英语时态、语态、从句一览(1)
专四必考语法
专四必考语法一、时态、语态1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. (宾语从句) 比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again. (状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include i n the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式)2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。
如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况)(2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。
如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。
英语语法16种时态总结（经典收藏版）
英语语法16种时态总结（经典收藏版）奇速英语教育时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。
动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。
将这时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下16种时态形式(以do为例)：一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing1. 一般现在时（do/does; is/am/are）①表示现在的情况、状态和特征。
例：He is a student.他是一个学生。
② 表示经常性、习惯性动作。
例：He always helps others.他总是帮助别人。
③ 客观事实和普遍真理。
例：The earth moves the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
④ 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
（常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时刻表）例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。
⑤ 主将从现：在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在表示将的来事情。
例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们会待在家里。
英语时态和语态一览表
1、一般现在时
do
does
am, is, are
2、一般过去时
did
was
were
1）现在惯性的动作或存在的状态。
2）客观事实,真理或格言。
3）表示现在将来时。
（只用于时状或条状从句中）
1）过去习惯性的的动作或存在的状态。
2）用于“were-型”和“if-型”虚拟语气中。
should
bedone
would
1）在现在的将来发生的动作。
（注：含现在将来的意愿、预见或意图）
1）在过去的将来发生的动作。
（注：含过去将来的意愿、预见或意图）
9、现在将来完成时
shall
havebeen
willdone
→
10、过去将来完成时
should
havebeen
woulddone
1）在现在的将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。
are
4、过去进行时
was
beingdone
were
1）在现在某一时刻或某段时间里正在进行的动作。
2）按计划安排在现在的将来发生的动作。
1）在过去的某一时刻或某段时间里正在进行
的动作。
2）按计划安排在过去的将来发生的动作。
5、现在完成时
has
beendone
have
→
6、过去完成时
hadbeendone
1）在现在的将来发生的动作。
（注：含现在将来的意愿、预见或意图）
1）在过去的将来发生的动作。
（注：含过去将来的意愿、预见或意图）
11、现在将来进行时
shall
be
willdoing
高考英语二轮总复习 核心语法必备 专题一 谓语动词(动词的时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词和虚拟语气)
cook, draw等, 常与well, easily,
这件衬衫不好洗。
smoothly等副词连用
open, close, lock, move, keep等动词常 The drawer won't lock.
与won't, can't, wouldn't 连用
这个抽屉锁不上。
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点四
意义 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, company, population, 单
一致 enemy, party, crew, audience, committee, government, majority, 复
原则 group等强调整体时谓语动词用单数, 指个体成员时谓语动词用 数
代词
单个的动词-ing形式、动词不定式或主语从句
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点四
原则
主语
谓语
由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念
有生命的集体名词, 如people, police, cattle等 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词, 如goods,
stairs,
arms等
复数
山脉、群岛、瀑布等以-s结尾的专有名词
重点三 主谓一致3原则
原则
主语
谓语
语法 单数
单数
一致 原则
复数
复数
就近 一致 原则
由or, either... or..., neither... nor...,
not only... but (also)..., not... but... 等连接
与最近的主语在单复数上 保持一致
英语时态语法基础知识大全
高中英语动词时态语态精讲一、时态（一）现在进行时用法注意点：1.状态性动词不用进行时态，包括（1）be和have,或者含有be和have意义的动词，如：belong to,contain,depend on,等；（2）feel,sound,smell,taste等连系动词；（3）hear,see,find等表示结果的动词；（4）表示心理或情感状态的动词，如：believe,love,want,understand,wish等；2.进行时态和副词always,forever等连用时，往往带有一定的感情色彩，如赞扬、批评、不满、抱怨等；eg.He is always criticizing us.（二）一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：1.过去进行时表示动作的未完成性、持续性，着眼于动作的过程；一般过去时表示动作的完成，即动作发生过，且已结束，着眼于结果；如：She was writing a report last night and I don’t know if she has finished it.(昨晚一直在写)She wrote a report last night.（表示昨晚写了，并且写好了）2.过去进行时与always,forever等词连用表示一定的感情色彩；He was always throwing things about.(表示不满或讨厌)（三）将来时的几种表达：A B C Dbe going to 表示“计划、打算、安排将要做的事”时，主语只能是人说话人说话之前已考虑过的主语是物时，表示说话人根据某种迹象主观推测可能发生的事不能用于含有条件句的主句中will 表示将要发生某事或主语的“意愿”说话人说话时刻才考虑到的表示客观规律必然发生的可用于含有条件句的主句或从句中表示“意愿”be to 表示安排、计划要做的事与第二人称连用，表示转述第三者的话表示命令，相当于should/must表示“能”“该”“想要”“注定、不可避免”be about to 表示动作马上发生；句中不能再加at once,immediately和表示具体时间的词语；常有“be about to…..when”结构；还可用一般现在时、现在进行时表示将来发生的动作；（四）将来进行时与将来完成时：1.将来进行时表示将来某一时刻发生的动作，结构为：will/shall be doing2.将来完成时表示到将来某时刻某动作已发生，结构为：will/shall have done,时间状语为：by+表将来时间的词语；如：I’ll be climbing the mountain this time the day after tomorrow.By the time he graduates from the college,he will have learned three foreign languages.（五）现在完成时及过去完成时的用法注意点：1.瞬间性动词与延续性动词的正确使用：与how long,for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用时须用延续性动词，如：die-be dead,marry-be married,begin-be on,begin to know-know等；2.注意have been to与have gone to的区别；4.by+过去时间状语用过去完成时；5.有些动词的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望，这类动词为：think,plan, mean,intend,hope,expect,suppose等；I had intended to visit you yesterday,but the rain prevented me.（六）现在/过去完成进行时的用法：强调动作延续到说话时且还在进行；结构：have(has) /had been doing比较：They have repaired the road.(表示路已修好)They have been repairing the road.（表示路还在修）有时两者可替换：She has taught in this middle school for ten years.She has been teaching in this school for ten years.注意：完成进行时不可与瞬间性动词连用，如：finish,go,marry等；（七）某些固定句型中时态是固定的：1.This/That/It is the first time+从句（用现在完成时）2.It’s/has been+一段时间+since从句（用过去时）3.It will be+一段时间+before从句（用一般现在时）/It was+一段时间+before从句（用过去时）4.It’s time+从句（用过去时或should do）5.would rather+从句（用一般过去时/过去完成时）It’s getting late.I’d rather you took a taxi there.The film was boring.I’d rather I hadn’t gone to see it.二、语态语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
16种时态及语态总结计划
16种时态及语态总结计划时态和语态是英语语法中非常重要的部分，掌握好它们对于准确表达意思、理解英语句子至关重要。
下面我们就来详细地总结一下 16 种时态及语态。
一般现在时：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
例如，“I play basketball every weekend”（我每个周末都打篮球。
）其被动语态为“Basketball is played by me every weekend”一般过去时：用于过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
比如，“He visited his grandparents last month”（他上个月看望了他的祖父母。
）被动语态是“His grandparents were visited by him last month”一般将来时：表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
“I will go to Beijing next week”（我下周将去北京。
）被动形式则为“Beijing will be gone to by me next week”过去将来时：立足于过去某一时间，看将来要发生的动作。
“She said she would com e here the next day” 被动是“She said she would be come here by her the next day”现在进行时：正在进行的动作。
“They are playing football now” 被动为“Football is being played by them now”过去进行时：过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
“I was reading a book at that time yesterday” 被动为“A book was being rea d by me at that time yesterday”将来进行时：将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。
“This time next week, I will be having a meeting” 被动是“This time next week, a meeting will be being had by me”现在完成时：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
(完整word版)英语语法体系一览图
词素
词的构成
构词法综述（分类, 助动词）
名词时/体
动词语气不定式
实词形容词非限定形式-ing分词
副词语态-ed分词
数词
词的分类叹词
连词
介词
虚词代词
冠词
语法句子成分主语从句
简单句基本句型宾语从句句子结构分类并列句名词性从句主补从句
复合句主从复合句形容词性从句同位语从句
副词性从句
陈述句
一般疑问句
功能分类疑问句特殊疑问句
祈使句选择疑问句
感叹句附加疑问句
主谓一致
直接/间接引语
否定
省略
强调, 前置与倒装
, 时态一致等）。
16时态10种语态大总结——学而思乐加乐英语 高中部 姜威老师
（表一）动词时态、语态过去过去将来现在将来一般式did should/would do does will/shall do was/were done should/would be done am/is/are done shall/will be done进行式was/were doing should/would be doing am/is/are doing shall/will be doing was/were being done am/is/are being done完成式had done should/would have done have/has done shall/will have done had been done should/would have been done have/has been done shall/will have been done完成进行式had been doing should/would have been doing have/has been doing shall/will have been doing1（表二）动词时态各种形式表达（主动语态）过去过去将来现在将来一般式肯：S+did sth.否：S+did not do sth.含情态：S+情过+do sth一般疑：Did+S+do sth?否定疑：Didn't+S+do sth?特殊疑：Wh-+did+S+do ?S+was/were+P+其他S+was/were+not+P+其他S+情过+be+P+其他Was/Were+S+P+其他?Was/Were not+S+P+其?Wh-+was/were+S+P +其?S+would/should do sthS+would/should not doWould/Should+S+ do?Wh-+would/should(not)+S+ do?S+do/does sth.S+do/does not do sth.S+情+do sth○2Do/Does+S+do sth?Do/Does not+S+do sth?Wh-+do/does+S+do sth?S+am/is/are+P+其他S+am/is/are+not+P+其他S+情+be+P+其他Am/Is/Are+S+P+其他?Am/Is/Are not+S+P+其?Wh-+am/is/are+S+P+其?S+will/shall do sth.S+will/shall not do sth.同○2Will/Shall+S+do sth?Will/Shall not+S+do sth?Wh-+will/shall+S+do sth?S+am/is/are going to do sthS+am/is/are+not going to do sthS+情+be going to do sthAm/Is/Are+S+going to do sth?Am/Is/Are not+S+going to do sth?Wh-+am/is/are+S+going to do sth?进行式肯：S+was/were doing sth否：S+was/were not doing sth含情态：S+情过去式+be doing sth.○1一般疑：Was/Were+S+doing?否定疑：Was/Were not+S+doing?特殊疑：Wh-+was/were+S+doing?S+would be doing sthS+wouldn't be doing sth同○1Would+S+be doing sth?Wouldn't+S+be doing ?Wh-+would be doing ?S+am/is/are doing sthS+am/is/are not doing sthS+情+be doing sth.○3Am/Is/Are+S+doing?Am/Is/Are not+S+doing?Wh-+am/is/are+S+doing?S+will/shall be doing sthS+will/shall not be doing sth同○3Will/Shall+S+be doing sth?Will/Shall not +S+be doing ?Wh-+will/shall+S+be doing sth?完成式肯：S+had done sth否：S+had not done sth含情态：一般疑：Had+S+done sth?否定疑：Hadn't+S+done sth?特殊疑：Wh-+had+S+done sth?S+have/has done sthS+have/has not done sthS+情+have done sth.○4Have/Has+S+done sth?Have/Has not+S+done sth?Wh-+have/has+S+done sth?S+will/shall have done sthS+will/shall not have done sth同○4Will/Shall+S+have done sth?Will/Shall not+S+have done sth?Wh-+will/shall+S+have done sth?完成进行式肯：S+had been doing sth.否：S+had not been doing sth.含情态：一般疑：Had+S+been doing sth?否定疑：Hadn't+S+been doing sth?特殊疑：Wh-+had+S+been doing sth?S+have/has been doing sth.S+have/has not been doing sth.S+情+have been doing sth.Have/Has+S+been doing sth?Have/Has not+S+been doing sth?Wh-+have/has+S+been doing sth?2（表三）动词时态考点过去过去将来现在将来一般式考点：1.动作发生在过去，结束在过去，对现在没有影响标志时间词：1.从句by the time+did, 主句had done (奶奶挂电话)2.从句since+did，主句have done （在我还小的时候）3.从句before+did, 主句had done （写完作业前妈妈做好饭）4.It is (high)time that 主+did5.It has/is been+段时间+since+S+did6.持续性动词+段时间（美国呆两年）进行式考点：1.发生在将来2.有时间点开放性作文，描图都用进行时。
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英语时态、语态和从句一览一、英语中的时态英语中共有十六种时态。
I 一般现在时（注意第三人称单数时动词的变化）e.g. Jack does his homework every day. 杰克每天做作业。
II 一般过去时（注意动词过去式的变化，尤其是不规则变化）e.g. Jack did homework yesterday. 杰克昨天做了家庭作业。
III 一般将来时will/be going to +V原形e.g. Jack will do his homework tomorrow. / Jack is going to do his homework tomorrow. 杰克明天要做作业。
IV 一般过去将来时would + V原形e.g. Jack said he would do his homework tomorrow. 杰克（过去）说他明天要做家庭作业。
V 现在完成时have/has + V过去分词e.g. Jack has done his homework. 杰克已经做完家庭作业了。
VI 过去完成时had + V过去分词e.g. Jack had done his homework yesterday. 杰克昨天就已经做完家庭作业了。
VII 将来完成时will have + V过去分词e.g. Jack will have done his homework by the end of next week. 杰克会在下周末之前做完家庭作业的。
VIII 过去将来完成时would have + V过去分词e.g. Jack said he would have done his homework by the end of next week. 杰克（过去）说他会在下周之前做完家庭作业的。
IX 现在进行时Be + Vinge.g. Jack is doing his homework now. 杰克正在做作业。
X 过去进行时was/were + Vinge.g. Jack was doing his homework yesterday morning. 杰克昨天上午正在做家庭作业。
XI将来进行时will be + Vinge.g. Jack will be doing his homework this time tomorrow. 杰克明天这个时候会在做家庭作业。
XII 过去将来进行时would be + Vinge.g. Jack told me he would be doing his homework this time tomorrow. 杰克（过去）告诉我他明天这个时候会在做家庭作业。
XIII 现在完成进行时have/has been + Vinge.g. Jack has been doing his homework all this morning. 杰克做了一上午作业。
（动作可能继续持续下去）XIV 过去完成进行时had been + Vinge.g. Jack had been doing his homework all day. 杰克做了一天作业。
XV 将来完成进行时will have been + Vinge.g. Jack will have been doing his homework for 9 days by the end of this week. 到这周末为止，杰克将做了9天作业了。
XVI 过去将来完成进行时would have been doing + Vinge.g. Jack said that by the end of this week, he would have been doing his homework for 9 days. 杰克（过去）说到这周末为止，他将做了9天作业了。
二、英语中的语态英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
I 主动语态（主语是动作的执行者）e.g. Jack does homework every day. 杰克每天做家庭作业。
II 被动语态（主语是动作的承受者）Be + V过去分词被动语态可以用于各种时态，但较常用的有下列十种。
1）一般现在时Be + V过去分词e.g. The homework is done by Jack.2) 一般过去时was/were + V过去分词e.g. The homework was done by Jack.3) 一般将来时will be + V过去分词e.g. The homework will be done by Jack.4) 一般过去将来时would be + V过去分词e.g. The homework would be done by Jack.5) 现在完成时have/has been + V过去分词e.g. The homework has been done by Jack.6) 过去完成时had been + V过去分词e.g. The homework had been done by Jack.7) 将来完成时will have been + V过去分词e.g. The homework will have been done by Jack.8) 过去将来完成时would have been + V过去分词e.g. The homework would have been done by Jack.9) 现在进行时Be + being + V过去分词e.g. The homework is being done by Jack.10) 过去进行时was/were + being + V过去分词e.g. The homework was being done by Jack.三、英语从句英语中共有约六种从句。
I 主语从句（在句中充当主语成分）e.g. What she did is not known yet. 她干了什么目前还不太清楚。
II 表语从句（在句中充当表语成分）e.g. The question is how he did it. 问题是他怎么做的。
III 宾语从句（在句中充当宾语成分）e.g. He told us that he felt ill. 他告诉我们他生病了。
I want to see where you live. 我想看看你住的地方。
IV 定语从句（在句中充当定语成分）e.g. The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是约翰。
V 同位语从句（在句中充当同位语成分）e.g. They were all very worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
VI 状语从句（在句中充当状语成分）状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、程度状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句九种。
1）时间状语从句（可由when, after, before, since, while, as soon as, till, until 等引导）e.g. When he was having his breakfast, he heard the door bell ring. 当他正用早餐时，听到门铃响了。
2）地点状语从句（可由where, wherever等引导）e.g. You can go where you want to go. 你可以去你想去的地方。
3）原因状语从句（可由because, as, since等引导）e.g. Lily was worried because she hadn’t had any letter from Ken. 莉莉很着急，因为她一直未收到肯的信。
4）结果状语从句（可由that, so等引导）e.g. She sat behind me so I couldn’t see her. 她坐在我身后，所以我看不见她。
5）程度状语从句（可由such that, to the degree that, in so far as等引导）e.g. At that time the actress was not known to the degree she is today. 那时这个女演员还不像现在这样出名。
6）目的状语从句（可由so that, in order that等引导）e.g. I gave him $500 in order that he might go for a holiday. 我给了他500美元，让他去度假。
7）条件状语从句（可由if, suppose, providing, given等引导）e.g. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the country. 如果明天天晴，我们就到乡下去。
8）让步状语从句（可由though, if ,even if, in spite of the fact that等引导）e.g. Though it was only nine o’clock, there were few people in the street. 虽然时间才九点钟，可街上已没什么人了。
9）方式状语从句（可由as, as if, as though, how等引导）e.g. You should write as he does. 他应该像他那样写。