杭州名校真题系列：2016-2017八上期末江干区统考
杭州个别区2016-2017学年八年级上册期末汇总
单词拼写余杭区1. The restaurant has the w service of the three. Many people don’t want to go there.2. The little girl are looking forward to h from her friend soon.3. Problems and worries are n in life. We should not run away from them.4. I h out in the park with my close friend yesterday. It was really relaxing.5. Don’t go to school or go to work w breakfast. It’s not good for our healthy.6. What can we do to help the poor children? We should take it s .7. Remember to take this medicine only o a day after meals.8. T the old man lives alone, he is happy.9. Ellen is t . She can sing, dance and paint very well.10. “Help y to some chicken.” Alice said to us.下沙1. Sunshine Cinema is the c to my home. It’s just next to my house.2. Tom isn’t leaving u next Monday.3. Uncle Wang often tells j to make us laugh.4. My grandpa often dresses h up as Santa Clause on Christmas Day.5. The w always gets a very good prize in the talent show.6. How much should he pay? That’s up to him to d !7. Miss Smith is very kind to her students. She t cares about them.8. Chairman Xi attended(出席) the o ceremony of G20 in Hangzhou.9. ---That’s Tara, i it?---No, it’s Tina.10. If the others don’t want to come, we will go w them.西湖区1. In Hangzhou, which movie t has the biggest IMAX screen?2. I can do it m . Don’t worry. It’s OK for me.3. Some think the game Pokeman Go is great, but others don’t. Which side do you a ?4. ---How much h do you need for this fruit salad?---One spoon.5. Be careful. Don’t make this kind of c mistakes any more.6. W Mrs. Wu’s help, we can’t work it out so quickly.7. The air pollution this year in Hangzhou is becoming b than it was last year.8. A many people didn’t believe Trump could win, he made it in the end.9. Just speak q . Dad is sleeping in the next room.10. The Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui first a in Rio 2016 and soon became a popular star.上城区1. Tim is in bed with a t of 40℃, and he needs a good rest.2. Once flying to the moon was i for people and few people believed that, however, people now can take a rocket to reach there.3. Leo likes computer science very much, and he learns it all by h in his spare time.4. Lisa is going to spend the vacation in a village so she can enjoy herself q .5. According to a survey, more than 40 p of Chinese cities are facing the hazy(雾霾) weather every year.6. I w if I could pass the exam. Luckily, Mr Lee told me I did it.7. If buildings fall down with people i , fire fighters come to save the people under the building.8. Mark is going to study history at a u after he finishes high school.9. Sam h around the West Lake with his friend yesterday, enjoying the beauty of the lake.10. I’d like to find a friend who is s to me and we can have something in common.语法填空余杭区Nowadays Wechat(微信) is more and more. I often talk to my English friends on Wechat to help me speak English (good) than before. And I can read lots of (information) on Wechat that can make me know more around. Some news also makes me become more careful. Sometimes I feel Wechat is like mirror that helps me see something (clear).now, Wechat brings me some trouble as well. Some friends put photos of the real things on Wechat to tell what they sell is really good. I am angry about (that) advertisements(广告). Because some of them may be not true. As a (say) goes, seeing is believing. I know people are cheated(被欺骗) by some news easily. What’s worse, some news always ask us (send) it to others. This (make) me not comfortable! Friends seem to become enemies! In fact, I am thinking about never using Wechat on my phone again because using it too much is bad my eyes.下沙To: ClassSubject: An InvitationDear classmates,I am glad to tell you a piece of good news. We will hold a classmate party the evening of Friday, August 18th. Would you like (come)?We (have) the party in Sunshine Restaurant. It starts at 6 in the evening. A lot of classmates will come on time.(one), we will have buffet(自助餐). You can taste delicious Chinese food. If you like western food (good), there are also all kinds of Spaghetti, sandwiches and steaks. And we have ice-cream some fantastic drinks.At the party, you can enjoy beautiful music by our classmates, exciting street dances by some boys, and wonderful performances by a famous (magic). There will be a talent show, too. Everyone who takes part in the party will get small gift. Please don’t be late for the party.We are looking forward to (see) you soon.Best wishes!(you) sincerely,Cindy西湖区How does technology(科技) change lives? Many think it is great. For most people, technology means you can do (much) in less time and have fun while doing it. Here’s one example.People make letters with smoke from airplanes. People can see the letters from the streets, buildings and places far from the sky. It’s called skywriting. It (begin) in England. In 1922, the (one) words written in the sky over America were “Hello USA”. That year skywriting began to be used for advertising. It kept popular until the 1950s. It’s difficult to put a message the sky. The pilot must count numbers to know when to turn the smoke on and off. Wind moves the letters, so the pilot (watch) their shadows on the ground or their (shape) in the sky. If it’s a (snow) day, the pilot in the plane can’t see the white letters, we on the ground can see them in the sky. People are so (create) to have romantic time!However, for some people, technology can be so much more than just for fun. It can change(they) lives. Most believe tomorrow’s technology comes out right side up!上城区Tony: What a delicious smell! Your pizza looks so nice.Betty: Thanks! I’m preparing for the party. Many friends will come here. It is a big event for(we).Tony: Exactly!Bob: What are those on top?Betty: Oh, they’re cheese and (tomato). Do you want to try a piece?Bob: Ugh! No, thanks. I’m afraid I don’t like cheese, it smells too strong.Betty: Well, my chocolate cookies are done now. Have a try!Bob: I love them! They taste (real) sweet and they feel soft in the middle.Tony: Are you cooking lots of different things? You look very busy!Betty:Yes, I am! you know, t here’s a lot of food to prepare before the party. There’s some pizza and some cookies, and now I’m(make) an apple pie and a cake.Bob: Apple pie sounds nice. Shall I get the sugar?Betty:Yes, please. Oh, are you sure that’s sugar? Taste it (one). It might be salt!Bob: No, it’s OK. It tastes sweet. It’s sugar.Tony: What’s this? It tastes sweet, .Betty:That’s strawberry jam, for the cake.Bob: Good, everything tastes so sweet! It’s my (luck) day!Betty&Tony: Haha. No sweet sweat(汗水).完形填空余杭区“Who needs a shopping center if you have Taobao?" says Wang Lin, 28, a writer in Beijing. Taobao is 1 online shopping site in China. It has become an important part of Wang Lin's life. She 2 lots of money buying the things she likes on Taobao.A growing number of Chinese Internet users 3 Wang Lin have found the fun of online shopping. They don’t have to spend a lot of time going to the shops. Just click the mouse, they can find almost 4 they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to DVD players.5 online shoppers are students or young workers. More women6 on line than men. According to a survey,7 and household things are the most popular on their shopping list. “People like to buy clothes online8 they can often buy the clothes at a very good price.” Wang Lin Says. Taobao means “9 treasure” in Chinese.The most important 10 for an online shopper is the November 11th -Singles’ Day shopping festival. At first, it is 11 a day to celebrate being single, but now, it means the biggest online promotion(促销) in China. Online shoppers from 217 countries outside China 12 the shopping festival.You 13 worried about the security(安全性) of online shopping. Wang Lin said, “Unless you receive the products from the sellers and are satisfied with them, the shop owner 14 the money. You can 15 get your money back if you want to return the products."( )1. A. the poorest B. the simplest C. the largest D. the smartest( )2. A. spends B. pays C. costs D. takes( )3. A. of B. with C. at D. like( )4. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything( )5. A. All B. Most C. A little D. Few( )6. A. discuss B. promise C. shop D. accept( )7. A. clothes B. toys C. books D. food( )8. A. so B. though C. because D. until( )9. A. looking after B. looking for C. looking out D. looking forward to( )10. A. rule B. time C. way D. person( )11. A. quite B. certainly C. pretty D. just( )12. A. refused B. chose C. expected D. joined( )13. A. may be B. can C. should be D. must( )14. A. will get B. will pay C. won’t get D. won’t pay( )15. A. also B. too C. either D. so far下沙Delia was a young pianist. Her husband, Joe, was a young artist. Each of them was taking lessons: Joe with a famous art teacher, and Delia with a great pianist from Germany. Their teachers were the very best, so lessons were 1 , more than they could really afford, but… when you love your art, 2 is too much.But soon the money began to run out, and they couldn’t afford the lessons any more. Then one day Delia came back home and told Joe that she had met a man whose daughter, Sally, wanted to learn the piano, and he was going to 3 her $50 an hour.“Delia,”Joe said, “I’ll be much 4 if you keep up your lessons,” Delia said it didn’t matter. “When I’ve had some money, I’ll go on with it.” But Joe also 5 his lessons to draw pictures and sell them.A few days later, Joe came home and 6 took $200 from his pocket. “I met a man from Vermont,” he said, “and h 7 one of my pictures. And he wants to buy more!”So the two of them were very happy. They didn’t have to worry any more about 8 .One day, Joe came home and saw that Delia’s hand was wrapped in a bandage(绷带). He asked her what had happened. “Oh,”said Delia, “my student, Sally, asked me to make some coffee for her.I dropped the coffee and burned my 9 . Sally went straight to the drugstore and got this bandage for me. ”“Delia, 10 have you been doing these days?”Joe asked. She tried not to tell him, but the tears 11 . “Oh Joe, I couldn’t get any students, so I worked as a waitress in a restaurant. Today, I burned my hand with hot water. So I can’t work any more. 12 we’ll still have money from the man in Vermont, won’t we?”Joe looked at her. “There’s13 man in Vermont, ”he said. “I’ve been working in a 14 and today someone came in to buy bandages 15 a woman who’s burned her hand. So when I saw you, well, I guessed. ”Looking at each other, they both laughed.( )1. A. expensive B. cheap C. low D. high( )2. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything( )3. A. lend B. pay C. cost D. get( )4. A. sadder B. poorer C. happier D. richer( )5. A. lasted B. kept C. held D. stopped( )6. A. angrily B. excitedly C. quietly D. loudly( )7. A. bought B. brought C. saw D. borrowed( )8. A. pictures B. money C. jobs D. lessons( )9. A. leg B. hand C. arm D. face( )10. A. why B. where C. what D. how( )11. A. went B. disappeared C. arrived D. came( )12. A. So B. And C. But D. Or( )13. A. some B. a C. no D. another( )14. A. store B. school C. restaurant D. cinema( )15. A. from B. by C. for D. of西湖区It was still in deep night, everything seemed to be the same as usual.“Tommy!” called a clear little voice. Tommy 1 and sat up in bed. At the foot of the bed stood a boy about his own age, all dressed in 2 , like fresh snow. He had very bright eyes, and he 3 Tommy straightly. “Who are you?” asked Tommy.“I am the New Year!” said the boy. “This is my day, and I bring 4 your leaves.”“What leaves?” asked Tommy.“The new ones, to be sure!” said the New Year. “I hear 5 words of you from my Daddy...”“ 6 is your Daddy?” asked Tommy.“The Old Year, of course!” said the boy. “He said you asked too many questions and I see he was right. And one day you 7 your book into the fire. Now, all this 8 stop.”“Oh, must it?” said Tommy. He felt 9 , and didn’t know just what to say.“10 it does not stop,” the boy said, “you will grow 11 every year, till you grow up into a Terrible Man. Do you want to be a Terrible Man?”“N-no!” said Tommy.“Then you must stop being a terrible boy!” said the New Year. “Take your 12 !” and he held out a book made of leaves, all white.“Turn over one of these every day,” he said, “and soon you will be a good boy instead of a bad one.” Tommy took the leaves and looked at them. 13 each leaf were a few words. On one it said, “Help your mother!” On 14 , “Don’t eat so much!” And on still another, “Don’t fight Billy Jenkins!”“Oh!” cried Tommy. “I have to fight Billy Jenkins! He said ...”“Goodbye!”said the New Year. “I shall come 15 when I am old to see whether you are a good boy or a terrible one. Remember, ‘Terrible boy makes Terrible man’.”( )1. A. stood B. woke C. played D. walked( )2. A. red B. blue C. black D. white( )3. A. looked for B. looked at C. looked after D. looked down( )4. A. you B. me C. her D. him( )5. A. nice B. beautiful C. bad D. interesting( )6. A. How B. What C. Where D. Who( )7. A. threw B. bought C. left D. read( )8. A. might B. would C. could D. must( )9. A. happy B. interested C. brave D. afraid( )10. A. And B. If C. Though D. So( )11. A. taller B. worse C. super D. clever( )12. A. messages B. leaves C. exam D. exercise( )13. A. On B. Between C. From D. Beside( )14. A. other B. the other C. another D. others( )15. A. finally B. once C. too D. again上城区It started in kindergarten. I always climbed up to reach the books about the world and take them 1 the bookshelves to read. I noticed maps of oceans, countries, lakes and people. I made my 2 . I am going to see the world!Through 3 and amazing chances that came my way, I began to see the world. In South America, I walked through rainforests with mountains, animal life, and it really 4 a lot! Africa has a lot of languages among the people who live in cities and villages. I thought that Big Ben was a huge person 5 I saw it in Europe. Going to the top of the Eiffel Tower was exciting and fun. There I can find the people below look so small! I 6 different time zones(时区) and going from summer to winter. Asia was 7 when I became interested in the pandas. And it was a great chance to realize that animals big and small need the help of people like you and me. 8 , in Thailand, it was the elephants. I went to the “elephant camp” and 9 the elephants learn team-building. I was taking a boat trip in South America when offered the ticket to fly to Antarctica. It took me only one second to say 10 on the phone!My dream to visit all over the world became-reality!( )1. A. off B. for C. with D. out( )2. A. reason B. suggestion C. resolution D. diary( )3. A. advice B. travel C. games D. play( )4. A. snowed B. poured C. blew D. flew( )5. A. until B. if C. though D. after( )6. A. went in B. went along C. went through D. went over( )7. A. special B. common C. modern D. traditional( )8. A. First B. Before C. Finally D. Then( )9. A. showed B. caught C. watched D. joined( )10. A. sorry B. well C. no D. yes阅读理解余杭区Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on December 31st - January 1st. People may go to parties, sometimes dressed in formal（正式的）clothes, and the may drink champagne（香槟）at midnight. During the first minutes of the new year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the new wear with the first light of the sunrise.Many cultures also do special things to get rid of（摆脱）bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh（重新）. Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck the person will have in the tear. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!( )1. The reading is mainly about .A. the meaning of “Have New Year”B. several different New Year traditionsC. what to eat on New Year’s DayD. why people dress up nicely on New Year’s Day( )2. From this passage we know that .A. some cultures celebrate New Year in the morningB. the western people celebrate New Year only on New Year’s DayC. people in Ecuador go to parties on December 31st - January 1stD. no cultures do special things to celebrate New Year( )3. In some culture, people throw things into rivers or seas to .A. bring good luckB. keep away bad luckC. forget everythingD. plan for the next year( )4. To welcome a lucky new year, .A. some people say special things on New Year’s DayB. some families make many big dolls and beat themC. some people cook many pancakes on New Year’s DayD. people in Europe eat 365 grapes on New Year’s Day( )5. When eating black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day, people think .A. one pea brings on day of luckB. black-eyed peas are the best medicineC. the peas are too black and taste badD. the peas are helpful to count numbers( )6. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph)Jenny Williams was a strange little girl. She liked to spend her time alone eating chocolate. Her parents were worried,so they took all the chocolate away.Jenny left her house to look for some chocolate. She found a small house full of glasses. Among all the glasses, a blue glass caught Jenny's attention. It was full of chocolate. There was also a card in it, saying,“Tears for chocolate."Jenny was very excited. She took the blue glass and ran out of the house to look for someone crying. First, she met a little boy crying hard,and she collected his tears. The tears were quickly changed into chocolate. While Jenny was collecting the tears, she comforted the boy. Finally, the boy stopped crying and they had a fun time together.Later, Jenny met a woman who had broken some plates and an old man who couldn’t find his dog. They were so sad that their tears could not help falling down. Jenny tried her best to make them happy and forgot to collect their tears.Soon, Jenny realized that making people happy was even more important than finding chocolate. So she stopped collecting tears and began to help sad people. As a result, she became friends with them and lived a much happier life than before.( )1. Jenny Williams was a strange girl because .A. she often cried when she was aloneB. she liked to collect chocolate very muchC. she liked to be alone eating chocolateD. she was helpful and liked to help others.( )2. There was and a lot of chocolate i the blue glass.A. tearsB. a cardC. a candyD. a plate( )3. What does the underlined word ‘comforted’ in the third paragraph mean?A. 安慰B. 责备C. 担心D. 鼓励( )4. Which of the following is the correct order about Jenny?①Jenny tried her best to comfort the woman and the old man.②Jenny found a blue glass of chocolate in a small house full of glass.③Jenny stopped collecting tears and began to help sad people.④Jenny met a little boy crying hard, and she collected his tears.⑤Jenny took the blue glass and ran out of the house to collect tears.A.2-3-5-4-1B. 5-4-2-1-3C. 2-5-4-1-3D. 5-4-1-2-3( )5. What can we learn from the passage?A. Chocolate is so delicious that we should eat more.B. It was fantastic that tears became chocolate.C. Jenny’s parents were happy about what she did.D. We will be much happier when we make others happy.上城区All kinds of animals can communicate in one way or another. Maybe you have heard about the way bees dance around to send messages to each other and the ways dogs bark to give warnings or to be friendly. But did you know about infrasonic(次声的) communication used by elephants? This is how it works: Humans hear low sounds like the notes in music or birds singing in the sky. But we don’t hear sounds lower than these. However, animals such as elephants and hippos can hear much lower sounds than humans can. And what’s more, they can make lower sounds as well, and they use them to communicate with each other. This is known as infrasound(次声).Another amazing thing about infrasound is that it travels over several kilometers. Sounds which have a higher pitch(音高), like the ones people can hear, don’t travel well through walls, leaves, trees, and other materials. That is why we can’t hear sounds from more than 100 meters away. But infrasound is much “stronger”, and things like grass and trees have no effect on it. Therefore, it can travel much farther. Elephants can hear infrasonic calls from 4 kilometers away!There have been reports of people watching groups of elephants feeding or resting and then the elephants suddenly all stopped whatever they were doing for no reason at all. They obviouslyheard a warning call from a long way away, but the people didn’t hear a sound. In places like a zoo or wildlife park, where you can get nearer to animals, it is easier to sense when infrasonic sounds are made. When you stand near mother elephants with their babies in a zoo, you may notice a slight rumbling(隆隆声) in the air every few minute - not loud or strong, but clearly noticeable. This is infrasonic communication - the mother elephants are “talking” to their babies.( )1. The writer mentions bees and dogs .A. as examples of animal communicationB. because they use infrasonic communicationC.because scientists want to learn how they communicateD. to explain that animals use the same way to communicate( )2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Humans can hear infrasonic calls.B. Only elephants can hear infrasound.C. Infrasound is lower than musical notes.D. Some animals can’t hear human sounds.( )3. People can’t hear sounds from more than 100 meters away because .A. the sounds don’t travel wellB. people can’t feel the soundsC. the sounds are too much lowD. people can’t understand them( )4. Which statement is True according to the passage?A. People can’t hear or feel infrasonic sounds.B. Infrasound can’t travel through grass and trees.C. Elephants can hear a call from forty kilometers away.D. People may feel infrasonic sounds when getting close.( )5. What is the passage mainly about?A. Animals understand human sounds.B. Some animals can speak using words.C. Animals hear low sounds like music notes.D. Some animals use infrasound to communicate.。
2016-2017学年浙江省杭州市江干区八年级(上)期末英语试卷pdf版无答案
八年级（上）英语（R）杭州市江干区期末统考卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟班级___________姓名___________学号___________一、单项填空（本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分）（）16.This is not my dictionary.I left___________at home.A.hisB.hersC.mineD.yours（）17.—What can I do to stay healthy?—___________you do more exercise,such as running and walking,you will make it.A.IfB.WhileC.BeforeD.Unless（）18.I’m interested in animals,so I___________every Saturday working in an animal hospital.A.getB.spendC.payD.take（）19.—Did you hear about Because of You,one of the___________English songs?—Yes.It sounds so beautiful!A.popularB.more popularC.least popularD.most popular（）20.—Can you come to my house for my birthday party?—___________,but I have to meet my parents in the airport.A.It’s kind of youB.Of courseC.That’s rightD.I’d love to二、完形填空（本题有15小题，每小题1分，共15分）。
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
浙江杭州经济开发16-17学年八年级上期末考试--政史(图片版)
2016学年第一学期学业水平测试八年级思想品德﹒历史与社会答案一、选择题（每小题2分，共56分。
请选出各题中一个最符合题意的正确选项，不选、多选、错选均不给分）二、非选择题（第29题10分、第30题12分、第31题12分、第32题10分，共44分）。
29．(1)秦灭六国完成统一（1分）秦始皇（秦王嬴政）（1分）统一的中央集权政治制度（1分）（2）科举考试制度（1分）科举制是一种相对公平的选拔制度，为读书人创造了相对平等的竞争机会，为社会发展提供了更多的人才。
（2分）（3）雕版印刷、活字印刷（2分）雕版印刷术的发明，对于人类文化的保存、传播和发展起到了重大作用；活字印刷术大大促进了文化的传播。
（2分）30．（1）张骞；马可·波罗。
（2分）（2）佛教（2分）；文化在传播时要受到当地历史文化传统和当地自然条件的影响(或文化的多样性)。
（2分）（3）经济重心的南移或江南经济的开发。
（2分）（4）相同点：都促进了经济文化的交流。
（2分）不同点：丝绸之路陆路传播、京杭大运河水路传播；丝绸之路沟通中西文明、京杭大运河促进国内南北方文明交流等等。
（2分）31．（1）铁农具和牛耕的推广所带来的生产力水平的提高。
（2分）（2）曲辕犁；筒车；唐朝；开元盛世。
（4分）（3）坊市格局被打破，商业活动不再受区域、时间限制；城市商业贸易更加繁荣，普遍出现夜市和早市；出现了纸币──交子、最早的商标、广告；集市逐渐形成；随着经济的的发展，兴起了大量的手工业、商业城镇。
（写出两点即得2分）新气象出现的主要原因在于宋朝社会经济的发展。
（2分）（4）生产工具（或技术）的改进能推动经济的发展、社会的进步；生产工具（或农具）的改进带来盛世局面。
科学技术是第一生产力；要坚持把发展科技（创新）放在首位等等。
符合题意即可。
（2分，写出一条即可）32.（1）材料说明网络交往有诸多益处，它能使我们获得知识和能力，丰富我们的人生经验；（1分）漫画说明了沉迷网络对青少年的不良影响。
浙江省杭州市江干区八年级上期末英语卷及答案解析(二)
八年级（上）英语（R）杭州市江干区期末统考卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟班级___________姓名___________学号___________一、单项填空（本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分）（）16.This is not my dictionary.I left___________at home.A.hisB.hersC.mineD.yours（）17.—What can I do to stay healthy?—___________you do more exercise,such as running and walking,you will make it.A.IfB.WhileC.BeforeD.Unless（）18.I’m interested in animals,so I___________every Saturday working in an animal hospital.A.getB.spendC.payD.take（）19.—Did you hear about Because of You,one of the___________English songs?—Yes.It sounds so beautiful!A.popularB.more popularC.least popularD.most popular（）20.—Can you come to my house for my birthday party?—___________,but I have to meet my parents in the airport.A.It’s kind of youB.Of courseC.That’s rightD.I’d love to二、完形填空（本题有15小题，每小题1分，共15分）。
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2016-2017学年浙江省杭州市江干区八年级(上)期末化学试卷
2016-2017学年浙江省杭州市江干区八年级（上）期末化学试卷一、选择题（每题3分，共60分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．（3分）下列错误实验操作，需要补充仪器才能改正的是（）A．滴加液体B．振荡试管C．加热固体D．过滤2．（3分）对下列物质进行归类，正确的是（）A．垂体、甲状腺、唾液腺都属于内分泌腺B．食盐水、碳棒、橡皮都属于导体C．硫酸铜、云母、食盐都属于晶体D．碘酒、牛奶、可乐都属于溶液3．（3分）下列关于溶液的说法正确的是（）A．溶液是无色透明的，无色透明的液体不一定都是溶液B．溶液体积等于溶质和溶剂体积之和C．浓溶液是饱和溶液，饱和溶液不一定都是溶液D．温度会影响固体溶解度大小，搅拌不会增大固体溶解度4．（3分）如图（1）表示甲、乙量固体物质的溶解度随温度变化的情况；图（2）表示A、B试管中分别盛有甲、乙量固体的饱和溶液，试管底部均有未溶解的固体，向烧杯中加入一种物质，发现A试管中固体增多，B试管中固体减少，则加入的物质是（）A．硝酸铵固体B．氯化钠C．氢氧化钠固体D．生石灰5．（3分）将某温度下热的硝酸钾饱和溶液逐渐冷却至室温，下列有量随时间变化趋势的图象不正确的是（）A．B．C．D．6．（3分）碳酸饮料（汽水）类产品是指在一定条件下充入二氧化碳气体的饮料，如图是一瓶喝剩下的汽水，瓶壁上还附有许多气泡，振荡一下，一些气泡就会离开瓶壁，上浮，最后露出水面消失．下列说法中有科学道理的是（）A．打开瓶盖时，有大量气泡冒出是由于温度升高气体溶解度减小引起的B．振荡前该饮料是二氧化碳的不饱和溶液C．瓶壁上气泡一定受到浮力的作用，且气泡受到的浮力等于气泡的重力，所以没有上浮D．气泡在上升的过程中，气泡逐渐变大，所受的浮力也逐渐变大二、填空题（本大题共10分）7．（6分）KCl在不同温度下溶解度的数据如表：（1）60℃时，100g水中最多可溶解KCl g．（2）90℃时，100g饱和KCl溶液冷却到30℃时，溶液的质量100g（选填“＞”、“＜”或“=”）（3）40℃时，KCl饱和溶液中溶质质量分数为；该溶液升温到60℃时，溶液属于溶液（选填“饱和”或“不饱和”）．8．（4分）目前许多学校安装了直饮水机，其主要工作流程如图．（1）①中活性炭具有作用（2）直饮水机使用方便：只要将它与自来水管网对接，截留清除水中的有害物质（如细菌等），便得到直饮水，直饮水属于（选填“混合物”或“纯净物”）（3）水的净化：向浑蚀的天然水中加入明矾，静置一段时间后，取上层液体过滤，得到略带颜色的液体，实验中加入明矾的作用是促进了水中悬浮杂质的沉降．此过程是（选填“物理”或“化学”）变化．过滤操作中用到的玻璃仪器有烧杯、玻璃棒、（填仪器名称）．三、实验探究题（本大题共6分）9．（6分）菊花的无土栽培营养液主要成分如配方表所示：现在要按以上配方配制约5升的菊花栽培营养液，实验步骤如下：（1）计算：分别算出各种成分所需质量，如硫酸钾m=毫克．（2）称量：用天平（托盘天平或电子天平）称出各成分质量．（3）溶解：将称得的物质倒入烧杯中，加入少量水，用搅拌，完全溶解后再将其倒入5升的容量瓶中（一种专用于配溶液的容器），再用少量蒸馏水洗涤烧杯内壁2﹣3次，洗涤液全部转入到容量瓶中，再向容量瓶中加入蒸馏水，液面离容量瓶颈刻度线下1﹣2cm时，改用滴加蒸馏水至液面与刻度线相切．（4）装瓶：将容量瓶中配好的溶液全部倒入特定塑料桶中待用反思与评价：步骤3中，如果缺少“再用少量蒸馏水洗涤烧杯内壁2﹣3次”这步骤则配出的营养液浓度将（偏高、偏低或不影响）．如果步骤4中有部分溶液不小心洒出，则配出的营养液浓度（偏高、偏低或不影响）．四、解答题10．（5分）杭晖中学每年在开学前都要对教室进行消毒处理，现医务室购买了一桶消毒剂，上标有“20升，1.1克/厘米3，20%”的字样．问：（1）这一桶消毒剂的溶液质量是多少？消毒剂中含溶质质量是多少？（2）学校内共有房间40间，每间要用去2%的消毒液约2千克，则至少需要从桶中取出多少千克消毒液再加上多少水才能配出所需的量．2016-2017学年浙江省杭州市江干区八年级（上）期末化学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（每题3分，共60分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．（3分）下列错误实验操作，需要补充仪器才能改正的是（）A．滴加液体B．振荡试管C．加热固体D．过滤【解答】解：A、使用胶头滴管滴加少量液体时，注意胶头滴管不能伸入到试管内或接触试管内壁。
江干区初二期末语文试卷(含答案)
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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copy excerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!专业课原理概述部分一、选择题（每题1分，共5分）1. 下列哪位诗人是“初唐四杰”之一？A. 杜甫B. 王之涣C. 杨炯D. 白居易2. 以下哪个作品是曹操的代表作？A. 《短歌行》B. 《七步诗》C. 《饮马长城窟行》D. 《观沧海》3. 下列哪个字是“形声字”？A. 山B. 水C. 林D. 河字4. 《左传》是我国古代的一部什么类型的书？A. 诗歌集B. 历史散文C. 小说D. 戏曲5. 下列哪个成语出自《庄子》？A. 庖丁解牛B. 画龙点睛C. 指鹿为马D. 亡羊补牢二、判断题（每题1分，共5分）1. 《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集。
杭州个别区20162017学年八年级上册期末汇总
单词拼写余杭区1. The restaurant has the w service of the three. Many people don’t want to go there.2. The little girl are looking forward to h from her friend soon.3. Problems and worries are n in life. We should not run away from them.4. I h out in the park with my close friend yesterday. It was really relaxing.5. Don’t go to school or go to work w breakfast. It’s not good for our healthy.6. What can we do to help the poor children? We should take it s .7. Remember to take this medicine only o a day after meals.8. T the old man lives alone, he is happy.9. Ellen is t . She can sing, dance and paint very well.10. “Help y to some chicken.” Alice said to us.下沙1. Sunshine Cinema is the c to my home. It’s just next to my house.2. Tom isn’t leaving u next Monday.3. Uncle Wang often tells j to make us laugh.4. My grandpa often dresses h up as Santa Clause on Christmas Day.5. The w always gets a very good prize in the talent show.6. How much should he pay? That’s up to him to d !7. Miss Smith is very kind to her students. She t cares about them.8. Chairman Xi attended(出席) the o ceremony of G20 in Hangzhou.9. ---That’s Tara, i it?---No, it’s Tina.10. If the others don’t want to come, we will go w them.西湖区1. In Hangzhou, which movie t has the biggest IMAX screen?2. I can do it m . Don’t worry. It’s OK for me.3. Some think the game Pokeman Go is great, but others don’t. Which side do you a ?4. ---How much h do you need for this fruit salad?---One spoon.5. Be careful. Don’t make this kind of c mistakes any more.6. W Mrs. Wu’s help, we can’t work it out so quickly.7. The air pollution this year in Hangzhou is becoming b than it was last year.8. A many people didn’t believe Trump could win, he made it in the end.9. Just speak q . Dad is sleeping in the next room.10. The Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui first a in Rio 2016 and soon became a popular star.上城区1. Tim is in bed with a t of 40℃, and he needs a good rest.2. Once flying to the moon was i for people and few people believed that, however, people now can take a rocket to reach there.3. Leo likes computer science very much, and he learns it all by h in his spare time.4. Lisa is going to spend the vacation in a village so she can enjoy herself q .5. According to a survey, more than 40 p of Chinese cities are facing the hazy(雾霾) weather every year.6. I w if I could pass the exam. Luckily, Mr Lee told me I did it.7. If buildings fall down with people i , fire fighters come to save the people under the building.8. Mark is going to study history at a u after he finishes high school.9. Sam h around the West Lake with his friend yesterday, enjoying the beauty of the lake.10. I’d like to find a friend who is s to me and we can have something in common.语法填空余杭区Nowadays Wechat(微信) is more and more. I often talk to my English friends on Wechat to help me speak English (good) than before. And I can read lots of (information) on Wechat that can make me know more around. Some news also makes me become more careful. Sometimes I feel Wechat is like mirror that helps me see something (clear).now, Wechat brings me some trouble as well. Some friends put photos of the real things on Wechat to tell what they sell is really good. I am angry about (that) advertisements(广告). Because some of them may be not true. As a (say) goes, seeing is believing. I know people are cheated(被欺骗) by some news easily. What’s worse, some news always ask us (send) it to others. This (make) me not comfortable! Friends seem to become enemies! In fact, I am thinking about never using Wechat on my phone again because using it too much is bad my eyes.下沙To: ClassSubject: An InvitationDear classmates,I am glad to tell you a piece of good news. We will hold a classmate party the evening of Friday, August 18th. Would you like (come)?We (have) the party in Sunshine Restaurant. It starts at 6 in the evening. A lot of classmates will come on time.(one), we will have buffet(自助餐). You can taste delicious Chinese food. If you like western food (good), there are also all kinds of Spaghetti, sandwiches and steaks. And we have ice-cream some fantastic drinks.At the party, you can enjoy beautiful music by our classmates, exciting street dances by some boys, and wonderful performances by a famous (magic). There will be a talent show, too. Everyone who takes part in the party will get small gift. Please don’t be late for the party.We are looking forward to (see) you soon.Best wishes!(you) sincerely,Cindy西湖区How does technology(科技) change lives? Many think it is great. For most people, technology means you can do (much) in less time and have fun while doing it. Here’s one example.People make letters with smoke from airplanes. People can see the letters from the streets, buildings and places far from the sky. It’s called skywriting. It (begin) in England. In 1922, the (one) words written in the sky over America were “Hello USA”. That year skywriting began to be used for advertising. It kept popular until the 1950s. It’s difficult to put a message the sky. The pilot must count numbers to know when to turn the smoke on and off. Wind moves the letters, so the pilot (watch) their shadows on the ground or their (shape) in the sky. If it’s a (snow) day, the pilot in the plane can’t see the white letters, we on the ground can see them in the sky. People are so (create) to have romantic time!However, for some people, technology can be so much more than just for fun. It can change (they) lives. Most believe tomorrow’s technology comes out right side up!上城区Tony: What a delicious smell! Your pizza looks so nice.Betty: Thanks! I’m preparing for the party. Many friends will come here. It is a big event for(we).Tony: Exactly!Bob: What are those on top?Betty: Oh, they’re cheese and (tomato). Do you want to try a piece?Bob: Ugh! No, thanks. I’m afraid I don’t like cheese, it smells too strong.Betty: Well, my chocolate cookies are done now. Have a try!Bob: I love them! They taste (real) sweet and they feel soft in the middle.Tony: Are you cooking lots of different things? You look very busy!Betty:Yes, I am! you know, t here’s a lot of food to prepare before the party. There’s some pizza and some cookies, and now I’m(make) an apple pie and a cake.Bob: Apple pie sounds nice. Shall I get the sugar?Betty:Yes, please. Oh, are you sure that’s sugar? Taste it (one). It might be salt!Bob: No, it’s OK. It tastes sweet. It’s sugar.Tony: What’s this? It tastes sweet, .Betty:That’s strawberry jam, for the cake.Bob: Good, everything tastes so sweet! It’s my (luck) day!Betty&Tony: Haha. No sweet sweat(汗水).完形填空余杭区“Who needs a shopping center if you have Taobao?" says Wang Lin, 28, a writer in Beijing. Taobao is 1 online shopping site in China. It has become an important part of Wang Lin's life. She 2 lots of money buying the things she likes on Taobao.A growing number of Chinese Internet users 3 Wang Lin have found the fun of online shopping. They don’t have to spend a lot of time going to the shops. Just click the mouse, they can find almost 4 they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to DVD players.5 online shoppers are students or young workers. More women6 on line than men. According to a survey,7 and household things are the most popular on their shopping list. “People like to buy clothes online8 they can often buy the clothes at a very good price.” Wang Lin Says. Taobao means “9 treasure” in Chinese.The most important 10 for an online shopper is the November 11th-Singles’Day shopping festival. At first, it is 11 a day to celebrate being single, but now, it means the biggest online promotion(促销) in China. Online shoppers from 217 countries outside China 12 the shopping festival.You 13 worried about the security(安全性) of online shopping. Wang Lin said, “Unless you receive the products from the sellers and are satisfied with them, the shop owner 14 the money. You can 15 get your money back if you want to return the products."( )1. A. the poorest B. the simplest C. the largest D. the smartest( )2. A. spends B. pays C. costs D. takes( )3. A. of B. with C. at D. like( )4. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything( )5. A. All B. Most C. A little D. Few( )6. A. discuss B. promise C. shop D. accept( )7. A. clothes B. toys C. books D. food( )8. A. so B. though C. because D. until( )9. A. looking after B. looking for C. looking out D. looking forward to( )10. A. rule B. time C. way D. person( )11. A. quite B. certainly C. pretty D. just( )12. A. refused B. chose C. expected D. joined( )13. A. may be B. can C. should be D. must( )14. A. will get B. will pay C. won’t get D. won’t pay( )15. A. also B. too C. either D. so far下沙Delia was a young pianist. Her husband, Joe, was a young artist. Each of them was taking lessons: Joe with a famous art teacher, and Delia with a great pianist from Germany. Their teachers were the very best, so lessons were 1 , more than they could really afford, but…when you love your art, 2 is too much.But soon the money began to run out, and they couldn’t afford the lessons any more. Then one day Delia came back home and told Joe that she had met a man whose daughter, Sally, wanted to learn the piano, and he was going to 3 her $50 an hour.“Delia,”Joe said, “I’ll be much 4 if you keep up your lessons,”Delia said it didn’t matter. “When I’ve had some money, I’ll go on with it.” But Joe also 5 his lessons to draw pictures and sell them.A few days later, Joe came home and 6 took $200 from his pocket. “I met a man from Vermont,”he said, “and h 7 one of my pictures. And he wants to buy more!”So the two of them were very happy. They didn’t have to worry any more about 8 .One day, Joe came home and saw that Delia’s hand was wrapped in a bandage(绷带). He asked her what had happened. “Oh,”said Delia, “my student, Sally, asked me to make some coffee for her.I dropped the coffee and burned my 9 . Sally went straight to the drugstore and got this bandage for me. ”“Delia, 10 have you been doing these days?”Joe asked. She tried not to tell him, but the tears11 . “Oh Joe, I couldn’t get any students, so I worked as a waitress in a restaurant. Today,I burned my hand with hot water. So I can’t work any more. 12 we’ll still have money from the man in Vermont, won’t we?”Joe looked at her. “There’s13 man in Vermont, ”he said. “I’ve been working in a 14 and today someone came in to buy bandages 15 a woman who’s burned her hand. So when I saw you, well, I guessed. ”Looking at each other, they both laughed.( )1. A. expensive B. cheap C. low D. high( )2. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything( )3. A. lend B. pay C. cost D. get( )4. A. sadder B. poorer C. happier D. richer( )5. A. lasted B. kept C. held D. stopped( )6. A. angrily B. excitedly C. quietly D. loudly( )7. A. bought B. brought C. saw D. borrowed( )8. A. pictures B. money C. jobs D. lessons( )9. A. leg B. hand C. arm D. face( )10. A. why B. where C. what D. how( )11. A. went B. disappeared C. arrived D. came( )12. A. So B. And C. But D. Or( )13. A. some B. a C. no D. another( )14. A. store B. school C. restaurant D. cinema( )15. A. from B. by C. for D. of西湖区It was still in deep night, everything seemed to be the same as usual.“Tommy!” called a clear little voice. Tommy 1 and sat up in bed. At the foot of the bed stood a boy about his own age, all dressed in 2 , like fresh snow. He had very bright eyes, and he 3 Tommy straightly. “Who are you?” asked Tommy.“I am the New Year!” said the boy. “This is my day, and I bring 4 your leaves.”“What leaves?” asked Tommy.“The new ones, to be sure!” said the New Year. “I hear 5 words of you from my Daddy...”“ 6 is your Daddy?” asked Tommy.“The Old Year, of course!” said the boy. “He said you asked too many questions and I see he was right. And one day you 7 your book into the fire. Now, all this 8 stop.”“Oh, must it?” said Tommy. He felt 9 , and didn’t know just what to say.“10 it does not stop,” the boy said, “you will grow 11 every year, till you grow up into a Terrible Man. Do you want to be a Terrible Man?”“N-no!” said Tommy.“Then you must stop being a terrible boy!” said the New Year. “Take your 12 !” and he held out a book made of leaves, all white.“Turn over one of these every day,” he said, “and soon you will be a good boy instead of a bad one.”Tommy took the leaves and looked at them. 13 each leaf were a few words. On one it said, “Help your mother!” On 14 , “Don’t eat so much!” And on still another, “Don’t fight Billy Jenkins!”“Oh!” cried Tommy. “I have to fight Billy Jenkins! He said ...”“Goodbye!” said the New Year. “I shall come 15 when I am old to see whether you are a good boy or a terrible one. Remember, ‘Terrible boy makes Terrible man’.”( )1. A. stood B. woke C. played D. walked( )2. A. red B. blue C. black D. white( )3. A. looked for B. looked at C. looked after D. looked down( )4. A. you B. me C. her D. him( )5. A. nice B. beautiful C. bad D. interesting( )6. A. How B. What C. Where D. Who( )7. A. threw B. bought C. left D. read( )8. A. might B. would C. could D. must( )9. A. happy B. interested C. brave D. afraid( )10. A. And B. If C. Though D. So( )11. A. taller B. worse C. super D. clever( )12. A. messages B. leaves C. exam D. exercise( )13. A. On B. Between C. From D. Beside( )14. A. other B. the other C. another D. others( )15. A. finally B. once C. too D. again上城区It started in kindergarten. I always climbed up to reach the books about the world and take them 1the bookshelves to read. I noticed maps of oceans, countries, lakes and people. I made my 2 . I am going to see the world!Through 3 and amazing chances that came my way, I began to see the world. In South America, I walked through rainforests with mountains, animal life, and it really 4 a lot! Africa has a lot of languages among the people who live in cities and villages. I thought that Big Ben was a huge person 5 I saw it in Europe. Going to the top of the Eiffel Tower was exciting and fun. There I can find the people below look so small! I 6 different time zones(时区) and going from summer to winter. Asia was 7 when I became interested in the pandas. And it was a great chance to realize that animals big and small need the help of people like you and me. 8 , in Thailand, it was the elephants. I went to the “elephant camp” and 9 the elephants learn team-building. I was taking a boat trip in South America when offered the ticket to fly to Antarctica. It took me only one second to say 10 on the phone!My dream to visit all over the world became-reality!( )1. A. off B. for C. with D. out( )2. A. reason B. suggestion C. resolution D. diary( )3. A. advice B. travel C. games D. play( )4. A. snowed B. poured C. blew D. flew( )5. A. until B. if C. though D. after( )6. A. went in B. went along C. went through D. went over( )7. A. special B. common C. modern D. traditional( )8. A. First B. Before C. Finally D. Then( )9. A. showed B. caught C. watched D. joined( )10. A. sorry B. well C. no D. yes阅读理解余杭区Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on December 31st - January 1st. People may go to parties, sometimes dressed in formal（正式的）clothes, and the may drink champagne （香槟）at midnight. During the first minutes of the new year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the new wear with the first light of the sunrise.Many cultures also do special things to get rid of（摆脱）bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh（重新）. Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck the person will have in the tear. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!( )1. The reading is mainly about .A. the meaning of “Have New Year”B. several different New Year traditionsC. what to eat on New Year’s DayD. why people dress up nicely on New Year’s Day( )2. From this passage we know that .A. some cultures celebrate New Year in the morningB. the western people celebrate New Year only on New Year’s DayC. people in Ecuador go to parties on December 31st - January 1stD. no cultures do special things to celebrate New Year( )3. In some culture, people throw things into rivers or seas to .A. bring good luckB. keep away bad luckC. forget everythingD. plan for the next year( )4. To welcome a lucky new year, .A. some people say special things on New Year’s DayB. some families make many big dolls and beat themC. some people cook many pancakes on New Year’s DayD. people in Europe eat 365 grapes on New Year’s Day( )5. When eating black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day, people think .A. one pea brings on day of luckB. black-eyed peas are the best medicineC. the peas are too black and taste badD. the peas are helpful to count numbers( )6. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph)Jenny Williams was a strange little girl. She liked to spend her time alone eating chocolate. Her parents were worried,so they took all the chocolate away.Jenny left her house to look for some chocolate. She found a small house full of glasses. Among all the glasses, a blue glass caught Jenny's attention. It was full of chocolate. There was also a card in it, saying,“Tears for chocolate."Jenny was very excited. She took the blue glass and ran out of the house to look for someone crying. First, she met a little boy crying hard,and she collected his tears. The tears were quickly changed into chocolate. While Jenny was collecting the tears, she comforted the boy. Finally, the boy stopped crying and they had a fun time together.Later, Jenny met a woman who had broken some plates and an old man who couldn’t find his dog. They were so sad that their tears could not help falling down. Jenny tried her best to make them happy and forgot to collect their tears.Soon, Jenny realized that making people happy was even more important than finding chocolate. So she stopped collecting tears and began to help sad people. As a result, she became friends with them and lived a much happier life than before.( )1. Jenny Williams was a strange girl because .A. she often cried when she was aloneB. she liked to collect chocolate very muchC. she liked to be alone eating chocolateD. she was helpful and liked to help others.( )2. There was and a lot of chocolate i the blue glass.A. tearsB. a cardC. a candyD. a plate( )3. What does the underlined word ‘comforted’ in the third paragraph mean?A. 安慰B. 责备C. 担心D. 鼓励( )4. Which of the following is the correct order about Jenny?①Jenny tried her best to comfort the woman and the old man.②Jenny found a blue glass of chocolate in a small house full of glass.③Jenny stopped collecting tears and began to help sad people.④Jenny met a little boy crying hard, and she collected his tears.⑤Jenny took the blue glass and ran out of the house to collect tears.A.2-3-5-4-1B. 5-4-2-1-3C. 2-5-4-1-3D. 5-4-1-2-3( )5. What can we learn from the passage?A. Chocolate is so delicious that we should eat more.B. It was fantastic that tears became chocolate.C. Jenny’s parents were happy about what she did.D. We will be much happier when we make others happy.上城区All kinds of animals can communicate in one way or another. Maybe you have heard about the way bees dance around to send messages to each other and the ways dogs bark to give warnings or to be friendly. But did you know about infrasonic(次声的) communication used by elephants? This is how it works:Humans hear low sounds like the notes in music or birds singing in the sky. But we don’t hear sounds lower than these. However, animals such as elephants and hippos can hear much lower sounds than humans can. And what’s more, they can make lower sounds as well, and they use them to communicate with each other. This is known as infrasound(次声).Another amazing thing about infrasound is that it travels over several kilometers. Sounds which have a higher pitch(音高), like the ones people can hear, don’t travel well through walls, leaves, trees, and other materials. That is why we can’t hear sounds from more than 100 meters away. But infrasound is much “stronger”, and things like grass and trees have no effect on it. Therefore, it can travel much farther. Elephants can hear infrasonic calls from 4 kilometers away!There have been reports of people watching groups of elephants feeding or resting and then the elephants suddenly all stopped whatever they were doing for no reason at all. They obviouslyheard a warning call from a long way away, but the people didn’t hear a sound. In places like a zoo or wildlife park, where you can get nearer to animals, it is easier to sense when infrasonic sounds are made. When you stand near mother elephants with their babies in a zoo, you maynotice a slight rumbling(隆隆声) in the air every few minute - not loud or strong, but clearly noticeable. This is infrasonic communication - the mother elephants are “talking” to their babies.( )1. The writer mentions bees and dogs .A. as examples of animal communicationB. because they use infrasonic communicationC.because scientists want to learn how they communicateD. to explain that animals use the same way to communicate( )2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Humans can hear infrasonic calls.B. Only elephants can hear infrasound.C. Infrasound is lower than musical notes.D. Some animals can’t hear human sounds.( )3. People can’t hear sounds from more than 100 meters away because .A. the sounds don’t travel wellB. people can’t feel the soundsC. the sounds are too much lowD. people can’t understand them( )4. Which statement is True according to the passage?A. People can’t hear or feel infrasonic sounds.B. Infrasound can’t travel through grass and trees.C. Elephants can hear a call from forty kilometers away.D. People may feel infrasonic sounds when getting close.( )5. What is the passage mainly about?A. Animals understand human sounds.B. Some animals can speak using words.C. Animals hear low sounds like music notes.D. Some animals use infrasound to communicate.。
20162017学第一学期期末测试卷
2016—2017学年度第一学期期末测试卷八年级(初二)数学参考答案及评分意见一、选择题（本大题共8小题，每题3分，共24分）1．D ； 2．C ； 3．B ； 4．B ； 5．D ； 6．A ； 7．D ； 8．B ．二、填空题（本大题共6小题，每题3分，共18分）9．x ≠2； 10．1； 11．10； 12．130°； 13．（﹣1，0）；14．（0，2）或（0，﹣2）或（4，﹣2）．三、解答题（本大题共4小题，每题6分，共24分）15．解：（1）原式=﹣4b ·a 4b 2÷(﹣2a )……………1分 =2a 4－1b 1＋2……………2分 =2a 3b 3．……………3分 （2）原式=x [x (x －2y )＋y 2]……………1分 =x (x 2－2xy ＋y 2)……………2分 =x (x －y )2．……………3分 16．解：（1）原式=2(1)(1)1a a a a -+-+……………1分 =221111a a a a -+=++．……………2分 当a =99时，原式=11991100=+．……………3分 （2）方程两边同乘（x ＋1）(x －1)，得x (x ＋1)=3(x －1)＋(x ＋1)(x －1)．……………1分 解得x =2．……………2分 查验：当x =2时，（x ＋1）(x －1)≠0，∴x =2是原方程的解．……………3分 17．解：由题意，得60,80.x y xy --=⎧⎨+=⎩ ∴6,8.x y xy -=⎧⎨=-⎩……………2分 （1）原式=（x －y ）2＋2xy=62＋2×（﹣8）=20．……………4分 （2）原式=x 2＋y 2＋2xy －2(x －y )=20＋2×(﹣8)－2×6=﹣8．……………6分 18．（1）证：∵3×4=12，∴x a ·x b =x c ．……………1分 即x a ＋b =x c ． ∴a ＋b =c ．……………3分 （2）解：由（1）知a ＋b =c ，∴a －c =﹣b ．……………4分 ∴x a ＋3b －c =x 3b －b =x 2b =(x b )2=42=16．……………6分四、解答题（本大题共3小题，每题8分，共24分）19．解：（1）①a2＋2ab＋b2；②（a＋b）2 ……………2分等式是a2＋2ab＋b2=（a＋b）2 ……………4分（2）a2＋3ab＋2b2=(a＋2b)(a＋b) ……………6分对应的拼图是：……………8分20．解：（1）设每件乙种服装的进价为x元，每件甲种服装的进价为（x＋20）元，那么依照题意，得2000800220x x=⨯+，解得x=80．……………2分经查验知，x=80是方程的解，且适合题意，∴x＋20=100．……………3分∴每件甲种服装的进价为100元，每件乙种服装的进价为80元．……………4分（2）甲种服装的件数为2000÷100=20，乙种服装的件数为800÷80=10，……………5分设每件乙种服装的售价为y元，则依照题意，得20（130－100）＋10（y－80）≥780，………6分解得y≥98．……………7分∴每件乙种服装的售价至少是98元．……………8分21．证：（1）在AB上截取AG=AF，连接DG．∵AD平分∠BAC，∴∠DAF=∠DAG．∵AD=AD，∴△ADF≌△ADG．……………1分∴∠AFD=∠AGD，FD=GD．……………2分∵FD=BD，∴GD=BD，∴∠DGB=∠B．…………3分∵∠DGB＋∠AGD=180°．∴∠B＋∠AFD=180°．……………4分（2）AE=AF＋FD，其证明进程是：……………5分由（1）知∠B＋∠AFD=180°．∵∠B＋2∠DEA=180°．∴∠AFD=2∠DEA．……………6分在△DGE中，∠AGD=∠DEA＋∠EDG，且∠AGD =∠AFD．∴∠DEA=∠EDG．……………7分∴DG=EG=FD．∴AE=AG＋EG=AF＋FD．……………8分五、探讨题（本大题共1小题，共10分）22．解：（1）①CF=BD，CF⊥BD．……………2分②当点D在线段BC的延长线上时，所画如图2所示．…………3分①中的结论仍然成立，其理由是：……………4分在△ABC中，AB=AC，∠BAC=90°，∴∠ACB=∠B=45°．在△ADF中，AD=AF，∠DAF=90°，∴∠BAC＋∠CAD=∠DAF＋∠CAD，即∠BAD=∠CAF．∴△ACF≌△ABD．∴CF=BD．……………5分∴∠ACF=∠B=45°．∴∠FCB=∠ACF＋∠ACB=45°＋45°=90°．∴CF⊥BD．……………6分（2）CF⊥BC，其证明进程是：……………7分过A作AE⊥AC交BC于E，那么∠CAE=90°．∵∠ACB=45°，∴∠AEC=45°．∴△ACE是等腰直角三角形，∴AC=AE．……………8分在△ADF中，AD=AF，∠DAF=90°，∴∠F AD－∠CAD=∠CAE－∠CAD．即∠CAF=∠EAD．∴△ACF≌△AED．∴∠ACF=∠AED=45°．……………9分∴∠FCB=∠ACF＋∠ACB=45°＋45°=90°，∴CF⊥BC．……………10分。
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2016学年第一学期学业水平测试八年级科学试题卷一、选择题（每题3分，共60分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．下列错误实验操作，需要补充仪器才能改正的是（）A．滴加液体B．振荡试管C．加热固体D．过滤2．如图，下列叙述正确的是（）A．常用的干电池比纽扣电池的电压值大B．电工钢丝钳手柄上装有绝缘套，主要是为了增大摩擦C．静电除尘器吸附灰尘，是由于带电体能吸引轻小物体的缘故D．家用普通照明灯泡通过的电流估计为3A3．“负压”是低于常压（即常说一个大气压）的气体压力状态，负压的利用非常普遍，人们常常使某部分空间出现负压状态，便能利用无处不在的大气压为我们效力．如负压救护车是一种新型救护车，因车内的气压低于车外而得名．下列处于负压状态的是（）A．充完气的汽车轮胎B．高空飞行中的飞机机舱C．正在工作的吸尘器D．烧煮中的压力锅4．2016年3月，一场以人工智能AlphaGO获胜的围棋人机大战引入瞩目，与此同时AlphaGO对弈的棋手析棋局并作出判断的神经结构属于反射弧中的（）A．感受器B．神经中枢C．传出神经D．效应器5．今年夏天，我国多少省市出现严重干旱，长江中下游地区农业受到非常大的影响，长江三峡紧急放水，下列说法正确的是（）A．从水循环的角度来讲，“长江三峡紧急放水”是对地表径流这一环节的影响B．从地球水体分类和比例来看，陆地水资源中比例最大的是河流水C．我们可以利用干冰进行人工降雨来缓解局部干旱问题D．我国水资源的空间分布特点是东多西少，北多南少6．生活和自然中蕴含着据多科学知识，善于观察的乐乐，运用所学的知识解释一些现象，其中正确的是（）A．风筝和飞机都是利用空气的浮力升空的B．高山海拔比地面要高，山顶上的气压低，水的沸点高C．注射器将药液推入肌肉是利用了大气压的作用D．通常情况下加盐，炒黄瓜比凉拌黄瓜咸得快，可能与温度高，物质溶解快、7．对下列物质进行归类，正确的是（）A．垂体、甲状腺、唾液腺都属于内分泌腺B．食盐水、碳棒、橡皮都属于导体C．硫酸铜、云母、食盐都属于晶体D．碘酒、牛奶、可乐都属于溶液8．如图所示，把一根塑料绳的一端扎紧，从另一端撕开许多细丝，用干燥的手从上向下捋几下，发现细丝张开了，下列分析正确的是（）A．细丝张开的原因是带了同种电荷互相排斥B．细丝所带的电荷一定是正电荷C．细丝带了电是通过摩擦的方法创造了电荷D．细丝带上了电的实质是分子在物体间的转移9．下列关于溶液的说法正确的是（）A．溶液是无色透明的，无色透明的液体不一定都是溶液B．溶液体积等于溶质和溶剂体积之和C．浓溶液是饱和溶液，饱和溶液不一定都是溶液D．温度会影响固体溶解度大小，搅拌不会增大固体溶解度10．如图（1）表示甲、乙两固体物质的溶解度随温度变化的情况：图（2）表示A、B试管中分别盛有甲、乙量固体的饱和溶液，试管底部均有未溶解的固体，向烧杯中加入一种物质，发现A试管中固体增多，B试管中固体减少，则加入的物质是（）A．硝酸铵固体B．氯化钠C．氢氧化钠固体C蔗糖11．某研究小组用玉米进行了相关的实验，图一是对玉米胚芽鞘进行的单侧光处理，一段时间后，将胚芽鞘尖端下部纵切，切面如图二所示．以下分析正确的是（）A．图二中的c处细胞对应图一的a部位B．由图分析可知，生长素通过促进细胞分裂使植物生长C．图二中的d部位的效果是因为单侧光使生长素向这一侧转移了D．图二中的c部位的效果是因为单侧光使这一侧生长素分解了12．1654年5月8日由德国物理学家、时任马德堡市长奥托·冯·格里克在马德堡完成了著名的马德0.15m）紧贴在一起，用抽气机抽出堡半球实验，他将两个直径均为30厘米的铜半球（半球面积约为2球内空气，然后让马向相反方向拉两个半球，直到两边马各增中到8匹马时，才把它们拉开，则这个实验中一边8匹马产生的拉力大约是（）A．150N B．1500N C．15000N D．150000N13．有四位因激素分泌异常引发疾病的病人，其症状分别如下，其中与生长激素分泌异常无关的是（）A．甲B．乙C．丙D．丁14．将某温度下热的硝酸钾饱和溶液逐渐冷却至室温，下列有关量随时间变化趋势的图象不正确的是（）A．B．C．D．15．碳酸饮料（汽水）类产品是指在一定条件下充入二氧化碳气体的饮料，如图是一瓶喝剩下的汽水，瓶壁上还附有许多气泡，振荡一下，一些气泡就会离开瓶壁，上浮，最后露出水面消失．下列说法中有科学道理的是（）A．打开瓶盖时，有大量气泡冒出是由于温度升高气体溶解度减小引起的B．振荡前该饮料是二氧化碳的不饱和溶液C．瓶壁上气泡一定受到浮力的作用，且气泡受到的浮力等于气泡的重力，所以没有上浮D．气泡在上升的过程中，气泡逐渐变大，所受的浮力也逐渐变大16．举重比赛有甲、乙、丙三个裁判，其中甲为主裁判，乙和丙为副裁判，若裁判认定杠铃已被举起，就按一下自己面前的按钮，要求主裁判和至少一个副裁判都按下自己面前的按钮时，指示杠铃被举起的灯泡L才亮．以下符合这一要求的电路是（）A．B．C．D．17．小明同学按照下图所示的电路“研究串联电路中电流、电压的特点”当开关闭合时，灯L1亮，灯L2不亮，电流表和电压表均有示数．则故障原因可能是（）A．L1断路B．L1短路C．L2断路D．L2短路18．科学研究中常会发现某一事物的两个相关量（x,y）之间存在着一定的关系，且可用图来表示．下列相关量之间不符合．．．如图所示关系的是（）A．滑动变阻器的阻值与接入电路的有效长度的关系B．固体物质在水中的溶解度与溶剂质量之间的关系C．同一导体的中的电流与导体两端电压之间的关系D．物体受到水的浮力与排开水的体积之间的关系19．如图所示是小军自制的测体重仪，其中弹簧上端和滑动变阻器的滑片P固定在一起，AB间有可收缩的导师线，R1为定值电阻，电表的示数能随着体重的增加而增大的是（）A．电流表B．电压表C．电流表和电压表D．都不可以20．船在航行中为了停在某一处，常要进行抛锚，在抛锚时，要将从船上扔到水中，锚会逐渐沉入海底，在这个过程中，船身将（）A．船身略上浮B．船身略下沉C．船身不上浮也不下沉D．无法判断二、填空题（本大题共38分）21．（5分）里约奥运会中国女排31复仇塞尔维亚，时隔12年再度夺冠．历史上第3次获得奥运会金牌．请回答：（1）运动员听到哨声箸开始发球，这属于________反射，完成该反射的神经中枢位于________；（2）运动员在比赛过程中，由于运动量较大，大家全身冒汗，此时皮肤下的血管处于________（填A 或B）状态，如图中能表示其体温变化的曲线是________．此过程是通过________中的体温调节中枢来调节和控制的．22．（5分）如图是一根据环形管，管内注满水，水里有一只乒乓球．请运用所学的知识．回答下列问题：（1）若在A处用火加热，则乒乓球会向________（填顺时针或逆时针）方向运动．（2）根据此原理，在图中用箭头画出各线段的气流运动方向．（3）在这个要素作用下，城市与郊区的近地面风应该是_________吹向__________．（填“城市”或“郊区”）23．（4分）如图所示，一物体悬挂在饱和的氯化钠溶液中，在恒温条件下向烧杯内溶液中分别加入下列物质（悬挂物不参与反应），说明弹簧秤示数变化情况（填“变大”、“不变”或“变小”）；（1）如果加入氯化钠晶体，弹簧秤示数_______；（2）如果加入氯化钾晶体，弹簧秤示数_______；24．（6分）KCl在不同温度下溶解度的数据如下表：（1）60℃时，100g水中最多可溶解KCl__________g．（2）90℃时，100g饱和KCl溶液冷却到30℃时，溶液的质量_____100g（选填“>”、“<”或“=”）（3）40℃时，KCl饱和溶液中溶质质量分数为______；该溶液升温到60℃时，溶液属于____溶液（选填“饱和”或“不饱和”）．25．（4分）某光趣小组开展“训练小白鼠走迷宫获取食物”的探究实验：选取三只一天未进食的小白鼠（A、B、C）分别走同一个迷宫（如图），在相同环境条件下，测得如下数据，请分析：（1）从行为获得途径上看，小白鼠通过训练走迷宫获取食物的行为，属于______行为．（2）三只小白鼠找到食物的时间有差异，这是由动物体内_____物质所决定的．（3）根据数据，发现三只小白鼠获取食物的三次时间有共同规律是______，可见此类行为可以通过训练得到_____（选填“强化”或“弱化”）．26．（7分）根据所学知识回答下列问题：（1）密度计是测量液体密度的仪器，它始终在液面上．如图所示，把两支完全相同的自制密度计分别放在甲、乙两种液体中，密度计静止时，两种液体的深度相同．它们所受到的浮力F甲_____F乙；两种液体的密度ρ甲_____ρ乙；（选填“<”、“=”或“>”）（2）如图2所示，两个完全相同的机翼模型a和b被固定在竖直方向，只能上下自由运动，A、B两弹簧测力计的示数分别为A F 、B F ，当相同的风速吹向飞机模型时，A F _____B F （填“>”“<”或“=”）；当风突然停止时，模型______（填“a ”或“b ”）将上升．27．（4分）目前许多学校安装了直饮水机，其主要工作流程如图甲．（1）①中活性炭具有_____作用（2）直饮水机使用方便：只要将它与自来水管网对接，截留清除水中的有害物质（如细菌等），便得到直饮水，直饮水属于_____（选填“混合物”或“纯净物”）（3）水的净化：向浑蚀的天然水中加入明矾，静置一段时间后，取上层液体过滤，得到略带颜色的液体，实验中加入明矾的作用是促进了水中悬浮杂质的沉降．此过程是______（选填“物理”或“化学”）变化．过滤操作中用到的玻璃仪器有烧杯、玻璃棒、_____（填仪器名称）．28．（3分）如图小华为测量小灯泡的电阻所连的电路．请先找出此电路连接中的错误之处．用“⨯”作出标记并有笔划线代替导线纠正，然后在右框中画出正确的电路图．三、实验探究题（本大题共35分）29．（6分）最近网上流行了一个利用水果电池打火的视频，做法是将几个铁钉和几个铜钉排成两排插入一个柠檬中，再将铜钉用导线连接铁钉，最后将串联两头的铁钉和铜钉用导线引出来．将导线直接相碰来打火，点燃可燃物．一个铁钉和一个铜钉就可以看成一个原电池，用导线连接铁钉和铜钉相当于将许多原电池____起来，_____就会增大，而将两根据导线直接相碰产生火花，是利用了电路处于____状态，使电路中产生很大的电流从而冒出火花．30．（8分）胰岛素具有调节血糖平衡的作用，如果胰岛素分泌不足，血糖浓度超过正常水平，就可能形成糖尿病．目前，糖尿病患者常采取注射胰岛素的方法治疗，口服胰岛素能治疗糖尿病吗？为研究这一问题，某科学兴趣小组设计了如下方案：（1）将表格中的内容补充完整_____（2）a步骤中选取两只功能缺失的小鼠原因是______．（3）假如按照上述方案进行实验，最终仅在乙鼠的尿液中检测到了葡萄糖，由此可以得出的结论是________．（4）在理论上，为避免偶然性，保证实验结果更准确，应该___________．31．（8分）小军在“用伏安法测量小灯泡的电阻”实验中，电源电压保持不变，使用的小灯泡的额定电压为3V．（1）电路接通后，小明发现移动滑动变阻器的滑片使其接入电路的电阻减小时，电压表的示数也变小了，你认为电路连接中存在的问题是______；（2）改正电路后，他将测得的数据及计算结果填在下面的表格中：小灯泡正常发光时的电阻为______Ω；（3）分析表中的数据发现灯丝的电阻是变化的，这种现象在生活中也有体现，例如家里的白炽灯在刚开灯的瞬间灯丝易烧断，是由于这时的温度低灯泡中的灯丝电阻______（选填“大”或“小”）．所以电路中的电流_______．（选填“大”或“小”）．32．（6分）菊花的无土栽培营养液主要成分如配方表所示：现在要按以上配方配制约5升的菊花栽培营养液，实验步骤如下：（1）计算：分别算出各种成分所需质量，如m硫酸钾=______毫克．（2）称量：用_____天平（托盘天平或电子天平）称出各成分质量．（3）溶解：将称得的物质倒入烧杯中，加入少量水，用_____搅拌，完全溶解后再将其倒入5升的容量瓶中（一种专用于配溶液的容器），再用少量蒸馏水洗涤烧杯内壁23-次，洗涤液全部转入到容量瓶中，再向容量瓶中加入蒸馏水，液面离容量瓶颈刻度线下1-2cm时，改用______滴加蒸馏水至液面与刻度线相切．（4）装瓶：将容量瓶中配好的溶液全部倒入特定塑料桶中待用反思与评价：步骤3中，如果缺少“再用少量蒸馏水洗涤烧杯内壁23-次”这步骤则配出的营养液浓度将_____（偏高、偏低或不影响）．如果步骤4中有部分溶液不小心洒出，则配出的营养液浓度_____（偏高、偏低或不影响）．33．（7分）某物理兴趣小组做了如图所示的实验来探究影响浮力大小的因素．（1）物体浸没在水中时受到的浮力是_____N，方向为____；（2）物体浸没在酒精中时排开酒精的重力是______N；（3）比较____两幅图可知，浸没在液体中的物体所受浮力的大小与液体的密度有关；（4）小明同学认为，可以通过比较ABCD四个步骤，探究浮力的大小与深度的关系，你认为是否合理_____？原因是______．四、解答题（本大题共27分）34．（5分）杭晖中学每年在开学前都要对教室进行消毒处理，现医务室购买了一桶消毒剂，上标有“20升，1.1克/厘米3，20%”的字样．问：（1）这一桶消毒剂的溶液质量是多少？消毒剂中含溶质质量是多少？（2）学校内共有房间40间，每间要用去2%的消毒液约2千克，则至少需要从桶中取出多少千克消毒液再加上多少水才能配出所需的量．35．（6分）一个质量为55g，体积为350cm鸡蛋分别浸入清水（图甲）和浓盐水（图乙）中，静止后如图所示．（g取10N/kg）求：（1）鸡蛋在水中所受的浮力（2）浓盐水的密度36．（6分半导体材料的导电能力介于导体和绝缘体之间，其电阻随温度的升高而减小，且受温度影响较大，如图甲所示，是某半导体材料的电阻随温度变化的关系图象．根据这种半导体材料特性，某同R阻值为40Ω，电源电压学设计了一个电路，如图乙所示，可以测定某一空间的温度，已知定值电阻为18V．（1）当环境温度为20℃时，半导体材料的电阻阻值为_____，求此时电流表的读数．（2）电流表的读数为0.3A时，求此时该空间的温度．37．（10分）以下城市为哈尔滨、乌鲁木齐、武汉、拉萨、昆明、海口，根据图中和表中的气候资料分析，回答问题．（1）哈尔滨和海口的城市代号分别是____，造成两城市气温的年较差大的主要因素是_____．（2）上述城市中，几乎不受季风影响的是_____（填城市名称），我国冬季风的风向是_____．（3）新疆的瓜果特别甜，请结合新疆的地理特点和气候特点，谈谈原因：______________．。