英语高考阅读七选五的命题思路及答题策略分析

2015年高考英语七选五专项复习训练第一部分：英语高考阅读七选五的命题思路及答题策略五．做题技巧和策略。

1．辨别语境线索语境线索主要指反应上下文关系的衔接手段，如篇章结构、词语重现、逻辑、连接、指称、同构等。

词语重现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指词语的简单重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。

比如：read, reading, reader, readers。

还可能是以同义词、近义词甚至反义词等形式出现。

（关键词语重现）逻辑是事物之间在的、必然的联系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分总关系等。

连接是指用连接词或连接语表明上下文之间的逻辑关系，如and, however等。

（并列关系、转折关系。

）指称是指用代词替代前文已出现的人物、事件、物品等，如he, she, they，it。

同构是指上下文使用了同一或类似的句式结构。

2. 分析短文篇章结构分析篇章结构、把握全篇文脉是解题的关键。

语篇通常由段落构成，所以分析篇章结构包括两个层次：一是分析段落之间的层次，也就是语篇层次；二是分析每个段落部的层次，即句际层次。

尤其是选项与前（后）句之间的逻辑关系和信息联系，是确定答案的主要依据。

六. 解题思路及要领●通读整篇文章，把握整段语脉，理出文章的中心。

●根据标点符号确定有几个句子。

●除中心词、关键词外，将所有句子按意义分出层次，如果是承接、平列、层进关系，则可分为两个或两个以上的层次，如果是解释、转折一般就可以一分为二。

●再分析各层次之间的关系。

●最后检查核对层次划分有无错误。

如一篇文章或语段有几个句子单位，几个层次，特别是长难句构成的语段层次是否明确。

七．正确选项特征：1、放进去通顺，这一点是基础。

凡不通顺的必错无疑；2、选项与其上句或下句之间有必然的逻辑关系；3、选项全部容都属于正确答案所在段；4、选项中有单词、词组、句子成分或与所选答案所在段容相匹配或重合；例如：上面第2项所指的逻辑关系主要是指代词关系、冠词关系以及连接词关系等。

例如，代词关系方面，如果所选答案中有he, him, his等词，这就意味着空前面必然出现了a boy, a man等词或人名。

如果这些词在空后面出现，就意味着正确答案中必有a boy, a man 等词或人名。

冠词方面，如果正确答案中出现了定冠词the，则空前将有不定冠词a(n)或与之相应的名词等出现。

如果定冠词第一次出现在空后，则意味着空里所需的答案中会有不定冠词a(n)或相应的名词等出现。

连接词方面，如果but ,however等出现在答案中，则意味着该答案与空前部分含义是相反的，但同时又与空后的容在含义上是一顺的或一致的；如果答案中有for another，前面不远处会有for one thing，如果答案中有other(s)，前面不远处会有some，如果答案中有second，前面不远处会有first等等。

需要注意的是for one thing...for another..., some...other(s)..., first...second...等这些组合既可能出现在同一段落中，也可能分别出现在相邻两段的句首。

八．关于大小标题无论什么样的阅读题，只要有大小标题，难度就大为降低了。

七选五中需要注意的：A. 大小标题的特点，大标题是对全文的概括总结，小标题是对其下面段落的概括总结；B. 大标题每个实词的首字母都大写（单凭这一点就很难出错），几个小标题之间长短基本一致，用词的特点相同，且小标题一般都以动词开头，没有主语；C. 好多时候，只要答案与小标题中的词汇重合了，也就正确了。

九.七选五的做题顺序七选五应先看备选答案，把其中隐含的代词、冠词、连接词所揭示的在逻辑关系搞清楚。

然后再看文章，在读文章的过程中不但要确定正确答案，还要同时排除错误答案。

本题即将做完时，如果有两个答案搞不准，不妨试着把两个答案换一下位置，一旦发现换了之后更通顺，更符合逻辑，那就意味着5分（4乘以1.25)到手了。

做完题后，看一眼剩下的两个落选答案，如果清晰地知道它们为什么落选，本题型就得满分了，如果突然感觉到“不好，错了”，当场改正，也花不了多少时间。

十．七选五口诀逻辑关系前后句，词汇重合上下文；容全归所在段，语意通顺且连贯。

口诀中第一句说明要通过逻辑关系寻找正确答案，只需把备选答案、空前、空后这三句看清就可以了，不用考虑得太多；第二句的上下文是指所在段的上下文，一旦串段了,就会错出十万八千里；第三句涉及段落的一致性，英语文章一旦把段与段之间的关系搞混了，就像汉语文章跑题一样，无药可救。

十一．现说明“七选五补全阅读题”的解题方法。

Have you ever lost your temper? Did you yell or scream at those around you, even people you like or love? Did you want to break something or hit someone?Everyone gets angry. We have lots of emotions. At different times, we may be happy, sad or jealous. 1 .It’s perfectly okay to be angry at time（偶尔）--- in fact, it’s important to get angry sometimes. Anger can even be a good thing. When we are treated unfairly, anger can help us stand up for ourselves.__2___ some people keep their anger buried deep inside. If you do this, you might get a headache or your stomach might start to hurt. You may just feel crummy (糟糕的) about yourself or start to cry. It’s not good to hide your anger, so you should find a way to let it out without hurting yourself or others.When you start to feel angry, you can count to 10, draw a picture of anger, play a video game, run as fast as you can or do something active. An effective way is to talk to a friend you can trust. 3 .4 Instead, admit to yourself that you are angry and try to figure out why you are angry and what you can do to keep the situation from happening again.Never getting angry is impossible. But, you should always remember that how youact when you’re angry can make the situation better or worse.5 Take charge of it!A. Once you talk about anger, those bad feelings usually start to go away.B. Taking it out on others never solves anything.C. Anger is just another way we feel.D. Here is an important way to deal with anger.E. But anger must be released in the right way.F. Every coin has two sides.G. Don’t let anger be the boss of you.一、阅读短文，把握中心二、明白体裁，理清思路三、上下求索，瞻前顾后四、确定答案，入文复查通过阅读该短文，知该短文话题是人们对“生气---这种情绪的掌控”。

本文为议论文，第一段由问句引出话题，谈到有时人们会出现情绪失控的状况。

第二段，谈到人们有时会开心、悲伤或嫉妒、生气。

第三段谈生气有时是重要的。

第四段谈到把生气这种状态埋藏在心底是不好的，要学会宣泄但不要伤害别人。

第五段介绍正确的宣泄方式。

第六段谈不良情绪的正确控制。

第七段总结，“要用理智处理不良的情绪”。

1.C 解析：前面谈到“Everyone gets angry”,后面谈到“To be angry at times---is important to get angry sometimes.”2.E. 解析：整个第三自然段的核心意思是“It’s not good to hide your anger, so you should find a way to let it out without hurting yourself or others”.(把愤怒埋藏在心底是不可取的，所以要找到一种在不伤害别人的情况下宣泄自己不良情绪的方法)3.A. 解析：“An effective way is to talk to a friend you can trust.”然后承接下一句“Once you talk about anger, those bad feelings usually start to go away.”4.B. 解析：“Taking it out on others never solves anything.”然后是转折关系“Instead, admit to yourself that you are angry and try to figure out why you are angry and what you can do”.5. G. 解析：“Don’t let anger be the boss of you”然后是顺接关系“Take charge of it!”第二部分：高考真题回放（2007--2012）3.（2009年，卷）Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables.71 Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time.Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle. 72 Ideal （理想的）study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner.Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. 73You’ll also need to help your kids find the right place to study. After you’ve set up a good study time for little learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing.74 Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair.75 This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions. The input you give your children during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable.A. Pick a place where your children can study properly.B. Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves.C. Finally, spend time with your kids when they’re studying.D. Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement, too.E. Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed.F. Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward.G. One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design aschedule that they keep to.4. (2010年、卷) Q&AQuestion: I have recently got a senior position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. 71 My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldn’t have felt that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings?Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers (同事) is a hard task in itself, and it becomes much more difficult when a question-and-answer period is required. Question-and-answer periods are a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points. 72 .● 73When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification (澄清).● Buy time.When facing a hard question, most people can’t give an answer immediately. Buy time by repeating the question in your own words. 74 These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question.● Suggest a private meeting.A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers.75A. Show your true interest.B. Restate the question with respect.C. Some ideas can be quite concrete.D. There were many difficult questions.E. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.F. You may also ask for clarification on the question.G. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.5. (2011年全国新课标卷) Money MattersParents should help their children understand money. 71 So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.1.The basic function of moneyBegin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员). 72 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.2.Money lessonsApproach money lessons with openness and honesty. 73 If you must say no toa child’s request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.”Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “ You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”3.74Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product--- a name-brand butter and a generic (无商标产品)，for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 75 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.A. Wise decisionsB. The value of moneyC. Permit the child to choose between them.D. Tell your child why he can –or cannot --- have certain things.E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to youF. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.6.（2011年） Public Speaking and Critical ThinkingWhat is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic（逻辑）—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s arguments and to avoid themin your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking—the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. 71 The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thanking.72 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal at time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机械的）exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have 73What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop yourskills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.A．Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.B．This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.E．If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class,the answer is quite a lot.F．The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of waysG．As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making, you willsee how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.7.（2011年卷）Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain SharpEveryone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying thing. 71 Read on for some techniques worth trying.1. 72People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer's disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study. 73 Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brains looking forward.2. Go for a walk.Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 743. Learn something new.Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new andare physically active at the same time. 75 Or go dancing with your friends.A. Focus on the future.B. This can be especially harmful to the aged.C. It should be something like learning gardening.D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.E. But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life-changing events.F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.8.(2012年全国I卷)Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed time to time. 71 Some ways of dealing with stress 一like screaming or hitting someone一don't solve much. But other ways, like talkingto someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps, the next time you are stressed:(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult, such as parent or other relatives. 72 They might havehad similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.(2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. 73(3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adultsand friends, it's time to get down to business. 74 Even if you can't solveit all, you can solve a piece of it.(4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. 75A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.C. Different people feel stress in different waysD. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.E. You need to figure out what the problem is.F. And don't forget about your friends.G. Then, find a way to calm down。