考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句

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高中英语知识点归纳名词性从句与定语从句的区别

高中英语知识点归纳名词性从句与定语从句的区别

高中英语知识点归纳名词性从句与定语从句的区别在高中英语学习中,名词性从句和定语从句是两个常见的语法结构。

虽然它们在形式上很相似,但在功能和用法上有很大的区别。

本文将对名词性从句和定语从句进行归纳和区分。

一、名词性从句名词性从句作为主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语,起到名词的作用。

名词性从句一般由关系词“that、whether/if, who, whom, whose, which”等引导。

下面将具体介绍名词性从句的几种情况。

1.主语从句一个句子的主语可以被一个从句所替代,这个从句就是主语从句。

例如:What he said puzzles me.(他说的话让我迷惑不解)2.表语从句一个句子的表语可以被一个从句所替代,这个从句就是表语从句。

例如:My dream is that I can travel around the world.(我的梦想是能够环游世界)3.宾语从句一个句子的宾语可以被一个从句所替代,这个从句就是宾语从句。

例如:I believe that he will pass the exam.(我相信他会通过考试)4.同位语从句同位语从句是对前面名词性成分进行解释或说明的从句,常用的引导词是“that”。

例如:The news that he won the competition excited me.(他赢得比赛的消息让我兴奋)二、定语从句定语从句用来修饰或限定名词或代词,并且不能单独存在,必须依附于名词或代词。

定语从句一般由关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which)或关系副词(where, when, why)引导。

下面将具体介绍定语从句的几种情况。

1.关系代词引导的定语从句The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣)The boy who is talking to Mary is my brother.(正在和玛丽说话的那个男孩是我的弟弟)2.关系副词引导的定语从句Do you still remember the place where we first met?(你还记得我们第一次见面的地方吗)I still remember the day when we had a picnic in the park.(我依然记得我们在公园野餐的那天)三、名词性从句与定语从句的区别总结名词性从句与定语从句最大的区别在于名词性从句本身是一个句子,可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语;而定语从句是一个从句,用来修饰或限定名词或代词。

考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句

考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句

考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句集团公司文件内部编码:(TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-【考点五】语法考点归纳5(定语从句、名词性从句)定语从句考点归纳1.高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上,包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词只有6个,即:that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词只有3个,即:when,where,why。

2.选择关系代词和关系副词的方法:由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用(引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分),所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。

把先行项/词还原到从句中,看看该用什么关系词来替代。

例如:I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是:the scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语,这里该填whose。

又如:The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句:I studied for two years in the school. “in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语,在从句中作状语,要用where(=in which)来替代。

3.注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别:as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首,而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。

4.注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况,以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

考点精析1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗? (who/that在从句中作主语)Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的.(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如:A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in thecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了 (which/that在句中作宾语)2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.(1). When, there, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+w hich”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?(2). that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.3.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.例如:(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案: (1) D (2) A关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).4.限制性和非限制性定语从句(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那栋房子 (限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的 (非限制性)(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的, 例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍5.介词+关系词(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.(2)that前不能有介词.(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(This is the house where I lived two years ago)Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?(Do you remember the day when you joined our club?)6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this或and that. as引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.Tom, as we know is from England.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.7.关系代词的that用法(1)不用that的情况1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:2)介词后不能用.例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any,little等作先行词时, 只用that, 不用which.3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.常用关系词列表:名词性从句考点归纳1.在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句(the Noun Clause)。

考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句优选稿

考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句优选稿

考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句集团公司文件内部编码:(TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-【考点五】语法考点归纳5(定语从句、名词性从句)定语从句考点归纳1.高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上,包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词只有6个,即:that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词只有3个,即:when,where,why。

2.选择关系代词和关系副词的方法:由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用(引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分),所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。

把先行项/词还原到从句中,看看该用什么关系词来替代。

例如:I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是:the scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语,这里该填whose。

又如:The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句:I studied for two years in the school. “in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语,在从句中作状语,要用where(=in which)来替代。

3.注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别:as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首,而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。

4.注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况,以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

考点精析1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗 (who/that在从句中作主语)Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的.(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如:A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in thecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了 (which/that在句中作宾语)2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.(1). When, there, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+w hich”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗(2). that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.3.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.例如:(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案: (1) D (2) A关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).4.限制性和非限制性定语从句(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那栋房子 (限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的 (非限制性)(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的, 例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍5.介词+关系词(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.(2)that前不能有介词.(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(This is the house where I lived two years ago)Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?(Do you remember the day when you joined our club)6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this或and that. as引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.Tom, as we know is from England.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.7.关系代词的that用法(1)不用that的情况1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:2)介词后不能用.例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any,little等作先行词时, 只用that, 不用which.3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.常用关系词列表:名词性从句考点归纳1.在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句(the Noun Clause)。

高中英语语法:名词性从句,定语从句

高中英语语法:名词性从句,定语从句

【考点点拨】名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

近几年高考对名词性从句的考查重点如下:【考点1】名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。

1.that 引导名词性从句时,不在从句中充当任何成分,只起连接作用;而what是连接代词,在从句中充当成分。

① ______ made the school proud was _______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A. What / becauseB. What / thatC. That / whatD. That / because2.that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略, 但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时,第二个从句以下的that不可省略。

如:She said (that) she had left school and that her parents would find her a job.② Word comes ________ a group of Australian guests will come to visit our school next week.A. thatB. whichC. 不填D. about which3.介词后的宾语从句常用what,whether引导,不用that,which引导。

但在介词besides,except,in后可用that引导宾语从句。

在有it作先行词时,that可用来引导介词后的宾语从句。

③ The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that【考点2】名词性从句中引导词whether与if 的用法区别。

高中语法解读定语从句和名词性从句

高中语法解读定语从句和名词性从句

高中语法解读定语从句和名词性从句在高中语法学习中,定语从句和名词性从句是重要的语法知识点。

它们在句子中充当不同的成分,用于修饰名词或者充当名词的补充说明,为句子的表达提供了更多的信息和丰富性。

下面将对定语从句和名词性从句进行详细解读。

一、定语从句(Adjective Clause)定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,通常用于句子中作主语、宾语或表语。

它通过引导词来引导,其中最常用的引导词有:that, which, who, whom, whose。

定语从句既可以使用关系代词也可以使用关系副词引导。

1. 引导关系代词的定语从句关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose在定语从句中起到两个作用:引导从句,并在从句中充当某一成分,如主语或宾语。

例如:- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(引导词作主语)- I have a friend whose father is a doctor.(引导词修饰friend)2. 引导关系副词的定语从句关系副词when, where, why在定语从句中引导,并在从句中充当某一成分,例如时间、地点或原因。

例如:- I still remember the day when we met for the first time.(引导词修饰时间)- This is the restaurant where we had dinner yesterday.(引导词修饰地点)二、名词性从句(Noun Clause)名词性从句是用来充当句子的成分,起到名词的作用。

名词性从句通常作主语、宾语、表语或同位语,它可以由连接词that, whether/if, why, where, when, what等引导。

1. 引导词that的名词性从句- That he didn't come to the party surprised me.(主语从句)- I believe that he is a good person.(宾语从句)2. 引导词whether/if的名词性从句- I don't know whether/if it will rain tomorrow.(宾语从句)3. 引导词wh-词的名词性从句- I don't know where she is staying now.(宾语从句)- The question is what we should do next.(表语从句)三、定语从句和名词性从句的区别定语从句和名词性从句在用法和功能上有一些区别:1. 从句位置不同定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面,而名词性从句相当于一个名词,可出现在句子的任何位置。

大一英语语法从句知识点

大一英语语法从句知识点

大一英语语法从句知识点语法从句在英语语法中扮演着重要的角色,能够丰富句子的结构和意义。

掌握好语法从句的使用方法可以提高我们的写作和口语表达能力。

本文将介绍几个大一英语学习过程中常见的语法从句知识点,并详细讲解其用法和例句。

一、名词性从句名词性从句可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。

常见的名词性从句有:宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1. 宾语从句宾语从句通常作为主句的宾语,用来回答“what, where, when, why, how”等疑问词。

宾语从句的引导词有:that, whether/if及连接代词和连接副词。

例句:I don't know where he went yesterday.(我不知道他昨天去哪儿了。

)He asked me if I could help him with the project.(他问我是否能帮他完成这个项目。

)2. 主语从句主语从句位于句子主语的位置,引导词常常是“what, who, which, whether”等。

例句:What he said is true.(他所说的是真的。

)Whether we can go camping depends on the weather.(我们是否能去野营取决于天气。

)3. 表语从句表语从句用来解释或说明主语的身份、特征、状态等。

常用的引导词有:that, whether, who, which等。

例句:The important thing is that you are safe.(重要的是你平安。

)The question is whether he will come to the party.(问题是他是否会来参加聚会。

)4. 同位语从句同位语从句用来对某个名词或代词进行解释或说明。

常用引导词为:that, who, what等。

例句:The news that he passed the exam made us happy.(他通过了考试的消息让我们很高兴。

考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句

考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句

考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】【考点五】语法考点归纳5(定语从句、名词性从句)定语从句考点归纳1.高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上,包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词只有6个,即:that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词只有3个,即:when,where,why。

2.选择关系代词和关系副词的方法:由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用(引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分),所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。

把先行项/词还原到从句中,看看该用什么关系词来替代。

例如:I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词ascientist还原到从句中就是:the scientist’s name is known all over thecountry 可见从句中缺定语,这里该填whose。

又如:The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句:I studied for two years in the school. “in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语,在从句中作状语,要用where(=in which)来替代。

3.注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别:as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首,而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。

4.注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况,以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

高中英语知识点归纳名词性从句和定语从句的不同功能

高中英语知识点归纳名词性从句和定语从句的不同功能

高中英语知识点归纳名词性从句和定语从句的不同功能在学习英语的过程中,名词性从句和定语从句是我们经常会遇到的语法知识点。

它们都属于从句的一种,但是在句子中所起的作用却有所不同。

本文将归纳总结名词性从句和定语从句的不同功能。

一、名词性从句的功能名词性从句在句子中充当名词的作用,可以担任主语、宾语、表语和同位语等。

具体来说,名词性从句可以有以下几种功能:1. 主语名词性从句可以作为句子的主语,引导句子的核心内容。

例如:- What you said is true.(你所说的是真的。

)2. 宾语名词性从句可以作为句子的宾语,接受动作的影响。

例如:- I don't know what he did last night.(我不知道他昨晚做了什么。

)3. 表语名词性从句可以作为句子的表语,用来修饰主语或宾语,说明其属性或状态。

例如:- His dream is to become a doctor.(他的梦想是成为一名医生。

)4. 同位语名词性从句可以作为同位语,解释或补充前面的名词内容。

例如:- The fact that he passed the exam surprised everyone.(他通过了考试的事实让每个人都感到惊讶。

)二、定语从句的功能定语从句在句子中充当定语的作用,用来修饰名词或代词。

具体来说,定语从句可以有以下几种功能:1. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句用来对被修饰的名词进行限定,它的信息对于句子的整体意义非常重要,如果去掉该定语从句,句子会失去明确的意义。

例如:- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。

)2. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句用来对被修饰的名词进行补充说明或陈述,它的信息对句子的整体意义相对较为次要。

如果去掉该定语从句,句子的意义仍然可以保持完整。

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【考点五】语法考点归纳5(定语从句、名词性从句)定语从句考点归纳1.高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上,包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词只有6个,即:that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词只有3个,即:when,where,why。

2.选择关系代词和关系副词的方法:由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用(引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分),所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。

把先行项/词还原到从句中,看看该用什么关系词来替代。

例如:I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是:the scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语,这里该填whose。

又如:The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句:I studied for two years in the school.“in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语,在从句中作状语,要用where(=in which)来替代。

3.注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别:as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首,而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。

4.注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况,以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

考点精析1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you他就是你想见的人吗 (who/that在从句中作主语)Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的.(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如:A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了 (which/that在句中作宾语)2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.(1). When, there, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗(2). that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.3.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.例如:(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days agoA. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案: (1) D (2) A关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).4.限制性和非限制性定语从句(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那栋房子 (限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的 (非限制性)(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的, 例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍5.介词+关系词(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.(2)that前不能有介词.(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(This is the house where I lived two years ago)Do you remember the day on which you joined our club(Do you remember the day when you joined our club)6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this或and that. as 引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.Tom, as we know is from England.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.7.关系代词的that用法(1)不用that的情况1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:2)介词后不能用.例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时, 只用that, 不用which.3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.名词性从句考点归纳1.在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句(the Noun Clause)。

根据它们在句中所充当的成分不同,名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。

2.广东高考对名词性从句的考查主要体现在连词的选择及各类名词性从句的应用上,注意掌握常见的从属连词that、if、whether等的用法、常见的连接代词who、what、which、whoever等的用法以及常见的连接副词when、where、why、how等的用法。

3.几个要注意的问题:A.同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别:一方面从概念和功能上区别:名词性从句作同位语一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。

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