2011年联合国人类发展报告

1HDI rankHumanDevelopmentIndex (HDI)ValueLife expectancyat birth(years)Mean years ofschooling(years)Expected yearsof schooling(years)Gross nationalincome (GNI)per capita(constant 2005PPP $)GNI per capita rankminus HDI rankNonincomeHDIValue 201120112011a2011a201120112011VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT1Norway0.94381.112.617.347,55760.975 2Australia0.92981.912.018.034,431160.979 3Netherlands0.91080.711.6 b16.836,40290.944 4United States0.91078.512.416.043,01760.931 5New Zealand0.90880.712.518.023,737300.978 6Canada0.90881.012.1 b16.035,166100.944 7Ireland0.90880.611.618.029,322190.959 8Liechtenstein0.90579.610.3 c14.783,717 d–60.877 9Germany0.90580.412.2 b15.934,85480.940 10Sweden0.90481.411.7 b15.735,83740.936 11Switzerland0.90382.311.0 b15.639,92400.926 12Japan0.90183.411.6 b15.132,295110.940 13Hong Kong, China (SAR)0.89882.810.015.744,805–40.910 14Iceland0.89881.810.418.029,354110.943 15Korea, Republic of0.89780.611.6 b16.928,230120.945 16Denmark0.89578.811.4 b16.934,34730.926 17Israel0.88881.611.915.525,849140.939 18Belgium0.88680.010.9 b16.133,35720.914 19Austria0.88580.910.8 b15.335,719–40.908 20France0.88481.510.6 b16.130,46240.919 21Slovenia0.88479.311.6 b16.924,914110.935 22Finland0.88280.010.316.832,43800.911 23Spain0.87881.410.4 b16.626,50860.920 24Italy0.87481.910.1 b16.326,48460.914 25Luxembourg0.86780.010.113.350,557–200.854 26Singapore0.86681.18.8 b14.4 e52,569–220.851 27Czech Republic0.86577.712.315.621,405140.917 28United Kingdom0.86380.29.316.133,296–70.879 29Greece0.86179.910.1 b16.523,74750.902 30United Arab Emirates0.84676.59.313.359,993–270.813 31Cyprus0.84079.69.814.724,84120.866 32Andorra0.83880.910.4 f11.536,095 g–190.836 33Brunei Darussalam0.83878.08.614.145,753–250.819 34Estonia0.83574.812.015.716,799130.890 35Slovakia0.83475.411.614.919,99880.875 36Malta0.83279.69.914.421,46040.866 37Qatar0.83178.47.312.0107,721–360.757 38Hungary0.81674.411.1 b15.316,581110.862 39Poland0.81376.110.0 b15.317,45170.853 40Lithuania0.81072.210.916.116,234100.853 41Portugal0.80979.57.715.920,57310.833 42Bahrain0.80675.19.413.428,169–140.806 43Latvia0.80573.311.5 b15.014,293120.857 44Chile0.80579.19.714.713,329140.862 45Argentina0.79775.99.315.814,52790.843 46Croatia0.79676.69.8 b13.915,72950.834 47Barbados0.79376.89.313.4 h17,966–30.818 HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT48Uruguay0.78377.08.5 b15.513,242120.828 49Palau0.78271.812.1 i14.79,744 j,k290.853 50Romania0.78174.010.414.911,046200.841 51Cuba0.77679.19.917.55,416 l520.904 52Seychelles0.77373.69.4 m13.316,729–40.794 53Bahamas0.77175.68.5 m12.023,029 n–150.768 54Montenegro0.77174.610.613.7 h10,361 o200.831 55Bulgaria0.77173.410.6 b13.711,412140.822 56Saudi Arabia0.77073.97.813.723,274–190.765 57Mexico0.77077.08.513.913,24520.808 Human Development Index and its components1human development Index and its componentsHDI rankHumanDevelopmentIndex (HDI)ValueLife expectancyat birth(years)Mean years ofschooling(years)Expected yearsof schooling(years)Gross nationalincome (GNI)per capita(constant 2005PPP $)GNI per capita rankminus HDI rankNonincomeHDIValue201120112011a2011a201120112011 58Panama0.76876.19.413.212,33570.811 59Serbia0.76674.510.2 b13.710,236160.824 60Antigua and Barbuda0.76472.68.9 h14.015,521–80.786 61Malaysia0.76174.29.512.613,685–50.790 62Trinidad and Tobago0.76070.19.212.323,439 p–260.750 63Kuwait0.76074.6 6.112.347,926–570.705 64Libya0.76074.87.316.612,637 q00.795 65Belarus0.75670.39.3 r14.613,439–80.785 66Russian Federation0.75568.89.814.114,561–130.777 67Grenada0.74876.08.616.06,982300.829 68Kazakhstan0.74567.010.415.110,58540.786 69Costa Rica0.74479.38.311.710,49740.785 70Albania0.73976.910.411.37,803180.804 71Lebanon0.73972.67.9 m13.813,076–100.760 72Saint Kitts and Nevis0.73573.18.412.911,897–40.762 73Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of0.73574.47.6 b14.210,656–20.771 74Bosnia and Herzegovina0.73375.78.7 r13.67,664160.797 75Georgia0.73373.712.1 r13.14,780360.843 76Ukraine0.72968.511.314.76,175240.810 77Mauritius0.72873.47.213.612,918–140.745 78Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia0.72874.88.2 r13.38,80420.776 79Jamaica0.72773.19.613.86,487190.802 80Peru0.72574.08.712.98,38920.775 81Dominica0.72477.57.7 m13.27,88960.779 82Saint Lucia0.72374.68.313.18,27320.773 83Ecuador0.72075.67.614.07,58990.776 84Brazil0.71873.57.213.810,162–70.748 85Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.71772.38.613.28,01310.766 86Armenia0.71674.210.812.05,188220.806 87Colombia0.71073.77.313.68,315–40.752 88Iran, Islamic Republic of0.70773.07.312.710,164–120.731 89Oman0.70573.0 5.5 m11.822,841–500.671 90Tonga0.70472.310.3 b13.74,186260.808 91Azerbaijan0.70070.78.6 m11.88,666–100.733 92Turkey0.69974.0 6.511.812,246–250.704 93Belize0.69976.18.0 b12.45,81290.766 94Tunisia0.69874.5 6.514.57,28120.745 MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT95Jordan0.69873.48.613.15,30090.773 96Algeria0.69873.17.013.67,658–50.739 97Sri Lanka0.69174.98.212.74,943120.768 98Dominican Republic0.68973.47.2 b11.98,087–130.720 99Samoa0.68872.410.3 m12.33,931 s220.788 100Fiji0.68869.210.7 b13.04,145180.781 101China0.68773.57.511.67,476–70.725 102Turkmenistan0.68665.09.9 i12.5 h7,306–70.724 103Thailand0.68274.1 6.612.37,694–140.714 104Suriname0.68070.67.2 r12.67,538–110.712 105El Salvador0.67472.27.512.15,925–40.724 106Gabon0.67462.77.513.112,249–400.667 107Paraguay0.66572.57.712.14,72750.729 108Bolivia, Plurinational State of0.66366.69.213.74,054110.742 109Maldives0.66176.8 5.8 b12.45,276–30.714 110Mongolia0.65368.58.314.13,391170.743 111Moldova, Republic of0.64969.39.711.93,058210.746 112Philippines0.64468.78.9 b11.93,478110.725 113Egypt0.64473.2 6.411.05,269–60.686 114Occupied Palestinian Territory0.64172.88.0 m12.72,656 k,t230.750 115Uzbekistan0.64168.310.0 r11.42,967190.736 116Micronesia, Federated States of0.63669.08.8 i12.1 u2,935 v190.729 117Guyana0.63369.98.011.93,192110.715 118Botswana0.63353.28.912.213,049–560.602table1human development Index and its componentsHDI rankHuman Development Index (HDI)ValueLife expectancyat birth (years)Mean years of schooling (years)Expected years of schooling (years)Gross national income (GNI) per capita (constant 2005PPP $)GNI per capita rank minus HDI rankNonincomeHDI Value 201120112011a2011a201120112011119Syrian Arab Republic 0.63275.9 5.7 b11.34,243–50.686120Namibia 0.62562.57.411.66,206–210.643121Honduras 0.62573.1 6.511.43,44340.694122Kiribati 0.62468.17.812.13,14080.701123South Africa 0.61952.88.5 b 13.19,469–440.604124Indonesia 0.61769.4 5.813.23,716–20.674125Vanuatu 0.61771.0 6.710.43,950–50.668126Kyrgyzstan 0.61567.79.312.52,036190.734127Tajikistan 0.60767.59.811.41,937200.726128Viet Nam 0.59375.2 5.510.42,80580.662129Nicaragua 0.58974.0 5.810.82,430100.669130Morocco 0.58272.2 4.410.34,196–150.606131Guatemala 0.57471.2 4.110.64,167–140.595132Iraq0.57369.0 5.69.83,177–30.616133Cape Verde 0.56874.2 3.5 i 11.63,402–70.603134India 0.54765.4 4.410.33,468–100.568135Ghana0.54164.27.110.51,584200.633136Equatorial Guinea 0.53751.1 5.4 r 7.717,608–910.458137Congo0.53357.4 5.910.53,066–60.555138Lao People’s Democratic Republic 0.52467.5 4.69.22,24240.569139Cambodia 0.52363.1 5.89.81,848110.584140Swaziland 0.52248.77.110.64,484–270.512141Bhutan 0.52267.2 2.3 r 11.05,293–360.500LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 142Solomon Islands 0.51067.9 4.5 i 9.11,782100.567143Kenya0.50957.17.011.01,492150.584144São Tomé and Príncipe 0.50964.7 4.2 i 10.81,79270.564145Pakistan 0.50465.4 4.9 6.92,550–70.526146Bangladesh 0.50068.9 4.88.11,529110.566147Timor-Leste 0.49562.5 2.8 i 11.23,005–140.499148Angola 0.48651.1 4.4 r 9.14,874–380.455149Myanmar 0.48365.2 4.09.21,53570.536150Cameroon 0.48251.6 5.910.32,031–40.509151Madagascar0.48066.7 5.2 i 10.7824260.605152Tanzania, United Republic of 0.46658.2 5.19.11,328100.523153Papua New Guinea 0.46662.8 4.3 5.82,271–120.475154Yemen 0.46265.5 2.58.62,213–110.471155Senegal 0.45959.3 4.57.51,708–20.488156Nigeria 0.45951.9 5.0 r 8.92,069–120.471157Nepal 0.45868.8 3.28.81,16080.524158Haiti0.45462.1 4.97.6 u 1,123120.520159Mauritania 0.45358.6 3.78.11,859–100.472160Lesotho 0.45048.2 5.9 b 9.91,664–60.475161Uganda 0.44654.1 4.710.81,12470.506162Togo 0.43557.1 5.39.6798160.526163Comoros 0.43361.1 2.8 i 10.71,07990.488164Zambia 0.43049.0 6.57.91,25400.469165Djibouti 0.43057.9 3.8 r 5.12,335–250.420166Rwanda 0.42955.4 3.311.11,13310.477167Benin 0.42756.1 3.39.21,364–60.456168Gambia 0.42058.5 2.89.01,282–50.450169Sudan0.40861.5 3.1 4.41,894–210.402170Côte d'Ivoire 0.40055.4 3.3 6.31,387 p –100.412171Malawi 0.40054.2 4.28.975380.470172Afghanistan 0.39848.7 3.39.11,416–130.407173Zimbabwe 0.37651.47.29.9376 n 110.529174Ethiopia 0.36359.3 1.5 i 8.597100.383175Mali0.35951.4 2.0 b 8.31,123–60.366176Guinea-Bissau 0.35348.1 2.3 r 9.1994–30.366177Eritrea 0.34961.6 3.4 4.853660.421178Guinea0.34454.1 1.6 w 8.6863–20.364179Central African Republic0.34348.43.56.670720.3791human development Index and its componentsHDI rankHumanDevelopmentIndex (HDI)ValueLife expectancyat birth(years)Mean years ofschooling(years)Expected yearsof schooling(years)Gross nationalincome (GNI)per capita(constant 2005PPP $)GNI per capita rankminus HDI rankNonincomeHDIValue201120112011a2011a201120112011180Sierra Leone0.33647.8 2.97.273700.365181Burkina Faso0.33155.4 1.3 r 6.31,141–150.323182Liberia0.32956.8 3.911.026550.504183Chad0.32849.6 1.5 i7.21,105–120.320184Mozambique0.32250.2 1.29.2898–90.325185Burundi0.31650.4 2.710.536800.412186Niger0.29554.7 1.4 4.9641–40.311187Congo, Democratic Republic of the0.28648.4 3.58.2280–10.399 OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIESKorea, Democratic People’s Rep. of..68.8..........Marshall Islands..72.09.8 i10.8....0.752 Monaco..82.2..17.5......Nauru..79.9..9.3......San Marino..81.8..........Somalia..51.2.. 2.4......Tuvalu..67.2..10.8...... Human Development Index groupsVery high human development0.88980.011.315.933,352—0.918 High human development0.74173.18.513.611,579—0.769 Medium human development0.63069.7 6.311.25,276—0.658 Low human development0.45658.7 4.28.31,585—0.478 RegionsArab States0.64170.5 5.910.28,554—0.643 East Asia and the Pacific0.67172.47.211.76,466—0.709 Europe and Central Asia0.75171.39.713.412,004—0.785 Latin America and the Caribbean0.73174.47.813.610,119—0.767 South Asia0.54865.9 4.69.83,435—0.569 Sub-Saharan Africa0.46354.4 4.59.21,966—0.467 Least developed countries0.43959.1 3.78.31,327—0.467 Small island developing states0.64069.67.310.85,200—0.675 World0.68269.87.411.310,082—0.683 NOTESa. Data refer to 2011 or the most recent year available.b. Updated by HDRO based on UNESCO (2011) data.c. Assumes the same adult mean years of schooling as Switzerland before the most recent update.d. Estimated using the purchasing power parity (PPP) and projected growth rate of Switzerland.e. Calculated by the Singapore Ministry of Education.f. Assumes the same adult mean years of schooling as Spain before the most recent update.g. Estimated using the PPP and projected growth rate of Spain.h. Based on cross-country regression.i. Based on data on years of schooling of adults from household surveys from World Bank (2010).j. Based on UNESCAP (2011) and UNDESA (2011) projected growth rates.k. Based on unpublished estimates from the World Bank.l. PPP estimate based on cross-country regression; projected growth rate based on ECLAC (2011) andUNDESA (2011) projected growth rates.m. Based on UNESCO (2011) estimates of education attainment distribution.n. Based on PPP data from IMF (2011).o. Based on EBRD (2011) and UNDESA (2011) projected growth rates.p. Based on World Bank (2011b).q. Based on OECD and others (2011) and UNDESA (2011) projected growth rates.r. Based on data from UNICEF (2000–2010).s. Based on ADB (2011) projected growth rate.t. Based on UNESCWA (2011) and UNDESA (2011) projected growth rates.u. Refers to primary and secondary education only. United Nations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganization Institute for Statistics estimate.v. Based on ADB (2011) and UNDESA (2011) projected growth rates.w. Based on data from ICF Macro (2011).DEFINITIONSHuman Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basicdimensions of human development—a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living.See Technical note 1 for details on how the HDI is calculated.Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns ofage-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infant’s life.Mean years of schooling: Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older,converted from education attainment levels using official durations of each level.Expected years of schooling: Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age canexpect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the child’s life.Gross national income (GNI) per capita: Aggregate income of an economy generated by its productionand its ownership of factors of production, less the incomes paid for the use of factors of productionowned by the rest of the world, converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity (PPP)rates, divided by midyear population.GNI per capita rank minus HDI rank: Difference in rankings by GNI per capita and by the HDI. A negativevalue means that the country is better ranked by GNI than by the HDI.Nonincome HDI: Value of the HDI computed from the life expectancy and education indicators only.MAIN DATA SOURCESColumn 1: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2011), Barro and Lee (2010b), UNESCOInstitute for Statistics (2011), World Bank (2011a), UNSD (2011) and IMF (2011).Column 2: UNDESA (2011).Column 3: HDRO updates of Barro and Lee (2010b) estimates based on UNESCO Institute for Statisticsdata on education attainment (2011) and Barro and Lee (2010a) methodology.Column 4: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2011).Column 5: HDRO calculations based on data from World Bank (2011a), IMF (2011) and UNSD (2011).Column 6: Calculated based on data in columns 1 and 5.Column 7: Calculated based on data in columns 2, 3 and 4.。