专题四 介词与介词短语
高考必考语法精讲精练专题四：介词 含解析
高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题四：介词介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。
它是高考必考点之一。
《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对介词考查列了一项：介词和介词短语。
介词在句子中不能单独使用，只能与名词、代词等构成介词短语，在句中作状语、后置定语、表语和补语等。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第66题（语法填空）考查了介词短语by car乘汽车；第74题（短文改错）考查了介词短语with the developmentof随着......的发展。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了介词短语go back to回到；第78题（短文改错）考查了介词短语dream of梦想。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了介词as表示“作为”；第68题（语法填空）考查了介词by后面接v-ing；第80题考查了介词短语in the middle of里的介词of。
I.介词分类：III.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·介词考点规律分析：短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。
语法填空主要涉及介词的选择。
介词单句改错之真题训练：1. Bill insisted in staying near the car.2. Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men.3. When I have free time I go a long walk.4.When they came down the police were angry to them.5. Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.6. …and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular.7. I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting.8. It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station.9. In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year.10. We practise for three times every week.11.We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.12. Unfortunately, there are too many people among my family.13. I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing…14. Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday.15. So I’m really sorry that I won’t be able to come in this time.16. …but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.17. For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o’clock in the morning.18.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.19. His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination.20.I feel sorry to him.21.Because so much viewing, children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves.22. On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials…23. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese…24. I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day.25. You can find all kinds information in just a few minutes on the Internet.26. But I have spent lots my money, …27. …you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors’ Club…28. We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about.介词单句改错之模拟训练：1. We must serve for the people heart and soul.2. I followed the man for a while, and saw him enter into the bank.3. Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim.4. I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.5. In English class, we often talk each other in English.6. Don’t talk. What the man says is well worth listening.7. The chair looks hard, but it is comfortable to sit.8. She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.9. I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday.10. Are you glad to be going to back to school?11. On his way to home, he met one of his old friends Jack.12. Please close the door at next time you come in.13. Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year.14. We can finish the work either this week or in next week.15. We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator.16. We could not have heard them because the noise from the river.17. Don’t be angry to me for not having written—I was really too busy.18. I’ve read a lot books about a nimals.19. He invited us to dinner, which was very kind for him.20. I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him.21. Don’t go by plane. It’s a lot of more expensive.22. Except milk and cheese, we all need vegetables.23. On my way back, I called at Mr Smith at his office.介词单句改错之提升训练：1. His father has been ill on bed for two years.2. During the summer vacation, he worked in the farm.3. He is very fond of football and he is in the school football team.4. I have made rapid progress under the help of my teacher.5. Don’t read under the strong light.6. The killer ran away to the direction of Beijing.7. He lives on No.124. Wuyi Road.8. He is very angry to his son for his failing in the exam.9. He hit me on the face.10. He is strict to me in my work.11. The bottle is filled of the gas.12. London stands to the Thames.13. His mother took pride of his great achievements.14. There are two windows on the wall.15. On the way home, I found I had lost the key of the door.16. We are trying to find the answer of the problem.17. You are required to write your story with your own words.18. With what language did she make the speech?19. He is the cleverest in all the students.20. At a clear night, he went out in search of the gold.21. He had an English party at Christmas Eve.22. Women should be equal with men.23. He is blind on both his eyes.24. Uncle Tom is famous as his skill in cooking.25. He will come back after five weeks.26. He said that he had met us many years ago.27. He is the tallest between the four of us.28. I called on my uncle’s last night.29. It is very clever for a dog to save its owner.30. You should be beware to dangers.介词单句语法填空之真题训练：1．That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help. ______short，he’s reliable.2．In addition ________ the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.3．The dictionary is of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published. 4．My connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s. 5.My uncle says that he never dreams _______becoming rich in a short period of time.6．Most of us are more focused_______our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.7.Are you interested ________ becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?8.Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test ________ the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.9.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat________their hands.10.Now I am leaving home __________ college.At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.11.In high school, I became curious ________ the computer, and built my first website.12.Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.V olunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money ________a cause.13.The mother continued to care for the young panda________more than two years.14.Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage________the opportunity to join sports teams.15.Shelly－Ann is a little woman ________ a big smile.She has mental toughness that did not come about by chance.16.The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.17.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour.18.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ________ harmony with nature.19.The whole team count ________ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.20.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but ________ Thomas Edison.21.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?22.Most people work because it's unavoidable._______ contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.23.We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal _____our emotions than for straight facts.24.These comments came in response_____ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.25.This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you _____ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.学习札记：_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________参考答案及解析介词单句改错之真题训练：1.in 改为on，insist on 为固定搭配2.at 改为of，catch sight of是习语，意为“看见”3.go 后加for，go for a walk 是习语4.to 改为with，要表示对某人生气，英语习惯上用be angry with sb5.去掉for，因其前的get 是及物动词6.books for 改为books on，此处的on 意为“关于”7.去掉about 或将about 改为that，因动词knew 后可直接跟宾语从句，无需用介词8.for 改为of，注意句型It’s kind of sb to do sth9.去掉in，在由next, this, last 等构成的时间短语中，一般可直接用作时间状语，无需加in, on, at 这样的介词10.去掉for，在表示频率的名词前通常不加介词11.instead 后加of，instead of 为复合介词，在此表示“而不是”12.among 改为in，in my family 意为“在我家里”13.a lot 后加of，因a lot 不能直接修饰名词14.on 改为for，thanks for doing sth 意为“因某事而感谢某人”15.去掉in，因this time 可直接用作状语16.去掉about，因about 后没有接宾语，about 属多余17.去掉on，因one night 可直接用作状语18.去掉at，the moment 在此用作连词，相当于as soon as19.去掉in，spend 是及物动词，其后可直接跟名词作宾语20.to 改为for，be / feel sorry for sb 意为“为某人感到难过”21.Because 后加of，因so much viewing 相当于名词22.On 改为In，意为“在一年中”23.去掉that 前的in，was 后是一个以that 引导的宾语从句，in 是多余的24.to 改为at，laugh at 意为“嘲笑”25.kinds 后加of，a kind of 意为“一种……”，all kinds of…意为“各种各样的……”26.lots后加of，lots / a lot后不能接名词；后接名词时，要用lots of…，a lot of…27.去掉in，表示“参加，加入”某个组织，join 后不要再加介词in；表示“参加”某项活动时，才加in28.on 改为in，因为have sth in common 是固定搭配，意为“有共同的……”介词单句改错之模拟训练：1. 去掉for，serve 表示“为……服务”，是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用介词。
专题四 介词与介词短语
专题四介词与介词短语(一)方位介词1．图解常见的方位介词2．along, through, across, over3．at, on, to, in4．between, among(1)between 在……之间(指两者)，常和and 连用。
The building stands between the park and the small river. 那栋楼位于公园和小河之间。
(2)among在……之间(指三者或三者以上)。
We'll visit a town among the mountains.我们将要参观一个被群山环绕的小镇。
[名师指津]如果指三个及三个以上的人或物中的每两个之间，仍然要用between。
Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。
(二)时间介词1．in, afterin表时间，常表示“在……之内”，有时in还有“在……之后”的意思，但表示此意时，必须具备两个条件：(1)所在句子的谓语动词必须表将来；(2)后面必须是一段时间。
这两个条件缺一不可，否则用after或later。
My father will be back in three days.我父亲将在三天以后回来。
My father will be back after three o'clock.我父亲将在3点后回来。
My father came back after three days/three days later.我父亲是三天后回来的。
2．for, from, sinceretirement.布朗先生喜欢乡村生活，退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年。
My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five.我的妹妹从5岁开始学习舞蹈。
专题四 介词、连词
look out of (朝„„外面看 ) look (a)round( 环视) look up 查询；向上看
考点知识精讲 专题训练
宇轩图书
arrive in＋大地方 (到达) arrive at＋小地方 (到达) hear of (听说 ) hear from( 收到„„的来信 ) spend＋钱＋ on sth.(花钱在某物上 ) spend＋时间＋ (in) doing sth.(花时间做某事 )
专题训练
考点知识精讲
宇轩图书
介词
用
法
示
例
since
during
后加时间点或过去 She has worked 时的句子，表示 here since 2000.自 “自从(过去某时) 2000年以来，她就 以来”，与现在完 在这里工作。 成时连用 “during＋时间段” I enjoyed myself during the summer 表示“在„„期 间”，与延续性动 vacation. 词连用表示某期间 我在暑假期间玩得 的动作 很高兴。
考点知识精讲
专题训练
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考点知识精讲 专题训练
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10．表示“在„„上”时，不是都用 “on”，有时须用 in。
考点知识精讲
专题训练
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They met each other on their way home/to school. 他们在回家 (去学校 )的路上相遇了。 By the way, who lost the money? 顺便问一下，谁丢了钱？
考点知识精讲 专题训练
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6． behind表示“在„„的后面”，其反义词组 “in front of”表示“在„„的前面”，注意与 in the front of 的区别。 Who's the boy behind Kelly? 凯莉身后的男孩是 谁？ There is a bus stop in front of our house. 我们的房子前面有一个公共汽车站。
中考英语专题四介词和介词短语课件
介词
用法
例句
后跟时间段，意为
We will visit Qingdao
during
“在……期间”，常与延 续性动词连用，表示某个
during this summer vacation. 我们这个暑
前应用介词in。答 案 ： B 。
3. __________ April 20th, 2013, a terrible earthquake
happened in Ya’an city, Sichuan. (2013·娄底)
A. In
B. On
C. At
解析：具体日期前用介词on。答案：B。
4. We’ll hold a party in celebration of the 90th birthday of
Ⅰ. 基本用法
at, in & on
介词
用法
例词/句
用于钟点、中午、 at five o’clock 5点时
夜晚、拂晓、黄昏 at noon 在中午
等词前面。
at night 在晚上
at
at the beginning of 在开始
用在一些固定短语 at the end of 在末尾
中。
at the same time 同时
already left.
A. On
B. In
C. By
D. With
解析：句子的时态为过去完成时。by只有在后面跟时间 点时才与完成时连用，by the time意为“到……时候为止”， 常与完成时连用。另外三个词一般不与完成时连用。
2023届高考英语二轮专题复习专题四：介词与介词短语
at happy,pleased,angry,delighted等)连用, He was surprised at the news.
表示产生这种情感的原因
with
常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的抽象名词连用 ,强调随着心理变化而产生的情感变化
He
shouted
loudly
with
anger.
from 常接抽象名词,表示自然或间接原因
to 表示两地的相对位置,不接壤 Guangdong is on the east of
in
其后一般接大地方或表示在某个 Guangxi; Fujian lies to the south of
范围之内
Jiangsu and all of them are in China.
off
表示"(时空上)离,距"
3.before, by, until(till)
介词
用法
例句
before 表示"在……之前",与after相对 Please come before ten o'clock.
by 表示"不迟于,在……之前"
I'll have it done by tomorrow.
until (till)
表示"直到……为止",在肯定句 You must wait until/till tomorrow.I
高三语法总复习
专题四 介词和介词短语
By Tiffany
目录
CONTENTS
考点1 介 词 考点2 介词短语及搭配 难点 同一介词所表达的多种含义
考点1 介词
知识1 表示"时间"的介词
高中英语高考天津专用2020届高考英语一轮复习专题四介词和介词短语课件20190813399
3.(2019江苏,27)Favorable policies are
to encourage employees' professional development.
A.in effect B.in command C.in turn D.in shape
答案 A 句意:为了鼓励员工的职业发展,一些有利的政策开始生效。考查介词短语辨析。 A:生效,实际上;B:指挥;C:轮流,依次;D:在外形上。根据句意可知A项正确。
答案 A 句意:中国软实力的增长是与全球对中国不断增长的欣赏和理解紧密相连的。本 题考查介词短语辨析。in line with与……相似;与……紧密相连,符合语境。in reply to答复;in return for作为对……的回报;in honour of 为向……表示敬意。
6.(2017天津夏,13)We offer an excellent education to our students.
11.(2015浙江,10)Most people work because it's unavoidable. actually enjoy work. A.As a result B.In addition C.By contrast D.In conclusion
,there are some people who
our survival.
A.in contrast to B.in defense of
C.in face of
D.in relation to
our surroundings remains an essential skill for
答案 D 句意:通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置仍然是我们生存的极其重要的 一项技能。本题考查介词短语辨析。根据句意可知应用in relation to“相对……而言”。in contrast to和……相比;in defense of为……辩护;in(the) face of面临。
高中英语语法专题四 介词和介词短语 共89张PPT
早于；在…之前 先后顺序，与一般
completed
before
the
end
时连用
of the year.
By 强调已完 成，与完
1在.表（示某“时不）迟前于”….，All of you are to arrive at 2.表示“在….期间，school by seven o’clock.
成时连用 在…时间内”
From then on she knew she would win.
I lost my money and I have been worried since then.
The meeting lasted for three hours yesterday.
介词
During 在…期 间
during over through
over 在…期间；贯穿（一段时 We had a
间）；与during同义
pleasant chat
over a cup of tea.
during over through填空
Let’s discuss it over lunch. During/ Ovtheer past 10 years, great changes have
连接时
and Italy
强调每两者之间的关系 the difference between
the three of them
between 表示“由于…合作的结果” Between them they
时
landed the fish.
在share, divide等表示分享之类的动 He divided his money
专题四 介词与介词短语
2014届高三英语一轮复习 专题四 介词和介词短语语法练习 新人教版
介词和介词短语1．The train leaves at 6：00 pm.So I have to be at the station ________ 5：40 pm at the latest.A．until B．afterC．by D．around解析：句意：火车将在下午六点出发。
因此，我最迟应该在下午5：40前到达车站。
根据语意可知，此题应填介词by意为“不迟于，在(某时)之前〞。
until意为“直到〞；after 意为“在……之后〞；around表示“大概，大约〞都不符合题意。
答案：C2．—Do you go there ________ bus?—No, we go there ________ a train.A．in；on B．on；onC．by；in D．by；with解析介词与表示乘坐交通工具的名词连用时，假设交通工具名词前无冠词，用介词by；假设有冠词、物主代词修饰交通工具名词时，如此用介词in或on。
句意：——你们乘公共汽车去那里吗？——不，我们乘火车去。
答案：C3．A good advertisement often uses words ________ which people attach positive meaning to attract people to buy a product or service.A．to B．ofC．for D．with解析：“________ which people attach positive meaning〞可理解为“people attach positive meaning to which〞。
attach...to...意为“把……附在……上〞；to attract people to buy a product or service 作目的状语。
答案：A4．________ your timely help, I couldn't have finished the work on time. I can't thank you too much.A．Rauter than B．Except forC．In addition to D．But for解析：考查介词词组。
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2．with, in (1)with 用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的 名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。 They are digging with a pick/spade. 他们正在用一把镐/铲挖。 We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。
4．before, by, until, till (1)before：早于；在……之前。 The new road will be completed before the end of the year. 这条新道路将在年底以前建成。 (2)by 的用法 ①表示“不迟于……，在(某时)前”。 All of you are to arrive at school by seven o’clock. 你们所有人必须在 7 点钟前到校。 ②表示“在……期间，在……时间内”。 He worked by night and slept by day. 他晚上工作，白天睡觉。
专题四 介词与介词短语
介
词
(一)方位介词
1．图解常见的方位介词
2．存在对应关系的几组介词
介词
on
意义
在……上(与物体表面有接触)
反义词
beneath
over
above
在……正上方(与物体表面没有接触)
在er
below
into
to
进入
到……，向……
out of
原料、颜料、语言、钢笔、铅笔等 (2)in 大、小写字母
Please answer me in English.请用英语回答我。 Please write in capital letters.请用大写字母写。 The artist wrote in ink/pencil(＝with a pen/a pencil)． 那个艺术家用钢笔/铅笔写字。 (3)注意以下固定短语： on/over the telephone/radio 通过电话/广播 in this/that way by this/that means 用这/那种方式 with this/that method
(四)表示原因的介词
介词 with for from of over
用法 多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动 词之后，表示某种心理或心理状态的原因
多与表示感情的抽象名词或动名词及reason,
famous等词连用 常接抽象名词，表示自然或间接原因 用于某些形容词后，后接与感情相关的人或事 常用于带有感情色彩的动词如：cry, quarrel,
[名师指津] 如果指三个及三个以上的人或物中的每两 个之间，仍然要用 between。 Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany. 瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。
(二)时间介词
1．in, after in 表时间 ，常表示 “ 在…… 之 内”， 有时 in 还 有 “在……之后”的意思， 但表示此意时， 必须具备两个条件： (1)所在句子的谓语动词必须表将来； (2)后面必须是一段时 间。这两个条件缺一不可，否则用 after 或 later。 My father will be back in three days. 我父亲将在三天以后回来。 My father will be back after three o’clock. 我父亲将在 3 点后回来。 My father came back after three days/three days later. 我父亲是三天后回来的。
(3)until 和 till 的用法 until 是比较正式的用法。在肯定句中和延续性动词连 用， 表示动作一直持续到 until 后面的时间为止； 在否定句中 和非延续性动词连用， 表示该动作直到 until 后面的时间才开 始。till 意义与 until 相同。 I shall wait until ten o’clock. 我将等到 10 点钟。 I didn’t go to sleep until midnight. 直到半夜我才睡觉。 He works from morning till night, day after day. 他日复一日从早工作到晚。
laugh, sigh等词之后，叙述所发生事情的原因
Her face went red with anger. 她气得脸都红了。 The West Lake is famous for its scenery. 西湖以它的景色而闻名。
(五)其他常考的介词 1．except, except for, but, besides, apart from
3．during, through, over (1)during 指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过 程中断断续续地发生过多次， 或在整个时间段里的某一点发 生过，起止时间比较明显。 He often falls asleep during the class. 课堂上他常常打瞌睡。 He swims every day during the summer. 夏季他每天都游泳。
(3)over：在(做)……期间；此外，over 还有“贯穿(一时 间段)”的意思，相当于 during。 We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea. 我们一边喝茶一边愉快地聊天。 He will stay in Wales over/during Christmas and the New Year. 他将在威尔士度过圣诞和新年。
(三)表示工具、手段、方式的介词
1．by, in, on 三个词都可以表示旅行的方式。 (1)不涉及交通工具的名词前用 by， 名词前不带冠词。 如： by sea, by water, by land, by air 等。 (2)涉及交通工具的名词前用 by， 名词需用单数， 其前面 不加冠词和任何修饰语。如：by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship 等。
in
其后一般接大地方或 表示在某个范围之内
6．between, among (1)between 在……之间(指两者)，常和 and 连用。 The building stands between the park and the small river. 那栋楼位于公园和小河之间。 (2)among 在……之间(指三者或三者以上)。 We’ll visit a town among the mountains. 我们将要参观一个被群山环绕的小镇。
2．for, from, since
介词 for from
用法 接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久
接时间点，表示行为或状态的起始点，而不涉
及其持续时间的长短
接时间点，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点，而
since 且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到说 话的时刻，因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用
Mr. Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement. 布朗先生喜欢乡村生活， 退休后他在那里生活了差不多 15 年。 My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five. 我的妹妹从 5 岁开始学习舞蹈。 Tom has been doing his homework since seven o’clock. 汤姆从 7 点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。
(2)through：在……期间；从……开头到结尾(所指时间 包括在内，此时与 throughout 相同)。 Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family through his father’s illness. 在他父亲生病期间，汤姆坚强地撑起了养家的压力。
(3)当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时，用 on 或 in，名 词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如：travel to New York on this plane, go to school on my bike 等。 [名师指津] 步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用 on。如：on foot,
on horseback/on a horse, on a camel 等。
4．along, through, across, over
介词
用法
例句
along
I saw them running together 表示“沿着”某一 along the road yesterday. 路径行进 昨天我看见他们沿着马路一 起跑。
意为“穿过”，表 The Great Wall winds its way through 示从内部空间通过 from west to east, across 表示“横穿”，强 deserts, over mountains, across 调从某一物体的表 through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. 面通过 长城从西向东蜿蜒而行，横 意为“越过”，表 穿沙漠，越过高山，穿过峡 over 示从……上方过去 谷，最后抵达大海。