动词被动语态

被动语态(the passive voice)英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

例如：He wrote a novel. (主语he 是动作wrote 的执行者，是主动语态。

)The classroom was cleaned by him yesterday. (主语the classroom 是动作的承受者，是被动语态。

)一．被动语态的构成: be+及物动词的过去分词构成(助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化)。

Eg: The man was fooled by the two boys.It has been decided that the sports meeting would be put off.二．被动语态的用法1. 不知道动作的执行者时用被动语态。

例如：Eg: Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.The new test book will be used next term.2. 强调动作的承受者时用被动语态。

Eg: This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.3.动作的发出者不是人用被动语态Eg: Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake.4. 含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。

变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。

Eg: The pianist gave the pupils some advice.间接宾语直接宾语→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.5. 在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。

但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。

例如：Eg: The boss made them work ten hours a day. →They were made to work ten hours a day.A boy saw him enter the house. →He was seen to enter the house.6. 不及物动词+介词的被动语态不及物动词没有被动语态，但是“不及物动词+介词”构成的短语动词的句子，如look after,listen to, look at,等具有及物动词的功能，可以改为被动语态，但是改为被动语态时介词不能丢。

Eg: They laughed at him at the meeting. ---He was laughed at by them at the meeting.We should speak to old men politely. --- Old men should be spoken to politely.7. 主动形式表被动意义①open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive, peel, happen等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动形式表示被动意义Eg: This orange peels easily.This kind of skirt sells well here.This kind of cloth wases well.The car drives well.②look, sound, taste, smell, feel等系动词用主动形式表被动意义Eg: Uniforms look ugly on us.Mooncakes taste delicious.③在want, need, require等动词表示“需要”，后常可跟v.-ing形式表示被动，相当于to be doneEg: My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired.Your hair wants cutting.④当break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out 等动词表示“发生，关闭，制定”等意思表主动Eg: The plan worked out successfully.An earthquake took place in Y ushu on April 14th.四．复习时需要注意的要点（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。

（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。

此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。

（3）在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。

改为被动语态时要加上to。

用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear等，以及使役动词make, let等。

Exercises for the passive voiceI. Change the following sentences into passive voice1．We often use a recorder in our English class.2．They will show a new film next week.3．When did they build the house?4．I saw the boy enter the room.5．Will they show a new film next week?6．Have they posted the letter yet?7．We often see him help his classmate.8．You must turn off the light before you go to bed.9．Who is repairing the bike?10．The student should learn all the texts by heart.11. Students must hand in their homework on time every day.12. Our headmaster always tell us an interesting story before the class.13. The teacher made Tom stand outside the classroom again.14. You can hear my mother singing Beijing Opera in the next room now.Ⅱ.Multiple choice:1. The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.A. cleanedB. is cleanedC. was cleaningD. was cleaned2. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.A. workB. to workC. workingD. worked3. Food ________ in a cool place in summer.A. must keepB. mustn’t keepC. must be keptD. mustn’t be kept4. One or two man-made satellites ______ in our country every year.A. have been sent upB. will be sent upC. is sent upD. are sent up5. The pen ________ well.A. writesB. is writtenC. was writtenD. writing6. Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.A. have taken placeB. have been taken placeC. has taken placeD. has been taken place7. Our compositions must ________ next Monday.A. be hand inB. be handed inC. handed inD. be handing in8. The child will ________ back to his parents next month.A. sentB. sendC. be sentD. be sending9. ________ his work ________ yet?A. have…been finishedB. has …been finishedC. has …finishedD. have…finished10. ---Have you moved into the new house?---No, not yet. The rooms _____.A. are being paintedB. are paintingC. are paintedD. are being painting11. How _____ the Great Pyramid _______ many years ago without modern machines.A. is…builtB. would…be builtC. have…been builtD. was…built12. Mr Li , you _____ on the phone.A. are wantedB. were wantedC. are being wantedD. will be wanted13. Kate has a high fever. A doctor must _____ at once.A. send forB. is sent forC. be sentD. be sent for14. The river smells terrible. People must _____ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throwB. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throwD. stop from throwing15. ---Do you like the flower?---Yes, it _____ sweet.A. is smellingB. smeltC. is smeltD. smellsⅢ.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words.1. Now there is a shortage of water in the westsouthern areas of China, but a lot of water ______________(waste) every year. It’s a serious problem.2. With the help of science and technology, now many kinds of work ____________ (can do) by robots,including some dangerous and difficult ones.3. As we can see, English ____________ (speak) as the mother tongue or a second language in somedeveloped countries. So we must learn it well.4. Fish may not _____ _________ (catch) in the river now because of the serious pollution5. A new bridge ______________ (build) over the river last year. But it ________________(destroy) by abig fire last month.6. “I’m afraid it ______________ (need) mending”, Mrs. White turned off the TV.7. Vegetables, eggs and fish _______________ (sell) in most of the big supermarkets the whole day, sopeople needn’t go to the morning markets any more.8. The children __________ often ___________ (tell) to be careful with fire.9. The accident ______________ (happen) just now. It ______________(cause) by an illegal over-taking.10. Now he _____________ (be) asked if the meeting _____________ (hold) next Friday.。