2020概要写作专项练习与答案
2020年上海各区高三英语一模汇编—概要写作(含答案)(精校版)
2020年上海各区高三英语一模汇编—概要写作（含答案）（精校版）One【虹口区】The Zeigarnik EffectHave you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you’ve experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive(侵入的) thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well-being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.【答案】The Zeiguvnik Effect is that you always remember unfinished matter, which can be well used. The effect helps you overcome procrastination and have a good start. The effect is effective for students to improve recall and remember things better. It also encourage people to finish work and improve psychological well-being. It can influence us positively in all aspect.【解析】要点中需要包括：1.The Zeigarnik Effect的定义2.三个好处容易出现的问题：主旨句不清晰；语言不够精炼。
2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧十一 概要写作和概写综合训练(含答案).docx
2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧专题（十一）概要写作+概写综合训练高考英语综合写作题型除了读后续写外, 另一种便是概要写作。
概要写作也是综合写作任务的一种常见形式, 被广泛应用于教学和评估活动中。
概要写作的目的不仅是要重述原文的主旨要义, 还要在不改变原文意思的前提下变换词汇和句子结构, 也就是要使用自己的语言写概要。
一．概要写作的考纲说明和题型介绍1.了解考纲说明根据教育部考试中心的相关说明, 概要写作中, 提供给考生一篇350以内的短文, 要求其基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
2.明白试题选材的特点提供给考生阅读的短文词数在350以内；所选材料体裁虽然没有限制, 但是多以说明文、议论文为主, 偶尔也会有记叙文或夹叙夹议的阅读材料。
考试说明所给的样题是一篇科普知识类的文章, 句子结构复杂, 难度较大。
3.熟知概要写作的评分标准（一）概要写作考查要求：（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（3）上下文的连贯性；（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。
总之, 概要应具有独立性和自明性, 拥有与文章等量的主要信息, 即不阅读全文, 就能获得必要的信息；其次概要不容赘言, 故需逐字推敲；最后概要内容必须完整、一目了然。
（二）概要写作高考评分标准:注意：理解准确, 涵盖全部要求, 完全使用自己的语言, 避免抄原句, 准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇, 得分相应比较高。
相反, 如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象, 得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。
二．概要写作的能力要求和特点1.把握读后续写的能力要求和读后续写一样, 概要写作是一种读写结合任务, 也体现了读与写的融合。
但相比其它形式的读写结合任务, 概要写作更偏重对考生阅读理解和思维能力的考查, 要求考生具有分析、综合、概括和建构等高阶思维能力。
这些能力是考生进入高校继续学习的必备基础, 所以考生在平时写作训练中, 要有意识地培养这些高阶思维能力, 对概要写作有很大帮助。
2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧十一 概要写作和概写综合训练附答案
2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧专题（十一）概要写作+概写综合训练高考英语综合写作题型除了读后续写外, 另一种便是概要写作。
概要写作也是综合写作任务的一种常见形式, 被广泛应用于教学和评估活动中。
概要写作的目的不仅是要重述原文的主旨要义, 还要在不改变原文意思的前提下变换词汇和句子结构, 也就是要使用自己的语言写概要。
一．概要写作的考纲说明和题型介绍1.了解考纲说明根据教育部考试中心的相关说明, 概要写作中, 提供给考生一篇350以内的短文, 要求其基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
2.明白试题选材的特点提供给考生阅读的短文词数在350以内；所选材料体裁虽然没有限制, 但是多以说明文、议论文为主, 偶尔也会有记叙文或夹叙夹议的阅读材料。
考试说明所给的样题是一篇科普知识类的文章, 句子结构复杂, 难度较大。
3.熟知概要写作的评分标准（一）概要写作考查要求：（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（3）上下文的连贯性；（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。
总之, 概要应具有独立性和自明性, 拥有与文章等量的主要信息, 即不阅读全文, 就能获得必要的信息；其次概要不容赘言, 故需逐字推敲；最后概要内容必须完整、一目了然。
（二）概要写作高考评分标准:注意：理解准确, 涵盖全部要求, 完全使用自己的语言, 避免抄原句, 准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇, 得分相应比较高。
相反, 如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象, 得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。
二．概要写作的能力要求和特点1.把握读后续写的能力要求和读后续写一样, 概要写作是一种读写结合任务, 也体现了读与写的融合。
但相比其它形式的读写结合任务, 概要写作更偏重对考生阅读理解和思维能力的考查, 要求考生具有分析、综合、概括和建构等高阶思维能力。
这些能力是考生进入高校继续学习的必备基础, 所以考生在平时写作训练中, 要有意识地培养这些高阶思维能力, 对概要写作有很大帮助。
高中英语概要写作练习题50题含答案解析
高中英语概要写作练习题50题含答案解析1.阅读下面的记叙文文本，概括其主要内容。
A man went on a trip. He visited many places and met many people. In the end, he returned home with wonderful memories.A. A man took a trip and had great memories.B. A man went on a business trip.C. A man visited only one place.D. A man didn't like his trip.答案解析：A。
文本主要讲述了一个男人去旅行，参观了很多地方，遇到了很多人，最后带着美好的回忆回家了。
选项B 中说男人是去出差，与文本不符；选项C 说男人只参观了一个地方，与原文“visited many places”不符；选项D 说男人不喜欢他的旅行，与原文“with wonderful memories”不符。
2.阅读下面的记叙文文本，概括其主要内容。
A girl lost her dog. She looked everywhere for it. Finally, she found it in a park.A. A girl lost her cat.B. A girl found her dog in a park.C. A girl didn't look for her dog.D. A girl's dog ran away.答案解析：B。
文本讲述了一个女孩丢了她的狗，到处寻找，最后在公园找到了它。
选项A 说女孩丢了猫，与原文不符；选项C 说女孩没有寻找她的狗，与原文不符；选项D 说女孩的狗跑了，没有体现出女孩寻找狗和最后找到狗的过程。
3.阅读下面的记叙文文本，概括其主要内容。
2020上海高考英语一模概要写作指导写作汇编
上海高考英语备考训练上海高考英语题型训练 : 写作2020 高三第一学期期末质量抽查IV. Summary Writing （ 10 分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.松江It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （词汇的）differences - pavement/sidewalk,lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. That's why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this.When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots（同胞） onthe other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things whichdidn't exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up wordswhich they heard being used by other European immigrants. The word "boss ”,for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word "baas'" which means master. The word "cookie" also comes from the Dutch "koekje”.There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structures which are mistaken for Americanisms （美式英语用语） in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form ofBritish English which has disappearedin Britain. The verbs "guess ”meaning thinkand “ loan ”meaning lend and the adjective "mad" meaning angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms, yet they all appeared in British English hundreds ofyears ago. In the case of “ loan ” , it was used longas ago as 1,200 years! In fact, English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in the last 500 years that American English now represents the last place where some original British English forms can be found.参照答案： Although American English and British English are the same language, there are great differences. Two reasons account for the phenomenon. New words were created after the first English settlers in America saw new things and learned words from other Europeans. Additionally, some original expressions have been changed by British people while they are still being used by Americans.崇明Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidaysso special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is amuscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans andleaders.Emmons, through his research, found that grateful people reported feelinghealthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25percent happier than those who weren't. In the workplace, well-being is a crucial topicwhen it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyondthe research that shows that employees who arc shown that they arc appreciated arcmore productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees-being is’simpwelly theright thing to do. Providing programs that support managing life's everydaychallenges, offering fitness classes or implementing flexible work schedules are just afew things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engagedand happier working professionals.Working in an ever-evolving, fast-paced industry, I am surrounded byambitious people who are always striving for more and better. Gratitude challengesyon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts bypaying attention to what's going on in your life, and that true self-awareness is a keyingredient to being successful in your career.Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships, both at work and inyour personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing toforgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections.The old saying goes“ It’ s never too late to say you’ re sorry,” but the same of gratitude. That’ s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.参照答案： We should show gratitude year-round as it is beneficial to both ourpersonal and professional life. First, it helps our physical and mental health andmakes us happier, thus promoting production at work. Second, it makes us more self-aware, which can contribute to career success. Lastly ，it makes us more likely toforgive others and helps build strong relationships. (59 words)虹口The Zeigarnik EffectHave you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school orwork when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered whatwould happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you ’ veexperienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better thanfinished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delayingan action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However,the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just getstarted. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant.In fact, it’ s probably best if it’ s something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam.The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. Soinstead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled inwhich the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive （侵入的）thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that mustbe remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well - being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.参照答案： The Zeigarnik effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than complete ones, is useful in daily life. Firstly, it can keep people from putting off things when they start with a small step. Besides, it encourages breaks in students ’study, thus improving recall in exams. Thirdly, it promotes mental health by providing the motivation needed to finish tasks.徐汇The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area. During the last 100 years, scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity. Some studies show that one in eight plant species is threatened with extinction. It is estimated that 140,000 species of plants are lost each year.Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans. The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests. Most of this destruction is doneto create pasture ( 牧场 ) for beef cattle. Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming, which supplies beef to the rest of the world. It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced, 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed. The forests are also cut down to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption.The introduction of exotic (外来的 ) species is another threat. The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife, which could potentially lead to the extinctions of local species. When exotic species are introduced to a place, they try to establish a self-sustaining population. While the local species, which haven ’ t had a chanceoften tolackevolve, defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species.The disappearanceof certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem. It is these small creatures which convert much of the energy in an ecosystem from unusable (i.e. microscopic plants, decaying matter, etc.) into usable forms, namely their bodies. Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species. This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living, and less capable of producing resources that humans need.参照答案： Biodiversity is declining fast. One major reason is that people cut downtropical rain forests to raise cattle for beef or to grow food. Another reason is that some local species may extinct because they cannot compete with exotic species. The disappearance of certain species can do great harm to the ecosystem and environment. （54 words）VI. Guided Writing (25分)Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below m Chinese.松江你校准备为高三学生开展一次普及上海历史知识的活动，现有两个方案征求大家建议：1. 学校组织学生集体驱车前往上海市历史博物馆(Shanghai History Museum),现场参观并聆听专业解说员 (professional museum guide)介绍上海历史，合计五小时；2.学校邀 .请某著名大学历史教授到校以“上海历史 ''为主题做讲座，合计两小时。
2020年上海高考概要写作summary writing5(10篇,有解析)
Exercise 1A father’s relationship to his child’s current and future academic success and the level of his or her development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both factors with some rather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study. As a matter of fact, “life with father” has been discovered to be a very important factor in determining a child’s progress or lack of progress in school.A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study in London revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outings did better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved in those activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992，from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whose only involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by fathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major role in parental responsibility.The study also suggested that the greatest level of parenting took place in the families of only child. As the number of children and financial expenses increases, the father’s apparent interest and involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financial condition of the family，a father’s active participation in the child’s development made a definite difference in the child’s progress.The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child’s level in math and reading, a father’s employment on night shifts appeared to have little effect on the child’s academic progress. The information evaluating the level of the father’s parenting performance was taken primarily from the admittedly subjective observations of their wives.参考答案：A recent study discovered that a father^ influence played a significant role in the level of the child’s academic progress.(要点1) As is suggested, the father’s involvement with children was affected by the size of the family and its financial expenses.(要点2) So children who tended to progress academically were those only children.(要点3) Moreover, a father’s frequent overnight absence had a bad effect on the child’s progress.(要点4)分析过程：试题详解1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，共四段。
英语--概要写作技能训练(含答案)
第一节归纳主旨大意将350词以内的文本浓缩成60词左右的概要, 需要一个过程。
它大致是从文本整体的理解到各部分的概括再到整体的合成。
首先, 我们需要整体阅读文本, 归纳主旨大意。
【有缘初识】, 回答导学问题。
1. 该短文的主题是________.A. shoppingB. advertisingC. undercoverD. marketing2.在A同学的概要中, 与该主题不吻合的句子是_________________.You are in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at the sweater. You listen to the conversation.“I can't b elieve it--a Lorenzo Bertolla! They are almost impossible to find. Isn’t it beautiful? And it’s a lot cheaper than the one Sara bought in Rome.”They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater. It's nice and the price is right. You’ve never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish. They must know. So you buy it. You never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency. They are actually paid to go from store to store talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla clothes.Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating. If the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too. This is the secret of undercover(暗中影响的) marketing.Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that don’t pay attention to traditional advertising. This is particularly true of the MTV generation--consumers between the age of 18 and 34. It is a golden group. They have a lot of money to spend, but they don’t trust ads.So advertising agencies hire young actors "perform" in bars and other places where young adults go. Some people might call this Practice deceptive, but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it creative. "Look at the traditional advertising. Its effectiveness is decreasing.” However, one mig ht ask what "real " is exactly about if young women pretend to be enthusiastic about a sweater? Advertising executives would say it's no less real than an ad. The difference is that you know an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. While you don't know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance.某同学写的概要:① Some attractive women say a Lorenzo Bertolla is beautiful but cheap, and you buy it. ②Actually these stylish people are employed by advertising agencies to do undercover marketing, w hich aims at people who don’t trust ads. ③Although, in some advertising executives’ opinion, it is creative and effective, undercover marketing is blamed for the performance which you are unaware of.1. 议论和说明性文体通常围绕某个主题( topic/ subject)展开。
高考写作新题型读后续写,概要写作和应用文及答案8
2020新高考作文综合练习-----续写，概要，应用文专练八1. 阅读下面短文,根据文章的情节续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son. Suddenly a crow(乌鸦)perched(栖息)on their window.The father asked his son, “What is this?” The son replied, “It is a crow.”After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time, “What is this?” The son said, “Father, I have just now told you that it’s a crow!”After a little while, the old father again asked his son for the third time, “What is this?”At this time some expression of irritation (恼怒)was felt in the son’s tone when he said to his father with a rebuff(生硬回绝). “It’s a crow, a crow.” A little while later, the father again asked his son the fourth time, “What is this?”Th is time, the son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again, although I have told you so many times ‘IT IS A CROW’? Are you not able to understand this?”A little while later the father went to his room and came back with an old tattered(发皱的)diary, which he had maintained since his son was born.On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page.When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary:Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I did not at all feel irritated but I rather felt affection for my innocent son.注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
2020年上海高考概要写作summary writing2(10篇,有解析)
Exercise 1Water is very important for living things. Without water there can be no life on the earth. All animals and plants need water. Man also needs water. Almost everyone knows that water covers three- fourths of the earth5s surface. Most of it, however, is in the oceans and is too salty to drink. Also, some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact, less than one percent is left for the use of people, animals and plant life.All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Now fresh water is becoming scarce, but more and more is needed because of the increasing number of people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the production of things such as steel, petrol, paper, rubber and so on.Meanwhile, water problem is becoming more serious and more complex. Our increasing population tremendously increases urban wastes, primarily polluted water. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting(稀释）wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. Scientists estimate that the problem of water shortage will become severe. Thus it is apparent that effective steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem and to find new ways of saving and producing fresh water as well. Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying to keep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug, and rain water is being collected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another, they hope to provide enough water to satisfy the needs of their people.参考范文：Water is essential for all the living things on the earth.(要点1) With the worldwide increase ofpopulation，more water is needed.(要点2) Meanwhile，water sources are getting polluted by poisonous chemical wastes produced by human beings in one way or another.(要点3) Thus measures are being taken to solve this problem, hoping to find better ways to save and produce water to meet the needs.分析过程1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文分为四段。
2020届上海高三英语二模汇编：概要写作
2020届上海高三英语二模汇编：概要写作71. Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Every culture has set rules about how people should act. Patterns of good behavior, or manners, show respect and care for others. Yet the details of how to express respect vary.Greeting people cheerfully is almost always considered polite. But it's more important in some cultures than others. For example, when you enter a store in France, you should always greet the person working there. Other cultures also value greeting people. But of course the greetings vary as people speak different languages.When I was growing up in the United States, I once participated in a performance at my church. Afterward, someone gave me a compliment, but I felt like I had done a bad job. So I tried to refuse the compliment, saying, "No, I didn't do that well. " My mother got my attention and told me that was very rude. Later I learned that refusing a compliment is accepted and even approved of in China.Some of the biggest cultural differences have to do with table manners. In North America, it's polite to eat as quietly as possible. That means chewing with your mouth closed and not slurping(吃东西时发出的声音) your soup. The same goes for burping (打嗝). But in parts of Asia slurping shows that you are enjoying your meal. And burping is a sign of being full and content.There are also differences in how people eat across cultures. For example, in North America and Europe people use forks tobring food to their mouths. But in Thailand, a fork is only used to push food onto a spoon. In India and the Middle East, people eat with their hands. But eating with the left hand is forbidden. This is because the left hand is considered unclean.Yet there are also similar points across cultures. Saying "please" and "thank you," for example, is almost always polite. If you show appreciation and try to follow local customs, people will generally respond well. Showing kindness can bring people together, no matter what culture they come from.答案：71. It's about culture difference. Greeting cheerfully is polite anywhere.Refusing compliments is rude in America but acceptable in China. Making a sound while eating is impolite in North America but not in parts of Asia. For example, people eat differently with people in some areas preferring folks while some with hands. Anyway, similarities still exist like saying "please" and "thank you". (60w)The Role of Humility at WorkThere are many qualities that leaders must develop if they wish to have a meaningful impact in the workplace. But among these many important qualities, the value of humility seems to be frequently overlooked. Part of this is due to common misconceptions about what it means to be humble.Humility tends to be overlooked in the workplace because it is frequently misinterpreted as a “weak” quality. We have been led to believe that people who are humble are easily bulldozed (欺负) by others and aren’t willing to stick up for themselves. Many define humility as having a low opinion of oneself. While this may be one widely accepted view of humility today, it is actually a far cry from the true meaning of the word—and the way it should be applied in leadership. Humility isn’t aboutbeing passive and weak. It’s about showing respect to others and recognizing truth in all situations, including in the workplace.A humble professional sounds like the type of person that most of us would prefer to interact with on a daily basis. It is the type of person that can become a truly effective leader. “Humble leaders must be willing to evaluate criticism to determine if it’s valid or not,” said Christopher Ferr y, founder of Boca Recovery Center. “The best leaders are willing to admit when they are wrong and view mistakes as learning opportunities so they can turn them into something transformative. In all my work developing the leadership skills of managers, if I could give them any quality with a magic stick, it would be humility.”Though humility is often underrated by world at large, it’s essential if you want to be successful as a leader, not just at work but in life. Reject your idea to boast or lift yourself above anyone and decide to be at the service of others.答案：Humility plays a vital role at work. Though often neglected and mistaken as a symbol of weakness, humility is actually about respecting truth and others. Humility is crucial in leadership because humble leaders have a positive attitude to criticism and mistakes and can turn these into improvements. Therefore, try to be humble both at work and in life. (58 words) It’s natural to feel the need to contr ol something when everything around you feels out of control, and you feel helpless. When a friend of mine first heard about the coronavirus outbreak, she got down on her hands and knees and cleaned her kitchen floor. She told me,“My floor wasn’t even dirty, but doing something constructive made me feel in control and that I was holding on to my power, despite the desperate circums tances.”Your most powerful weapon against uncertainty is yourperspective because nobody and no situation can take that from you unless you give it away. Your perspective can victimize or empower you. When you look for the upside in a downside situation a nd figure out what you can control and what you can't, it’s easier to accept whatever is beyond your control.Small gestures during hard times gentle worry and concern. Often during emergencies and crises, people start performing acts of kindness at random. Helping others through a crisis by performing good deeds can make you feel in control. The obvious benefit when you reach out to help someone else is that you get a break from your own worries for a while. Contributing, giving, volunteering, donating and performing kind acts, no matter how small or brief, connect you to other people (and animals) in a deeply meaningful, humane way. So practice doing small gestures for others and yourself.Positive action is supposed to be taken to ensure you a sense of control. Make “cans”out of “cannots”and focus on what you can control. T ake advantage of this restrictive time to clear clutter out of your basement, pull weeds in the garden, organize drawers, closets, and bookshelves, or get caught up on fun hobbies you've neglected for a while. Focus on a thought, person, pet, or object that stir hope and positivity within you. Hope always exists alongside of despair.答案：For reference:Strengthening or retrieving a sense of control is a natural demand. First, good perspective is of the greatest help, for evaluating the situation properly brings a clearer picture. Second, kind behaviors during tough times can secure you a sense of control as well. Third, actions and thoughts of positivity also help as they may create hope and optimism.It’s essential to feel you can control something in a crisis or emergency. Positive perspective is the most important, since it will ensure you confidence and power to pull through the difficult situation. Then doing small good deeds can free you from worry temporarily by helping others. Lastly, take some positive action to arouse the hope within you.04.虹口区Coco-Cola’s Innovative Solution to Plastic Pollut ionPlastic pollution has become one of the most pressing problems of the 21st Century with plastic waste almost everywhere. It is estimated that just in 2016, the world produced over 320 million tons of plastic, and this number is set to double by 2034.Plastic waste even makes its way into our oceans with 8 million pieces of plastic pollution per day polluting our waters and destroying the habitat for hundreds of species. It is now believed that there may be around 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic in the ocean weighing in total up to 269,000 tons.It’s been crystal clear for a long time that the situation is horrible and something needs to be done, and fast. Luckily, Coca-Cola stepped up to the challenge and came up with one innovative and rather effective solution. The firm is replacing its plastic wrapping in Europe with a new paper board technology.This new tech is called the KeelClip and it is a first for the non-alcohol ready-to-drink (NARTD) industry. Using KeelClips, Coca-Cola aims to remove all plastic wrap from its can multipacks in all European Union markets by the end of 2021. The firm is optimistic that the move will save 2,000 tons of plastic and 3,000 tons of CO2 annually.“Innovation is a key principle of our sustainable packagingwork and the application of this fully recyclable paperboard KeelClip?, which is composed of a top board that the cans clip into and a central cardboard ‘keel’ -- similar to a ship’s keel -- that stabilizes the pack, is another example of how we are delivering on our commitment to remove all unnecessary and hard to recycle single-use plastic from our products. We hope this eco-friendly initiative is a conscious approach to dealing with plastic poll ution,” said Joe Franses, Vice President, Sustainability at Coca-Cola European Partners.答案：With plastic wastes invading the ocean and threatening marine lives, plastic pollution is among the most serious problems on the earth. T o deal with the situation, Coca-Cola thinks of a creative solution called KeelClip, which substitutes paper board for plastic wrapping, thus saving lots of plastic and CO2 annually. The case shows innovation behind Coca-Cola’s commitment to sustainable eco-friendly packaging. (60 words) Main points:1.Plastic pollution is globally urgent.2.Plastic pollution has invaded into oceans.3.Coca-Cola replaces plastic wrapping with a paper board technology.4.The KeelClip will save plastic and CO2.The move shows Coca-Cola’s innovation an d commitment to sustainable eco-friendly packaging.Does your memory fail as you age?I’m 62 years old. Like many of my friends, I forget names that I used to be able to recall effortlessly. When packing my suitcase for a trip, I walk to the bedroom and by the time I get there, I don’t remember what I came for. And yet my long-termmemories are perfect. I remember the names of my third-grade classmates, the first record album I bought, my wedding day.This is widely understood to be a classic problem of aging. But the problem is not necessarily age-related. I’ve been teaching undergraduates for my entire career and I can prove that even 20-year-olds make short-term memory errors —loads of them. They walk into the wrong classroom; they show up to exams without the required No. 2 pencil; they forget something I just said two minutes before. These are similar to the kinds of things 70-year-olds do.The relevant difference is not age but rather how we describe these events, the stories we tell ourselves about them. Twenty-year-olds don’t think, “Oh dear, this must be early-onset Alzheimer’s（早老性痴呆症）.” They think, “I really need to get more than four hours of sleep.” The 70-year-olds observe these same events and worry about their brain health. This is to say that every error of short-term memory doesn’t necessarily indicate a biological disorder.So how do we account for our subjective experience that older adults seem to search for words and names with difficulty? First, there is a generalized cognitive（认知的）slowing with age —but given a little more time, older adults perform just fine. Second, older adults have to search through more memories than younger adults to find the fact or piece of information they’re looking for. Your brain becomes crowded with memories and information. It’s not that you can’t remember — you can —it’s just that there is so much m ore information to sort through.答案：The author thinks that short-term memory failure, which both old and young suffer from, isn’t necessarily age-related, though different age groups find different reasons for it. The old seem to have a poorer short-term memory because of natural cognitive slowing and too much information to search for.(47 words)High level of deforestation continuesWe are all aware of the threats our planet is facing. Experts agree that it’s mainly us humans who are responsible for the destruction of the environment. One of the most destructive activities we are carrying out is cutting down forests—deforestation. This is done for many reasons, such as providing wood for fuel, making land available for housing or for creating space for more cattle to graze (吃草) on. This has been most noticeable in Brazil, which is home to the world’s largest rainforest. Deforestation there has hit its highest rate in a decade, according to official data. Over the course of a year, an area about five times the size of London has been destroyed.The amount of deforestation in the Amazon and in other tropical (热带的) regions has actually seen a decline but the figures are still large. Global Forest Watch say that in 2018, an area equivalent to 30 football fields were cut down every minute. Frances Seymour from the World Resources Institut e says that “If you look back over the last 18 years, it is clear that the overall trend is still upwards. We are nowhere near winning this battle.”What’s special about places l ike the Amazon is that they are primary forests which exist in their original condition with some species of trees dating back thousands of years. This habitat is home to unique and rare animals and is critical for sustaining biodiversity (生物多样性). The BBC’s environment correspondent, Matt McGrath, says “These old forests really matt er as stores of carbon dioxide, which is why the loss of 3.6 million hectares in2018 is concerning.”Brazil has taken some steps to try and decrease deforestation by introducing government policies including fines for breaking land use regulations and illegal logging. And International campaigns to stop the trade of soy and beef farmed on deforested parts of the Amazon have also had a significant impact.答案：1. The most serious environmental destruction from humans is deforestation, which is most severe in Brazil.2. Although declining in tropical regions, the figures of deforestation are still large and the trend is continuing.3. Primary forests are important because of biodiversity and carbon dioxide storage.4. Brazil has taken measures to decrease deforestation and international campaigns have also joined in the effort.The most serious environmental destruction from humans is deforestation, which is most severe in Brazil. Although declining in tropical regions, the figures of deforestation are still large and the trend is continuing. Primary forests are important because of biodiversity and carbon dioxide storage. Brazil has taken measures to decrease deforestation and international campaigns have also joined in the effort.Herbal MedicineHerbal medicine, which has been used for medicinal purposes, is the use of plants to treat diseases. Many herbalists use the entire plant, from the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots, in the form of everything from teas to pills. These plants contain natural, chemical things that can treat the body for a variety of diseases，such as allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis,migraine, chronic fatigue, and cancer, among others.Nowadays an increasing number of people prefer to adopt these plants to treat their diseases because, compared with chemical medicine, herbal medicine has its own advantages. Herbal medicine and remedies are more effective than chemical medicine for certain diseases. The chemical medicine given by a chemist could have certain negative side effects. However, many of the herbal medicine and remedies do not have negative side effects. If any, they are softer than chemical medicine. Obesity is the cause of many of the health problems. Herbal medicine can help weight loss more effectively and improve overall health.However, the cure using herbal medicine and supplements would take some time, and therefore people are supposed to possess enough patience. Worse still, herbal medicine contains a variety of ingredients and people have to be sure that their body agrees with the ingredients and that it is not allergic (过敏).A point worth mentioning here is that herbal remedies and medicine for certain illnesses may have negative side effects. These side effects may not be shown at once, but would take months or even years. In the early stages, if the herbal medicine is not agreeing with you, it is wise to stop using it.When used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases. But keep in mind that the herbal medicine industry is not regulated, so herbal products are often misleading and may contain additives that are not listed on the label. Some herbs may cause allergic reactions or interact with other drugs, and some are poisonous if used improperly or at high doses. Taking herbs on your own increases your risk.答案：Herbal medicine, abstracted from entire plants in various forms, is a way to treat some disease. It has moreadvantages over chemical medicine owing to its better effectiveness and milder side effects. However, herbal medicine also has disadvantages like time-consuming recovery, possible allergy. Therefore, it is advisable for us to use herbs cautiously in case of potentially risky consequences. （59 words）08.闵行区Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school student in Los Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e-cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six and twelve months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigaretts or any other forms of tobacco products.During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e-cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products,compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.“While teen tobacco use has fall en in recent years, this study confirms that we should continue to closely watch teen smoking patterns,” said NIDA Director Nora D. V olkow, M.D. “Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regul ar cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addi ction.”“Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph. D., the first author on the study. “While we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking-related illness.”答案：A new study showed early exposure to e-cigarettes may cause teens’ tobacco smoking. Comparing the start of tobacco use between students with e-cigarettes experiences and nonusers, the survey reveals a significant increase of smoking tendency in the former. With the popularity of e-cigarettes, it’s worth considering its harmful effects and paying attention to teens’ smoking patterns.Britain’s Buses are Getting EmptierIn Britain, buses account for more public - transport trips than trains, tubes and trams put together. People love them, in theory: one poll by Transport Focus, a consumer group, found that 74% of young people think they are a good way of getting around and 85% believe it is important for a place to have a good bus service. There is just one problem. In practice, Britions are taking buses less and less.Why are London buses emptier? One thing that has changed is young people’s behavior. The young are heavy bus users when they travel. But, increasingly, they do not travel. Accordingto Transport for London, the average 17 - to 24-year-old took 2.3 transport trips per day in the year 2011- 12 but only 1.7 in 2018 - 19. The National Travel Survey confirms that no group has cut back harder on travel since the early 2000s than teenagers. Young people are more diligent these days, and stay in school for longer. They can do the things that young people love to do on their phones, without going out.The other big bus users are the poor and the old, especially outside London, but both are turning away from buses to cars. Lower lending standards have made cars easier to acquire; a fuel-tax freeze and fuel-saving engines make them cheaper to run. Cars are ever more comfortable and easier to operate, with parking-assist technology and lane-drifting alerts to help starters. Outside London, the average free bus pass was used 90 times in the year 2010-11 but only 74 times in 2018-19, according to the Department for Transport.Finally there is the gig economy (零工经济). Online shopping and Uber probably substitute of bus trips as well as private car journeys. And they put new vehicles on the roads, which slows everything down. The number of light-goods vehicles in London has risen by 28% since 2012. Tony Travers of the London School of Economics points out that bus speeds have fallen slightly in the capital, even though private cars have almost been cleared up from the city center. The average London bus now travels at 9.3 miles per hour. Just as people become less inclined to run after buses, they are becoming easier to catch.答案：无How Do Our Phones Affect Our Parenting?As a pediatrician (儿科医生), I have researched how mobile phone use affects family dynamics. The parent-child relationshipis central to children’s social and emoti onal health and life success — yet I also see how more and more family interactions interrupted by mobile devices … including my own.My interest in the topic began in 2010. I worked for a year as a pediatrician in the suburbs outside of Seattle. Many of the parents bringing in their sick kids worked at tech companies and were early adopters of mobile devices. During my training, I had gotten used to children playing with handheld gaming devices, but this was different: parents texted during health-related conversations (were they really processing what I was saying?); looked up medical information online to check my accuracy (was this a sign of parent anxiety?); and used videos to stop children from crying (this was pretty helpful during ear exams, but is it OK other times, I wondered?).I was fascinated by the cultural change America was experiencing with the rapid adoption of mobile devices. But asa pediatrician, I had no idea what to do about it. So when I moved to Boston for training in Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, I decided to explore the topic in more depth.I started my research by observing families in fast food restaurants —and the results were pretty eye-opening: when parents’ attention was highly absorbed in their smartphones, parents talked less to children; responded slower (or not at all) to child bids for attention; and sometimes overreacted to child behavior.Our more recent studies show that in the long-run, parent technology use during parent-child activities leads to more difficult child behavior —wh ich in turn leads to more parent technology usage. It’s a vicious cycle: when kids stress us out, we often go to our phones for escape or to avoid interaction, andthis interrupts time with kids or makes them annoyed, and they might react with difficult behavior, and so on.As a working mom of two young boys, I knew how this child-phone multitasking felt to me, but I wanted to hear what others thought. So I interviewed 35 parents from diverse backgrounds in Boston to understand their experiences. They told me they have never felt their brains split in so many directions —like all the matters of the world could intrude upon home time and “land in their lap”. They expressed both relief and despair when their phones were broken or lost, because while this made it easier to “single-task” on their kids again, they also felt cut off from friends and information.答案：My experience as a pediatrician aroused my interest in the effects of smart-phones on parenting. My further research and interviews reveal it is difficult to balance both children and phones. Parents may overlook their children when focusing on their phones and cause their children’s difficult behavior while they may feel isolated when looking after their children without phones. (58 words)Now, it may seem strange to learn from someone who writes about pretty dresses every day, but: you don’t have to be pretty and you don’t have to spare no effort to be pretty just to please others. You don’t have to feel bothered for your plain looki ng that makes you unnoticed. After all, every one of us, whether charming or not, is a drop in the ocean and you don’t owe prettiness to anyone.Admittedly, I’m not saying that you shouldn’t be pretty if you want to. Being pretty is pleasant, fun, refreshing and satisfying, making people feel delighted and smile at you unconsciously. But in terms of importance, prettiness standsseveral steps down from happiness, is way below health, and if done as an obligation, can be far away from independence.But what does you-don’t-have-to-be-pretty mean in everyday terms? It means you don’t have to blame your parents for not giving you the world-desired appearance and that you don’t have to apologize for wearing things that are held to be “unflattering” or “unfashionable”— especially if, in fact, they make you happy on some level deeper than just being pretty does. As long as you are clean, covered enough, and have bandaged any open wounds, you can wear any color or style you please, holding your heads high, if it makes you happy.Prettiness, it’s sad to say, can have a shelf life. It’s so tied up with youth that, at some point (if you’re lucky), you’re going to have to graduate from prettiness, sometimes before you know it. But you won’t even get there if you think you have to follow all the signs that say “this way to prettiness”. You get there by travelling the route you find most interesting.答案：You needn’t be obsessed with prettiness. Being pretty is inferior to being happy, healthy and independent. In d aily life, don’t feel sorry for not having pretty appearance or wearing pretty things. You can choose what you like as long as they keep you clean and decent. Prettiness has a lifespan and being yourself is the surest way to it.Teaching Children about ForgivenessIf you’ve seen your children struggle to forgive someone for hurting them, you know that forgiveness is complicated. After all, forgiveness is complicated for adults, too. At times, we wonder why we’re trying to forgive someone anyway; lat er, we might think we’ve forgiven them, only to experience a sudden burst of anger. Indeed, it takes many years for us to grasp themeaning of forgiveness as we grow up.It’s understandable that children may feel hurt or angry when a friend does something less-than-kind to them. Maybe the friend said something unkind or broke something precious, embarrassed them, excluded them, or told their secrets. Children may be tempted to get even with a friend who’s done them wrong, by doing something worse or telling everyone how terrible the friend is, but trying to get revenge only escalates (升级) the conflict.Parents can play an important role in teaching children about forgiveness. Children watch how important adults in their lives respond when someone does something unkind. Do they complain to others or speak directly to the person involved? How long does it take them to get over being mad or hurt? How do they get over it?Parents can teach their children about the value of forgiveness by regularly practicing it in their own lives.Sometimes parents can talk with their children about forgiveness, based on where kids are in their cognitive (认知的) and emotional development. For example, children need to understand that no one is perfect, so generously forgiving a well-meaning friend is a caring thing to do. If parents can help children see things a little more from other people’s perspective, this will make forgiveness easier. These conversations can change the way children think about forgiveness and help them emotionally recover when they inevitably experience harm and unfair treatment from others in life.答案：Forgiveness is complicated and chil dren’s understanding of forgiving develops as they grow older. Children may feel angry and want to revenge when they feel hurt or wronged. Parents need to be good role models themselves and。
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概要写作专项练习（一）1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
While many of us go to sleep before midnight, some teenagers choose to stay up much later. They are not driven by the burning desire to write a better essay or achieve a higher grade. Instead, they are busy playing online games. Known as young Internet addicts, they have long been a problem in China. A report released in 2016 by the China Youth Association for Network Development showed that there were over 24 million young Internet addicts among China’s youn g urban Internet users. The report also said that over 18 million youths had a tendency to develop Internet addiction.To deal with the problem of Internet addiction among teenagers, the Cyberspace Administration of China has released draft regulations which carried out a ban on online gaming. If the regulations are adopted，under-18s would be banned from playing online games between midnight and 8 am.As soon as the government’s draft law surfaced, it drew great attention from the public. Some applauded the law as a way to better protect minors (未成年人)，saying that too much overnight gaming is harmful to minors’health and believing the period between midnight and 8 am to be vital to human physical functions. However, others wondered whether it would be practical if it came into effect, as minors could just borrow their parents’IDs to register accounts to play online games. The Guangming Daily suggested that parents should help their teenagers find a balance between the cyber world and the real world. China is by no means the only one trying to fight against teenager gaming addiction. Germany introduced a regulation in 2002 in an attempt to stop minors from playing online games from 10 pm to 6 am. Meanwhile，the UK，the US and Australia have forced a rating system on computer games to make sure that teenagers cannot access “adult” content such as violence，sex or bad language.【答案】Many teenagers in China have become addicted to overnight online games. Thus，the government released a draft law to solve the long-lasting issue. Some people welcomed the law because it is beneficial to the teenagers’ health，while others doubted whether it would beeffective. Actually, many other countries have also been making laws against the youth online addiction.2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A group of scientists led by Song Mingyang at the Massachusetts General Hospital analyzed data from two major studies involving more than 150,000 participants to determine whether people who consumed protein(蛋白质) from red and processed meats had a significantly higher death rate than those who got their protein from plants. The analysis of the 32year Nurses’ Health Study, followed by the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study at Harvard University，didn’t just look at the diets of the pa rticipants over a year. It stared repeatedly—specifically how often they consumed portions of particular types of food during the previous years—every four years.Song’s team found that a 10 percent increase generally in proteins from animals result ed in a 2 percent increase in death，and an 8 percent rise in death risk from heart disease. But a 3 percent increase in protein from plants led to a 10 percent decrease in death and a 12 percent drop in risk of death from cardiovascular-related (心血管相关的) death.“The findings are clear,” said Song.“A research fellow at the hospital’s Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit concluded that plant-based proteins from sources such as beans，nuts，quinoa and seeds are a healthier choice than steaks or beef products such as hot dogs. I wouldn’t suggest that everyone switch to people not eating any animal products. That’s because certain meats—chicken and fish，for example—also result in a much lower death risk overall and from heart disease.”“But the tradi tional American diet，popular with animal products such as burgers，meatballs，meatloaf，steaks，eggs and dairy，is associated with a variety of bad outcomes, ” Song said. In some cases, it’s not just that meat is bad and plants are good. Processed meats are filled with potentially unhealthy additives (添加剂)．Song said he set about the study because while others have suggested healthy benefits from a plant-based diet, none looked at the source of protein. “We were able to link information over the years. The data from the two large, long-term studies provided a unique opportunity to look at long-term health outcomes, ” he said.【答案】Some researchers surveyed many people for years to find whether protein from meat or plants brings a higher death rate to human. Researchers have found that protein from plants works better at reducing death rate. But a balanced amount of meat is also good at reducing death rate. Song’s study has stated the source of proteins and figured out the benefits of animal products.3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。