大学英语专业口译课程 第二课 memory training
温州大学外国语学院口译技巧训练顺序
会议口译中主要是涉及长期记忆（Long Term Memroy - LTM)和短期记忆（Short Term Memory- STM)。
下面是关于会议口译记忆训练的一些基本方法，与大家一起探讨。
LTM(Long Term Memory) 和STM(Short Term Memory)在口译中的区别:LTM在口译中主要指的是Consec Interpreting STM主要是指SI中使用到的记忆里。
两者是相互比较而言的，但同时其实两者也并不是划分如此的清晰，人的大脑的记忆过程也都是STM和LTM共同作用的结果。
所以口译中谈论的这两种记忆同心理学研究的人类大脑的记忆过程的概念还是有所区别的。
交替传译在交替传译中通常情况下演讲人在结束一段演讲后停顿由口译员进行翻译，演讲的内容则根据项常情况，演讲人又有所不同。
但是作为口译员的训练，则必须为最坏的情况做好打算。
在最初阶段建议采用短篇经过改写的文章作为训练材料，进行复述联系。
时间大约掌握在5-6分钟。
注意在开始阶段的时候不宜采用复杂内容，或者书面的文章进行训练。
任何一种技能的掌握都是有一个循序渐进的过程。
口译的训练同样也是，他还是一个信心培养的过程。
更多的接受培训的朋友我想在英文方面还是薄弱环节，同样包括那些自我感觉良好的情况在内，在英文表达方面还有很长的路要走。
所以开始简单材料，但是应该有一定的逻辑性。
逻辑在口译中一个最令人头痛的环节，你会发现自己把文章的内容已经做到了80%但是老外还是迷惑，有时候一个小的连接词，或者内容衔接上的差别，都会造成错误的理解。
所以训练中这同样也是一个不可忽略的环节。
书面的内容应该经过改写再来作为练习材料。
改写的目的是使文章更符合口语的习惯，口译在最初阶段的练习的目标应该是保证大的框架的完整，逻辑的清晰。
这一阶段应该保证相当的训练量。
保证至少4个小时每天的训练量，基本上两个星期，直到感觉处理内容比较顺手-前提需要考核自己复述的内容的质量。
口译记忆训练方法
口译记忆训练方法很多刚学口译的同学，往往只能记住发言的第一句和最后一句话。
如何才能改善自己的“口译记忆”呢?下面是店铺为大家收集关于口译记忆训练方法，欢迎借鉴参考。
记忆力在口译中的作用口译人员处于交谈者双方之间，而且是必不可少的中间人。
口译者要有坚实的外语基础,这些基础包括:良好的听力,较强的理解力,惊人的瞬时记忆力和清楚的表达能力。
只有这样的基础,项目口译才能将译语 (target text) 的信息以恰当的方式用原语 (source language) 再现出来。
也就是说这四个方面构成了项目口译的四个阶段,即:听懂、理解、记忆和表达。
人脑存贮语言符号的能力是有限的,人脑瞬时记忆贮存的能力更有限,对于口译来说这种记忆能力还常取决于译语水平的高低、语言转换能力、心理素质等多方面的因素。
所以要通过反复训练来培养这种记忆能力,尤其是瞬时记忆能力。
为什么“记忆力”对口译很重要?口译人员需要有非凡的记忆力，这完全是由口译工作的特定性质所决定的。
一方面，口译过程中，译员不可能查阅词典、资料、书籍等，译员必须记住大量的词汇，缩略词和成语、典故等，如：画蛇添足to paint the lily;用小虾钓大鱼 to throw as prat to catch a whale 等等。
有些成语译员能记住故事则更好，如“东施效颦”译成“Tung Shi imitates Xi Shi”，外国人恐怕很难理解，译员如加上解释，口译的效果就会很好。
：Xi Shi was a famous beauty in the ancient kingdom of Yue. Tung Shi was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her ways. Theugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes even worse.另一方面，译员要把演讲者所讲的内容忠实、详尽地用一种语言表达出来，需要有相当好的记忆力。
Memory training
意群切分
2）词汇衔接：最常见的词汇衔接是复现，即 词汇衔接：最常见的词汇衔接是复现，
通过同一个词的重复出现或通过该词的同 义词、反义词、上义词或下义词实现衔接。 义词、反义词、上义词或下义词实现衔接。
• 信息处理是指译员听到的决不是单词或话
语的堆积，而是语言表达后面所蕴涵的内 容和意义，因此在听到源语后，应对它进 行信息加工，整理出语言的逻辑结构，从 而把握住语言所表达的内容。
口译听力与一般听力练习的不同
• 外语听力练习一般较多地注意语言层面的东西，对信息的印象相对零
散，一般只要求听懂并能够做选择题或问答题就够了。 • 口译则要求译员需要在听懂的基础上对信息的整体和细节有全面的把 握，以便于能够迅速地用目的语流利、完整地表达出来。 • 能够听懂和能够表达是两种不同程度的要求，后者要求更高、难度更 大。
意群切分
Eg. 人称照应： The US president George Bush peddled his theories of democracy and freedom in many areas in the world. Wherever he traveled, he would never forget to make some speeches for that. Some of his speeches served as catalyst to some revolutions. 指示照应： The right to be educated has been deprived of children in some countries. It is not an uncommon phenomenon in present world where some other countries are considering how to refine their education system.
大学英语第三册第二课
护照 航空公司 航班 起飞 着陆 登机 安全检查 目的地
claim one’s baggage conveyor belt
airline ticket counter
认领行李 （行李）传送带 航空公司票务柜台 办理登机手续柜台 装货区 托运行李 （行李）领取凭证 登机牌 飞机女服务员
check-in counter loading area check (in) one’s baggage claim check boarding pass air hostess
现在分词短语常用来说明动词或整个句子所表达 的概念，这时它与副词短语相似，在句子中作状 knowing …和calming …是现在分词作状语。 语。常常表示时间、方式、伴随、原因、让步或 条件。分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。
Not knowing his phone number, I wrote him a letter. 表示原因 When leaving the airport, Yang Xia and Ding Meiyuan waved with tears to the Chinese delegates left in Sydney. 表示时间 Laughing and talking loudly, the audience left the stadium after the mears old,
When I was staying with my grandparents, I used to live in …
Proverbs and Sayings
Where there is interest, there is memory.
感兴趣的东西容易记忆。
2. As I was walking by the shops, I happened to see a display of flight bags, which reminded me of my briefcase.（Line 9）
口译短期记忆训练有什么方法
口译短期记忆训练有什么方法短期记忆对于有些人天生博闻强记，但是后天的训练也可以改善短期记忆力的，下面由店铺给你带来关于口译短期记忆训练方法，希望对你有帮助!口译短期记忆训练方法一、信息视觉化和现实化训练这种训练是针对大脑对意像语料的敏感性而设计的，旨在训练译员通过将信息内容现实化、视觉化来记忆信息的能力。
比如听到以下一段内容：I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrrupting our conversaiton. There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and –poof! –I became invisible, absent from the conversation. The park was filled with people talking on their cell phones. They were passing other people without looking at them, saying hello, noticing their babies or stopping to pet their puppies. Evidently, the untethered electronic voice is preferable to human contact.听到这一段生动形象的描述之后，译员便可在头脑中勾画这样一副图景：自己正与一位朋友在公园中散步、闲谈。
突然，谈话被朋友的手机打断。
然后放眼四周，发现到处是只顾自己拿着手机讲话而无暇互相交流的人们。
译员就这样通过现实化、形象化的方法将一篇复杂的描写转化成生活中一个再熟悉不过的镜头摄入了头脑。
然后，译员再用译语将眼前的这幅图景按照自己的方式描述出来即可。
口译第二课
14:30-17:00
18:30-20:30 09:00-11:30
参观、洽谈
欢迎宴会 市领导介绍招商政策和投资环境 自助午餐 参观、座谈 游览 欢送晚宴
科技园
五洲宾馆 五洲宾馆 五洲宾馆 华为集团、康佳集团 锦绣中华、民俗文化 村 五洲宾馆
Types of Preparation
• Long-term preparation • Short-term preparation
Long-term
• Means that interpreters shall be prepared every day for the potential interpreting tasks. • Training and exercising
Short-term
• Refers to the job that can only by prepare shortly before the interpreting task is taken. • What to prepare? 1. Meeting documents 2. Dictionaries and glossary 3. Notebooks and pens 4. Dresses and cards • How to prepare? 1. Read through the relevant documents 2. Contact the organizer and the speaker
Practice
• • • • 3.2 situation 1 Delegation 代表团 Enhance 增进 Well begun is half done. 良好的开端是成功 的一半 • Toast 祝酒
口译教学大纲
《口译》课程教学大纲课程名称：《口译》课程类别：专业核心课考核类别：考查适用对象：本科适用专业：英语总学时、学分：36学时2学分一、课程教学目的英语口译是为英语专业高年级学生开设的一门进行双语转换的基本技能训练课程。
通过讲授口译的工作程序和基本原理及训练的原则和方法，使学生在各个技能实践的基础上具有良好的记忆，快速的反应，宽广的知识面，良好的组织和表达能力等。
本课程主要目标是帮助学生掌握口译的基本技能：记忆、笔记、综述、信息的快速分析、数字转换、连贯的表达等等，以及掌握不同口译场合所需的应对策略。
二、课程教学要求通过讲授口译基本理论、口译背景知识以及对学生进行口译基本技巧的训练，结合口译实践，使学生掌握口译的基本理论和专题连续传译的技能，初步学会口译记忆方法、口译笔记、口头概述、公众演讲等基本技巧和口译基本策略，培养学生的话语分析能力，提高学生的逻辑思维能力、语言组织能力和双语表达能力。
注意培养学生关心时事的信息意识，积累知识，掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法，提高各项交际技能综合运用的能力，提高学生的综合人文素质。
三、先修课程本课程应是在听、说、译都具备较高水平的基础上进行学习的，在此之前就需要进行听力、口语、翻译理论与实践等相关课程的学习。
四、课程教学重、难点重点：口译课程的重点在于口译核心技能的单项训练，以及多主题多题材的口译综合训练。
课程通过大量模拟练习，使学生熟练掌握基本技能，积累各类主题的口译知识。
难点：由于多数同学没有口译实战经验，因此授课过程中的难点体现在：（1）如何使学生们身临其境地感受到口译实战的要求及压力，从而学会适应口译现场要求，养成良好的临场应变技能；（2）如何解决“听得懂但译不出”的普遍问题；（3）如何解决“听到但记不下笔记，不会记笔记”的问题；（4）如何解决“记得下但看不懂、译不准”的问题；（5）如何有效识别、获取和翻译主要信息，而不停滞于某个具体单词的口译上；（6）如何将数字与所代表的内容正确地结合在一起；（7）如何迅速准确地进行双语转换的问题；（8）如何通过储备大量百科知识，为各类口译夯实基础的问题。
大学英语专业口译课程第二课
MEMORY
Instant memory Short-term memory(working
memory) Long-term memory(permanent
memory)
INSTANT MEMORY
1352656261894532
1/5 seconds
LONG TERM MEMORY
Short-term memory is constantly utilized by interpreters and notetaking is to assist STM.
SHORT-TERM MEMORY TRAINING 记 忆点、记忆线、记忆网
Analyze the logic of the text 1. classification 2. cause-effect 3. compare-contrast 4. sequencing 5. simple listing
SESSION 2
Listening for Interpreting Memory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To improve students’ listening skill for interpreting
To tap students’ short-term memory
SKILL FOCUS
1. 抓关键词、意群和意义单位。 Key words: subject, verb,
number, time , words for emphasis Sense group or sense unit
We must also support the world’s farmers // by removing export restrictions and levies on food commodities //, in particular those procured for humanitarian purposes;// and cut agricultural subsidies in developed countries // to free new resources for agricultural investment in low-income,
口译教程unit2第二单元教案
口译教程U N I T2第二单元教案-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIANUNIT 2 第二单元教案来源：口译-学院精品课程作者：Jay J YangMemoria Technica (II)口译记忆（二)Unit Objective (单元目标)After reading this unit you should☆ understand the process of memorization.☆ master the “Memoria Technica”.Warm-up (准备)1. Two students are requested to sit at the Interpreting Desk or Booth, acting as interpretors of the class. Their performance is evaluated and graded by instructor.2.One or Two students are asked to present a piece of news or a weather forecast of the week.Theory of Interpretation II (口译理论二)口译记忆过程：源语信息编码+信息存储+信息提取+译语信息解码口译记忆方法：源语复述；总结概括；逻辑整理；影子练习。
Memoria Technica (记忆法)Listen to the following sentences, and try to catch the key words and details, then repeat as accurately as possible:A. Two sentences repeating::Sentences from Textbook Unit One as a part of review:1.20 years ago, almost to the day, President Ronald Reagan spoke at thisuniversity and expressed the essence of economic and political freedom.pared t o President Nixon’s, or even President reagon’s day, many Chinesecitizens are now freer to make their own ways of life ---- to choose carers, toaquire property, and to travel.3.China’s economic success has also come about through far greater integrationinto the world economy. In the last decades, your country has emerged asmajor exporter of all kinds of manufactured goods, from heavy machinery,to computers, to toys.Sentences prepared by instructor:4.The European colonists first sailed west to America and founded their firstsettlements on the Atlantic Coast.5.The United States became the World’s first modern democracy after its breakwith Great Britain in 1776 and the adoption of a constitution in 1789.6.Congress is the legislative branch of the Union. It consists of two houses: theHouse of representatives and the Senate. according the constitution, the twohouses are of equal importance and check each other.7.The US has the most technologically powerful, diverse, advanced and largesteconomy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $33,900.8.Lishui College is co-administrated by the Provincial Education Commission andthe city government.9.China’s institutions of higher learning are classified as comprehensiveuniversities, science and engineering universities and specialized institutes.10.At present, Chinese educational system can be divided into four stages.Preschool education refers to the period of going to nurseries andkindergartens. School age begins at 6. Primary education lasts for 6 years, sodoes the secondary education. It takes 4 years for students to finish tertiaryeducation.11.In kindergartens, children are mainly taught some basic morals, such ashonesty, courage, discipline, cooperation and good manners, and basicknowledge of simple arithmetic, drawing, singing and dancing.12.Lishui 2nd Middle School is a key school of the province. The major coursesstudents take are Chinese, Mathematics, English, Politics, History, Geography, Biology, physics, Chemistry, physical Culture, Music and Fine Arts.13.The former Lishui TeacherCollege was founded in 1978. It was upgraded intothe LishuiUniversity last year. There are now about 8000 students ofundergraduates. Most of them are residential.14.Universities have been undergoing some educational reforms in recent years.An obvious method is to adopt credit system, which allows students tograduate ahead of schedule when they complete the regulated credits.15.Starting from a few years ago,, students have to pay for their schooling in theform of tuition fee. In order to encourage students to study hard,Universities grants scholarship at different levels with a total coverage of70%.B. Retelling an article:A SpeechOn behalf of Oxford University , I would like to thank you for all you have done for us. Ever since we arrived, we have been enjoying nothing but the warmest friendship and hospitality. You have opened your hearts as well as your homes to us. While our stay has been very short, we feel that it has been very rewarding, not only professionally, but in making new friends and broadening the channels of contact.I would like to conclude with the hope that all of you will have a chance to come to the United States very soon, not only to continue our common pursuits of professional interest, but to partake out hospitality as well.Finally allow me to propose a toast to the health and happiness of all the ladies and gentlemen present here.Cultural Salon or Seminar (文化沙龙或研讨会)In the last 20 minutes will be a cultural salon or seminar. Two or three students who have been asked to prepare a speech in advance on a given topic. Students will do the oral interpretation.Topic: My HometownHomework Assignments (课后作业)Work on Exercise 1-2 in Unit 2 of the Textbook: Text 1.1, Text 2.1Task: Listen to the article and then start repeating at the end of each segment.Reference (单元参考资料)仲伟合主编：《英语口译教程》（上下册），高等教育出版社，2005年版。
口译记忆
三种记忆的作用
这三种记忆在口译过程中各司其职：瞬时 记忆有瞬间感知信息、接收外界信号的作 用，所以通常与源语听辨有关；短时记忆 与长时记忆都有一定的持续时间，所以与 译员对源语信息的储存有关；而长时记忆 的持续时间最长，有积累和相互重叠的特 点，所以与译员长期以来的语言学习和知 识积累有关。
就记忆而言，“瞬时记忆”是口译的前提， “短时记忆”是口译的关键，“长时记忆” 是口译的基础。
Comments
这句话大致是以下的信息单位依次进入译 员的记忆：
1）we have heard a lot interesting points from the speakers who have gone before me（在我 发言之前，我们已听到许多发言人很有意 义的见解）
2）about creating a supportive investment climate（就创造鼓励性的投资环境）
Modern times 1h13m
Tactics of memorizing information
Visualization Outlining information Rearranging information
1.Visualization形象化记忆
This means that the interpreter should visualize what the speaker is saying in interpretation. It is applicable to the retaining of information in such speech types as narration, description and introduction.
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Short-term
memory is constantly utilized by interpreters and note-taking is to assist STM.
SHORT-TERM MEMORY TRAINING 记忆点、记忆线、记忆网
Analyze
the logic of the text 1. classification 2. cause-effect 3. compare-contrast 4. sequencing 5. simple listing
Ceremonial speeches
Flowering words: 1. Distinguished guests , ladies and gentlemen.
2. I have the pleasure/honor/privilege to declare the 11th Asian Games open.
SKILL-RELATED EXERCISES
Please
read the following passages and do sight interpreting exercise.
Passage
After
all, we know that a green fiscal stimulus, placing emphasis on improved energy efficiency and renewable technologies can be very effective at creating jobs, stimulating the economy and delivering a competitive advantage in a world which is waking up to the fact that we must go green now.
Sequencing
November
10, 2001 access WTO ----- since then ECO take-off
Compare-contrast
economic
take-off----- However,
challenge
SHORT-TERM MEMORY TRAINING
SESSION 2
Listening for Interpreting Memory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To
improve students’ listening skill for interpreting To tap students’ short-term memory Learn the basics of reception and ceremonial speeches
3 关注具体语境（Context） Danica Seleskovitch A British representative: ―They are there for attention, not retention.‖ Hillary 2009 Graduation Ceremony of New York University ― study abroad is like spring training for this century‖
1
SKILL FOCUS
1.
抓关键词、意群和意义单位。 Key words: subject, verb, number, time , words for emphasis Sense group or sense unit
We
must also support the world’s farmers // by removing export restrictions and levies on food commodities //, in particular those procured for humanitarian purposes;// and cut agricultural subsidies in developed countries // to free new resources for agricultural investment in lowincome, food-insecure countries. 得“意”忘“形”
3. It is my great honor/privilege to declare the commencement of the World Economic Forum in Tianjin.
4.
On behalf of the Chinese Government and people and in my own name, I would like to extend my warm welcome to all the experts present here today. I would also like to express my congratulations on the successful seminars held during the past three days and I’d like to extend my gratitude to all the volunteers for their hard work.
Segment
3 ( Homework) President Obama’s Toast in welcoming President Hu and the Chinese delegation
Passage
After
15 years of negotiation, on November 10, 2001 at the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar, WTO members formally approved the accession package of the People’s Republic of China. Since then, China witnesses an economic take-off when more foreign investors are flocking into China with their advanced technologies or managing expertise. However, when opportunities come, challenges arises. Chinese national economy may be dealt with a blow when Chinese manufacturing industry loses ground to foreign counterpart in terms of technology or management expertise, or the prospect of Chinese service industry darkens as mature foreign service companies are sweeping their victories.
听辨下列英文句子,
或段落 ，尝试建立记忆支点 和记忆线。然后用中文复述所听得内容。 听辨中 不作记录。 One –Sentences (07:08—08:30) 记忆技 能训练
Task
Task
Task
Two– Paragraphs (33:20-34:40) Three– Passage （01:03:50—05:18）
Repeating NPC
: National People’s Congress CPPCC: Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency
SHORT-TERM MEMORY
SHORT-TERM MEMORY TRAINING
Listen
to the segment in English, find out the logic of it and reproduce it in the source language.
Sentence----Paragraph----
CLASS LAYOUT
. vocabulary checking 2. listening for interpreting 3. memory training 4. interpreting a reception conversation 5. interpret ceremonial speeches
reception
interpreting （） Words for reference: 上级：senior 合作备忘录：a memorandum of cooperation 名胜: places of interest 小心/谨慎: be cautious 小作坊: workshop
Thank you for your gracious hospitality.
5.
LISTEN TO THE SPEECH SEGMENT BY SEGMENT AND INTERPRET THEM INTO CHINESE AT THE END OF EACH SEGMENT. .
•Refer to page 31 of 《高口》 (03:00)
MEMORY
Instant
memory Short-term memory(working memory) Long-term memory(permanent memory)
INSTANT MEMORY