北外口译翻译技巧资料(英译汉)
北京外国语大学英语口译、英语笔译考研参考资料——术语分享
北京外国语大学英语口译、英语笔译考研参考资料——术语分享在备考北外英语口译和英语笔译的过程中，要不断地加强对词汇的积累，同时也要注意一些术语和固定用法的翻译。
下文为中央编译局发布的权威英译——关于国务院组成部门和屠呦呦演讲的相关术语。
国务院组成部门：中华人民共和国司法部：Ministry of Justice of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国外交部：Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republi c of China中华人民共和国水利部：M inistry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国土资源部：M inistry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家安全：M inistry of State Security of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家人口和计划生育委员会：National Population and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国人力资源和社会保障部：Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国农业部：M inistry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国科学技术部：M inistry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国文化部：Mi nistry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国交通运输部：M inistry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部：Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会：National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国教育部：M inistry of Education of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家民族事务委员会：State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国审计署：N ational Audit Office of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国环境保护总局：Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国卫生部：M inistry of Health of the People’s Republic of Ch ina中华人民共和国工业和信息化部：Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国防部：M inistry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国公安部：M inistry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国监察部：M inistry of Supervision of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国商务部：Mi nistry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国财政部：M inistry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国铁道部：M inistry of Railways of the People’s Republic of Chin a中国人民银行：P eople’s Bank of China中华人民共和国民政部：M inistry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China 屠呦呦演讲稿术语：ANN：artificial neural network硼氢化钠：sodium borohydride样品：sample恶性疟原虫：Plasmodium falciparum青蒿素：arteannuin药学：pharmacy青蒿素复方药物治疗：Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies, ACTs恶性疟疾：malignant malaria药典：pharmacopeia治疗：therapy卫生部：Ministry of Health分析化学：analytic chemistry双氢青蒿素：dihydroartemisinin低毒：low-toxicity立体结构：stereoscopic structure羰基：carbonyl青蒿琥酯：sodium artesunate分子量：molecular weight溶剂：solventCT：computerized tomography蒿乙醚：Artemotil碱溶液：alkali solution世界卫生组织：WHO (World Health Organization) 疟原虫：plasmodium蒿甲醚：Artemether羟基: h ydroxyl低温提取：low temperature extraction分子结构：molecular construction抗药性：Drug resistance疟疾：malaria衍生物：derivative有机化学：organic chemistry。
北外英汉翻译笔记
北外英汉翻译笔记第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。
2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。
二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。
5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。
北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研(英语口译、英语笔译)―如何翻译英(精)
北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研(英语口译、英语笔译—如何翻译英语习语北外英语口译和英语笔译(翻译硕士MTI考研中,也会出现一些习语。
考研翻译中的习语翻译也是有一定技巧的,下面从直译、意译、套译三个方面进行详细解说。
一、直译直译不仅能再现原文的意义和语言形式,还能保持其生动形象的比喻以及新颖独特的表达手法,既能读者体会原习语的风采,又能丰富汉语表达形式。
例如,“条条大路通罗马”、“特洛伊木马”等,便通过直译的方式,进入汉语并成为汉语语言的一部分。
一般而言,英语习语若在形、义上,与汉语习语相同或基本相似的,常可采用直译。
例:1、to be armed to the teeth:武装到牙齿2、Time is money:时间就是金钱3、to shed crocodile tears:掉鳄鱼眼泪4、as cold as ice:冰冷5、to trim the sail to the wind:看风使帆6、Too many cooks spoil the broth:厨子多了煮坏汤。
7、Blood is thicker than water:血浓于水。
直译加注法有些习语直译,仍无法把原意清楚准确地表达出来,便可采用直译加注释法。
例:1、a bull in a china shop:公牛闯进瓷器店–肆意捣乱2、to shed crocodile tears:流鳄鱼眼泪–假慈悲3、People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss.人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻–居心险恶。
4、The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference; that they rarely leave hope at bottom.政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子,后患无穷,主要不同之处是:盒底很少留有希望。
北外经典英语翻译中级口译(一)
北外经典英语翻译中级口译（一）Part 1 English into Chinese[//表示停顿]International Cooperation Against Transnational Organized CrimeOrganized crime groups pose challenges as never before to societies everywhere. Whether involved in drug trafficking, money laundering, people smuggling or outright terrorism they operate in a sophisticated way without regard to national frontiers. The profits of crime are vast. The International Monetary Fund has stated that he aggregate size of money laundering in the world could be somewhere between two and five per cent of the world’s gross domesticproduct.src=“/catti/Files/2006-9/9/1519177283.gif” width=250 border=0 name=AD_96>Putting a dollar figure on that, it is estimated that money laundering activity could now involve as much as 1.5 trillion US dollars a year, and it seems likely that half of that figure is attributable to the proceeds of drugtrafficking.//Given that profits of this scale can be made, the temptations for people at all levels to get involved are manifest, and we must clearly understand and beak down the vicious cycle that exists between money laundering)and corruption: corruption has to be well funded to, succeed in its object of corrupting public officials and others, and that is being achieved all too often by the use of illicit assets.The manner in which we respond to this problem is not only a test of our concern for a safer world, but a measure of our determination to create a decent future for coning generations.//In the wake of the events of 11 September 2001, a war against terrorism is being pursued on various fronts. This includes a direct assault on money laundering, which is now recognized, more so than ever before, as an insidious crime which is all pervasive. It threatens the stability of our societies. It undermines our financial institutions. It challenges our national security.As a transnational crime, money laundering can only be combated through close cooperation among national authorities efforts by states acting alone to attack the economic power ofcriminal groups will not succeed if other states do not take complementary action. In the absence of a coordinated and effective international framework, all too often non-participating countries offer criminals safe havens for laundering funds.//And as patterns of crime develop and become mere sophisticated and profitable, we in law enforcement must be adequately resourced, fully trained, and efficiently deployed We must prosecute the organized criminals, size their assets, and disrupt their operations. The fight against money laundering will be a protracted and complex process, and we must be prepaid to play a long game. Our societies expect no less of us.For when we fight money laundering, we fight organized crime. When we fight money laundering, we keep drugs out playgrounds and away from our kids. We keep weapons out of the hands of terrorists. We protect small business. And we safeguard the human dignity of women and children trafficked into forced labor and prostitution. When we stop criminals from enjoying the of their illicit activity, we serve the cause of freedom and justice. For law enforcement, there is no higher calling.//。
(整理)北外英语专业超全面翻译笔记近10万字.
第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。
2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。
二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。
5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。
北外英汉翻译笔记
北外英汉翻译笔记第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。
2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。
二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。
5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。
北外翻译硕士英语口笔译复习资料 英语翻译基础 英语翻译技巧
北外翻译硕士英语口笔译复习资料英语翻译基础英语翻译技巧英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。
掌握一些常用的翻译技巧，把这些翻译技巧运用到平时的翻译练习中，会使备考翻译基础这门课变得简单，也会使你平时做起翻译来事半功倍。
下面介绍一些常用的翻译方法：1、增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时需要增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。
英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。
总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。
如：（1）What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语）（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）（3）Indeed,the reverse is true实际情况恰好相反。
北外英汉翻译笔记
北外英汉翻译笔记第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。
2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。
二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。
5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。
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英译汉Chapter One 词义的选择、引申和褒贬一．词义的选择（一）根据词性He likes physics.They are shining like gold.Like knows like.(二) 根据上下文联系He is the last man to do it.He should be the last to blame.He is the last man to come.He is the last person for such a job.二．词义的引申（一）将词义做抽象化的引申1．将表示具体形象的词译成该形象代表的属性Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活有甜有苦。
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them.他们的性格既残暴，又狡猾。
2．将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的词see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad时好时坏这两种情况不断地交替出现Their troops goosestepped into power.他们的军队耀武扬威地夺取了政权。
（二）将词义做具体化的引申The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green.我前面的车停下来了，我错过了绿灯。
三．词义的褒贬（一）英语中有些词本身具有褒贬意义He was a man of high renown.他是位有名望的人。
His notoriety didn’t come until his death.他的恶名是他死后才传开的。
（二）中立意义的词在上下文中译出褒贬The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions.我们要求他谈了他的希望和抱负He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。
练习:Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century.信息技术将成为21世纪全球经济竞争的中心。
The largest American cities are a diverse group, but they share certain problems.美国的大城市形形色色，却有许多共同的问题。
The expansion of educational opportunities promoted the American ideal of equal opportunity for all.由于教育不断普及，推动了机遇面前人人平等的美国理想的实现。
Race relations in the US continue to be a thorny problem.美国的种族关系一直是棘手的问题。
The diverse population presents great challenges to the society, racism and discrimination remain problems.多民族的人口结构也给社会带来一定的问题，种族歧视和偏见依然存在。
Both newspapers and magazines are heavily dependent on advertising for financial support.报纸和杂志的经费来源主要是依靠广告收入。
Geography has given the US extensive and accessible resources, fertile land, and a beneficial climate.地理位置为美国提供了丰富的可利用资源，肥沃的土地和有利的气候。
The percentage of US children living without their father present has ballooned.美国没有父亲的单亲孩子比例激增。
The American greeting card and decoration industries encourage the celebration of both religious and secular holidays.美国的节日贺卡和装饰业增添了宗教节日和习俗节日的欢乐气氛。
Between 1689 and 1763, Great Britain and France fought a series of wars which involved the North American colonies.1689年至1763年间英法两国连年战争，使北美的欧洲殖民地也卷入其中。
The modern American economy has never been completely free from government involvement。
现代美国经济从来没有完全脱离过政府的干预。
The increase in DINK families has shattered the traditional idea of Chinese family。
丁克家庭的增长冲击了传统的中国家庭观念。
Chapter Two 词类转译一．转译为动词1．名词转译为动词Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已用来探索宇宙。
2．含有动词意味的名词转译为动词The sight and sound of our plane filled me with special longing.看到我们的飞机，听到飞机的声音，令我特别神往。
3．英语中以er结尾的名词在句中不指身份和职业，而含有动词意味，译为动词I think my sister is a better singer than I.我认为我姐姐比我唱的好。
二．转译为名词1．名词派生的动词Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系有一个特点就是以礼相待。
2．名词转化的动词This machine is designed to burn up if overused.这个机器，按其设计，如果过度使用就会烧毁。
练习：For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land.数百万移民踏上这片充满希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。
One thing that often leads people to move is the desire for better climate, more attractive scenery, more agreeable living.导致人们迁居的原因往往是向往宜人的气候，迷人的景色和惬意的生活。
The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.过去的20年中，美国的航空运输业迅速发展。
The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues. 财富逐渐集中在少数人手中，引发了许多社会问题和政治问题。
Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration.人口的增长是自然增长和不断移民的结果。
The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations.美国经济的组织方式是个人所有制，合伙制和公司制。
Chapter Three 分句合句法一．分句法（一）把原句中一个单词译成句子1．副词They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇。
2．形容词He talked with understandable pride about his daughter.他在谈到他女儿的时候很自豪，这是可以理解的。
3．名词The inside of each house depended on the personality of its owner.每个房间内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。
(二) 把短语翻译成句子1．名词短语Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。
2．介词短语Their power increased with their number.他们人数增加了，力量也随之增加。
(三) 把原文中的一个句子拆开, 变成两个句子Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.如果该地区再次发生战争, 显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
二．合句法（一）把原文中两个或以上的简单句译成一个句子There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the north.从全国各地来的人中有许多是北方人。
（二）把原文中的主从复合句译成一句When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是处于礼貌。