中考英语第一部分教材知识研究八下Units1_2习题人教新目标版

第一部分教材知识研究八年级（下）Units 1-2（限时：60分钟满分：74分）一、完形填空（15分）（2016舟山）Brittany Amano wants to make sure every child in the US has enough to eat.Brittany Amano, now 18, knew how it felt to go hungry. Her mother tried to find a __1__ in Honolulu, Hawaii to support the family. Her grandmother helped out as much as she could. But the family __2__ had to depend on a local food bank to live on, and for that she was __3__.When they lost their home, Amano's family had to live in a friend's basement （地下室）. “I could feel __4__ hunger and homelessness influenced my family.”Amano told a reporter from TFK. “The experience made me want to give __5__ to others in the same situation.”In fourth grade, she and some of her friends started a food project. They __6__ $700 and collected 800 pounds of food. __7__ twelve, Amano set up the nonprofit （非盈利的）group Hawaii's Future Isn't Hungry. She hoped to raise $10，000 __8__ she finished high school. She ended up raising more than $500，000 in four years.With the __9__ collected, the nonprofit group, now called The Future Isn't Hungry, can offer fresh fruits, vegetables, and other __10__ foods to school kids on Fridays. This is to make sure that the kids and __11__ families have enough food to get them __12__ the weekend. So far, the effort has helped more than 75，000 people.In the fall of this year, Amano will __13__ Duke University, in North Carolina on a full scholarship. After graduation, she plans to return to Honolulu to __14__ to the city that gave her so much.“It doesn't matter if you help one million people __15__ just one person.”she says. “The smallest action can make a huge difference.”1. A. job B. club C. house D. school2. A. yet B. still C. just D. never3. A. careful B. helpful C. hopeful D. thankful4. A. why B. how C. what D. while5. A. hope B. choice C. surprise D. pleasure6. A. paid B. saved C. raised D. borrowed7. A. By B. At C. Until D. Below8. A. so B. since C. when D. if9. A. food B. clothes C. books D. money10. A. sweet B. healthy C. cheap D. delicious11. A. his B. her C. their D. our12. A. into B. across C. along D. through13. A. enter B. visit C. drop D. leave14. A. set off B. get down C. give back D. come up15. A. or B. as C. but D. and二、阅读理解（14分）A（2016温州）Harmful microbes like bacteria, viruses and other germs are pathogens. They may enter your bodies and make you ill. The immune system is the body's defence system that protects you from illness and disease caused by the pathogens.The immune system is made up of non­specialized defences such as skin, tears and the acidic juice produced by the stomach, keeping you from the pathogens. It also has some highly specialized defences, which are different kinds of immune cells,grouped into phagocytes and lymphocytes. Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell. They are swimming around in your blood stream, always on the lookout for antigens—the pathogens that have entered your bodies. Whenever they see one, they will eat it. However, some antigens are hard to find and kill. Then lymphocytes, which are also white blood cells and the main types are B cells, T helper cells and T killer cells, will be the killers of the sneaky antigens.B cells, T helper and T killer cells work together to find and kill these antigens. B cells produce substances, called antibodies, which stick to the antigen. When that happens, it will tell the T helper cells to come over and either：1. help the B cells kill the antigen, or 2. call the phagocytes or T killer cells to move in for the kill. Once a B cell or a T cell attacks an antigen, they create cells to “remember” it. Those “memory cells” hang out in your blood and if they see the same antigen again, they quickly recognize it so your immune system can act faster at killing it.The immune system is more powerful than you probably imagine. Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania recently took immune cells from three patients with leukemia, then genetically changed them into “serial killer”cells to attack cancer cells. The study was small but the results were groundbreaking. The modified immune cells increased at least 1，000 times in the body and killed all the cancer cells. Therefore, more“memory cells”were created.The immune system can be developed. Eating lean protein food（beef, beans）and food rich in vitamins A, C, and E（sweet potatoes, carrots）, taking a 30­minute walk every day and reducing your stress levels, etc. will help you achieve it.1. What can the immune system do?A. Keep you from antibodies.B. Protect you against antigens.C. Make your bodies weak and sick.D. Help microbes enter your bodies.2. How are the sneaky antigens found and killed?A. Phagocytes, B, T helper and T killer cells work together.B. Skin, tears, acidic juice and immune cells work together.C. B cells create “memory cells” to swim around in the blood.D. B cells produce antibodies to tell T helper and T killer cells.3. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A. The immune system can be made more powerful.B. Less antigens can be killed by the immune system.C. White blood cells act less quickly in the immune system.D. The immune system can be changed into the“serial killer”.4. This article is mainly about________.A. the types of white blood cellsB. a research report about human healthC. the cause of illness and diseaseD. an introduction to the immune systemB（2017原创）消防战士——黄一飞A heavy rain hit Jingmen city from June 30th to July 1st and caused flood. Some living buildings were in water. People had to move to another safe place.9­year­old Jiajun's house was in water, too. The family were in danger. They had to move away. On July 1st, they found a raft（小筏子）and wanted to take itto a safe place. Unluckily, the raft sank on half way. Jiajun, Jiajun's grandmother and other two people fell into water. Five firefighters（消防员）saw the accident and they jumped into water quickly to rescue them. Nineteen­year­old Huang Yifei, who has been a firefighter for about two years, grabbed（抓住）little Jiajun. But the water rushed quickly and Huang couldn't find a place to hold on. They floated on fast water about 500 meters away then they passed through a bridge. After that Huang saw a small tree that they could go close to. Huang told Jiajun to grab the tree tightly, but he himself only swam in water and waited to be saved. Jiajun told him that he wanted to be a firefighter when he grew up and that he believed they would be saved quickly. His words moved Huang and Huang hugged Jiajun tightly with his hands so that Jiajun could grab the little tree.At about 11：30 in the morning, Huang Yifei and little Jiajun were saved by another group's firefighters. Many people said thanks to Huang and his teammates. Huang said that he and his teammates were all proud of being firefighters because they could keep people safe.1. The underlined word“it”refers to________.A. the raftB. the heavy rainC. Jiajun's houseD. bridge2. There were________ people in the raft.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five3. What did Huang Yifei do when little Jiajun grabbed the small tree?A. He grabbed it too.B. He swam away.C. He went down under water.D. He swam in water.三、任务型阅读（5分）（2016舟山模拟）请给下文各段找出最合适的小标题（注意有一项为多余选项）。