美国政治制度英文

合集下载

美国政治制度英文

美国政治制度英文

美国政治制度英文The Political System of the United StatesThe United States of America is known for its unique political system that has shaped the country's history and governing principles. The foundation of the political system is based on the Constitution, which was adopted in 1787 and has served as a guiding document for over two centuries.The U.S. political system is characterized by its federal structure, with power divided between the federal government and the fifty individual states. This system was created to ensure a balance of power and to protect the rights of both the federal government and the states. The federal government is responsible for national issues such as defense, foreign policy, and trade, while the states have authority over issues such as education, healthcare, and transportation.At the federal level, power is divided into three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The executive branch is headed by the President, who is elected by the people for a four-year term. The President is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws, as well as making key decisions on domestic and foreign policy. The legislative branch consists of the Congress, which is composed of two houses – the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress is responsible for making laws, approving the federal budget, and representing the interests of the American people. The judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court and other federal courts, which are responsible for interpreting the laws and ensuring their constitutionality.The U.S. political system is also known for its two-party system, consisting of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. While there are other political parties in the country, these two parties dominate the political landscape. Elections are held regularly to choose political leaders at all levels – from the President to local officials. The process of electing the President is unique, as it involves an electoral college system rather than a direct popular vote. This system ensures that small states have a say in the election process, as each state is allocated a number of electoral votes based on its representation in Congress.In addition to the division of powers, the U.S. political system guarantees certain rights and freedoms to its citizens. These rights are outlined in the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments to the Constitution, and include freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. It also guarantees due process of law and protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.The United States' political system has faced many challenges throughout its history, but it has proven resilient and adaptable. Its federal structure and separation of powers have promoted checks and balances, preventing any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. The two-party system ensures a diversity of viewpoints and promotes competition within the political system. In conclusion, the political system of the United States is characterized by its federal structure, separation of powers, and two-party system. It is built on the principles of the Constitution, which guarantees rights and freedoms to its citizens. Despite itschallenges, the U.S. political system has been instrumental in shaping the country's history and promoting democratic governance.。

美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍

美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍

美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍篇一:美国政治制度的英语作文The United State political systemAs far as I am concerned, I believe that the Constitutional federal republish of The United State is democratic. The United State federal system pursues the principe of “Checks and Balan ces”. The American constitution required that the state authority consisted of legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch , which was parallel to others and restricted others. The Congress consists of the House and the Senate. Each state has two senators despite the population, which ensures that the small states have an equal power in one of the houses of Congress. The House of Representatives are elected according to the proportion of the population states. The main duty of the Congress is to make laws. Only when the House and the Senate vote and pass the bill and then send it to the president for his signature, can it become a law. The chief executive of the United State is the president.He is head of government, commander–in–chief of the armed forces and chief of state. The president is elected by the citizens and he has to be responsible for them. The president can veto the law that the Congressproposes. However,Congress can enact the law despite the president’s views only if two thirds of the members of both houses vote in favour of it. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court. The judges are appointed by the president. The judges can have lifelong tenure if they do not commit a crime.In my opinion, I think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the United State are democratic. Thomas Jefferson ever said“As far as I understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. The American system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.However, the American system has also existed disadvantages. I think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in American society. A 18‐year‐old black youth named Michael Brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in Missouri, America on August 9th 2014. whichcaused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. When the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on November 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in America. This issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. Unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.Different from the America, China carried out the system of people’s congress, which fits our country’s situation. In political parties, America has two‐party system but China insists an single‐party system. I think that Chinese system has high efficiency in a short time but has poor long‐term stability, because of lacking power supervision. Instead, American system has low efficiency in short‐term but has high efficiency for a long time. Therefore, we can not say the Chinese system is superior to American system, because they both fit their own country’s situation and have positive impact on the economical development. However,the officials looting has become a more and more serious problem in our country. The officials’duties are serving to the people and doing something beneficial to the public. Butthey failed in their responsibility and looted,which may cause the public feel disappointed to the government. Although the government has taken effective measures to suppress the corruption,officials looting remains a serious problem in our country. So,I think that our government should perfect the power supervision system constantly and prevent the officials from looting. Only by doing this, our country may become better and better.篇二:美国政治制度英文the united state political systemin my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. whichcaused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.the united state political systemin my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, th e supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. which caused large‐scale demonstrations and developed theviolent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.一、英国政治体制的模式及特点英国的政治制度是典型的君主立宪制,其主要特点是“议会至上”、以内阁为权力核心、君主虚位、政党组织严密。

美国政治制度

美国政治制度

• The settlement of two main fears 1.To avoid tyranny 2.To handle the conflicts in powers between
the central government and the state governments
• Quarrels concerning individual rights
1791 Bill of Rights to guarantee the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens and to protect individual rights against tyranny
Legislative branch

• Congress today retains the power to
create and abolish federal courts, as well as to determine the number of judges in the federal judiciary system. • Congress cannot, however, abolish the Supreme Court.
• Functions
make federal laws levy federal taxes declare the war put foreign treaties into effect
Structure
• The House of Representatives
house members • The Senate senators
Executive Branch

英国美国政治制度英语作文

英国美国政治制度英语作文

英国美国政治制度英语作文English: The political systems of the United Kingdom and the United States have key differences that stem from their historical development and principles. The UK operates under a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, where the monarch is the head of state but the Prime Minister is the head of government. The US, on the other hand, is a federal republic with a presidential system, where the President is both the head of state and government. In the UK, Parliament consists of two houses - the House of Commons and the House of Lords - with the Prime Minister being the leader of the majority party in the Commons. In the US, Congress is divided into the House of Representatives and the Senate, with the President being elected independently from Congress. Additionally, the UK has a unitary system where power is centralized in Westminster, while the US has a federal system with power divided between the federal government and state governments. These differences in political systems lead to varying approaches to governance, decision-making, and checks and balances between branches of government.中文翻译: 英国和美国的政治制度有着根源于历史发展和原则的重要差异。

英美政治制度

英美政治制度

英美政治制度The Political Systems of the United States and United Kingdom (UK)The United States and the United Kingdom, two influential democratic countries with rich histories and global impacts, each have their own unique political systems. While both systems are built on democratic principles and have many similarities, there are also distinct differences between them.The United States, as a federal republic, operates under a system known as a presidential system. The country is divided into 50 states, each with its own government, and a central federal government. The President of the United States is the head of state and government and is elected by the citizens through an electoral college system. The president serves as the chief executive and has the power to veto bills passed by the Congress. The Congress, composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, is responsible for making and passing laws. The members of the Congress are elected by the people through direct voting.On the other hand, the United Kingdom operates under a constitutional monarchy system with a parliamentary democracy. The monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, serves as the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The Prime Minister is appointed by the monarch and is the leader of the majority party or coalition in the House of Commons, the lower chamber of the UK Parliament. Members of Parliament (MPs) are elected by the people in their respective constituencies. The House of Lords, the upper chamber, consists of appointed members,including life peers and bishops.One key difference between the two systems is the role of the head of state. In the United States, the president holds both the ceremonial role as the head of state and the executive power as the head of government. On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, the queen or king serves as the ceremonial head of state, while the Prime Minister holds the executive power. This distinction allows the United Kingdom to separate the monarchy's symbolic role from the political decision-making process.Another difference lies in the election processes. In the United States, the president is elected by an electoral college, a group of electors from each state who vote for the president. This system was put in place to balance the interests of both the states and the population. In contrast, in the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister is not elected directly but is chosen by the majority party or coalition in the House of Commons. The citizens vote for their local MPs, who then choose the Prime Minister.The United States and the United Kingdom both have effective systems of checks and balances, ensuring the division of powers and preventing abuse of power. However, the specific mechanisms differ. In the United States, the Constitution sets forth a system of checks and balances between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The president's power to veto legislation and the Supreme Court's authority to interpret laws are examples of these checks. In the United Kingdom, the parliamentary system provides checks and balances through debates, questioning, and scrutiny by both the House of Commons and the House of Lords.In conclusion, while both the United States and the United Kingdom have democratic political systems, they differ in their governance structure and election processes. The United States operates under a presidential system, with the president holding both the ceremonial and executive powers. On the other hand, the United Kingdom operates under a constitutional monarchy system with a parliamentary democracy, separating the roles of the head of state and the head of government. Both systems have been effective in maintaining democracy and ensuring the separation of powers.。

美国政治制度

美国政治制度

The Characteristics of the Two Major Parties in the United States
(1)The Democrats are thought of as associated with labour, minorty groups, and the poor, while the Republicans are as associated with business, Anglo-Americans, and the rich. (2)Republicans tend to oppose the greter involvement of the federal government in some areas of public life which they consider to be the responsibility of the states. Democrats, on the other hand, tend to favor a more active role of the national government in social maters. (3)In spite of these differences, the two parties believe in individualism, defend capitalism and uphold the private ownership of means of production. (4)In terms of organization, the two parties are actually loose political coalitions, and their function are to help their candidates win election.

美国政权制度

美国政权制度

美国政权制度“三权分立”三权分立, 美国, 制度, 政权The federal government of the United States was established by the US Constitution(宪法), which is the supreme law of the nation, providing a framework for the US government. The document defines three main branches of government: legislative, executive and judicial(立法,行政,司法). Through a system of separating the powers of these branches, these three branches form a system of “check and balances”(制衡原则) where each one helps to regulate the others.Let’s get back to the 3 branches of government. The legislative branch has the power to create, amend and change laws. The primary components of any legislature are the chambers, or houses. These chambers/houses are assemblies, a group of people gathered together for a similar purpose, in this case to debate and vote on bills--proposed laws that have not yet been adopted. A legislature with one house is called, unicameral(单院制), and with two is bicameral(两院制). The US legislature, known as the US Congress, is a bicameral legislature, with two houses differing in duties, powers, and the methods used to select its members. Our two legislative houses are known as the House of Representatives and the Senate(众议院与参议院).The House of Representatives is based on each state’s population, although each state has at least one representative.Currently there are 435 voting members of the House, and each representative serves a 2-year term. The head of the House is known as the Speaker. The Senate is different in that every state elects 2 senators, regardless of the state population, to serve 6-year terms. As the US has 50 states, we have a total of 100 senators. Although the two chambers have different duties, the consent of both houses must be obtained to make anylaw.美国三权分立的利弊(英文)?这是一篇有关美国三权分立优缺点的英文短文,应该对您有用.The separation of powers, also known as trias politica, is a model for the governance of democratic states. The model was first developed in ancient Greece and cam e into widespread use by the Roman Republic as part of the uncodified Constitutio n of the Roman Republic. Under this model, the state is divided into branches or estates, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility. Th e normal division of estates is into an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary.Parliamentary democracies do not have distinct separation of powers. The executiv e, which often consists of a prime minister and cabinet ("government"), is drawn fr om the legislature (parliament). This is the principle of responsible government. Ho wever, although the legislative and executive branches are connected, in parliament ary systems there is usually an independent judiciary and the government's role in the parliament does not give them unlimited legislative influence.Advantages and disadvantages the separation of powers, also known as trias politic a, is a model for the governance of democratic states. the model was first develop ed in ancient greece and came into widespread use by the roman republic as part of the uncodified constitution of the roman republic. under this model, the state is divided into branches or estates, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility. the normal division of estates is into an executive, a legisl ature, and a judiciary.parliamentary democracies do not have distinct separation of powers. the executive, which often consists of a prime minister and cabinet ("government"), is drawn fro m the legislature (parliament). this is the principle of responsible government. howe ver, although the legislative and executive branches are connected, in parliamentary systems there is usually an independent judiciary and the government's role in the parliament does not give them unlimited legislative influence。

美国政体词汇

美国政体词汇

General introduction1.The State System国家体制A state of dictatorship of the bourgeoisie 资产阶级专政国家Federalism 联邦制度The separation of powers 三权分立Respect for the constitution and the rule of law 尊重宪法和法律规定2.The Constitution 宪法3.The Federal Government 联邦政府The executive 行政权→president 总统The legislative 立法权→congress 国会→Senate 参议院& the House of Representatives 众议院The judicial 司法权→Supreme Court 最高法院& Lower Federal Courts 下属联邦法院Checks and balances 制约与平衡"Tripartite" Political System 三权分立1.Executive Branch 行政机构Propose legislation to Congress 向国会建议立法Veto 否决Override 推翻Vacant occur 有空缺Succession 继任Impeachment 弹劾2.Legislative BranchLevy(征收)federal taxescongress 国会Senate 参议院the House of Representatives 众议院Representative 众议院议员Senator 参议院议员3.Judicial BranchThe Supreme Court 最高法院The chief justice 首席法官Associate justices 大法官Federal courts of appeal 上诉法院Federal district courts 地方法院Interpret the Constitution of the United States 解释宪法Resolve disputes 调解争端judicial review(司法审查)13 departmentsState 国务院Treasury 财政部Defense 国防部Justice 司法部Interior 内政部Agriculture农业部Commerce商业部Labor劳工部Education 教育部Transportation 交通部Energy 能源部Health and Human Service卫生与公共服务事业部Housing and Urban Development住房与城市发展部American electionCaucus 核心会议Conservative 保守派Debate 辩论Divided government 分治的政府Federal Election Campaign Act(FECA) 联邦竞选法Federal Election Commission(FEC) 联邦选举委员会Front loading 前期吃重Front runner 领先者Gender gap 性别差异Hard money/Soft money 硬钱/软钱Liberal 自由派Matching funds 对等资金Midterm election 中期选举Platform 政纲Plurality rule 简单多数原则Primary 初选Protest vote 投抗议票Public funding 公共资助Push polling导向性民意调查Redistricting 选区重划Single member district 单一席位选区Super Tuesday 超级星期二Coattails燕尾提举力Convention bounce会后弹升Front-loading前置Electoral College选举团Plurality简单多数Primary election预选选举Single-member district单一席位选区Ticket splitting选票分散Town meeting社民会议Tracking survey跟踪调查universal sufferage 普选exit poll 出口民意Political Parties 政党Democratic Party 民主党Republican Party 共和党Ballot 投票presidential campaign 总统竞选Presidential candidate 总统候选人。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

the united state political system
in my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.
however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. which caused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judged
that the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.
the united state political system
in my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.
however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. which caused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judged
that the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.
一、英国政治体制的模式及特点
英国的政治制度是典型的君主立宪制,其主要特点是“议会至上”、以内阁为权力核心、君主虚位、政党组织严密。

首先,英国实行议会民主制,体现“议会至上”的原则。

议会至上,即立法权在三权中居于核心地位,行政和司法机关都是立法机关的一个部分,行政权和司法权实际是立法权的派生,三者互有重叠。

其次,实行内阁制,作为“议会至上”原则在行政权与立法权关系上的制度体现。

即国家的权力体系以内阁为核心,内阁拥有国家的最高行政权力。

再次,英王更多的是一种荣誉性职位,并无真正的实权。

最后,英国政党的组织体系相对比较严密。

可见,英国政治制度最大的特点是“议会至上”,司法权和立法权都出于立法权,民主政治的实质部分居于虚位君主之下。

这种政治制度的优点是,无论是体制形成还是实际运作都相对民主、公正,更有利于决策的科学和周全。

但缺点是,体制或制度容易模式化,导致官僚主义,影响执政效率。

二、美国政治体制的模式及特点
美国的政治体制是一个总统制的国家,在其早期的权力构架中,并没有政党的因素,只是在后来政治角逐中,政党不断在其中发挥越来越重要的作用。

其主要特点是:
1、总统候选人由政党推荐产生,总统在全国由全体选民直接投票、间接选举产生,当选总统并不一定是得到绝对选票多者,而是为获得选举人票更多者。

总统还是行政首脑,直接控制着行政机构,并且还是三军总司令。

2、美国的政党体制相当松散,政党存在的意义更多的是作为各类选举的工具,选举之后,政党作为一种组织体系作用相当微弱,所以它是一种典型的“选举党”。

美国是一个典型的两党制国家,但它不同于西欧国家的两党制,它不是以意识形态划分的,而是按照区域和利益集团来划分,两党从本质上讲都是代表不同资产阶级利益的政党。

3、美国的国会即众议院、参议院议员一般由政党推荐参选,由全民投票直接选举产生,拥有立法权。

4、美国的总统尽管名义上是所在党的领袖,但当选后更多的是以“全民总统”的面目出现。

现在的美国奉行的是“否决政治”(vetocracy)。

美国的政治制度在总统和拥有两院的国会之间分割权力,并把权力下放给各州和地方政府;允许法庭以宪法为由推翻法律。

除了宪法授予的制衡机制以外,美国国会还给了议员们其它许多机会,让他们可以使用否决权来要挟政府,
这一政治体制模式的优点是:美国总统的权力较大,总统受政党的约束小,独立性较大,有利于较快地作出政治决断,提高执政效能。

其弱点是:美国三大权力体系的相互制约与牵制明显,造成一些体制消耗。

总统无权解散国会,只可以否决国会通过的法案,同样的,国会可以弹劾总统,使用否决权来否决总统。

三、法国政治体制模式的基本特点
与美国、英国等西方国家不同,法国的政权模式是一种“半总统制”模式,既有总统制的特点,又有议会制的特征,其主要特点为:
1、总统候选人由政党或政党联盟推荐,由全民直接选举产生,任期从原来的七年减为五年,同议会、政府任期同步。

总统作为国家元首,权力不如美国总统大,但又远远大于内阁制国家的总统或国王。

他掌管着国家的外交和国防大权,决定包括经济社会事务在内的各项大政方针,实际上掌握国家最高行政权(但他不是行政首脑,也不具体负责经济社会事务),主持内阁会议,享有对政府官员的任命权,并有权解散议会,宣布提前大选,还可施行宪法第16条规定的非常权力。

2、政府由获得下院即国民议会多数的政党组成,总理也由该党领袖出任,并由总统任命,政府主要职责是管理经济与内政事务,同时对总统和议会负责,议会可以质询并弹劾政府。

3、法国的总统和议会一般都实行两轮投票制(总统如在第一轮选举中获得超过50%的多数,就不必再进行第二次投票),总统、议员都是由在第二轮投票中获得相对多数的候选人出任。

如果总统与获得议会多数的党不是同一个党,便会出现“左右共治”的政治现象,但一般都把在政府中当政的党视为执政党。

近20年来,法国几次出现了这种“左右共治”的现象。

4、这种政治模式的优点是,权力相对分散,不易于导致专制和专权,能够及时的任命优秀人才,总统握有一定的实权,有利于政局的稳定。

其缺点是,行政权力的分散使得政府权威较弱,不利于国家管理,而且“左右共治”现象又导致了政党间的争权夺利,损害了政党的形象,也不利于社会问题的顺利解决。

相关文档
最新文档