专业英语翻译技巧
英语翻译的技巧及注意事项

英语翻译的技巧及注意事项英语翻译必备的技巧及注意事项我们在做翻译题型的时候,是必须要知道一些简单有效的技巧以及要注意的重要事项的。
下面就让店铺给大家分享英语翻译必备的几个技巧以及注意事项吧,希望能对你有帮助!英语翻译的7大技巧一、增词在段落翻译时,为了能充分的表达原文含义,以求达意,翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。
例如:虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。
译文为: Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.其中间加上了增连词whereas,以使英语的句子表达更加有逻辑性。
二、减词考生要明白,英语的表达倾向简洁,汉语比较喜欢重复,重复作为汉语的一种修辞手法,在某种场合下,重复的表达一个意思,是为了强调,加强语气。
汉语中为了有更强的节奏感和押韵,也经常会出现排比句。
考生在翻译这些句子时,为了符合英文表达的逻辑,就要有所删减或省略。
例如:这是革命的春天,这是人民的春天,这是科学的春天!让我们张开双臂,热烈拥抱这个春天吧!译文为:Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science.以上的汉语是比较重复的排比句,汉译英时考生要遵守英语的逻辑表达,加上定语从句来翻译,这样英文句子读起来也朗朗上口。
三、词类转换英语语言的一个很重要的特点,就是词类变形和词性转换,尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。
例如:她的书给我们的印象很深。
译文为:Her book impressed us deeply.在此翻译中汉语中的名词印象转化成英语中的动词impress。
四、语态转换语态分为被动语态和主动语态,汉语中主动语态使用率较高,英语中被动语态的使用率较高。
英语翻译十大技巧

英语翻译十大技巧在今天的全球化时代,英语已经成为了一种全球通用语言,无论是在学校、工作场所还是日常生活中,我们都需要使用英语。
而对于许多非英语母语的人来说,翻译成英语可能是一个具有挑战性的任务。
本文将介绍英语翻译的十大技巧,帮助您更好地应对这一任务。
一、理解原文在开始翻译之前,首先要确保对原文有一个清晰的理解。
仔细阅读原文,理解其中的意思、语境以及作者的写作目的。
只有通过深入理解原文,我们才能更好地传达原文中的信息。
二、根据上下文翻译时常我们会遇到一些具有多义性的词语,在翻译时需要根据上下文来进行选择合适的含义。
通过仔细分析句子所处的语境,我们可以更准确地翻译出这些词语的意思。
三、保持简洁明了英语一直以来都以简洁明了著称,翻译时也要尽量保持这种特点。
避免使用过于繁琐的句子结构和冗长的表达方式,保持句子的简洁性,能够使读者更容易理解所要传达的意思。
四、注意语法和拼写正确的语法和拼写是英语翻译中的关键。
犯下语法和拼写错误可能会导致误解和歧义。
要牢记英语的基本语法规则,仔细检查所翻译的内容,确保语法和拼写的正确性。
五、避免直译直译是一个常见的翻译错误。
有时,一个短语或句子在英语中的表达方式与原文完全不同。
在翻译时,应尽量避免直译,而是根据英语的表达习惯和习语来传达原文的含义。
六、了解文化差异英语的使用和表达方式在不同的文化背景下可能会有所不同。
在翻译时,要注意原文所处的文化背景,并尽可能将这种文化差异传达到译文中。
这样可以使译文更贴近原文的意思,同时也更容易被目标读者所理解。
七、重视语气和语调语气和语调在英语中承载了很多信息。
在翻译时,要尽量保留原文中的语气和语调,使译文更贴合原文的情感色彩。
这样可以使读者更加有身临其境的感受,更好地理解原文的意思。
八、遵循译者的道德准则作为翻译者,我们应该遵循译者的道德准则。
这包括尊重原文作者的原意,不添油加醋地篡改原文的含义,以及对译文进行客观和公正的表达。
我们应该始终忠实于原文,并尽力传达原文所要表达的意思。
专业英语翻译技巧

1. 词义选择 2. 词性转换
3. 改变句子成分
4. 增词减词 5. 分译
一. 词义选择
1. Electricity lights our house. 2. Helium is a very light gas, only twice as heavy as hydrogen. 3. The frequencies of x-rays are very much greater than those of radio waves. 4. Briefly, a long thin wire has a high resistance, a short thick wire has a low resistance.
三. 句子成分转换
1. This device (FET) exhibits a high input impedance. 2. In the above measurement, it is assumed that there is little if any leakage through the condensers. 3. Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics. 4. In the forward direction, the diode has a very low resistance. 5. The voltmeters have as their distinguishing features high input impedance and wide frequency range.
二. 词性转换
1. The flow of electrons is from the negative zinc plate to the positive copper plate. 2. A body is negatively charged when it has electrons in excess of its normal number. 3. An electric current varies directly as the electromotive force and inversely as the resistance. 4. Also present in solids are numbers of free electrons. 5. This communication system is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of operation and the ease with which it can be maintained.
专业英语翻译技巧

专业英语翻译技巧
1.深入理解原文内容:在进行翻译之前,仔细阅读并理解原文的含义和背景。
了解原文作者的意图和目的,以便更好地传达作者的意思。
2.保持原文风格:在翻译过程中,要尽可能保持原文的风格和语气。
这样可以更准确地传达原文的意思,并让读者感受到原文的特点和风格。
3.确保语法准确性:专业英语翻译要求语法准确无误。
细致检查翻译内容的语法错误,避免使用错误的时态、语态或单复数形式等。
4.查找专业术语:在翻译涉及到特定领域的内容时,要学会查找并正确使用专业术语。
专业术语的准确使用可以提高翻译的专业性和可读性。
5.学会与上下文配合:在翻译过程中,要学会将翻译内容与上下文进行配合。
根据前后文的语境进行翻译,确保翻译结果与原文有逻辑上的连贯性。
6.译文可读性:除了准确传达原文的意思外,翻译也要注重译文的可读性。
使用恰当的语言和句式,避免过于生硬或啰嗦的表达方式。
英语 常用十大翻译技巧

英语常用十大翻译技巧常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。
英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。
总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。
如:(1)What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语)(2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)(3)Indeed, the reverse is true.实际情况恰好相反。
(增译名词)(4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)(5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。
英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧

英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐首先是英文理解难,这是学习.使用英文的人的共同感觉,由于两国历史.文化.风俗习惯的不同,所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章,而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒.断断续续,极为别扭.二是中文表达难,英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇,往往被弄得头昏眼花,好像在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙,却没有.另外,英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高,因为我们所翻译的文章,其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域,而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情,如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话.正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难,所以,我们必须通过翻译实践,对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比.概况和总结,以找出一般的表达规律来,避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误,而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧.一.词义的选择和引伸技巧英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象.一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义.在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手:1.根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了. (形容词)He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理. (动词)Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦.燕麦等等皆系谷类. (名词) 2.根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义.He is the last man to come .他是最后来的.He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作.He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他.This is the last place where I e_pected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你.词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一.翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,就会使译文生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至会造成误解.这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词的根本含义出发,进一步加以引伸,引伸时,往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑.1.词义转译.当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时,应根据上下文和逻辑关系,引伸转译.The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat.太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球.2.词义具体化.根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词.The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round theearth.最后一级火箭升得更高,把〝阿波罗号〞送进围绕地球运行的轨道.3.词义抽象化.根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较具体的词引伸为词义较抽象的词,或把词义较形象的词引伸为词义较一般的词.Every life has its roses and thorns .每个人的生活都有甜有苦.二.词类转译技巧在英译汉过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,就不能逐词对译,只能将词类进行转译之后,方可使译文显得通顺.自然;对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意.1.转译成动词.英语中的某些名词.介词.副词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词. The lack of any special e_cretory system is e_plained in a similar way.植物没有专门的排泄系统,可用同样的方式加以说明. (名词转译)As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on .他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子.2.转译成名词.英语中的某些动词.形容词,翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词.The earth on which we live is shaped a ball.我们居住的地球,形状像一个大球. (动词转译)The tor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded .医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员. (形容词转换)3.转译成形容词.英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词,以及某些形容词派生的名词,往往可转译成汉语中的形容词.另外,当英语动词转译成汉语名词时,原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词.It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water.使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的. (作表语的名词转译)The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man .太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响. (副词转译)4.转译成副词.英语中的某些名词.形容词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词.When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to winhim over with charm and humor .只要一发现有可能反对他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来. (名词转译)三.汉译的增词技巧英译汉时,按意义上.修辞上或句法上的需要加一些词,使译文更加忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容;但是,增加的并不是无中生有,而是要增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些词,这是英译汉中常用的的技巧之一.增词技巧一般分作两种情况.1.根据意义上或修辞上的需要,可增加下列七类词.Flowers bloom all over the yard .朵朵鲜花满院盛开. (增加表示名词复数的词)After the banquets ,the concerts and the table tennis e_hibitor ,he wenthome tiredly .在参加宴会.出席音乐会.观看乒乓球表演之后,他疲倦地回到了家里. (增加动词)He sank down with his face in his hands .他两手蒙着脸,一屁股坐了下去. (增加副词)I had known two great social systems .那是以前,他就经历过两大社会制度. (增加表达时态的词)As for me ,I didn’t agree from the very beginning .我呢,从一开始就不赞成.(增加语气助词)The article summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers,artificial satellites and rockets .本文总结了电子计算机.人造卫星和火箭这三方面的新成就. (增加概括词)2.根据句法上的需要增补一此词汇.Reading makes a full man ;conference a ready man ;writing an e_act man.读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确.(增补原文句子中所省略的动词) All bodies on the earth are known to possess weight.大家都知道地球上的一切物质都肯有重量. (增补被动句中泛指性的词)四.正反.反正汉译技巧正反.反正汉译技巧是指翻译时突破原文的形式,采用变换语气的办法处理词句,把肯定的译成否定的,把否定的译成肯定的.运用这种技巧可以使译文更加合乎汉语规范或修辞要求,且不失原意.这种技巧可分五个方面加以陈述.1.肯定译否定The above facts insist on the following conclusions .上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论.2.否定译肯定She won’t go away until you promise to help her .她要等你答应帮助以后才肯走.3.双否定译肯定There can be no sunshine without shadow有阳光就有阴影.但是,如果翻译时保留英语原来的〝否定之否定〞的形式并不影响中文的流畅时,则应保留的目的还可突出原文中婉转的语气.如He is not unequalto the duty .他并非不称职.4.正反移位I don’t think he will come .我认为他不会来了.5.译为部分否定Not all minerals come from mines .并非所有矿物都来自矿山.Both of the substances do not dissolve in water.不是两种物质都溶于水.五.汉译的重复技巧重复技巧是英译汉中的一种必不可少的翻译技巧.由于英译汉时往往需要重复原文中的某些词才能使译文表达明确具体;又由于英汉语言结构不同,重复的手段和作用也往往不尽相同,大致可分为三种.1.为了明确I had e_perienced o_ygen and /or engine trouble.我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备了故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障(重复名词)Under ordinary conditions of pressure ,water becomes ice at C and steamat100C.在常压下,水在摄氏零度时变成冰,在摄氏一百度时变成蒸汽. (重复动词)A locality has its own over-all interest ,a nation has another and theearth get another.一个地方有一个地方的全局,一个国家有一个国家的全局,一个地球有一个地球的全局(重复谓语部分)2.为了强调He wandered along the street ,thinking and thinking brooding andbrooding.他在街头游来荡去,想了又想,盘算了又盘算.3.为了生动While stars and nebulae look like specks or small patches of light . theyare really enormous bodies.星星和星云看起来只是斑点点,或者是小片的光,但它们确实是巨大的天体.六.倒译技巧英汉词句组成和排列的顺序千差万别,因此英译汉时作些调整,颠倒一下顺序,则是一种极为常见的翻译技巧,这种翻译技巧共分五种类型.1.复合句倒译技巧.复合句倒译可分为部分倒译和完全倒译两种技巧.This university 6 newly _established faculties ,namely .Electronic Computer,High Energy Physics ,Laser ,Geo-physics ,Remote Sensing, and GeneticEngineering.这所大学现在有电子计算机.高能物理.激光.地球.物理.遥感技术.遗传工程等六个新建的专业. (部分倒译)Many laws of nature actually e_ist in nature though they have not yet beendiscovered.虽然许多自然规律还没被发现,但是它们确实在自然界中存在. (完全倒译)2.被动句倒译的技巧.被动句倒译时,有时可将被动句倒译成主动句,有时可将状语倒译成主语.The structure of an atom can be accurately described though we cannot seeit.虽然我们看不见原子结构,但能准确地描述它. (被动句倒译成主动句)Table tennis is played all over China .中国到处都打乒乓球. (状语倒译成主语)3.以否定型副词或条件副词开头的句子的部分倒译技巧.能引起这种倒译的副词有no ,never ,hardly ,no longer . in noway ,not until ,not even ,only等.Never before have I read such an interesting book .我从来没有读过这样有趣的书.4.带有介词短语句子的部分倒译技巧These date will be of some value in our research work .这些资料对于我们的研究工作有些价值.5.习语的倒译技巧.习语的倒译可分为按照汉语的固定顺序倒译和从轻重上加以区分进行倒译以及逆时间顺序进行倒译三种技巧.For its last 600 miles the Yellow River flows eastwards through the flat ,fertile ,North China Plain ,which is densely populated.黄河最后的六百英里,向东流过平坦肥沃.人口密集的华北平原. (按照汉语的固定顺序倒译)Heal the wounded ,rescue the dying ,practice revolutionaryhumanitarianism.救死扶伤,实行革命的人道主义. (以轻重上区分进行倒译)We have to be quick of eye and deft of hand .我们必须眼疾手快. (逆时间顺序倒译)七.句子成份的转译技巧英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,在具体英译汉时,有时往往需要转换一下句子成分,才能使译达到逻辑正确.通顺流畅.重点突出等目的.句子成分转译作为翻译的一种技巧,其内容和形式都比较丰富,运用范围也相当广泛,共包括五个方面的内容.1.主语转译技巧,可以将句子的主语转译成汉语中的定语.宾语.状语等.The wings are responsible for keeping the sir plane in the air.机翼的用途是使飞机在空中保持不坠. (转译成定语)To get all the stages off the ground ,a first big push is needed.为了使火箭各级全部离开地面,需要有一个巨大的第一次推力. (转译成宾语) Machinery has made the products of manufactories very much cheaper thanformerly.因为机械的缘故,工厂里出的产品比起以前来,价格便宜多了. (转译成状语)2.谓语转译技巧.可以将谓语转译成定语.Radar works in very much the same way as the flashlight.雷达的工作原理和手电筒极为相同.3.宾语转译技巧.可以将宾语转译成主语.Automatic lathes perform basically similar functions but apper in avaritety of forms.各种自动车床的作用基本相同,但形式不同4.定语转译技巧.定语可以转译成谓语和状语.Neutron has a mass slightly larger than that of proton.中子的质量略大于质子的质量. (转译成谓语)Scientists in that county are now supplied with necessarybooks ,epuipmentand assistant ,that will ensure success in their scientific research.现在已给该县科学家提供了必要的图书.仪器和助手,以保证科研工作的成功. (转译成状语)5.状语转译技巧.状语转译一般指的是状语从句的转译.它可分作把时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句,把地点状语从转译成条件状语从句和把原因状语从句转译成困果偏正复句中的主语等三种形式.These three colors ,red ,green ,and violet ,when combined ,produced white.红色.绿色和紫色这三种颜色如果合在一起就变成白色. (时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句)Where there is nothing in the path of beam of light ,nothing is seen.如果光束通道上没有东西,就什么也看不到. (地点状语从句转译成条件状语从句)Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to hisopinion.他深信这件事正确可靠,因此坚持已见. (原因状语从句转译成因果偏正复合句中的主句)八.分句.合句汉译技巧英译汉时,由于两种语言的句子结构大不相同而往往需要改变一下句子结构以适应于汉语的表达习惯.采用分句.合句进行翻译的作法正是为了达到这种目的而运用的一种重要技巧.所谓分句,就是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子;所谓合名,就是指把原文的两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句.运用这种分句.合句的汉译技巧可以使译文层次分明,更合乎于汉语的表达习惯.分句流译的技巧共分五种类型,合句汉译的技巧共分三种类型.先谈谈分句汉译技巧的五种类型.1.主语分句汉译技巧.A man spending twelve days on the moon would find ,on returning to theearth ,that a year had passed by already.一个人如果在月亮上度过了十二天,回到地球以后就会发现一年已经过去了.2.谓语分句汉译技巧.It goes without saying that o_ygen is the most active element in theatmosphere.不言而喻,氧气是大气中最活泼的元素.3.定语分句汉译技巧He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to twopounds each.他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿,每个重达两磅.4.状语分句汉译技巧Sunrays filtered in wherever they could ,driving out darkness and chokingthe shadows.阳光射入了它所能透过的地方,赶走了黑暗,驱散了幽影.5.同位语分句汉译技巧.Mary normally a timid girl ,argued heated with them about it.玛丽平常是个腼腆的姑娘,现在也热烈地和他们辩论起来._年翻译资格考试三级口译模拟题1. The average age of people in the countryside is increasing, while thatof the cities is falling. More old people stay in the countryside than youngpeople and the opposite is true in the cities.译文:农村人口的平均年龄正处于上升趋势,而在城市却正好相反.原因是在农村老年人要比年轻人多,城市正好相反.解析:本句难度适中,只需要按照句子的逻辑顺序将句子信息陈列出来即可.此外,本句无明显生词.2. One important reason for the move to cities has to do with quality oflife issues: comfort and convenience. For e_ample, most of us would like ourchildren to receive the better education, and cities often offer betterschools.译文:〝进城热〞与生活水平问题息息相关.人们向往城市舒适方便的生活.就像我们大部分人都想子女能够接收到更好的教育,而城市通常就有教育质量更好的学校.解析:在做本句翻译时需要注意在前半句适当地增译一些信息,如在comfort and convenience 处需要加上move to thecities的主语〝人们〞.后半句难度不大,直译即可.3. Most burglars are opportunist, looking for an easier break-in. So don’tmake things simply for them. Don’t advertise the fact that you are out or away,or be careless about security.译文:大部分的窃贼都是投机分子,他们会寻找最方便快捷的〝翻.墙入室〞的机会.所以不要给他们可乘之机.不要嚷嚷着让别人都知道你不在家,也不要太精选大意而忽略了安全问题.解析:本句句型不复杂,需要注意几个词语的译法,如opportunist本来是〝机会主义者〞,在这里用于形容burglars身上,需要相应地翻译成贬义词〝投机分子〞;此外,don’tmake things simply for them可以用成语〝可乘之机〞概括,这些需要同学平时多做翻译练习积累,在会在临考时马上反应出来.4. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen and the University ofIceland said ash particles from the early part of the volcanic eruption areespecially abrasive, posing a possible threat to aircraft engines.译文:来自哥本哈根大学和冰岛大学的研究者们表示早些时候火山爆发遗留的火山灰摩擦度非常高.这可能对飞机的引擎产生威胁.解析:本句句型简单,但生词较多,需要考生抓注意些重点词汇理解.如:volcanic eruption 是表示〝火山爆发〞, abrasive表示〝磨损的〞.考生在遇到不会的单词时也不用过于慌张,一般句子中包含大量专业词汇句意都比较简单,可凭上下文进行推测.5. Lack of sanitation leads to wide spread of contamination of drinkingwater. Recent statistics say water-associated infectious diseases claim up to3.2million lives each year, appro_imately 6 percent all death globally.译文:不注意环境卫生会导致饮用水大规模受污染.近期的数据显示与饮用水有关的可传染性疾病每年可导致320万人失去生命,这个数字接近每年全球死亡人数的6%.解析:本句的主题是高口中常考的环境问题,全句无复杂结构,考生需要保证数字听译的准确性.本句中有出现两处数字,要求考生掌握数字速记的方法.contamination :污染infectious :传染的,有传染性的appro_imately :大约_年翻译资格考试三级口译模拟题The term 〝American dream〞 is widely used today. But what e_actly does thisconcept mean? Where does the term come from? Has the meaning of the term changedover time? Questions like these can complicate a seemingly simple term and leadus to an even more important question: is the American dream a myth or a realitytoday?The term 〝American dream〞 began to be widely used in _67. The term wasused in a famous novel written by Horatio Alger. The novel, Ragged Dick, was a〝rags to riches〞 story about a little boy who was orphaned and lived in NewYork. The boy saved all his pennies, worked very hard, and eventually becamerich. The novel sent the message to the American public that anyone couldsucceed in America if they were honest, worked hard, and showed determination tosucceed. No matter what your background, no matter where you were from, nomatter if you had no money or no family, hard work and perseverance would alwayslead to success.Today, the message from Alger’s novel is still a prevalent one in thiscountry. It is still used to define the American dream. A very basic definitionof the American dream is that it is the hope of the American people to have abetter quality of life and a higher standard of living than their parents. Thiscan mean that each generation hopes for better jobs, or more financial security,or ownership of land or a home.However, new versions and variations of the American dream have surfacedsince Alger’s novel was published. For one thing, the basic definitionI stateda moment ago —the idea that Americans are always seeking to improve theirlifestyle — also suggests that each generation wants more than the previousgeneration had. Some people would argue that this ever-increasing desire toimprove the quality of one’s life may have started out on a smaller scale in thepast, but today has led to an out-of-control consumerism and materialism. Another more benign view of the American dream is that it is about thedesire to create opportunities for ourselves, usually through hard work.Ahallmark of the American dream, some would argue, is the classic〝self-starter,〞the person who starts out with very little in life—little money, few friends,few opportunities—and works hard to make his or her way in the world. A classice_ample of this type of American dreamer would be former president AbrahamLincoln, who was born in a log cabin, was largely self-educated, and yet workedhis way up in the world to eventually become a United States president. This view of the American dream has also been associated with immigrantsand their quests for a better life in a new country. Americans have long beenfascinated by immigrant stories, and many feel great pride about their ownfamilies who may have come from other countries, worked very hard, and created abetter life for future generations.The American dream has also, historically, been associated with westwarde_pansion in this country. Throughout most of the _00s, the notion of thefrontier—a vast e_panse of largely unclaimed land in the West—symbolized newopportunities and a fresh start to people. Many a dreamer set off for the Westin search of land, jobs, gold, or other opportunities, often with ne_t tonothing in his pocket. Unfortunately, this idea of new opportunities in the Westhad a negative side.The American West was not unpopulated; Native American Indians already lived there, along with other immigrant groups, and these people were oftendisplaced — or met with violence — if they interfered with the visions or ideasof westward-migrating Americans.A more recent interpretation of the American dream has to do with equality.Civil rights activists such as Dr. Martin Luther King Junior, used some of therhetoric associated with the American dream to urge people to work for equalopportunities for all Americans, not just some Americans. A harsh reality wasbecoming clear to some people, especially in the _60s and _70s: not everyone had the same opportunities. If people were denied jobs, education, or otheropportunities because of their race, ethnic background, or gender, was the American dream only a myth?英语翻译。
1专英翻译的基本方法

Like any precision device, the monitor of methane requires careful treatment.
译:跟任何精密仪器一样,瓦斯监测仪也需要精心维护。(不 译“待遇”)
The factors which are likely to influence investment spending do not stop here.
专业文献翻译的基本方法
直译
转换
增减
直译
直译包括:一是保留原文的语法 结构,即对原语序和词序基本上不 作变动;二是保留原文词语的字面 意义。
例 Internet is of great help to our work.
例 Bridges and tunnels are great symbols of mankind’s conquest of obstruction
译:“激光”这个术语指的是利用辐射的受激发射放大光波。 (介词转译成动词)
Both of the substances are not soluble in water.
译:这两种物质都不溶于水。(形容词转译成动词)
In this case the temperature in furnace is up.
译:许多人要求建立阿拉伯共同市场。(不译“许多声音”)
词义的抽象化
翻译时把原文中词义较具体的词引申 为词义较抽象的词,或把词义较形象的词 引申为词义较一般的词。
The major contributors in component technology have been the semi-conductor components.
译:我们要完全掌握集成电路,还必须经过三个阶段。(不译”毕业于 “)
专业英语的翻译技巧

专业英语的翻译技巧
He was very active in class.(前置)他在班上很活跃。
(前置)
英语中单词作状语修饰动词时,一般放在动词之后,而在汉语里则放在动词之前。
Modern science and technology are developing rapidly.(后置)现代科学技术正在迅速发展。
(前置)
2.短语作状语
英语中短语状语可放在被修饰的动词之前或之后,译成汉语时则大多数放在被修饰的动词之前,但也有放在后面的。
Seeing this,some of us became very worried.(前置)
看到这种情况,我们有些人心里很着急。
(前置)
A jeep full sped fast,drenching me in spray.(后置)
一辆坐满人的吉普车急驶而过,溅了我一身水。
(后置)
英语中地点状语一般在时间状语之前,而汉语中时间状语则往往放在地点状语之前。
He was born in Beijing on May 20,1970.(地点在前)
他是1970年5月20日在北京出生的。
(时间在前)
英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大,而汉语中则是从大到小。
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作业: The end-products, i.e., alcohols and acids, from those reactions will enter the microorganism and be metabolized by oxidation reaction catalyzed by endoenzymes. Only through interaction between industry, scientists, and government regulators will true solutions be finally realized.
• 词序方面 定语的位置 domestic water free residual chlorine something important
生活污水 游离性余氯 重要的事情
a building project of water supply system 一个供水系统的建设项目 状语的位置 To increase precision, the machine tool must also provide rigid control of relative movement between the tool and work. 为了提高精度,机床还应严格地控制刀具与工件之间 的相对运动。
2.2.2 Contrast of Syntax (句法的对比) • 句子结构 英语简单句结构——汉语复合句结构 Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great importance. 如果从这点考虑,这个问题就十分重要。 (英语简单句——汉语偏正复合句的假设句) 英语复合句结构——汉语简单句结构 Water power stations are always built where there are very great falls. 水利发电站总是建在落差很大的地方。 (英语状语从句——汉语简单句)
Then comes the analysis (or computation) of water flow norm. 接下来进行用水定额分析(或计算)。 英语被动结构——汉语主动结构,反之亦然 Since airborne particles can be inhaled, surface predominance can result in high localized concentrations of chemical species at the point of particle deposition in the lung . 由于可以吸入空气中的颗粒,表面控制可以导致肺部颗粒 物沉积点化学物质局部浓度升高。
2.3.1 Selecting the Meaning of a Word(词义的选择) • 与词的语法特征有关 词性不同,词义有别 Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. 同性电荷相斥、异性电荷相吸。(like 是形容词) Things like air, water or metal are matter. 像空气、水和金属之类的东西都是物质。( like 是介词) 名词单复数、可数与不可数引起词义改变 As a result of those economies, many of our most important new projects in other fields became possible. 由于采取了这些节约措施,我们在其他方面的许多最重 要的新工程才得以实施。 economy 单数 经济,经济制度;复数 节约措施
• 句序 时间顺序 One must inevitably touch upon the technical aspects when discussing the wastewater treat problems, and means of tacking it. 在讨论废水处理问题和解决办法时,必须会触及与 该问题有关的技术环节。 逻辑顺序 This time no one was killed or injured in the accident, for great attention was paid to safety. 由于安全问题受到重视,这次事故中无人身伤亡。
与汉语表达有关 This kind of wood works easily. 这种木材容易加工。 Statesmen have always worked for peace. 政治家们一直在为和平努力。 2.3.2 Extending the Meaning of a Word(词义的引申) • 词义转移 At present coal is the most common food of a stream plant. 目前,煤是蒸汽动力厂的最常用的能源。 • 词义具体化 There are many things that should be considered in any engineering planning decision. 在任何工程规划的决策中,有许多因素应当考虑。
词义抽象化
We have progressed a long way from the early days of a aerial surveys. 航空测量自从出现以来,已经有了很大的进展。 In order to get a large amount of water power, we need a large pressure and a large current。 为了大量的水力,我们需要高的水压和强的水流。
2.1.2 Process of Translation(翻译的过程)
阅读理解 为了语言连贯,有时把英语中定语译为汉语的主语。 The idea of obtaining potable water from wastewater is a psychologically difficult one for many people to accept. 译为:对许多人来说,从污水中获得饮用水是一种在 心理上难以接受的观念。 • 汉语表达 There are different elements in the nature. 译一:有许多不同的元素在自然界中。 译二:在自然界中有许多种不同的元素。 译三:自然界中有许多种不同的元素。 • 检查校核
2.2 Contrast between English and of Words and Phrases(词汇的对比) • 词义方面 词汇意义一一对应(已有通用译名的专有名词和术语) wastewater engineering——排水工程 surface water —— 地表水 英语词汇意义比汉语更广 material 比汉语“材料”意义更广,还有物质、剂、用具、 内容、素材、资料等词义。 英语词汇意义不及汉语广 road 不及汉语“道路”意义广;car专指轿车,不及汉语 “汽车”意义广。
英语词汇与相应汉语词汇部分对应,意义彼此不 能完全覆盖。 state 国家; book 书; do 做 • 词的搭配 reduce water consumption 减少用水量 reduce the temperature 降低温度 reduce to power 粉碎 reduce the hydraulic retention time 缩短水力停留时间 reduce the scale of construction 缩小工程规模 例:Two or more computers can also be operated together to improve performance or system reliability. 可同时操作两台及以上的计算机,以改善其性能 或提高系统的可靠性。
Enormous stretches of arable land in the central western region are still awaiting settlement. (settlement 抽象名词) 中西部地区还有大片耕地有待于垦拓。 • 与词的搭配有关
Thermal convection will not operated in zero gravity. 热对流在没有引力的情况下是不会产生的。 Transistors operate as control devices and amplifier. 晶体管起着控制器和放大器的作用。
• Unit 2 The translation of English for Special Purpose
– – – – – – – – Introduction Contrast between English and Chinese Selecting and Extending the Meaning of a Word Method of Changing the Syntactical Functions Methods of Adding and Omitting Translation of Special Sentence Pattern Translation of Long Sentence Translation about Quantity
2.4 Method of Changing the Syntactical Functions (词性的转换互译)