考研翻译(英语二)课件
考研英语翻译课件.ppt
►special – define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格 拉底）way about moral problems.
►1996-2 This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government want to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
►reporter
►have a good command of a language or a skill
►optimistic – pessimistic
►1996-5 New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have arisen in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
►1994-4 Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.
英语口译(二级)课件
英语口译（二级）精讲班第1讲讲义001 二级口译实务考试介绍Lecture 11、二级口译实务考试介绍英语口译二级考试分《口译综合能力》和《口译实务》测试两部分，旨在检测应试者的口译实践能力是否达到专业译员水平。
合格的应试者应能熟练运用口译技巧，完整准确地译出原话内容，无错译漏译。
英语口译实务（二级）考试含“英汉交替传译”和“汉英交替传译”。
题量各占50%，含总量约1000单词的英语讲话两篇和总量约1000汉字的汉语讲话两篇，时间约60分钟。
考试内容涉及政治、经济、文化、外交、旅游、信息科技、经融贸易、环境保护、卫生健康等，跟翻译专业所要求掌握的知识和技能相一致，要求应试者知识结构分布合理，专业技能达到一定的水平。
英语口译实务考试一律采取现场录音的方式，考试结果记录在磁带上。
考试的评分标准非常细化，一个考生的磁带要有两个以上的人去听，并且听出来的结果基本一致，最后再由专家组根据考生录音核定成绩。
应该说英语口译实务（二级）考试具有一定的挑战性，要求应试者过语言关、知识关和技术关，同时还要有稳定的心理因素。
按照翻译专业人员的四个等级来划分，即：助理翻译、翻译、副译审和译审，二级就是翻译级，也就是我们所说的中级职称。
因此，二级口译试题的定位基本上是针对大学外语专业比较优秀的毕业生，经过几年的翻译实践应能达到的水平。
二级口译考试模块的设计也是基于这一理念，即要求应试者具备比较全面的知识结构和良好的双语互译能力。
具体说来，应试者应具备良好的语言知识（Linguistic Knowledge）、语言外的知识（Extra-Linguistic Knowledge）以及分析能力（Analysis）。
同时应试者还应具备敏锐的听力、良好的短时记忆、行之有效的笔记、以及准确灵活的双语表达等口译所必须的基本能力。
2、口译学习讲解技巧和语言基本功相结合。
课程讲解同时关注这两点。
3、口译技巧介绍口译技巧( Interpretation Techniques) 根据口译步骤（信息接收—信息储存—信息处理—信息输出）为基础，总结出以下技巧：(2)思维理解1—逻辑分析；(3)思维理解2—信息视觉；(4)思维理解3 —将认知信息纳入理解轨道(5)记忆机制1—瞬时记忆、短时记忆、长时记忆；(6)记忆机制2－记忆训练方法；(7)笔记方法1—记什么?(8)笔记方法2—怎么记?(9)数字口译1—单纯数字口译(10)数字口译2—数字与信息相结合(11)习语的口译；(12)模糊信息处理技巧；(13) 口译中的文化差异；(14) 口译中的句法转换；(15) 语境因素处理技巧；(16) 临场应变技巧。
考研英语二翻译课件
考研英语二翻译课件Passage 11生词Investment投资Investor投资者Be incapable of doing sth 不能够做某事、无法做某事Currency 货币Slow 下滑---rise增长Weight 高点the Federal Reserve 美联储jointly intervene to do sth 联手干预某事prop up支持the European currency= the euro欧元looking sickly 显得疲软theories 说法the European Central Bank= the ECB欧洲中央银行the euro-area economies欧元区经济are immune to sth对..免疫fighting inflation克服通货膨胀supporting growth支持经济增长plausible explanation合理的解释in and uncertain global economic climate在全球经济不稳定的情况下has resumed its traditional role as a safe-heaven currency重新获得了安全货币的传统角色reckon that认为is undervalued被低估a rebound 反弹optimistic乐观的predicting a rate预测汇率二、长难句解析1. International investors seem incapable of ending their love affair with the dollar.国际投资者们似乎无法舍弃他们对美元的偏爱。
2.America’s economy has slowed sharply this year, yet its currencyhas risen to a 15-year high in trade-weighted terms.本年度，美国的经济已急剧下滑，然而，美元却增长到了15年来的高点。
考研英语(二)强化班-翻译(钟平)课件
Although not so world widely accepted, people who are emotionally weak in daily business are often losers who are not able to fulfill any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure.Science developed as an autonomous method of intellectual inquiry that successfully disengaged itself from the social constrains of organized religion and from the political constrains of the centralized modern authority.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.Private businessmen. striving to make profits, produce these goods andservices in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Under a system deployed on the white house website for the first time at last time, those who want to send a message to President Bush must now navigate as many as nine web pages and fill out a detailed form that starts by asking whether the sender of the message supports the white house policy or differs with it.These comments, whether accepted, clarified the norms and requirements of the covenant which was already in power in practice and enabled the committee to make a significant contribution to the justice promotion in a particular right or issue, while other article has failed to function as has been expected in those meetings which was held with great hope.The American economic system is organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind and it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.In short，a leader of the new school contends，the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Under modern conditions，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with across-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought，Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a societyWhorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a societyI shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems .Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ; but this effect is not a part of its original motive。
考研英语二翻译课件4
Passage7生词boundary界限reasoning ability推理能力superior有优势的，超过的first-class mind一流的头脑straight-forward reasoning直接简单的推理doesn’t always work是行不通的productive thoughts富有成效的思想the rules of logic逻辑规律a wealth of experience and background information丰富的经验和背景知识generalize and interpret概括、解释genius天才lay foundation for a creative mind给一个有创造性的头脑打下基础plus并且，加上，还要长难句解析1.doesn’t always work Where is the boundary between human mindand machine?人的头脑和机器之间的界限究竟在哪里呢？2.If the test were reasoning ability, the computer would be oursuperior.要是把推理能力作为检验标准的话，计算机是胜过我们的。
3.But logic alone doesn’t make a first-class mind.但是只凭逻辑还不能成为一流的头脑。
4.In our complicated world straight-forward reasoning doesn’talways work.在我们这个复杂的世界里，直接简单的推理往往是行不通的。
5.As is known to all, productive thoughts requires not just the rulesof logic but a wealth of experience and background information, plus the ability to generalize and interpret new experiences using that information.众所周知，富有成效的思想不仅要求有逻辑规律，还要求有丰富的经验和背景知识，并有利用这些知识来概括、解释新的经验的能力。
考研英语翻译技巧PPT课件
• 第三种，词不认识。。。
– 填词造句（根据中文搭配）
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account
There were several different accounts of the story in the newspaper.
She has a balance of five thousand dollars in her bank account.
4
第一部分 考研英语翻译概况
• 分值：共10分，每题2分
• 评分标准：
– 如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最 多不超过0.5分。
– 如果提供两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确， 给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法给 分
– 中文错别字不可别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在
不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，
7
• 1997动物的权力
• 1998宇宙的起源
• 1999史学研究的方法326
• 2000科学家与政府381
• 2001计算机与未来发展的困难339
• 2003人类学的简介371
• 2004语言与思维357
• 2005大众传媒
• 2006 美国的知识分子
• 2007法律与新
• 2008 达尔文自传
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2、 要重点复习考研阅读和翻译中 出现的熟词僻意。
• 考研翻译的单词，表面上看，相当于阅读 来说，明显简单一些。然而，这些常见的、 看到直接能反应出它们意思的单词，考察 的却不是它的本意。考研翻译中存在许多 熟词僻意，这些词义必须准确无误地翻译 出来，否则一个单词就要扣掉0.5分。而每 道题2分，一个意群也只不过是0.5分，这样 因为一个单词毁掉一个意群，非常不值。
考研英语翻译(第二讲)PPT课件
Addition and subtraction of vocabulary and
Translation
Translation Definition and Importance
Translation definition
To accurately and fluently express the content expressed in one language in another language.
Importance
Translation is a bridge of language communication that helps promote communication and understanding between different cultures and ethnic
groups.
conversion, sentence structure
deletions are made to the original
conversion, etc., to make the
text as needed to make the
translation more authentic and
translation more in line with the
natural through conversion.
expression habits of the target
考研英语翻译PPT课件
题型特点
➢ 1、文章题材：偏文倾向 03：人类学；04：语言与思维的关系； 05：大众传媒；06年：美国的知识分子； 07：法律的学习；08：达尔文的思维表达； 09：教育学；10：自然与经济的关系； 11：书评；12：对普遍真理的追求
题型特点
➢ 2、语法结构：关系复杂 非谓语动词（形容词短语） 逻辑关系 指代：代词it, they, that, this, one 从句：
妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、堂客、 内人……
wife：
总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、会长、社 长、校长……
president:
3）一词多义。这种情况在英汉翻译中最为普 遍，也即是同一个词语有若干词义不同的对应 词，如：
cousin:Байду номын сангаас
堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、 表妹、卿…...
II. 遣词用字 恰如其分
1．英汉词字对应关系 2．词义辨析
1．英汉词字对应关系
1）词字对等。这种情况多见于专有名词， 技术词汇等，如:
Marxism = 马克思主义 Aspirin ＝ 阿斯匹林 激光 = laser 白血病 = leukemia
2）多词同义。这种情况在英汉翻译中较为普 遍，也即是同一个词语有若干词义完全一样， 但色彩意义不同的对应词，如：
(1) He [father] sent John to the university and was eager to have him distinguish himself.
他送约翰上大学，巴望能让儿子出类拔萃。
(2) Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that.
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(2)语法结构：划分成分：主谓宾，定状补 (3)语言表达 a.通顺无语病 b.无扭曲原文 He is a birdman. Check out that hot chick. She is no more a spring chicken. He is the last man that I want to see.
英译汉难点 (1)词汇 a.绝对生词：millennium; anthropology; astrophysics b.相对生词：set; beef; duck; cause; school; moonlight c.专业术语：black hole; mad cow disease; swine flu
第二种方法：融合
a unique and distinctly important social science 一门独特且极其/非常重要的社会科学 第三种方法：省译
a unique and distinctly important social science 一门独特且重要的社会科学
(二)句法翻译 1.定语的翻译 什么是定语？ 修饰名词的成分叫做定语。 定语的翻译方法：译成“...的+名词”（“的”经常省略）
2.多义词的翻译 —— 根据中文搭配习惯翻译 delicate a.纤弱的；细致的；精美的；微妙的；可口的 delicate girl 柔弱的女子
delicate skin 娇嫩/细腻的皮肤 delicate relationship 微妙的关系
aggressive a.侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的；有闯劲的 aggressive diplomatic policy 侵略性的外交政策
例2：2013年真题 I can pick a date from the past 53 years // and know instantly where I was, // what happened in the news // and even the day of the week.
五.翻译技巧 (一)词法翻译 1.专有名词的翻译 第一种方法：音译 (1)人名：John —— 约翰 Nancy —— 南希
3.一般错别字不扣分，严重错别字三个则该意群不得分 一般错别字：作为 —— 做为 严重错别字：由于 —— 鱿鱼
鉴于 —— 箭鱼 昌盛 —— 娼盛
三.解题步骤 1.拆分：划分意群，逐个翻译 2.组合：组合成句，注意位置
例1：2014翻译真题 Most people would define optimism // as being endlessly happy, // with a glass that’s perpetually half full.
c.符合表达习惯 My mother always plans ahead. Work hard and make progress everyday. A leopard will not easily change its spots. Time has proved that his theory can not hold water.
aggressive young man 有闯劲的年轻人
aggressive salesman 殷勤的推销员
3.生词的翻译 第一种方法：猜测 duty and entitlement 权利与义务 Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full.
二.评分标准 1.每句三到四个意群，每个意群0.5分 2.每个意群有一个严重错误，则该意群不得分 何为严重错误？
(1)误译 blue movie 色情电影
talk horse 吹牛 = talk big; boast; brag Cast pearls before pigs. 对牛弹琴
(2)漏译 the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect 误：与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽略儿童 正：与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽略儿童事件 (3)过译 Everybody rises. If you have something to say, then say; if not, then go.
(1)前置定语的翻译 前置定语的形式：adj. + n. an available boy 一个单身男孩 (2)后置定语的翻译 a.名词 + 形容词 the only man alive 唯一幸存的人
四.意群划分 1.连词 (1)并列句连词：and, but, yet ... (2)状语从句连词：before, after, although ... 2.关系词 (1)关系代词：which, that, as ... (2)关系副词：when, where, why ...
3.介词：in, on, at, from, to, of, with ... 4.分词：v-ing; v-ed 5.不定式 6.标点符号
LOGO
考研翻译(英语二)
文都教育 李群
一.翻译简介 数据：7-8 15 20-25 形式：英译汉 Q1: 英语一和英语二的区别？ Q2: 为什么不考汉译英？
汉译英的难点 —— 词汇 四六级汉译英：瑰宝、皓月、辟邪 瑰宝：treasure 皓月：bright moon 辟邪：avoid evil spirits
(2)名人 Plato —— 柏拉图 Socrates —— 苏格拉底 Aristotle —— 亚里士多德 Shakespeare —— 莎士比亚 Bacon —— 培根 Darwin —— 达尔文 Darwinism —— 达尔文主义；达尔文学说
第二种方法：照抄 例3：2014年真题 “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.