英国经济 英文版
英国经济-英语国家概况
• Today the British government buoyed by its successes, continues to see privatization as a potentially gainful restructuring opportunity and source of controversy. • Britain implemented privatization with a well–organized stock market ,a historical experience with markets, Limited Liability Companies, and a competitive private sector.
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The distribution of mineral products of British
• Income from privatization has grown considerably over the years, starting at $370 million in 1980,the income from share sales grew to $8.184 million in 1993.the revenues will fall in the future unless more large equity issues are undertaken.
Confederation of British Industry ﹝CBI﹞
• It represents employer interests in its consultations with government officials over matters of economic importance, including taxation and spending programs, assists employers in their negotiations with trade unions. • Trade unions enjoy rights to bargain collectively on behalf of their members .
英语国家概况经济篇
英语国家概况经济篇一.自然资源英国:Compare with many other countries,Britain has comsiderable reserves of coal.Today British coal mining is called a "sick" industry.Natural gas and oil was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea.Britain was the first nation to build a large iron and steel industry.Rich deposits of iron ore were found in central England.As with the coal industry,Britain's steel industry is declining.美国:Fertile soil is one of the most important natural resouces in the United States. America's forest resources are among the world's largest.Another natural resource that contributes to the welfare of the country is water.America is the leaders in production of Coal,iron ore,cpper,oil,sulfur,lead and zine.But short for tin,manganese,and nikel.爱尔兰:Ireland is now the largest producer of lead and zinc concentrates in Europe.While Ireland lacks sizeable oil deposits,it has a valuable energy source in the peat,or turt,bogs that cover extensive areas of the country.加拿大:Water is one of the most important natural resources in Canada.Almost half of the land area of Canada is covered by forests. Canada ranks third,in the production of lumber and other forest products in the world.The largest producer of newsprint in the world.Canada is a primary world producer of nickle,zine and asbestoes,and comes second in potash,third in gold and fourth in copper.Canada is a major world supplier of uranium.Experts believe that the cold fields of Canada may be among the largest in the world.A great deposit of petroleum was discovered south of Edmonton in Alberta. About two thurds of Canada's petroleum and about four fifths of its natural gas come from Alberta.澳大利亚:Australia is one of the world's biggest producers of minerals and metals.It has major deposits of bauxite,mineral sands,diamonds,and black and brown coal,and large reserves of ores containing gold,lead,zinc,iron,copper,nikel,manganese and uranium. It is the world largest exporter of coal,and a major exporter of uranium.新西兰:There is an increasingly large share of energy comes from local resources:natural gas,crude oil,hydroelectricity and geothermal steam. Coal is of growing importance.Solar energy,vegetable oils and ethylalcohol from fermentation make small contributions.二.农业英国:The Britain were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming.The new farming has been called "agribusiness".There are mainly six farming types in Britain.They are arable farning,dairy fariming,stock farming,mixed farming,hill farming and market gardening.Because of the cool climate,apples,pears and plums grwo very well in Britain.The North Sea has very good fishing grounds.美国:Yet the United States grows nearly one fourth of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.It ranks first,second,or third in the production and export of corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, oranges, meat,milk, apples,oats,cotton,tobaoo, peanuts,and edible vegetable oil.(具体的在什么地方种什么东西可以参照书上P289-291)爱尔兰:Agriculture generates anestimated 11% of the Ireland GNP,employs 17% of the labour force and produces 25% of total exports.The most signigicant recent development in Irish agriculture has been membership in the European Community.加拿大:The land used for agriculture makes up only 7% in Canada. Canada farms specialize in producing wheat,food crops for animals dairy products,and fruit.Fishing and mining are quite important.The Canada Prairie is the centre of a rich wheat belt.Eastern Canada is noted for a variety of farm products.Dairying is in the lowlands of Quebec and Ontario.Fruits are grown in Western Nova Scotia.澳大利亚:Today,agriculture is the nation's largest and most diverse industry.Australia is one of the world's leading producers of food and natural fibres.Australia is the world's largest exporter of wool,the second largest exporter of meat,the third largest exporter of wheat and a major international supplier of sugar,dairy products,fruits,cotton and rice.Australia's agriculture importance has declined in recent years.新西兰:Vineyards produce international award-winning red and white wines.三.制造业,工业英国:The textile is one of Britain's oldest.Textiles were on of the country's most vauluable exports.Britain became a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the 19th century.The two main centres for shipbuilding were on the River Tyne near Newcastle,England and on the Clyde near Glasgow in Scotland.The Britain motor industry now dominated by four firms(Ford,the RoverGroup,GM-Vauxhall,and Peugeot)There are three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth. Scotland has Europe's largest collection of foreign-owned chip factories.Over 90% of the companies are from the U.S.A.,Japan,the Netherlands and germany.美国:The untied States ranks first,second,third or fourth in the world in the production of crude steel,passenger cars,commercial vehicles,chemicals,radio sets,television sets,and other manufacturing goods.Manufacturing accounts for about one quarter of theGDP,about one quarter of the national income,and over one fifth of the work force.The industrial regions are the Midwest(the nations's leading centre of heavy industry) round the Great Lakes,the Middle Atlantic states,the South,and the Pacific Coast.爱尔兰:Since the 1961s,manufactuing has become the mainstay of the Irish economy.Of industrial employment,66% are employed in manufacting.加拿大:Manufacturing is the mst important economic activity in Canada.Food processing is the leading industry. The manufacture of transportation equipment ranks second. The production of paper and paper related products ranks third. metal products are also important.澳大利亚:The mining industry in Australia has faced new problems in recent years.Australia's service sector is the fastest-growing sector of industry.It has been growing in importance in recent years.新西兰:There are two steel comanies:New Zealand Steel which uses iron sands from the west coast of North Island,and Pacific Steel which reuses scrap iron.New Zealand is a world leader in the CNA(compressed natural gas) industry.Garments,fabrics and carpets are exported.The fishing industry has expanded greatly and is now the 4th largest export earner.四.对外贸易英国:Britain is the fifth largest trading country in the world.Napoleon called it a "nation of shopkeepers".Britain's foreign trade is mainly with other developed countries.which accounts for 79% of exports and 85% of imports.About half with EC.Traditionally,Britain has had a deficit on visible trade and a surplus on invisible trade.美国:Currenty U.S. exports are about 15% of the world's total.The Unites States imports about 13% of all world imports.Canada is the largest single source og goods imported by the U.S.,accounting for nearly 30% of the total. Outside of North America,Europe is the largest source of imports with about 30%,Asia provides about 18%,with smaller percentages from LatinAmerica,Africa,and Australia.爱尔兰:Successive Irish governments have adopted a consistent and postive approoach toward attracting overseas investment.The new foreign firms now account for over 70% of manufactured exports.Ireland is new an industrial exporter.Manufactured goods account for about two-thirds of total wxports.加拿大:A total about four fifths of all foreign investments in Canada are American.澳大利亚:Australia is a middle-level trading nation.The main feature of Australia's trade is that it has always involved the exchange of raw materials for finished products.Australia's trade relations with China have been developing rapidly in recent years. China accouts for about 3% of Australian total exports.新西兰:Trade is New Zealand's linelihood.Foreign investment is increasing and financial markets are active.Western Europe and particularly Britain have traditionally been New Zealand's major export market.The main imports are industrial raw materials,capital equipment and consumer goods.New Zealand is the world's largest exporter of lamb and mutton as well as dairy products.五.当今面临的问题英国:Britain is the oldest industrial country in the world.The term "Britain disease" is noew often used to characterise Britain's economic decline.The Evolution of the Britain Economy since the War:1.Steady development in the 50s and 60s.2.Economic recession in the 70s.3.Economic recovery in the 80s.这里有一部分是撒切尔的宏,微观措施比较重要(P91-92)美国:The Untied States has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector. So the economy system of the United States is principally privately owned.But today,many of American people still live under the poverty line.Unemployment,inflation,finacial deficit,and trade deficit are the troubles that always face the United States.爱尔兰:The value of imports generally exceeds that of exports. That's why Ireland has a chronic negative balance of trade.Continuing dependence on imported oil is one of the reasons for the high import bill.加拿大:In the past few years however,Canada's unemployment rate has been high.But what is worth nothing is that the cost for manufacturing has increased while the productivity per worker has decreased as compared with the United States or with its ten trading partners.While Canada has one of the world's highest standards of living,not all regions of the country have enjoyed the same degree of prosperity.Some measures have been taken by the Federal government to help those slow grownth regions.澳大利亚:Problems of Australia economy:1.Over-reliance on commodityexports.2.Failure to share in the expansion of international trade.3.The decline of manufaturing industries and the effects of tariffs.Country Party system HousesBritain The conservative Party, The House of Commons The Labour Party The House of LorbsThe U.S. The Democrats, The Senate,The Republic The House of RepresentativesIreland Fianna Fail, The Senate,Fine Gael The House of RepresentativesAustralia The Labour Party, The Senate,the Liberal and National Party The House of RepresentativesNew Zealand The National Party，The Labour Party The House of RepresentativesCanada The Liberal Party, The Senate,the Progressive Conservative Party The House of Representatives（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
The-UK-Economy-英国经济精品PPT课件
36698美元
2.6%
• 04 CHINA
28792.26亿美元
2177美元
11.4%
• 05 UK
24718.72亿美元
40669美元
2.9%
• 35 HONG KONG 2045.02亿美元 29298美元 5.8%
Second, the era of empire was over. the independence of its colonies makes Britain lose big markets for British goods, and the independent colonies stopped providing raw materials to the UK, leaving Britain as just a medium-size European country.
this period as one of decline?
The Reasons for the Relative Decline of UK Economy
First, after World War II, the UK had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the war, selling many of its accumulated overseas assets, and borrowing large amounts from the US and Canada.
• From 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.
英国经济介绍 Economy
All these accounted for 10% of GDP. Owing to mismanagement and low efficiency, the Conservative governments between 1979 and 1996 denationalized oil companies, telecoms, gas, airlines, electricity, railways and water supply.
2 The Public Sector
The public sector refers to state-owned enterprises. The Labor government nationalized a number of big business soon after the Second World War, introduced a fromcradle-to-grave welfare system and extended its controls over banking and the money supply.
The system of free enterprise is mainly based on the theory first systematically expounded by British philosopher and economist Adam Smith (1723 – 1790) in his masterpiece An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, which was first published in 1776.
英美国家概况 译文Unit 5 The UK Economy (英国的经济)
4) causes for the relative decline 相对衰退的原因
① Britain has gone into heavy debt to finance the war (selling many accumulated overseas assets, borrowing large amounts from the US and Canada) 为了给战争筹集资金，英国已经背上了沉重的债务
② British colonies which used to provide raw materials and big markets gained independence —the end of the era of empire. 过去常常为英国提供原材料和广阔市场的英国殖民地纷纷独立。
Summary of the decline:
The UK has experienced an economic decline since 1945. but this is a relative decline rather than an absolute one. Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but since other countries developed more rapidly, it has slid from being the 2nd largest economy to being the 6th.
2) By 1900, overtaken by the U.S and Germany.
一直到19世纪80年代，英国经济一直在世界上居于主导地位。但是到20世纪时，它被美国和德国超过。
英国经济200字英文作文
英国经济200字英文作文英文：The UK economy has been through some ups and downs in recent years. In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the country experienced a period of slow growth and high unemployment. However, in recent years, the economy has bounced back and is now one of the fastest-growing in Europe.One factor that has contributed to this growth is the government's commitment to reducing the budget deficit. By cutting spending and increasing taxes, the government has been able to reduce the deficit from 10% of GDP in 2010 to around 2% today. This has helped to restore confidence in the UK economy and attract investment.Another factor that has helped the economy is thegrowth of the tech sector. London has become a hub for tech startups, and companies like Deliveroo and TransferWisehave achieved global success. This has created jobs and boosted productivity, and the government has been keen to support this sector with tax breaks and other incentives.However, there are also challenges facing the UK economy. Brexit is causing uncertainty, and the outcome of negotiations with the EU could have a significant impact on trade and investment. In addition, the country's productivity growth has been sluggish, which could limitits ability to compete in the global economy in the long term.Overall, the UK economy has shown resilience in the face of challenges, but there is still work to be done to ensure sustained growth and prosperity.中文：英国经济近年来经历了一些起伏。
英国经济发展英文作文
英国经济发展英文作文英文：The UK economy has undergone significant development over the past few decades. One of the major driving forces behind this growth has been the country's shift towards a service-based economy. This has led to the growth of industries such as finance, technology, and creative industries, which have all contributed to the UK's economic success.Another factor that has contributed to the UK's economic growth is its openness to international trade. The country has a long history of trade with other countries and has established itself as a hub for international business. This has allowed UK businesses to access new markets and customers, while also attracting foreign investment and talent.However, the UK economy has also faced challenges inrecent years, particularly in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. This has led to a period of slow growth and uncertainty, as businesses and consumers alike have been cautious about spending and investment.Despite these challenges, the UK economy has shown resilience and continues to grow. The government has implemented policies to support small businesses and encourage innovation, while also investing in infrastructure and education to support long-term growth.Overall, the UK economy has come a long way and continues to evolve. While there are challenges and uncertainties, there are also opportunities for growth and success.中文：过去几十年，英国经济发展取得了显著进展。
英语国家概况英国部分chaptre2Economy
UK has been a member of EU . However UK remains outside of the European Economic and Monetary Union( EMU) and opinion polls show the majority of the Britons oppose the joining of Euro.
The CAP is a form of protectionism designed to defend European producers from cheaper products outside the EU. This was once done by subsidising agricultural produce but is now achieved by the EU deterring（制止） imports from outside the EU with a system of import tariffs and simultaneously subsidising farmers through the Single Farm Payment. If surplus food is produced then the EU intervenes in the market either by subsidising export of the product at below cost price; by storing it, creating the EU 'food mountains'; selling it later; or destroying it. Such exports are generally dumped on poor countries, especially in Africa. The CAP also seeks to control production by setting quotas on how much a farmer can produce then paying them not to produce more.