academy Museum will be located next to the Los Angeles.County Museum of Art ( LACMA ) campus in the landmarked Wilshire May Company Building.To help ensure this long-held dream of the Academy becomes a reality, the Academy haslaunched a $300 million fund-raising campaign, led by Bob Iger, Annette Bening and Tom hopeyou can join IMDb and the Academy Museum's community of early supporters by making a gift tothe campaign today. Or, sign up for the Academy Museum mailing list to hear about upcomingmuseum events and developments.Donate NowHelp make movie history and join in elite group of supporters, including IMDb, by makingyour contribution today.To see a full the Academy Museum founding supporters, click here. If you would like tomake a donation or leam more about naming opportunities, please contact Christine JoyceRodriguez, Manager of Annual Giving, at @ or 310 247 3040.Academy Museum of Motion Pictures is located________.A. in the downtown area of Los AngelesB. in the suburb of the city of Los AngelesC. in the Los Angeles County Museum of ArtD. in the centre of Wilshire May CompanyAcademy Museum of Motion Pictures will focus on____________.A. the exhibition of film equipmentB. the impact of film industry on world cultureC. the popularity of Hollywood movie cultureD. the achievements of American galleries and theatres62. The passage is intended to ______________.A. promote the Academy Museum and make movie historyB. arouse people's interest in the Academy MuseumC. raise enough money for the Academy MuseumD. help realize the Academy Museum founding supporters' dreams(C)To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s declarationthat social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practicalends, is a major source of social change.Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does notexist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humansuse a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solidmass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot servesthe purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclearaccident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in whichwell-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Sincetechnology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worrythat we will use out technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But theyhave been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish.Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impactof technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computerrevolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasksthat once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to aninformation-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones,particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was arevolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionaryis that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through massproduction, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of Americanlife, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge andcommunication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.63. Why does the author give the examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl?A. To show that technology could be used to destroy our world.B. To stress the author's concern about the safety of complex technology.C. To prove that technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man.D. To demonstrate that being a human creation, technology is likely to make an error.64. What does the phrase "went haywire" in paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. were out of rangeB. went out of dateC. fell out of useD. got out of control65.According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because___________.A.the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mindB.the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people beforeC.it has helped to switch to an information technologyD.it has a great potential impact on society66. In the passage, the author clearly shows his_____________.A. keen insight into the nature of technologyB. sharp criticism of the role of the Industrial RevolutionC. thorough analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computersD. comprehensive description of the negative consequences of technologySection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.How to Keep Your Digital Memorials Safe?Do you value your digital stuff? Nearly everyone is creating things with computers, and some do it without any concern for its value. Others recognize its current value, but think little about what it could mean to them in the future, and either aren't aware or don't think that all of it could be destroyed?tomorrow. But hard drives die all the time, and the online services into which people sink their time close with alarming regularity, taking the work of millions of people with .Stepsto make a quick backup.?If nothing else, get a cheap USB stick and drag-and-drop your documents folder onto it. Worry about the other things later. You?should?do more thanthis, but it's most important to take the most valuable, irreplaceable information fromyour hard drive and put it on a second medium to guard against hard drive failure, theftor loss.what you value.?Some questions to ask yourself are:How replaceable is this data? Howgood are you at assessing the value of items? _______68__________. For things like business accounts and documents, the answer is?of course you would. This kind of thing should be your first priority.3.Start making backups. __________69__________ Diminishing returns (效益递减) apply in backups as they do with everything else. The cheapest and simplest backup methods take care of an overwhelming majority of likely loss-of-stuff. Over-complicating your backup strategy is the biggest trap: the more complicated and expensive you insist on making it, the?less likely you are to do it.4.____________70______________If one of your backup drives fails, replace it immediately.?Remember that all storage devices eventually become obsolete (陈旧的). If you have valuable files on obsolete media, those files become increasingly difficult to access with every passing year. So in order to keep your files accessible, remember to migrate your collection to new storage media periodically.IV Summary WritingDirection: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main file of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Airline seats have been one-size-fits-all since the beginning. Today, those to 18-inch wide seats are anything but.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity(肥胖症) has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than billion adults were overweight, and over 600 million were obese. The unchanged seat size and increase of obese passengers highlight the conflict between airlines' needs and basic passenger rights.Last month, lawyer Giorgio Destro, an Italian lawyer, sued Emirates, claiming his flight was disturbed by an obese passenger seated next to him. According to reports, Destro was not able to comfortably sit in his assigned seat, and spent much of the nine-hour flight standing or sitting in crew seats, because a 400-pound passenger took up half of his seat.Many airlines have responded to the growing obesity by insisting passengers of size buy two seats to ensure safety and comfort. Samoa Air, for example, is charging by weight (which has become known as a "fat tax"). At first glance, the fat tax issue sounds discriminatory (歧视的, but some argue that this is purely down to numbers. A kilo is a kilo. It has nothing to do, with the condition of the heavier a plane is, the more fuel it burns through.In other words, the argument is whether it is fair that a 150-pound person is charged for their 50-pound bag, when a 300-pound person with a carry-on isn’t charged anything extra.However, Peggy Howell of NAAFA argues that obesity is an illness, and that obese people should be entitled to having certain rights protected.“We question the legality of the discriminatory policy and whether it violates the AirCarrier Access Act governing the treatment of passengers with disabilit ies,” she says. “The American Medical Association (AMA) recently declared obesity a disease, which should make fat passengers a protected class.”Howell points out that the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) addressed this issue in 2009,and issued a ‘on e-person, one-fare’ ruling covering passengers with disabilities. Those passengers include ones who are ‘clinically obese’ and who cannot fit into a single seat.Direction: Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets.72. 互联网经济在为中国的国内外贸易提供新的机遇。
上海市静安区高三二模英语试卷
上海市静安区高三二模英语试卷随着2017高考的结束，2018的学生也进入了高三的学习，学生在复习的时候，需要多做题，下面店铺的小编将为大家带来关于上海二模的英语试卷的介绍，希望能够帮助到大家。
上海市静安区高三二模英语试卷分析第I卷 (共103分)Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.A. The traffic is too heavy.B. He can’t get up that early.C. There is no bus that early.D. He is always late.2. A. In her office. B. At home. C. In a call box. D. In a supermarket.3. A. Swimming. B. Tennis. C. Skiing. D. Running.4. A. Tuesday morning. B. Tuesday afternoon.C. Wednesday morning.D. Wednesday afternoon.5. A. They will meet Mike on the way . B. They will have an early start.C. Mike is usually late.D. Mike may not come tomorrow.6. A. He enjoyed food there. B. The place was beautiful.C. He saw fireworks.D. He met an old friend.7. A. To call Sam. B. To make her address book tidy.C. To buy a new mobile phone.D. To go out with the man.8. A. Jane is going to be an accountant. B. Jane is eager to go home for the vacation.C. Jane won’t spend the summer at home.D. Jane is already on her way home.9. A. The neighbor shouldn’t decorate the house.B. The neighbor shou ldn’t sleep early.C. The neighbor should not make noises at night.D. The neighbor should move out.10. A. Things in France are really cheap.B. Things in France are not cheap as are expected.C. Things in France are the most expensive in the world.D. Things in France are cheaper than in US.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She sat back and relaxed. B. She decided to retire.C. She entered university.D. She worked out a new English program.12. A. Bring a great deal of useful experience to the university.B. Improve human relationships in the university.C. Bring a fear of aging among young students on the campus.D. Improve the reputation of the university.13. A. English and drama. B. How to make sound judgments.C. How to teach minority students.D. To observe, not tojudge.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. A natural disaster. B. A power failure.C. Homeless farmers.D. A serious accident.15. A. Jews and some Arabs. B. Arabs and North Africans.C. Jews and North Africans.D. North Americans and some Arabs.16. A. Exchange them for banks. B. Save them for travelers.C. Collect them for poor children.D. Spend them on duty-free goods.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks l7 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Summers with Father The boy’s opinion on the summers with his father: __17__. The cause of the boy’s taking summer courses: Their father thought he __18__ the part of their education. The boy’s summer courses included: __19__history and navigation. The goal of the boy’s voyage: Towards an __20__.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? __21__. What does Mrs. Sutton inquire about? __22__ in England. What does Mr. Shaw advise Mrs. Sutton to do first? To find afamily doctor and __23__ him or her. How far is Dr. Jones’s health center from their place? __24__.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )Is It Safe to Fly With an Infant on Your Lap?Federal (联邦的) transportation safety officials are using the deadly crash of an overloaded plane in Montana to restore (25) ______________ long-standing debate about whether small children should be allowed to travel on the laps (大腿部) of adults.The 10-seater plane crashed as it (26) ______________( land ) in Butte in March 2009, killing all 14 people aboard, including seven children. Investigators say that several of the children were found far from the plane, suggesting that they weren’t properly restrained.The National Transportation Safety Board is asking regulators to require all passengers to have their own seats and seat belts, including children under the age of 2,who(27) ______________ ( allow ) to sit on an adult’s lap now.The crash was so severe that it’s unlikely anybody would have survived even with proper restraints, (28) ______________ the “accident renews the NTSB’s longstanding concerns” about the restraints, the recommendation reads.The FAA (联邦航空局) agrees that the safest place for a child on a flight is in a seat using an(29) ______________ ( approve ) childrestraint and not on an adult’s lap. But the FAA won’t make it a requirement because the agency believes many families with small children wouldn’t pay the cost of an extra ticket, and instead would travel by highway, which statistically is much more dangerous than air travel.Last decade, the FAA considered(30) ______________( change ) the rule, but decided against it, (31) ______________ ( refer ) to statistics (统计数字) from 2004 showing nearly 43,000 people died on U.S. highways, compared to 13 on commercial flights.“What we found was (32) ______________ there were some parents who would be sensitive to price and they would choose to drive instead of fly,” FAA spokeswoman Alison Duquette said. “We would be forcin g them into automobiles, which are less safe.”( B )Computers and GirlsThe girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of (33) ______________ the researchers call a major new gender gap in technology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Women says, “Girls tend to be (34) ______________ ( comfortable ) than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than to discover new ways in which (35) ______________( understand) information.”After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University Women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls constantly rate (36) ______________ significantly lowerthan boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys (37) ______________ the classroom.The instructor of this computer lab says he’s already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, “Boys are not so afraid that they might do something that will harm the computer, (38) ______________girls are afraid they might break it somehow.”The software company Purple Moon says it has found what girls want --- characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what’s going on in their own lives. Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says, “What we hav e definitely found from girls is that there is no essential reason (39) ______________ they wouldn’t want to play on a computer; it was just a content thing.”The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this --- the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys (40) ______________ be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the 21st century.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientific breakthroughs mean that life expectancy continues to rise every year. But the medical advances which now make it possible to think about living to a very great age --- if not forever --- also raise profound practical and ethical issues.Is immortality (永生) a realistic __41__?Not for the foreseeable future. In last year’s Reith lectures, the gerontologist (老年病学家) Professor Tom Kirkwood firmly quashed (打消) the idea that genetic engineering might result insome kind of “fountain of youth”. Considering how __42__slow the battles against cancer, heart disease and strokes have been, he said, it is fanciful to imagine that we could conquer death. On the other hand, scientists do now understand more about why we age, and what can be done to slow down the process. “Our ancestral genes placed limited __43__on long-term maintenance and repair,” says Kirkwood. “Ageing comes about through the gradual build-up of __44__ faults in the cells and tissues of our bodies, not as the result of some active mechanism for death and destruction.” The __45__ , then, is to help the body repair the damage done by wear and tear.How can that be done?In many different ways, some of which are already pretty common. Organ transplants from pigs and monkeys are now old news --- the American politician Jesse Helms has just had a ten-year-old pig valve (瓣膜) in his heart __46__. Doctors have succeeded in __47__computerized implants directly to nerve fibres, allowing the deaf to hear, and there is hope that electrodes (电极) planted in the brain may soon offer hope for the blind to see. But the real __48__at the moment lies in the field of stem cells --- special cells that allow lizards (蜥蜴) to grow new tails and humans to grow new skin over __49__cuts. If scientists can learn how to control these cells, they could be used to reproduce parts of the body that are __50__.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病)and Parkinson’sdisease (帕金森病) are common and many notable people have developed them, they have received more public attention.Alzheimer’s DiseaseMan y people imagine that Alzheimer’s disease, the degenerative (退化的) disorder that eventually leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. While the risks of contracting the disease increase with age, there are many elderly people whose memories are perfect. Most of us are so ill-__51__ about all forms of memory loss that we label everything as “Alzheimer’s ”. Alzheimer’s disease itself can affect people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also __52__ the blame for other non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. __53__, only an examination of the brain tissue during an autopsy (解剖) can produce an accurate __54__ of the disease.The causes of Alzheimer’s are unknown. They may b e either __55__ or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13,000 people whose parents or siblings had the disease showed they had five times __56__ chance of passing away by the age of 80 than those with no family history of the problem.__57__, there are other factors. In a study of identical twins, it was found that only about half of the twin pairs developed Alzheimer’s and, when both twins __58__ it, they did so as much as 15 years apart. The possibility that environment plays a part was boosted by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other group in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher incidence of the disease.Aluminum (铝) has been blamed for the development of Alzheimer’s. This is because a high level aluminum has beenfound in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time that aluminum was becoming widely __59__ for use in cooking pots.Memory loss, __60__ in performing familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all indicators of the beginning of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, then verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go.Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinso n’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system which __61__ more than one million Americans. Individuals with PD lack the substance dopamine (多巴胺), which is __62__ for the central nervous system’s control of muscle activity. Parki nson’s Disease is often characterized by shake, inflexibility in limbs and joints, speech disability and difficulty in __63__ physical movement. Late in the course of the disease, some patients develop dementia (痴呆症) and eventually Alzheimer’s disease. __64__, some Alzheimer patients develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Medications such as levodopa (左多巴), which changes itself into dopamine once inside the brain, which prevents degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons (神经细胞), are used to improve diminished or __65__ motor symptoms in PD patients, but do not correct the mental changes that occur.51. A. judged B. equipped C. informed D. advised52. A. take B. put C. lay D. hold53. A. On the other hand B. For example C. After all D. In the end54. A. description B. demonstration C. diagnosis D. illustration55. A. natural B. instinctual C. genetic D. internal56. A. slighter B. fainter C. less D. more57. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Finally58. A. came up with B. did away with C. went down with D. put up with59. A. available B. valuable C. memorable D. inaccessible60. A. complaint B. difficulty C. ease D. complexity61. A. touch B. influence C. concern D. affect62. A. important B. unimportant C. priceless D. worthless63. A. stopping B. changing C. initiating D. controlling64. A. Additionally B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Particularly65. A. treated B. showed C. released D. reducedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )The stylistic innovation in painting known as Impressionism began in the 1870’s. The Impressionists wanted to depict (描绘) what they saw in nature, but they were inspired to portray incomplete moments by the increasingly fast pace of modern life. They concentrated on the play of light over objects, people, and nature, breaking up seemingly solid surfaces, stressing vivid contrast between colors in sunlight and shade, and depiction reflected light in all of its possibilities. Unlike earlier artists, they did not want to observe the world from indoors. They abandoned the studio, painting in the open air and recording spontaneous(自然的)impressions of their subjects instead of making outside sketches and then moving indoors to complete the work from memory.Some of the impressionists’ painting methods were affected by technological advances. For example, the shift from the studio to the open air was made possible in part by the arrival of cheap rail travel, which permitted easy and quick access to the countryside or seashore, as well as by newly developed chemical dyes and oils that led to folding paint tubes, which enabled artists to finish their paintings on the spot.Impressionism acquired its name not from supporters but from angry art lovers who felt threatened by the new painting. The term “Impressionism” was born in 1874, when a group of artists who had been working together organized an exhibition of their paintings in order to draw public attention to their work. Reaction from the public and press was immediate, and derisive (嘲笑的). Among the 165 paintings exhibited was one called Impression: Sunrise, by Claude Monet (1840-1926).Viewed through hostile eyes, Monet’s painting of a rising sun over a misty, watery scene seemed messy, hurried, and an insult to good taste. Borrowing Monet’s title, art critics extended the term “Impressionism” to the entire exhibit. In response, Monet and his 29 fellow artists in the exhibit adopted the same name as a symbol of their unity, despite individual differences. From then until 1886 Impressionism had all the enthusiasm for a “church”, as the painter Renoir put it. Monet was faithful to the Impressionist belief until his death, although many of the others moved on to new styles.66. Which of the following was one of the distinguishing characteristics of Impressionist painting according to the passage?A. The emphasis on people rather than nature scenes.B. The way the subjects were presented from multiple angles.C. The focus on small solid objects.D. The depiction of the effects of light and color.67. The exhibition of paintings organized in 1874 resulted in all of the following EXCEPT___________.A. attracting attention from the publicB. a negative reaction from the pressC. an immediate demand for the paintings exhibitedD. creating a name for a new style of painting68. Which of the following caused the rejection of the impressionist exhibition?A. The small number of paintings on display.B. Lack of interest in exhibitions by young artists.C. The similarity between all the paintings exhibited.D. Anger about seemingly poorly painted art.69. What aspect of painting in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?A. The impact of some artists’ resistance to the fast pace of life.B. The differences between two major styles of art.C. A technological advance in the materials used by artists.D. A group of artists with a new technique and approach to art.( B )70. Which of the following is correct according to the web page?Athletes and teams are battling for 42 places in qualifying competitions.Qualification can be achieved according to the worldrankings of the athletes.All qualified athletes who have earned places will be sent to the Rio Olympics.The qualification system for football is determined by IOC.71. When you click on the sports, you will probably read the following information EXCEPT ___________.the Olympic qualification system for each of the 42 sports the list of the countries that have qualified for the Olympics the official release of the qualifying competitions resultsthe world rankings of the athletes in previous years72. Which of the following about “a quota place for the Olympics” is NOT correct?Each nation must earn a quota place to send athletes to the Olympic Games.It is possible that unplaced athletes will win quota places for the Olympic Games.A quota place guarantees the athlete who earns it will be competing in the Olympic Games.Each National Olympic Committee makes the final decision on which athlete to fill the quota.( C )The Federal Communications Commission (联邦通讯委员会) (FCC) Chairman Kevin Martin just relaunched the formal review of media ownership rules. The agency’s “Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking,” issued July 25, is vague, but its intention is clear: to let a few giant media corporations swallow up more local television channels, radio stations and newspapers in a single market. Martin’s main target is the ban on “newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership” that prohibits one company from owning the major daily newspaper as well as radio and TVstations in the same area. He’d also l ike to allow one company to own more than one TV station in smaller markets, and more than two in the largest cities. A few powerful firms in major cities have won waivers (弃权) to the ban, or at least delays on enforcement, but those are the exceptions.Th at Déjà vu you’re feeling is because the FCC tried to push through the same rule changes in 2003 under then-Chairman Michael Powell. In response, millions of people --- encouraged by groups such as the National Rifle Assn. and the National Organization for Women --- contacted the FCC and Congress to voice their opposition. The FCC approved the rule changes anyway, only to see them nearly overturned by Congress and then rejected by the courts. Despite the overwhelming public opposition, Martin’s latest attem pt to eliminate cross-ownership rules is driven by the massive lobbying (游说) of a cartel (企业联盟) of second-tier big media companies specializing in newspaper and broadcast station ownership, such as Gannett, Media General and Tribune. Their motive is bigger profits.But what’s good for Big Media’s bottom line isn’t always good for the rest of us. The first victim of “media company towns” would be journalism. When one firm owns most of a city’s news outlets, who needs a bunch of competing newsrooms? Investigative reporting and extensive local coverage requires a costly staff. It’s far cheaper to syndicate (出售给多个媒体) fare from headquarters than to support a diversity of local voices. If your readers and viewers don’t like it, where else are they going to go?Once the big chains start selling and exchanging their properties to build up larger fiefdoms (地盘),the already declining number of independent and minority owners will be furthersqueezed out. Today, just one in five daily newspapers is owned by individuals o r companies that don’t own any other newspapers. According to the most recent FCC data, fewer than 4% of radio stations and 2% of TV stations are owned by minorities.Industry and Wall Street publicity says local media can’t compete without further consolidation (整合). Yet media companies already enjoy higher profit margins than most industries. They say we must deregulate (解除控制). But radio and TV station ownership is by definition regulated --- these are the public airwaves and there are only so many channels available in a community. The only question is on whose behalf will Washington make the rules: major media companies or the public?73. The rule on “newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership” intends to ___________.A. prevent companies from owning both television and radio stationsB. limit a company from owning more than one television stationC. replace giant media corporations with media company townsD. protect local voices, vigorous competition and diverse viewpoints74. Which of the following will proba bly happen if the FCC’s rule changes are approved?A. The government will completely dominate public speech.B. The public will voice their strong opposition to Congress.C. The number of radios and TV stations will decline sharply.D. The local media competition will be almost eliminated.75. “Déjà vu”( Line l, Paragraph 2 ) probably means a feeling that___________.A. a new situation has occurred beforeB. a familiar situation becomes unfamiliarC. the situation has run out of controlD. the situation is better than expected76. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. The former chairman of the FCC ignored public opinion with a risk.B. A company is forbidden to own more than one newspaper.C. The local news outlets are controlled by independent companies.D. Media industry used to be an unprofitable industry.77. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Can We Hear More Local Voices?B. Do We Really Want Big Media to Get Even Bigger?C. How Will FCC’s Action Affect Consumers?D. How Will Washington Make Media Ownership Rules?Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Employers in some unlikely places say they’re having trouble filling jobs. Factory managers in Ho Chi Minh city report many of their $62-a-month workers went home for the Tet (越南春节)holiday in February and never came back. In Bulgaria, computer experts are in such demand that they can’t be bothered to answer the want ads of a Los Angeles movie studio. And in Peoria, Caterpillar Inc. is struggling to train enough servicetechnicians. The problem in each case: not enough people who are both able and willing to do the work for the posted pay. “We’ve got a global problem and it’s going to continue to get worse,” says Stephen Hitch, a human resources manager at Caterpillar.A global labor shortage, already being felt by some employers, appears to have worsened in recent months. That’s in spite of widely publicized layoffs, including Citigroup’s plans to dismiss as many as 15,000 staff. In fact, U. S. unemployment remains low --- just 4.5% in February --- and even companies in countries with higher jobless rates are feeling under great pressure. “It’s not just a U. S. phenomenon,” says Jeffery A. Joerres, CEO of Manpower Inc., the staffing agency. On March 29, Manpower was to release the results of a survey of nearly 37,000 employers in 27 countries. The study found that 41% of them are having trouble hiring people they need.What’s going on here? With global growth running at a strong 5% a year since 2004, the strategies that companies developed to hold down labor costs --- including offshoring (境外生产) work to low-wage countries --- are running out of gas far sooner than many expected. The seemingly inexhaustible pools of cheap labor from China, India, and elsewhere are drying up as demand exceeds the supply of people with the needed skills. “Companies were hoping they wouldn’t have to worry about human resources at all.” says Peter Capelli, director of the Center for Human Resources at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School. “Now they do.” Corporations are determined to keep labor costs under control, so they’re reaching deeper into their bag of tricks. Some are doing more in-house training, so they don’t have to hire high-priced talent on the openmarket. Some are lowering their standards for new hires or moving operations to undeveloped territories other outsourcers (外包商) haven’t discovered, such as the Belarusian cap ital, Minsk, or smaller cities in Bulgaria and Romania.( Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. It can be inferred that the Los Angeles movie studio ________________________________.79. Why won’t the able people go to fill the jobs ?________________________________________________________________ __________.80. What did western companies think of the cheap labor market from Asian countries? ____________________________________________________________________ ______.81. More in-house training in some companies aims at _________________________________.第II卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.在日本，是不允许在地铁和公共汽车上用手机打电话的。
2016届静安区(四区联考)高三二模英语卷
静安区2012学年第二学期高三年级英语学科质量监控测试试卷第I 卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Sectio n A, you will hear ten short con versati ons betwee n two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoke n only on ce. After you hear a con versati on and the questi on about it, read the fourpossible an swers on your paper, and decide which one is the best an swer to the questi on you have heard.1. A. 8:15.B. 8:45. 2. A. Terrible.B. Regretful. 3. A. Its quality.B. Its space. 4. A. Husba nd and wife.C. Customer and waitress.5. A. At a nu rsery school.B. At a studio. 6. A. He doesn ' t like living in the suburbs.C. He can ' t afford to stay there. 7. A. He gave the woma n the wrong in formati on. C. He put the sugar in the black container. 8. A. Take some medici ne. C. Take his temperature. 9. A. The woma n is good at maths.C. The man is the cheerleader in school. C. 9:13. C. Exhausted. C. Its desig n. B. Doctor and patie nt.D. Boss and employee. C. I n a ci nema. B. The suburbs make lots ofno ise.D. He has to pay a lot to take a taxi.B. He added salt to the coffee.D. He broke the two contain ers.B. Stay in hospital.D. Have some soft drink.B. The man has problem with maths.D. The woma n is a trouble maker.10. A. Sam applied for the job first.B. Christi na is supposed to be in charge of the departme nt.C. Sam is capable eno ugh of tak ing the resp on sibility.D. Christi na is the right pers on for the job vaca ncy.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questi ons on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questi ons will be spoke n only on ce. When you hear a questi on, read the four possible an swers on your paper and decide which one would be the best an swer to the questi on you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In the middle of the hall.B. At the back of the room.C. Next to the gate.D. At the in formatio n desk. 12. A. Speak without permission.B. Note down the agenda （议程）.C. Read the age nda carefully.D. Fill out a “ Speaker Card ”.13. A. Just share the ideas with the partner in the meet ing room.B. In terrupt the speaker whe never he just talks nonsen se.C. Keep quiet whe n somebody else is giv ing his opinions.D. 9:30. D. Satisfied. D. Its price. D. I n a store.D. Talk on the cell phone in a low voice during the meeting.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. 6a.m.-8a.m., 9p.m.-11p.m.. B. 5a.m.-7a.m., 5p.m.-7p.m..C. 5a.m.-6a.m., 5p.m.-6p.m..D. 6a.m.-7a.m., 8p.m.-9p.m..15. A. To make the town cleaner and better the environment.B. To reduce the amount of the waste.C. To in troduce a new resource-recycli ng compa ny.D. To try some new way out to decrease its n egative effects.16. A. They have to help clean the streets for a whole day.B. They have reached an agreeme nt with the local reside nts.C. They travel a lot to look after family bus in esses.D. They come back home late and miss the waste collect ion time.Section CDirections: In Sectio n C, you will hear two Ion ger con versati ons. The con versati ons will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with in formati on you have heard. Write your an swers on your an swer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: Ben eath each of the followi ng senten ces there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one an swer that best completes the sentence.25. The start of a new year brings hope — hope ______ b etter health, more happ in ess and greater success.A. amongB. forC. overD. on26. -What is the man, actually?T don ' t know fou re. But I think he can be ______ b ut a policeman.A. nothingB. someth ingC. everyth ingD. anything27. - Do you know where David is? I could n ' t find him any where.-Well. He ____ have gone far —his glasses are still here.A. shouldn ' tB. mustn ' tC. can ' tD. wouldn 't28. I suppose you are un willi ng to cha nge your idea, ___ ?A. aren ' t youB. do IC. don ' t ID. are you29. At the moment of the car accident, Jas on' s life ____ i n the blink of an eye.A. cha ngesB. had cha ngedC. was cha ngingD. cha nged30. The law says that all public build ings must be accessible to people who have trouble ____ .A. walkingB. walkC. to walkD. walked31. Many stude nts apply for a positi on at that compa ny, but only a few ___ .A. are being acceptedB. are acceptedC. have acceptedD. accept32. Desserts made from apples, such as pies, apple pan cakes and apples ________ in sugar are available for sampli ng.A. dippi ngB. dipC. dippedD. to dip33. Tom ' s resolution _____ up drinking alcohol lasted only two days.A. give nB. givi ngC. giveD. to give34. The boy, one of the so-called rich second generation, forced his parents to buy a new car it might cost.A. no matter howB. however highC. no matter how muchD. how much35. A bus in ess pla n should be a strategic outli ne of ___ y ou are going to do, why and how youare going to do it.A. whatB. whichC. howD. that36. The teacher left word with our monitor ____ she would explain the problem again next time.A. whoB. whichC. asD. that37. They will pay a visit to Europe in a couple of years ____ they have eno ugh mon ey.A. for fear thatB. on condition thatC. even thoughD. as well as38. Every time Gina catches her employees ____ time, she reminds them that time is mon ey.A. to wasteB. wasti ngC. wastedD. waste39. Not until 2012 _____ to a Chin ese writer for the first time.A. the Nobel Prize in literature was awardedB. was awarded the Nobel Prize in literatureC. was the Nobel Prize in literature awardedD. the Nobel Prize was awarded in literature40. Brain POP is an educati onal program con sist ing of brief ani mated videos _ a man n amedTim and his robot friend Moby discuss various subjects.A. in whichB. whichC. asD. in thatSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used on ce. Note that there is one word more tha n you n eed.More than two million people in Europe now have fiber broadband (光纤宽带)direct to their home, suggests a survey. The latest __41__ on superfast broadba nd delivered by fiber to the home (FTTH) show18% growth over the last survey compiled in late 2008.The continued growth suggests that the __42__ econo mic decli ne has not hit pla ns to build fiber n etworks. Swede n __43__ the list of n ati ons appl ying the tech no logy, with 10.9% of its broadba nd customers using fiber. Karel Helse n, preside nt of Europe ' Isiber -To-The-Home Coun cil, said the growth matched predicti ons that were __44__ whe n the credit crisis started to make itself felt. “ The nu mbers in 2009 are in line with the latest forsaicfcMI,r. Helse n.By 2012, the FTTH Coun cil expects that 13 millio n people across 35 Europea n n ati ons will have their broadba nd delivered by fiber. Such services would start at a speed of 100 megabits per sec ond (mbps), said Mr. Helse n. Around Europe more tha n 233 projects were un derway to lay the fibers that would __45__ homes or buildi ngs to the n et, said Mr. Helse n. Many of those, he said, were being operated by local governments or smaller net firms. Local governments were in terested in FTTH because of the econo mic and social __46__ it brought in its wake, said Mr. Helse n.The low delay in high-speed fiber n etworks made __47__ new uses of broadba nd, he said.“ No delay is very important, he said, “ specifically if you talk about __48__ that are time-dependent such as personal communications, conference calls or video calls where delays cause a lot of trouble. ” While early FTTH services were __49__ in cities, said Mr. Helse n, manymore were reach ing out to rural areas for e-health and e-lear ning projects.III. Readi ng Comprehe nsionSection ADirections: For each bla nk in the followi ng passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each bla nk with the word or phrase that best fits the con text.Large compa nies n eed a way to reach the savi ngs of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller__50__, faces practically every compa ny trying to __51__ new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of rais ing the sort of sums n eeded from friends and people we know. While banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are gen erally __52__ to provide money on a perma nent basis for Ion g-term projects. So compa nies turn to public, in vit ing people to lend them mon ey, or take a share in the bus in ess in __53__ for a share in future profits. This they do by __54__ stocks and shares in the bus in ess through the Stock Excha nge. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of __55__ and organizations, both at home and overseas.When the saver n eeds his money back, he does not have to go to the compa ny with whom he origi nally placed it. __56__, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seek ing to__57__ his mon ey.Many of the __58__ needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the gover nment or by local authorities. Without hospitals, electricity, teleph on es, railways, this country could not __59__. All these require __60__ spending on new equipment and new developme nt if they are to serve us properly, requiri ng more money tha n is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries __61__ frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spe nding, and they, too, come to the Stock Excha nge.There is __62__ a man or woma n in this country whose job or whose sta ndard of livi ng does not __63__ the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or ano ther this new money must come from the savi ngs of the coun try. The Stock Excha nge __64__ to provide a cha nnel through which these savi ngs can reach those who n eed finance.50. A. level B. exte nt C. scale D. basis51. A. programme B. provide C. develop D. prepare52. A. un expected B. un willi ng C. un believable D. un certa in53. A. search B. exchange C. value D. comfort54. A. issu ing B. allowi ng C. produci ng D. acquiri ng55. A. immigra nts B. in vestigators C. in heritors D. i ndividuals56. A. I ndeed B. In fact C. In addition D. In stead57. A. elimi nate B. reflect C. in vest D. profit58. A. properties B. appliancesC. foun dati onsD. services59. A. fun ctio n B. experie nee C. share D. la unch60. A. i nvisible B. con ti nu ous C. limited D. econo mical61. A. therefore B. however C. n evertheless D. otherwise62. A. defi nitely B. almost C. hardly D. probably63. A. turn dow n B. depend on C. take over D. put off64. A. releases B. forces C. leaves D. existsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A voyaging ship was wrecked during a storm at sea and only two of the men aboard were able to swim to a small, desert-like island. Not knowing what else to do, the two survivors agreed that they had no alter nativetha n to pray to God.However, to find out whose prayers were more powerful, they agreed to divide the territory betwee n them and stay on opposite sides of the isla nd.The first thing they prayed for was food. The n ext morning, the first man saw a fruit-beari ng treeon his side of the isla nd, and he was able to eat its fruit. But the other man 'remained barren.After a week, the first man became Ionely and decided to pray for a wife. The next day, ano ther ship was wrecked and the only survivor was a woma n who swam to his side of the isla nd. But on the other side of the isla nd, there was nothing.Soon thereafter the first man prayed for a house, clothes and more food. The next day, like magic, all of these things were given to him. However, the second man still had nothing.Fin ally, the first man prayed for a ship so that he and his wife could leave the isla nd, and in the morning he found a ship docked at his side of the isla nd.The first man boarded the ship with his wife and decided to leave the second man on the island, considering the ot her man unworthy to receive God ' s blessings since none of his prayershad bee n an swered.As the ship was about to leave, the first man heard a voice from Heave n boo ming,s parcel of land“ W hyou leav ing your compa nion on the isla nd? ”“ Myblessings are mine alone since I was the one who prayed for them, "the first man answered. “ His prayers were all unanswered and so he doesn ' t deserve anything. ”“ You are mistaken! ” the voice rebuked him. “ He had only one prayer, which I answered. Ifnot for that, you would not have rec eived any of my bless in gs. ”“ Tellme," the first man asked the voice, “ whatdid he pray for that I should owe him anything? ”“ He prayed that all your prayers would be answered. ”For all we know, our bless ings are not the fruits of our prayers alone, but those of ano ther pray ing for us. So what you do for others is more importa nt tha n what you do for yourself.65. The first man ' s wife is _________.A. a swimmer who got to the island by accidentB. an an gel sent by God to keep him compa nyC. a survivor from ano ther wrecked shipD. a n ative pers on on the desert-like isla nd66. The un derl ined word “ barren "Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____ .A. isolatedB. un productiveC. fertileD. dry67. Which of the followi ng is true about the sec ond man?A. He didn ' t deserve any blessing from God.B. None of his prayers was an swered by God.C. He is not brave eno ugh to tell God his n eeds.D. His prayer helped his compa nion get out of trouble.68. What' s thmoral of the story?A. Never judge a pers on by appeara nee.B. Don ' t lose heart in trouble.C. Help ing others is help ing ourselves.D. Greed is the root of all evil.但)Stewart Isla nd Ferry ServicesWhile most visitors spend at least one night on Stewart Island, it is also readily accessible by ferry as a day excurs ion from In vercargill and Bluff.Experienee Foveaux Strait in comfort and style on board our express catamarans. During the one-hour crossing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lookout for wildlife, especially seabirds. Watch ing mollymawks (albatross) soari ng behi nd the ferry is a fan tastic sight.In teresti ng Ian dmarks com monly see n in elude Dog Isla nd Lighthouse, Ruapuke Isla nd, Titi Islands and Mt Anglem - Stewart Island ' s highest po«Free tea and coffee on board«In terpretatio n han douts are available (En glish onl y).«Wheelchair access availablePers onal baggage is carried free on the ferries - max. two bags per pers on (one stowed and one small carry-on).Additi onal baggage is by prior arran geme nt.Vehicle parking available at Bluff (extra cost - reservations recommended)20%_Multi-Purchase_REWARD ____ on Return Ferry ServicesBuy 2 or more different excursions and SAVE 20% off all lower priced! Kids Go FREE on selected departures during NZ School Holidays! Kids Go FREE for travel 20 April - 5 May 2013.69. If leavi ng a car at Bluff, a traveler had better ____ .A. refer to the han douts firstB. use wheelchair accessC. make a reservati onD. park it 30 mi nu tes before departure time70. John, who went to Stewart Island on Dec. 28 th, got to the ferry dock at 7:55am. When did he most probably leaveBluff?A. At 8:00a.m..B. At 9:30a.m..C. At 11:00a.m..D. At 3:00p.m..71. Which of the followi ng is false about the ferry services?A. Tea and coffee are free for passe ngers.B. Childre n go free for travel for about 15 days.C. Travelers are sure to see some seabirds duri ng the cross ing.D. Passe ngers have to pay extra cost for extra pieces of luggage.(C)Barack Obama urged con gressi on al leaders on Mon day to act quickly to pass a huge stimulus package for the U.S. economy. He met with a bipartisan (concerning or involving two different political parties) group of lawmakers on Capitol Hill. Later he met individually with Democratic and Republica n House and Sen ate leaders and spoke to a bipartisa n leadership gatheri ng. Incomme nts to reporters early on Mon day, he emphasized the urge ncy of fin aliz ing econo mic legislation （立法）.“ We have got an extraordinary economic challenge ahead of us, ”he said,are expect ing a soberi ng job report at the end of the week. Nancy Pelosi and her staff have bee n extraord inarily helpful in working with our team so that we can shape an economic recovery and rein vestme nt pla n that starts putt ing people back to work. ”Mr. Obama wants tax cuts for in dividual America ns and bus in esses to make up a sig ni fica nt portion of expectedlegislatio n. This could in volve as much as $300 billi on of a bill that is likely to go bey ond $700 billi on and in clude aid to cash-poor U.S. states, and money for alter native en ergy and a range of infrastructure （基础设施）projects. Later, Mr. Obama said he expects to be able to sig n legislati on as soon as the end of t his mon th, add ing that quick action is n ecessary to “ break the drive of the U.S. econo mic depressi on ”.Emerging later from bipartisan talks with Mr. Obama, Nancy Pelosi said lawmakers discussed with the preside nt how to pass a stimulus package as quickly a s possible. “ An econo micrecovery package that will create jobs immediately and will grow the economy and that is what we talked about today, ” said Nancy Pelosi. “ How we could do this fast, deliberatively and to act uponit soon. ” Just how soon that wtoeldPelosi would not say.How much support Democrats can obta in from Republica ns will depe nd on the details. But the severity of the U.S. econo mic depressi on has created con siderable bipartisa n back ing for quick action. Sen ate Majority Leader, Harry Reid s aid: “ There are in vestme nts that we n eed to make onbehalf of the America n people to turn around this economy. We felt very good about the meet ing; we are con fide nt that we can do this and we have to do this. ”"I think the best thing I can do is to decline to comment on what they are going to do going forward, said Dana Peri no. “ Obviously,we thi nk that tax cuts were the right way to help our economy get out of the econo mic depressi on that this preside nt in herited and we know that tax cuts can stimulate in novation. Asked by reporters how large the economic stimulus package might be, Sen ate Majority Leader Reid said Obama in dicated that all but one of some 28 econo mists advis ing him had said it should range from $800 billi on to $1.3 trilli on.72. Barack Obama urged con gressi onal leaders and met with bipartisa n leaders to ___ .A. take over the White HouseB. end econo mic decli neC. un dersta nd each other betterD. n egotiate political issues73. If the stimulus package is passed quickly and successfully, it can ____ .A. obtai n support from Republica nsB. fin alize econo mic legislatio nC. enhance America ' s international positionD. provide job opportunities74. What is the bipartisa n leaders ' attitude towards this meet ing?A. Un certa in.B. Hopeful.C. Disappo in ted.D. In differe nt.75. What can we infer from the passage?A. The best way out of the econo mic depressi on is tax cuts.B. The Republic Party plays the key role in cop ing with the econo mic depressi on.C. Democrats and Republica ns will team up in the econo mic depressi on.D. Whe n the stimulus package will be passed is known to the lawmakers.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra headi ng which you do not n eed.76. _________________________Most people are aware that outdoor air polluti on can damage their health, but many do not know that in door air polluti on can also have sig ni fica nt health effects. Environmen tal Protectio n Age ncy studies in dicate that in door levels of polluta nts may be 2-5 times, and occasi on ally more than 100 times, higher tha n outdoor levels. These levels of in door air polluta nts may be of particular concern because most people spe nd about 90% of their time in doors.77There are many sources of in door air polluti on in any home. These in clude combusti on sources such as oil, gas, coal, wood, and tobacco products; building materials and furnishings as diverse as deteriorated asbestos-c ontaining in sulatio n, wet or damp carpet, and cab in etry or furniture made of certain pressed wood products; products for household cleaning and maintenance, personal care, or hobbies; central heating and cooling systems and humidification devices; and outdoor sources such as rado n, pesticides, and outdoor air polluti on.78Immediate effects may show up after a sin gle exposure or repeated exposures. These in clude irritatio n of the eyes, no se, and throat, headaches, dizz in ess, and fatigue. Such immediate effects are usually short-term and treatable. Sometimes the treatment is simply eliminating the person's exposure to the source of the pollution, if it can be identified. Symptoms of some diseases, including asthma, hypersensitivity and fever, may also show up soon after exposure to some in door air polluta nts.The likelihood of immediate reacti ons to in door air polluta nts depe nds on several factors. Age and pre-existi ng medical con diti ons are two importa nt in flue nces. In other cases, whether a pers on reacts to a polluta nt depe nds on in dividual sen sitivity, which varies treme ndously from person to person. Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures, and it appears that some people can become sen sitized to chemical polluta nts as well.80Certa in immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral diseases, so it is ofte n difficult to determ ine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to in door air pollutio n. For this reason, it is important to pay attention to the time and place the symptoms occur. If the symptoms fade or go away when a person is away from the home and return when the person returns, an effort should be made to ide ntify in door air sources that may be possible causes.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. The n an swer the questi ons or complete the stateme nts in the fewest possible words.Childre n and adolesce nts who watch a lot of televisi on are more likely to have an tisocial and criminal behavior when they become adults, according to a new University of Otago, New Zealand, study published online in the journal Pediatrics . The study followed a group of around 1,000 children born in the New Zealand city of Dunedin in 1972-1973. Every two years between the ages of 5 and 15, they were asked how much television they watched. Those who watched more televisi on were more likely to have a crim inal con victi on and were also more likely to have an tisocial pers on ality traits in adulthood.The study found that the risk of havi ng a crim inal behavior by early adulthood in creased by about 30% with every hour that childre n spe nt watchi ng TV on an average week ni ght.The study also found that watch ing more televisi on in childhood was associated, in adulthood, with aggressive pers on ality, an in creased tendency to experie nee n egative emoti ons, and an in creased risk of an tisocial pers on ality disorder; a psychiatric disorder characterised by persiste nt patter ns of aggressive and an tisocial behavior.The researchers found that the relati on ship betwee n TV viewi ng and an tisocial behavior was not explained by socio-economic status, aggressive or antisocial behavior in early childhood, or pare nti ng factors.A study co-author, Lin dsay Roberts on, says it is not that childre n who were already an tisocial watched more television. “ Rather, children who watched a lot of television were likely to go on tomani fest an tisocial behavior and pers on ality traits. ”Other studies have suggested a link between television viewing and antisocial behavior, though very few have bee n able to dem on strate a cause-a nd-effect seque nee. This is the first‘ reallfe ' study that has asked about TV viewing throughout the whole childhood period, and has looked at a range of an tisocial outcomes in adulthood. As an observati onal study, it cannot prove that watching too much television caused the antisocial outcomes, but the findings are consistent with most of the research and provides further evidenee that excessive television can have Ion g-term con seque nces for behavior.Antisocial behavior is a major problem for society. While we' reiot saying that televisioncauses all an tisocial behavior, our findings do suggest that reduci ng TV view ing could go someway towards reduc ing rates of an tisocial behavior in society, ” says Associate Professor Han cox.The America n Academy of Pediatrics recomme nds that childre n should watch no more tha n1 to2 hours of quality television programming each day. The researchers say their findings support the idea that pare nts should try to limit their childre n's televisi on use.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS. )81. The aim of the study is to reveal _____________________________________________ .82. The researchers chose ____________________________________________ as theirresearch subjects (研究对象) .83. What' s the shortcoming of most of the studies on this topic?84. What do you suppose many pare nts will do after readi ng this passage?第II卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Tran slate the followi ng sentences into En glish, using the words give n in the brackets.85. 许多驾驶员对新的交通法规都感到不习惯。
上海二模英语试题及答案
上海二模英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共15分）1. What is the man going to do this evening?A. Go to a movieB. Attend a concertC. Visit a museum2. Why did the woman refuse the man's invitation?A. She has to work overtimeB. She has a prior engagementC. She is not interested in the event3. What does the woman mean by saying "I'm all ears"?A. She is eager to listenB. She is not listeningC. She is confused by what she heard4. What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and studentB. Doctor and patientC. Friends5. What is the main topic of the conversation?A. Travel plansB. Weather conditionsC. Hobbies二、语法与词汇（共20分）6. The weather was so cold that we decided to ________ our trip.A. call offB. call onC. call forD. call up7. She is always the first to arrive at the office and the last to ________.A. leave offB. take offC. put offD. get off8. The company has ________ a new policy to improve employee satisfaction.A. carried outB. looked intoC. come up withD. gone through9. He was so ________ in the book that he didn't hear the doorbell.A. lostB. foundC. missedD. missed out10. The experiment was a success, and all the data ________ carefully.A. was recordedB. were recordedC. is recordedD. are recorded三、阅读理解（共30分）11. According to the passage, what is the main cause of the environmental problem?A. Industrial pollutionB. DeforestationC. Climate changeD. Overpopulation12. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem?A. Stricter regulationsB. Public awareness campaignsC. International cooperationD. Technological innovation13. What is the author's attitude towards the current situation?A. OptimisticB. PessimisticC. NeutralD. Critical14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The problem is too complex to solve.B. The situation is improving.C. Immediate action is necessary.D. The author is uncertain about the future.15. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To informB. To persuadeC. To entertainD. To describe四、写作（共35分）16. Write an essay of about 150 words on the following topic: "The Importance of Environmental Protection"Answer Key:1-5: ABBCA6-10: ACDCA11-15: CDBAC16. [Answer not provided for essay question]。