土木工程专业英语讲稿Lesson_1 Civil Engineering
1.专业英语课件Civil Engineering
土木工程专业英语
Introduction to Civil Engineering
Civil engineering takes place at all levels：in the public sector from municipal to federal levels, and in the private sector from individual homeowners to international companies. 土木工程存在于几乎所有领域（土木工程覆盖了各行各业）： 在公共事业上，从市政到联邦；在私人领域，从个体业主到跨国公 司。 Engineering has been one part of life since the existence of human beings. 从人类存在以后，工程已经成为了人类生活的一部分。 The earliest practices of civil engineering may appear between 4000 BC and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia when human beings started to abandon a nomadic existence, thus causing a need for the construction of shelter. 人类最早的土木工程大约出现在公元前4000年到2000年的古埃及 和米索不达米亚，那时人类开始放弃游牧生活方式，需要有作为庇 护所的建筑。
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design,construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment,including works such as bridges,roads,canals,dams and buildings. 土木工程是一门针对设计、施工以及自然建筑环境维 护的专业工程学科，它包括桥梁、道路、河流、水坝以 及建筑工程。
土木工程专业英语(翻译)课件.
给钢束灌浆通常跟随孔道畅通无阻之后。
钢束灌浆之前，孔道应畅通无阻。
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1.1.2 翻译的标准
“信”与“达”是辨证统一的：
“信”是“达”的基础，不忠实的译文再通顺也无 意义；
“达”是“信”的保证，不通顺的译文会影响译文 的质量。
“信”与“达”相结合的原则。
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1.1.3 翻译的过程
在经济的发展中，修建现代化道路的重要性不能过分估计。 在经济发展中，修建现代化道路的重要性无论怎么估计也 不过分。
can not + over = can not … too…无论如何…也不过分.
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1.1.2 翻译的标准
2. A novel solution to car which runs out of control into
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Байду номын сангаас
1.1.1 翻译的任务
专业英语的翻译就要求翻译者在英语、汉语和专
业知识等方面都具有良好的素质和修养。
从某种意义上说，专业英语的翻译同文学类的英 语翻译一样，也是一个再创作的过程。
需要掌握翻译的方法和技巧，不断提高语言文字 水平以及文化、专业知识水平，并在实践中不断 地磨练。
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bridge abutments and the like has become popular in
North America although not yet in Europe.
对于汽车失去控制撞到墩柱上等等类似的问题，尽管在欧洲 还未找到解决的办法，然而在北美已经有了新的很普遍的解 决办法.
土木工程专业英语(Civil Engineering)课件-翻译
It is this kind of steel that the construction worksite
needs most urgently．
建筑工地最急需的正是这种钢。
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It is these drawbacks which need to be eliminated and which have led to the search for new methods of construction.
它们主要用于大型水坝，在大坝中他们能减少水泥硬化时 释放出的热量。
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限定性定语从句有时在翻译时可压缩成宾语、谓 语、表语和同位语。
Soft-rock tunnel has its main characteristic as the tunnel process which need no explosives.
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英语中有大量从动词派生的名词和具有动作意味的名
词，这类名词在英译汉时常能转译成动词。
In spite of the growth of other kinds of transport,
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1.句子的结构： c.英语复合句结构→汉语不同的复合结构。
This place is really beautiful, and many people
土木工程专业英语 Introduction of Civil Engineering
Civil engineers design and construct buildings, railways, roads, bridges, tunnels, harbors, water and sewage systems, and other public facilities. 土木工程师设计并建造房屋、铁路、道路、桥梁、隧 道、港口、给水和污水系统以及其他公共设备。 5.harbor （harbour） n.海港，港口，港湾 e.g. At that time, our ship was tied up at this harbor. 当时，我们的船停靠在 这个港口。 6.sewage system 排污系统 The efficient planning of water supply and irrigation systems increases the food production in a country. 供水及灌溉系统的合理设计会提高一个地区粮食的产量。
Pre-reading ANSWERS: 1. major; construction(buildings, railways, roads, bridges, tunnels, harbors, water and sewage systems, and other public facilities); to provide a comfortable life for the people. 2. Transportation engineering; environment engineering; pipeline engineering ...
詹天佑（Jeme Tien Yow）
（1861.4.26-1919.4.24）
大学土木工程专业英语教材
大学土木工程专业英语教材[正文]Chapter 1: Introduction to Civil EngineeringIn this chapter, we will provide an overview of civil engineering as a discipline. Topics covered will include the history of civil engineering, its role in society, and the various sub-disciplines within the field.1.1 Definition of Civil EngineeringCivil engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the built environment, including roads, bridges, buildings, and infrastructure. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety, functionality, and sustainability of our cities and communities.1.2 History of Civil EngineeringCivil engineering has a rich history dating back to ancient civilizations. From early engineering marvels such as the Pyramids of Egypt to the Roman aqueducts, significant advancements in construction techniques and materials have shaped the field over time.1.3 Role of Civil EngineersCivil engineers are responsible for planning, designing, and overseeing construction projects. They collaborate with architects, urban planners, and other professionals to ensure that infrastructure projects are safe, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable.1.4 Sub-disciplines of Civil EngineeringCivil engineering encompasses various sub-disciplines, including structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, environmental engineering, and water resources engineering. Each sub-discipline focuses on specific aspects of the built environment and requires specialized knowledge and skills.Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Civil Engineering MaterialsThis chapter will introduce students to the fundamental properties and behavior of materials commonly used in civil engineering projects. Topics covered will include the properties of concrete, steel, asphalt, and timber, as well as testing methods and quality control.2.1 Properties of ConcreteConcrete is a versatile and widely used construction material. In this section, students will learn about the composition of concrete, its strength and durability, and the factors that affect its performance.2.2 Properties of SteelSteel is essential in the construction industry due to its high strength and ductility. This section will cover the properties of structural steel, its various forms, and its applications in building and bridge construction.2.3 Properties of AsphaltAsphalt is commonly used in road construction due to its flexibility and durability. Students will study the properties of asphalt, including its viscosity, temperature susceptibility, and resistance to aging and deformation.2.4 Properties of TimberTimber has been used in construction for centuries. This section will explore the properties of timber, including its strength, moisture content, and susceptibility to decay, as well as its sustainability and potential environmental impact.2.5 Material Testing and Quality ControlEnsuring the quality and performance of construction materials is essential. Students will learn about various testing methods for assessing the properties of materials and the importance of quality control in civil engineering projects.Chapter 3: Structural Analysis and DesignStructural analysis and design are critical aspects of civil engineering. This chapter will introduce students to the principles and methods used in analyzing and designing structures, including beams, columns, and trusses.3.1 Statics and Mechanics of MaterialsStudents will first develop a solid understanding of statics and mechanics of materials, which form the foundation for structural analysis and design. Topics covered will include forces, moments, equilibrium, stress, and strain.3.2 Analysis of Determinate StructuresIn this section, students will learn how to analyze determinate structures, such as beams and frames, using methods such as the method of sections and the method of joint.3.3 Analysis of Indeterminate StructuresIndeterminate structures, which have more unknowns than available equations, require more advanced analysis methods. Students will be introduced to techniques such as the force method and the displacement method for analyzing indeterminate structures.3.4 Structural DesignThis section will cover the principles of structural design, including the selection of appropriate materials, load calculations, and the design of structural elements to ensure safety and stability.Chapter 4: Geotechnical EngineeringGeotechnical engineering focuses on the behavior of soils and rocks and their interaction with structures. This chapter will introduce students to geotechnical site investigations, soil mechanics, and foundation design principles.4.1 Geotechnical Site InvestigationsBefore any construction can take place, a thorough site investigation is necessary. Students will learn about various methods for assessing soil and rock conditions, including borehole logging, field testing, and laboratory testing.4.2 Soil MechanicsSoil mechanics is concerned with the behavior of soils under different loading conditions. This section will cover fundamental concepts such as soil classification, soil compaction, permeability, and consolidation.4.3 Foundation DesignThe design of foundations is critical for ensuring the stability and safety of structures. Students will be introduced to different types of foundations, including shallow foundations and deep foundations, and the design considerations for each.4.4 Slope Stability AnalysisSlope stability analysis is essential for evaluating the stability of natural and man-made slopes. This section will cover various methods for assessing slope stability and mitigating potential failures.Chapter 5: Transportation EngineeringTransportation engineering focuses on the planning, design, and operation of transportation systems. This chapter will cover topics such as traffic engineering, highway design, and public transportation planning.5.1 Traffic EngineeringTraffic engineering involves the analysis and management of traffic flow and the design of transportation facilities to ensure safe and efficient movement of vehicles and pedestrians. Students will learn about traffic studies, capacity analysis, and traffic signal design.5.2 Highway DesignHighway design encompasses the layout and geometric design of roadways to accommodate varying traffic volumes and vehicle types. This section will cover topics such as roadway alignment, intersection design, and pavement design.5.3 Public Transportation PlanningPublic transportation plays a crucial role in urban mobility. Students will be introduced to the principles of public transportation planning, including route planning, transit scheduling, and demand forecasting.Chapter 6: Environmental EngineeringEnvironmental engineering addresses the challenges of protecting and improving the environment. This chapter will cover topics such as water and wastewater treatment, air pollution control, and solid waste management.6.1 Water and Wastewater TreatmentAccess to clean water and proper wastewater treatment are essential for public health and environmental sustainability. Students will learn about different treatment processes and technologies used in water and wastewater treatment plants.6.2 Air Pollution ControlAir pollution poses significant risks to human health and the environment. This section will cover the sources and effects of air pollution, as well as various techniques for its control, including emission controls and air quality monitoring.6.3 Solid Waste ManagementProper solid waste management is necessary to minimize environmental impacts and promote recycling and resource recovery. Students will be introduced to waste collection, disposal, and recycling methods, as well as landfill design and management.ConclusionThis comprehensive English textbook for undergraduate civil engineering students covers a wide range of topics essential to the study of this discipline. From the fundamentals of civil engineering materials to structural analysis, geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, and environmental engineering, students will gain a solid foundation in the core principles and practices of their field.。
同济大学出版社土木工程专业英语_Unit_1
• The Egyptians built causeways and roads for transporting stone from the quarries to the Nile. The large blocks of stone that were erected by the Egyptians were moved by using levers, inclined planes, rollers, and sledges. • 为了从采石场向尼罗河运输石材埃及人建造 了长堤和道路。由埃及人竖设的大块石头通 过使用拉杆、斜平面、滚子和雪橇来移动。
• 古埃及人用最简单的机械原理和装置建造了许多至今仍矗立的庙 宇和金字塔，包括吉萨大金字塔和在卡纳克的Amon-Ra的寺庙。 这个大金字塔，481英尺（146.6 米）高，由2250000个石块组成， 石块的平均重量超过1.5吨（1.4 吨）。建造如此的纪念性建筑使 用了大量的人力。埃及人也作了一些重达1000吨(900吨)的石头的 大块切割的方尖塔。硬青铜的切削刀具在其中pt the simplest mechanical principles and devices were used to construct many temples and pyramids that are still standing, including the great pyramid at Giza and the temple of Amon-Ra at Karnak. The great pyramid, 481 feet(146.6 meters)high, is made of 2.25 million stone blocks having an average weight of more than 1.5tons (1.4 metric tons). Great numbers of men were used in the construction of such monuments. The Egyptians also made obelisks by cutting huge blocks of stone, some weighing as much as 1000 tons (900 metric tons). Cutting tools of hard bronze were used.
Lesson 1 Civil Engineering
Lesson 1 Civil Engineering一、New Words:1.Civil [N] 土木[ˋsɪ v!]2.Environment [N] 环境[ɪnˋvaɪrənmənt]3.Scientific [adj] 科学的[͵saɪənˋtɪfɪk]4.irrigation [N] 灌溉[͵ɪrəˋgeʃən]5. drainage [N] 排水; 放水[ˋdrenɪdʒ]6.Rocket-launching [N] 火箭发射[ˋlɑntʃɪŋ]二、paragraph [n] [ˋpærə͵græf ]Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the土木工程: (同位语最古老的特别工程) ,planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment.计划, 设计, 建构, 管理建筑环境。
This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.这个依据科学原则建构所有环境的结构, 从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。
二、New Words:1.bridges桥梁[N] [brɪdʒ]2. tunnel隧道[N] [ˋtʌn!]3.dams 水坝[N] [dæm]4. harbor 港湾[N] [ˋhɑr-bɚ]5. power plants 发电厂[N]6. Sewage 污水[N]KK['sʊɪdʒ]7. privately 私下地[adj] [ˋpraɪ-vɪt-lɪ]8. Skyscrapers 摩天楼[N] KK[ˋskaɪ͵skrepɚ]9. industrial 工业的[adj] KK[ɪnˋdʌs-trɪəl]10. commercial 商业的[adj] KK[kəˋmɝʃəl]11. residential 住宅的[adj] KK[͵rɛzəˋdɛnʃəl]12. essential 必要的[adj] KK[ɪˋsɛnʃəl]三、paragraphCivil engineers built roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbos, Power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, Mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern societyand large population concentration.土木工程在建构铁路，桥梁，隧道，大坝，港湾，发电厂，水力与污水设施，医院，学校，大众运输系统和其它公共设施配合发展现代化社会与大量人口集中。
土木工程专业英语Lesson 1 Civil Engineering
[dʒi:əu'teknikəl]
Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project．
岩土工程专家要做土工试验以确定该土是否 能承受这项工程的重量。
对于任何给定的工程，土木工程师都能广泛地利用计算机。
Computers are used to design the project’s various elements (computer-aided design，or CAD) and to manage it．
计算机被用来设计工程的各个部分并进行管理。
Depending on the type of project，the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed．
根据工程的类型，就需要土木工程师专家的各种 技能。
Scope
When a project begins，the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement-water，sewer，and power lines． 当一项工程开始时，土木工程师要勘测现场并绘图， 他们还要确定水管、污水管道和电线的实用布置。
土木工程专业英语完整版本
The engineering marvels of the world, starting from the pyramids to today’s shell structure, are the results of the development in civil engineering.
他们还要确定合适的材料组合，包括钢材、混凝土、塑料、石头、 沥青、砖、铝及其它建筑材
Most structural engineer work for apartment or public construction and factory constructions.
大多数结构工程师从事公寓建筑、公共建筑和厂房建筑工作。
除了仅仅作为住处之外，由土木工程师建造的住处提供了一个和 平而舒适的生活。
Since then, the term civil engineer has often been to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader.
从那时起，土木工程师这个词用来指建设公共设施的工程师，尽 管这一领域非常广阔。
Contents
The scope of civil engineering is broad, depending on the type of the project and the skills needed.
土木工程的范围很广，这取决于项目的类型及所需的技术。
这些工程师要分析支撑结构和影响结构性能的土壤及岩石的性能。 They evaluate and work to minimize the potential settlement of buildings and other structures, which stems from the pressure of their weight on the earth. 他们评估并采取措施使建筑物和其他结构的重量对地面的压力引 起的潜在的沉降最小化。
土木工程专业英语介绍ppt课件
• civil engineering 土木工程 • design of building and civil engineering
structures • steel structure • building engineering • Slab-colume system • Frame structure 工程结构设计 钢结构 房屋建筑工程 板柱结构 框架结构
road and bridge(道路与桥梁) Employment oriented: the road transport department, engaged in road, city road, bridge and tunnel engineering exploration and design, test, maintenance and repair technology and management.
rock-soil（岩土） Classification: industry and civil architecture (工业和民用建筑)
road and bridge(道路与桥梁)
geotechnical engineering（岩土工程）
Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering, is the application of engineering geology, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, rock soil engineering to solve a technical problem of all kinds of Engineering science. According to the construction phases, work content can be divided into: geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering monitoring, geotechnical engineering testing.
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Lesson 1 Civil EngineeringCivil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程, 最古老的工程专业, 是关于建筑环境的规划、设计、施工和管理。
它包括根据科学原理建造所有的结构物, 如灌溉和排水系统和火箭发射设施。
Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations．土木工程师筑路、架桥、修建隧道、大坝、港口、发电站、给排水系统、医院、学校、公交系统, 以及现代社会和人口密集区域所必需的其他公共设施。
They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use．他们也修建私有设施, 如机场、铁路、管线、高楼大厦以及为工业、商业、民用设计的其他大型建筑。
In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities．此外, 土木工程师规划、设计和建设整个城市、乡镇；最近已经开始规划和设计空间站以容纳独立的（科研）团体。
The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen．“土木”这个词是从拉丁语“citizen”派生而来。
In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time．1782年, 英国人约翰·史密顿用这个术语来区分非军事工程项目和当时占主导地位的军事工程项目。
Since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader．此后, 土木工程这个词常被用来指工程师们修建的那些公共设施, 尽管这个领域比以前更广。
Scope 范围Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties．因为土木工程范围宽泛, 所以它被细分为许多技术专业。
Depending on the type of project, the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed．根据工程的类型, 土木工程师专家需要具有多种技能。
When a project begins, the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement--water, sewer, and power lines．当一项工程开始时, 土木工程师要勘测现场并绘图, 他们还要确定上下水管道和布置电线。
Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project．岩土工程专家要做土工试验以确定该土是否能承受结构自重。
Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area：the potential for air and groundwater pollution, the project’s impact on local animal and plant life, and how the project can be designed to meet government requirements aimed at protecting the environment．环境工程专家要研究工程对当地的影响：对空气和地下水潜在的污染, 工程对当地动物、植被的影响, 以及工程怎样设计才能满足政府对环保的要求。
Transportation specialists determine what kind of facilities are needed to ease the burden on local roads and other transportation networks that will result from the completed project．交通运输专家要确定需用什么类型的设施来减轻由已建工程对当地道路和其他运输网路带来的压力。
Meanwhile, structural specialists use preliminary data to make detailed designs, plans, and specifications for the project．同时, 结构专家要用基本数据来做详细设计、规划和说明。
Supervising and coordinating the work of these civil engineer specialists, from beginning to end of the project, are the construction management specialists．从工程开始到结束, 监督和协调这些土木工程专家工作的是施工管理专家。
Based on information supplied by the other specialists, construction management civil engineers estimate quantities and costs of materials and labor, schedule all work, order materials and equipment for the job, hire contractors and subcontractors, and perform other supervisory work to ensure the project is completed on time and as specified．根据其他专家提供的信息, 施工管理工程师要估算材料、劳动力的数量和成本, 安排所有的工作, 订购所需的材料、设备, 雇承包商和转包人, 以及做其他的监督管理工作以确保工程能按照设计按时完工。
Throughout any given project, civil engineers make extensive use of computers．对于任何工程, 土木工程师都广泛地使用计算机。
Computers are used to design the project’s various elements (computer-aided design, or CAD) and to manage it．用计算机来设计工程的各个部分并进行管理。
Computers are a necessity for the modern civil engineer because they permit the engineer to efficiently handle the large quantities of data needed in determining the best way to construct a project．对于现代土木工程师而言计算机是必不可少的, 它们可使工程师高效地处理大量数据以便确定最优施工方案。
Structural engineering 结构工程In this specialty, civil engineers plan and design structures of all types, including bridges, dams, power plants, supports for equipment, special structures for offshore projects, the United States space program, transmission towers, giant astronomical and radio telescopes, and many other kinds of projects．在这个专业里面, 土木工程师规划和设计所有类型的结构, 包括桥梁、大坝、电站、设备的支撑、近海工程的特殊结构、美国的太空项目、发射塔、巨型天文望远镜和射电望远镜以及其他工程。