篇章翻译
篇章翻译技巧PPT课件
理解与表达
理解
注意事项
准确把握原文含义，包括语言知识、 文化背景、逻辑关系等。
避免直接字面翻译，注意语境和语气 的转换。
表达
将理解的内容用目标语言表达出来， 注意语言的地道性、流畅性和准确性。
语篇衔接与连贯
语篇衔接
保持原文的逻辑关系，合理使用 连接词、代词等语法手段。
语篇连贯
保持整体语篇的流畅性和一致性， 避免出现语义断裂和逻辑混乱。
篇章翻译技巧ppt课件
目 录
• 篇章翻译概述 • 篇章翻译的技巧 • 篇章翻译的实践 • 篇章翻译的评估与改进 • 篇章翻译的未来发展
01
篇章翻译概述
篇章翻译的定义
篇章翻译定义
篇章翻译是将一种语言的完整语篇或段落准确、流畅地转换成另一种语言的过 程。
篇章翻译与句子翻译的区别
篇章翻译更注重整体性和连贯性，而句子翻译则更注重语法和词汇的准确性。
信息传播速度
信息传播速度加快，要求翻译者具备快速、准确获取和处理信息的 能力。
文化交流与认同
全球化背景下，文化交流与认同成为篇章翻译的重要任务，要求翻译 者具备跨文化交流的能力。
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语言学
研究语言的结构、功能和演变，为篇章翻译提供语言学基 础。
文化学
研究文化差异、文化交流和文化认同，提高篇章翻译的文 化敏感性和准确性。
传播学
研究信息传播的规律和技巧，提高篇章翻译的传播效果和 影响力。
全球化背景下的篇章翻译挑战与机遇
语言多样性
随着全球化进程加速，需要翻译的语言种类越来越多，对翻译者的 语言能力提出更高要求。
翻译技巧
注重信息传递的准确性和流畅性 ，遵循新闻翻译的“三贴近”原 则，即贴近原文、贴近作者、贴
篇章翻译英译汉
英译汉San Francisco“San Francisco， open your Golden Gate，” sang the girl in the theatre. She never1 finished her song. That date was 18th April，1906. The earth shook and the roof suddenly divided，buildings crashed2 to the ground and people rushed out into the streets. The dreadful earthquake destroyed the city that had grown up when men discovered gold in the deserts of California.3 But today the streets of San Francisco stretch over more than forty steep hills，rising like huge cliffs above the blue waters of the Pacific Ocean.The best way to see this splendid city，where Spanish people were the first to make their homes，is to take one of the old cable cars which run along the nine main avenues. Fares are cheap； they have not risen，I‟m told，for almost a hundred years.4You leave5 the palm trees in Union Square --- the heart of San Francisco --- and from the shop signs and the faces around you，you will notice that in the city live people from many nations --- Austrians，Italians，Chinese and others6 --- giving each part a special character. More Chinese live in China Town than in any other part of the world outside China.7 Here，with Chinese restaurants， Chinese post-boxes， and even odd telephone-boxes that look like pagodas，it is easy8 to feel you are in China itself.Fisherman‟s Wharf， a place all foreigners want to see，is at the end of the ride. You get out， pause perhaps to help the other travelers to swing the cable car on its turntable （a city custom），and then set out to find a table in one of9 the gay little restaurants beside the harbor. As you enjoy the fresh Pacific seafood you can admire the bright red paint of the Golden Gate Bridge in the harbor and watch the traffic crossing beneath the tall towers on its way to the pretty village of Tiberon .漫步旧金山“旧金山，敞开你的金门吧！”剧院里女歌手唱道，可惜她再也没能唱完1。
翻译篇章
英译汉 1I found it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time. Being in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating. I love to be alone. I have never found a companion that was as friendly as solitude. We are for the most part lonelier when we go abroad among men than when we stay in our homes. A man thinking or working is always alone. Solitude is not measured by miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellowmen. The really diligent student in one of the crowded rooms of a college is as a hermit in the desert. The farmer can work alone in the fields or the woods all day, weeding or chopping, and not feel lonesome, because he is employed. But when he comes home at night, he cannot be alone. He must be where he can see “the folks”, and he thinks, repay himself for his day’s solitude. So he wonders how the student can sit alone in the house all night and most of the day without boredom and the “blues”. But he does not realize that the student, although in his house, is still at work in his field, and chopping in his woods. as the farmer in his, and in turn seeks the same recreation and society that the latter does, though it may be a more condensed form of it.我发现人若大部分时间用于独处，将有益身心。
第八章篇章翻译解析
read, “ The most beautiful spot on campus is not
▪ Halliday & Hasan 在Cohesion in English 中将英语的衔接手段分成五大类：
▪ 照应 reference ▪ 替代 substitution ▪ 省略 ellipsis ▪ 连接 conjunction ▪ 词汇衔接 lexical cohesion
另一种分类法：陈宏薇
▪ 比较照应在语篇中起上下承接的作用。 因为任何 比较至少要涉及两个实体或事态，语篇中如果有 表达比较意义的词语出现，会话参与者或读者便 会在上下文中寻找与其构成比较关系的其它词语。 比较照应的语篇衔接功能就是这样发挥作用的。
▪ 例1：
▪ Tom gets ten dollars a week for pocket money, and Bob receives a similar amount.
▪ 稍稍能安慰我们的，是在那石上有一个不大不 小的坑凹儿，雨天就盛满了水。（贾平凹 《丑 石》）
▪ The only thing that had interested us in the ugly stone was a little pit on top of it, which is filled with water on rainy days.
▪ 每年农历十二月二十以后，海岛上 的居民便开始进入过年倒计时。先 搞卫生，掸去一年尘土。接着准备 食品，做年糕，炒倭豆、炒番薯片、 打米花糖。二十五、二十六起，家 家户户开始“谢年”：祀祖先。
▪ Every year after the 20th of the lunar 12th month, inhabitants on the island would start their countdown on the Spring Festival. They would sweep their houses clean, flickering every bit of dust off the furniture. After that they begin to prepare various foods: steamed New Year cakes, fried beans, fired sweet potato chips, and baked rice cookies. On the 25th and 26th of the month, households start their “New Year Thanks-giving” rites to pay homage to their ancestors.
篇章翻译
人，一落生，就想着去做自己力所能及的事情。
先是闭着眼睛用小嘴拼命寻找吃的，没多少日子就试着用小手抱着大奶瓶不放了。
才会坐，就想爬；刚能爬，就要走；还没站稳，就迈楼梯了。
这就是生命、生长。
一旦停止了迸发自我潜力的追求，生命原地踏步了，青春就会悄悄陨逝，遗下的只是机械的生理重复。
Human beings, since they were born, tend to do things within their reach. They seek for foods with their mouths like beans before opening eyes and then they try to catch the big baby bottles tightly by hand. Crawling immediately after they are able to sit up, walking after crawling, climbing the stairs after having not yet kept their feet. This is what we call life or development. Once we cease from the pursuit of bursting out own potential, getting stuck in the rut, youth will slip past time, leaving automatic physiological repetition.。
篇章翻译方法技巧
语言习惯差异的处理
语言习惯差异的表现
不同国家和地区的语言习惯存在差异，例如表达方式、 语序、语气等。这些差异可能会影响翻译的准确性和流 畅性。
处理方法
在处理语言习惯差异时，可以采用归化、异化、语序调 整等方法，使译文更符合目标语言的表达习惯。同时， 需要保持原文的语义和信息完整，避免因语言习惯差异 而造成信息的丢失或误解。
逻辑连贯性
03
保持原文的逻辑连贯性是篇章翻译的核心要求，译文需在结构
上与原文保持一致。
篇章翻译的重要性
01
跨文化交流的桥梁
篇章翻译在跨文化交流中起到桥 梁作用，促进不同语言和文化之 间的理解和沟通。
02
信息传递的保障
03
语言学习的促进
在商务、科技、文学等领域，篇 章翻译是准确传递信息的必要手 段。
跨文化沟通能力
除了语言和文化知识外，译者还需要具备良好的跨文化沟通能力，能够灵活应对不同文化背景下 的交际需求。
多元化翻译标准的建立
准确性
篇章翻译的首要标准是准确性，即译文 必须忠实于原文的含义，不得出现歧义
或误解。
文体适切性
根据原文的文体和语域特点，译文应 该采用适当的语言风格和表达方式，
以符合原文的语体风格。
流畅性
流畅性是指译文的表达应该符合目标 语言的语法和习惯，读起来通顺自然， 易于理解。
可读性
可读性是指译文应该易于阅读和理解， 能够吸引读者的注意力并传达原文的 信息。
THANK YOU
感谢各位观看
篇章翻译的发展趋势与展望
人工智能在篇章翻译中的应用
人工智能技术
随着人工智能技术的不断发展，篇章翻译已经从传统的人工翻译逐渐转向机器 翻译。人工智能技术能够快速、准确地处理大量文本，提高翻译效率。
篇章翻译
汉语原文：一想到昨天遇见祥林嫂的事，也就使我不能安住。
那是下午，我到镇的东头访过一个朋友，走出来，就在河边遇见她，而且见她瞪着的眼睛的视线，就知道明明是向我走来的。
我这回在鲁镇所见的人们中，改变之大，可以说无过于她的了：五年前的花白的头发，即今已经全白，全不象四十上下的人，脸上瘦削不堪，黄中带黑，而且消尽了选前悲哀的神色，仿佛是木刻似；只有那眼珠间或一轮，还可以表示她是一个活物。
她一手提着竹篮，内中一只破碗，空的；一手柱着一支比她更长的竹竿，下端开了裂，她分明已经纯乎是一个乞丐了。
我就站住，预备她来讨钱。
“你回来了?”她先这样问。
“是的.”“这正好,你是识字的,又是出门人,见识得多,我正要问你一件事----”她那没有精采的眼睛忽然发光了。
我万料不到也却说也这样的话来，诧异的站着。
“就是----”她走近两步,放低了声音,极秘密似的切切的说,“一个人死了之后，究竟有没有魂灵？”参考译文Besides, the very thought of my running into with Hsiang Lin’s wife the day before made me uncomfortable. It happened in the afternoon after I had paid visit to a friend in the eastern part of the town. As I came out I her by the river. The way she fixed her eyes on me I was well aware she meant to speak to me. Of all the acquaintances I had seen this time at Luchen none had changed more than she did: her hair, which used to streaked with white five years earlier, was now all white. As a result, she looked not in the least like someone in her forties. Her awfully bony face, dark in its sallowness, with its former sadness gone, looking as if carved out of wood. Only an occasional jerk of her eyeball indicated she was still a living creature. In one hand she carried a wicker basket, in which was a broken bowl, empty; in the other she held a bamboo pole longer than her height, split at the bottom: it was clear she had been reduced to a beggar.I stood still, waiting for her to approach me and beg for money.“you have come back?”she asked me first.“yes.”“that is good. You are a scholar, and have traveled too and have seen much of the world. I just want to ask you something.”Her lusterless/blank/dull eyes suddenly lit up.I never expected she would talk to me in this way. So I stood there in bewilderment.“My question is.”She drew/took two paces nearer, and whispered very confidentially: “After a person dies, will he turn into a ghost or not?”汉语原文：故院原为紫禁城，已有550年历史。
《论语》12篇章原文+翻译
《论语》12篇章原文+翻译1. 学而第一学而时之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？n:1. Learning and Applying2. 为政第二为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。
n:2. Governing with VirtueGoverning with virtue is like the North Star, which remains fixed while the multitude of stars revolve around it.3. 八佾第三子曰：“八佾舞于庭，是可忍也，孰不可忍也？”n:3. The Eight DancesConfucius said, "___. But who is not tolerable?"4. 里仁第四子曰：“里仁为美。
择不处仁，焉得知？”n:4. ___ FamilyConfucius said, "Being kind within the family is beautiful. If one is unable to choose kindness, how can one understand it?"5. 公冶长第五子谓公冶长：“可妻也，虽在距之千里，可求也；可与也，虽在距之千里，可迎也。
”n:5. Gongye Chang6. 雍也第六子曰：“雍也可使南面。
”n:6. Yong YeConfucius said, "Yong Ye could be appointed as the one who ___."7. 颜渊第七子曰：“颜渊，季路可使南行。
”子路曰：“治！如之何？”子曰：“可与言而不可与行也。
”子路由此度名。
n:7. Yan YuanConfucius said, "Yan Yuan and Ji Lu could be ___ state." Zi Lu said, "If they were to be appointed, what should be done next?" Confucius said, "They can be taught what should be said, but not what should be done." After this, Zi Lu evaluated people according to their words.8. 季氏第八季氏将伐颛臾，冉有、季路见于孔子曰：“季氏将有事于颛臾。
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第六章篇章的翻译
课堂讲解一：享受
1.美国有一位80多岁的老人，花费了17年的时间，缝制了一床拼花棉被。
这床棉被在美国的民间艺术展中，引起观赏者极大兴趣。
有一位记者采访老人时问：“用17年缝制一床棉被，你不觉得辛苦、寂寞吗？”老人回答说：“不，一点也不。
这17年缝制一床棉被对我来说不是受苦，而是一种享受。
”
作家林斤澜写过一篇短文，说作家孙犁曾有一个出国机会，总人垂涎欲滴，但他轻易就放弃了，原因竟是：他不会打领带。
其实，不会打领带只是借口，关键是孙犁没有把出国当作享受。
孙犁的享受是什么呢？在他写的《书衣文录》里，有这样的句子：“东日透窗，光明在案。
裁纸装书，甚适。
”
人生的享受又许多中，然而，现在任么的享受变得越来越趋同了。
几乎每个人都认为，住豪宅开名车、大把花钱、吃山珍海味是享受。
而很少有人留意骑车、散步、种花养鸟、亲朋相聚、与爱人相濡以沫……都是人生的享受。
其实，享受和金钱无关，然而认识享受，全看我们又怎样的情怀。
课堂讲解二：最珍贵的废书
一天，收拾屋子，找出两本布满尘土的小学课本。
女友说还不扔了？我抚摸着书半晌没说话。
书是我上高中时妈妈为我买的。
妈妈是个一字不识的苗家妇女。
家乡有种风俗，一个女人在去世时，口里必须含银（或金）才能入土为安。
所以在贫困人家，攒钱置办一件小小的银饰便成了家庭生活的重要内容。
那一年，妈妈起早摸黑喂了两口猪，终于置了一对银手镯。
在临近高考的那段日子，妈妈时常进城给我送些吃的。
她知道我复习忙，每次都是匆匆来匆匆去。
有一天，妈妈去了不久却又回来，拉我到僻静处：“孩子，我替你买了两本考大学的书。
”
“什么！”我心里咯噔一下。
常听人说学校外面时常有人用假书、假资料骗那些来自山区一字不识的家长。
“人家说，只要用这书，考大学包中。
”
“哪来的钱？”
“镯子换的。
”
我抢过书，撕去包装，一阵巨大的绝望顿时袭上心头：两本小学课本竟然就骗走了妈妈的镯子！
“孩子，行吧？”
望着满怀希望的母亲，我强压下泪水和屈辱，“行，妈，行的！”
后来我考上了大学，妈妈高兴极了，说是两只镯子花得值。
她甚至想找卖给她书的人道谢！
“你妈后来知道真相了吗？”女友问。
“没有。
我永远都不会让她知道。
”
补充内容（两课时）：英语专业八级考试例讲（汉译英）
TEM(2002)
大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等.所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着.尤其在乡间,上千年来人们一致以不变的方式生活着.种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日岛广场拉琴,跳舞和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园.这样,每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗夜酒衍传了下来.
TEM(2003)
得病以前,我受父母宠爱,栽家中横行霸道,一旦隔离,拘禁栽花园山坡上以幢小房子里,我顿感打入冷宫,十分郁
郁不得志耆老.一个春天得傍晚,园中百花怒放,父母在园中设宴,一时宾客云集,笑语四溢.我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗帘,窥见园中大千世界,一片繁华,自己的哥姐,堂表弟兄,也穿插其间,个个喜气洋洋.一霎时,一阵被人摒弃,为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头,禁不住痛哭起来.
TEM(2006)
中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映锄人在自然界中与万物占着一个比较较为恰当的地位,而非绝对统治万物的主宰.因此我们的苦命,基本上比西方人为少为小;因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望于野心的大小而转移的.农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多,因此欲望也小得多.况中国古代素来以不滞于物,不为物役为最主要的人生哲学.并非我们没有守财奴,但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了.中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实，比西方人容易满足。