专四语法第13节-虚拟语气
第十三节虚拟语气
虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或纯粹的空想等非真实情况。
一if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
1.if非真实条件句的基本用法
由if引导的非真实条件句表示对现在、过去、将来的事实进行假设时，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可以分为以下三类：
The victim would have had a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.遇难者如果及时送往医院，他本来就有机会活下来的。（与过去事实相反）
If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我会告诉你。（与现在事实相反）
If there should be a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪的话，我们就不去滑冰了。（表将来）
[专四真题] If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier to learn. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been
译文：如果没有虚拟语气，英语学习起来就会更容易了。
分析：本题表示与现在事实相反的假设。表现与现在事实相反，条件从句用一般过去时，主句使用should(would)+动词原形，故B为答案。A项could have been 是对过去事实的假设，与从句所表示的现在事实不吻合；C项will be 不可以用于虚拟语气中；D 是与过去事实相反的假设的虚拟语气从句形式。
2.省略if的虚拟条件句的用法
在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有were, had或should等词时，可将if省去，把were, had或should等提到主句之前，引起倒装。如果句中没有were, had或should等，则不能省略if，也不能用倒装结构。
[专四真题] _____for the fact that she broke her leg, she might passed the exam. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D.W ere it not
译文：要不是因为摔断了腿，他或许已经通过了考试。
分析：由于主语从句使用了might have done 结构，说明此句表示的内容与过去事实相反，故条件状语从句中应该使用had done 结构。若要将虚拟条件句中的连词省去，则需将助动词提到主语前面，否定词位置不变，因此A项Had it not been 为正确答案。3.错综时间虚拟条件句
有些时候，条件从句表示的动作和主语表示的动作发生在不同的时间，比如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的。这时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据自己所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟形式。如：If they had invited me, I would go with them now. 如果他邀请过我，我现在就和他们一起走了。
[专四真题]____if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? A．Would you be surprised B.Were you surprised
C. Had you been surprised
D. Would you been surprised 译文：如果我昨天不事先打招呼就来了，你会觉得吃惊吗？
分析：这是一个错综时间虚拟条件句。从句是对过去事实的假设，而主句问的是回答者现在的感受，因此主句应该为Would you be surprised,答案为A。
二介词或介词短语表示虚拟条件
有些介词或介词短语隐含条件之义，其虚拟形式与if引导的非真实条件状语从句类似，需根据从句所用的时态，来选择主句的谓语形式。这些词包括：without(没有)，but for(要不是),in the absence of(如果没有)，were it not for(要是没有),but that(若不是)等。
But for their help, we could not have finished the work on time.要不是他们的帮助，我们就不可能按时完成那项工作。（表过去）
Without electricity, there would not be modern industry.没有电，就没有现代工业。（表现在）
In the absence of gravity,there would be no air around the earth.如果没有重力，地球周围就没有空气。（表现在）
三宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气主要形式为：
表示对现在的假设时，从句的谓语动词为一般过去式（be动词用were）。
表示对过去的假设时，从句的谓语动词为“had+过去分词”或“could/would have+过去分词”。
表示对将来的愿望时，从句的谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。Sometimes I wish I lived in a different time and a different place.有时候我希望自己生活在一个不同的时间和空间里。（表现在）
I wish I were as strong as you.我希望像你一样健壮。（表现在）
He didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he had been there.他没有去舞会，不过他很希望自己当时在那里。（表过去）
I wish prices would come down.我希望物价能降下来。（表将来）
2.had hoped表示过去没有实现的愿望，意为“本来想要，但愿”，其后的宾语从句用“would+动词原形”表示虚拟。
I had hoped that I wouldn’t bore you by talking about my children. 但愿我谈论我的孩子没有使你厌倦。
3.would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well, would prefer之后的宾语从句用虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿”，“但愿”。
表示对现在或将来的愿望：would rather/sooner+主语+动词过去时（be动词用were）；表示对过去的愿望：would rather/sooner+主语+动词过去完成时。
I would rather I had not gone to the party yesterday evening.要是我昨天晚上没有去参加那个晚会就好了。（表过去）
I would rather/sooner you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。（表将来）
4.在表示命令、建议或要求等动词后的宾语从句中要求用虚拟语气，谓语形式为“（should）+动词原形”。这类动词有：ask（要求），advise（建议），suggest （建议），request（请求；要求），commend（推荐），decide（决定），determine （决定），insist（坚持认为），intend（打算），prefer（更喜欢；宁愿），propose （提议），order（命令），recommend（推荐），imagine（想象）等。
I suggested that you (should）try to understand him.我曾建议你试着去理解他。They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately.他们
要求立即撤出侵略军。
【专四真题】My boss ordered that the legal documents______ to him before lunch. be sent B.were sent C.were to be sent D.must be sent
译文：我老板下令午饭前必须交给他那些法律文件。
分析：若主句谓语动词为suggest, demand, order, propose, request等表示建议、要求、命令等语气的动词，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”，因此选A。
四主语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气用于主语从句的常见结构是“It is+形容词/名词/过去分词+that引导的主语从句”,主语从句的谓语动词为“（should）+动词原形”。适用此结构的词包括：
形容词：advisable（可取的，明智的），appropriate（适当的），desirable（想要的），essential （必需的），fundamental（基本的），imperative（命令的），important（重要的），necessary （必要的），proper（适当的），urgent（紧急的，急迫的），vital（至关重要的）等。
名词：a pity（可惜），a shame（耻辱；羞愧），no wonder that（难怪）等。
过去分词：arranged（安排，计划），desired（渴望），requested（请求），suggested （建议），recommended（推荐），required（必需），demanded（要求）等。
It is essential that these application forms（should）be sent as early as possible.重要的是把这些申请表尽早寄出去。
It is highly desirable that a new president（should）be appointed for this college.大家非常希望一位新校长来管理这所大学。
【专四真题】It is imperative that the government______more investment into the shipbuilding industry.
A. attracts
B. shall attract
C. attract
D. has to attract
译文：势在必行的是，政府应该在船坞制造业吸引更多的投资。
分析：It is imperative that…表明that从句需要使用虚拟语气，其形式为“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，故答案为C。
五表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议、命令、主张、目的、愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中的常用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式为“（should）+动词原形”。
这类名词有：suggestion（建议），proposal（提议，建议），requirement（要求），order （命令），demand（要求），decision（决定），advice（建议），desire（要求），idea（主意），importance（重要性），instruction（指示），necessity（需要；必需），motion（提议），preference（优先考虑），recommendation（推荐；建议），resolution（解决），request （要求）等。
His desire is that he（should）be buried next to his wife.他希望死后与妻子合葬。The suggestion that the mayor（should）present the prizes was accepted by everyone.每个人都接受了让市长来颁奖的建议。
【专四真题】He left orders that nothing______touched until the police arrived here.
A. should be
B. ought to be
C. must be
D. would be
译文：他留下命令说警察到这里之前不得碰任何东西。
分析：orders表明其后同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，形式为“（should+）动词原形”，故选项A正确。
六状语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在as if或as though引导的方式状语从句中，若从句的内容并非现实，则需
用虚拟语气。
表示从句与主句动作同时发生，从句谓语动词用were或动词过去式；
表示从句动作可能在将来发生，从句谓语动词用“could/ would +动词原形”；
表示从句谓语的动作发生在主句动作之前，从句谓语动词用“had +过去分词”。
It seems as if it was (were) spring already .现在仿佛已经是春天了。（表现在）
It seems as if he would recover .看来他好像会康复。（表将来）
It seems as if she had been to England.好像她到过英国似的。（表过去）
*注意：as if 引导方式状语从句时，若说话人对从句所表达的内容较有把握，则用陈述语气。如：It looks as if it is going to rain .看来要下雨了。
2.虚拟语气用在even if，as等引导的让步状语从句中，从句谓语可参照由if 引导的虚拟条件从句的谓语，用一般过去时、过去完成时或动词原形。注意even if 从句里可用虚拟动词表示与事实相反，even though则是就事论事，不用虚拟。Even if he were my brother, I would not trust him .即使他是我哥哥，我也不会信任他。（他不是我哥哥）
Even though he is my brother, I don’t trust him.尽管他是我哥哥，我还是不信任他。（事实上他是我哥哥）
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plans.即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。
Even if I had met him, I wouldn’t have told him about our plan.即使我见过他，我也不会告诉他我们的计划。
【专四真题】Much as______, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash.
A.I would have liked to B .I would like to have
C.I should have to like
D.I should have liked to
[译文]尽管我很想借钱给他，但是没法借，因为我没有那么多的闲钱。
【详解】much as 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，该从句为与过去相反的虚拟语气，谓语使用would have done ,故答案为A,其中to后省略了lend him the money,以避免重复。D项表示“应该”，而不表意愿。
3.在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气的结构为“may+动词原形（指现在或将来）”或“may+完成式（指过去）”，主句结构不限。
I will be waiting for him no matter how late he may come.不管他来得多么晩，我都会一直等他。
4.在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为should+动词原形，主句结构不限。
Although Though he should often be late ,he is a good student.尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。
5.lest,in case,for fear that 以防，万一，唯恐引导目的状语从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形。Lest,for fear that从句中的should可以省去，in case 从句中的should通常不省略，但是in case引导的从句也可用陈述语气。
He took the raincoat with him lest it(should) rain.他带上了雨衣，以防下雨。
I obeyed her lest she (should)be angry.我得顺着她，免得她生气。
I will not make a noise for fear that I(should )disturb you.我不会做声的，以免打扰你。In case he comes,let me know.万一他来了，告诉我一声。（陈述语气）
七其他句型中的虚拟语气
1.It is (high /about)time 结构
在It is (high/ about)time that …后面跟虚拟语气，谓语动词通常用一般过去式，有时也用should+动词原形，意为该是干……的时候了。如：
It is high time that we went home now.我们现在该回家了。
*注意：句型It’s the first /second /third time that…表示一种经历，that从句要使用完成时态。如：It’s the fifth time that he has rung you in a week.这是他在一周之内第5次给你打电话了。
[专四真题]That was not the first time he us.I think it’s high time we______strong actions against him.
A.betrayed…take
B.had betrayed…took
C.has betrayed…took
D.has betrayed …take
译文：那不是他第一次背叛我们。我认为我们该对他采取强硬措施了。分析：当句子里有序数词first/ second/ third…时，后面的定语从句要用完成时态，前一个句子是过去时，所以应该用过去完成时，即had betrayed;后一句使用了It is high time…句型，其从句的谓语动词要用过去式，表示对现在事实的虚拟，即took.
2.if only引导的感叹句表示“但愿，要是……就好了”,其用法和wish基本相同，只是感情色彩更强烈。
表示现在的情况，谓语动词用过去式;
表示过去的情况，谓语动词用过去完成式；
表示将来的情况，谓语动词用“would/ could +动词原形”。
If only he were here!如果他在这里就好了！（表现在）
If only I had not been busy yesterday!要是昨天我不忙该多好啊！（表过去）
If only you would listen to our advice.要是你会听我们的建议就好了。（表将来）
3.intended/ meant /hoped/ wished /planned 或was/ were +不定式完成式或had intended/ planned/ meant/ hoped/ wished +不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气，表示“本计划/打算/想要……”。
I intended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time.我本来打算要拜访你的，但是当时很忙。
典型真题训练
1.I ______the party much more if there hadn't been quite such a crowd of people there .
A. would enjoy
B. will have enjoyed
C. would have enjoyed
D. will be enjoyed
2. If you explained the situation to your solicitor , he ______able to advise you much better than I can .
A. would be
B. will have been
C. was
D. were
3. If you ______in such a hurry you ______sugar into the sauce instead of salt .
A. were not, would not put
B. were, would put
C. had been, would have put
D. had not been, would not have put
4. ______their help, we would not have succeeded .
A.Hadn't been for
B. Had it not been for
C. It hadn't been for
D. Had not it been for
5. She asked that she ______allowed to see her son in police custody .
A. would be
B. could be
C. be
D. was
6. It is necessary that he ______the assignment without delay .
A. hand in
B. hands in
C. must hand in
D. has to hand in
7. It is absolutely essential that William ______his study in spite of some learning difficulties .
A. will continue
B.continued
C. continue
D. continues
8. If only I ______play the guitar as well as you !
A. would
B. could
C. should
D. might
9. ______you ______further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice .
A. If , had
B. Have , had
C. Should , have
D. In case , had
10. It was recommended that passengers ______smoke during the flight .
A. not
B. need not
C. could not
D. would not
11. If you have really been studying English for so long , it's about time you ______able to write letters in English .
A. should be
B. were
C. must be
D. are
12. I was to have made a speech if ______.
A. I was not called away
B. nobody would have called me away
C. I had not been called away
D. nobody called me away
13. It's getting late . I'd rather you ______now .
A. left
B. leave
C. are leaving
D. will leave
14. It's high time we ______cutting down the rainforests.
A. stopped
B. had to stop
C. shall stop
D. stop
15. If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now .
A. had received
B. received
C. should receive
D. were receiving
16._____your advice, I would have made the wrong decision
A. Hadn’t it been for
B. Had it not been for
C. Had it been for
D. Had not it been for
17. “If I were you, I wouldn’t wait to propose to her.” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is
used to ______.
A. alleviate hostility
B. express unfavorable feelings
C. indicate uncertainty
D. make
a suggestion
18. At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sense, as ______ if I ____ alone.
A. would have been …had been
B. should be … had been
C. could be … were
D. might have been… were
19._____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.
A. Unless
B. But for
C. Except for
D. Not for
20.The general’s command was that the soldiers __their fort and carry out more important task.
A. would leave
B. leave
C. left
D. have left
21. It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.
A. comes
B. will com
C. come
D. may come
22. Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood? ______.
A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o’clock?
B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.
C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights.
D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.
23.If I knew Japanese , I ______ for the position.
A. would apply
B. will apply
C. may have applied
D. will have applied
24.He would have finished his college education, but he ____to quit and find a job to support his family.
A. had had
B. has
C. had
D. would have
25.___, he would not have recovered so quickly.
A. Hadn't he been taken good care of
B. Had he not been taken good care of
C. Had not he been taken good care of
D. Had he been not taken good care of
虚拟语气模拟练习题
1.___my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be so wet now.
A.Had I taken
B. Will I take
C. Have I taken
D. Would I taken
2. Professor James suggested that his students_____ a composition about air pollution.
A. write
B. to write
C. wrote
D. had written
3.If you had told the truth to your principal, he____ able to give you much better suggestions than I can.
A. were
B. was
C. will have been
D. would be
4. The art exhibition was not as good as I had expected. I wish I _____to it.
A. hadn’t gone
B. haven’t gone
C. didn’t go
D. could not have gone
5. If Henry__ _under the ladder to catch her when she fell, she couldn’t be smiling like this now.
A. didn’t stood
B. hadn’t stood
C. doesn’t stood
D. hasn’t stood
6.All substances, _____, liquid or or solid, are made up of atoms.
A. be they gases
B. whether they are gases
C. they are gases
D. they can be gases
7. Put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that____
A. he catches cold
B. he should catch cold
C. he caught cold
D. he be catching cold
8. Helen___ with her class if she had been able to meet all of the course requirement in time.
A. will graduate
B. would have graduated
C. would graduate
D. has graduated
9. Look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I ____your advice.
A.follow
B. had followed
C. would follow
D. have followed
10. If you ___ more than a week to take care of your baby in the hospital, ask the top manager for a leave.
A. will need
B. would need
C. should need
D. shall need
11. It is essential that misunderstanding___ during business negotiations
A. be avoided
B. is avoided
C. will be avoided
D. has to be avoided
12. I don’t think it is advisable that she__ _her little baby of his freedom to spend the spare time as he wish.
A. deprive
B. deprives
C. deprived
D. has deprived
13.___ if I had attended your home party yesterday without informing you beforehand
A. Would you have been surprised
B. Had you been surprised
C. Were you surprised
D. Would you be surprised
14.It is recommended that the project__ _until all the preparations have been made
A. won’t start
B. shouldn’t start
C. won’t be started
D. shouldn’t be started
15. In my eyes, his request that his cost__ _ by the hour is completely reasonable.
A. is paid
B. was paid
C. be paid
D. has been paid
16. The sentence “Had he known her address, he would have written to her”means that____
A. he has known her address
B. he knew her address
C. he didn’t know her address
D. he asked for her address
17. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he__ _a goal.
A. had scored
B. scored
C. would score
D. would have scored
18. If it were not for the fact that she____ sing, I would invite her to party.
A. couldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. can’t
D. might not
19. When a ruler is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
20. I would rather you___ by train because the weather forecast said there would be heavy snow tomorrow.
A. went
B. should go
C. will go
D. go
21Tom can take the radio apart and then put it back together again. I certainly wish he___me how.
A.has taught
B. teaches
C. would teach
D. will teach
22 .He ordered that everything____ _kept in its original form before his aunt left.
A. would be
B. must be
C. ought to be
D. should be
23. If there were no polysemy, Chinese___ _much easier to learn.
A. will be
B. could have been
C. would be
D. would have been
24.I was to have finished the writing if _____
A. nobody called me away
B. nobody would have called me away
C.I had not been called away
D. I was not called away
25. John wants to visit me today. I would rather he___ tomorrow.
A. came
B. come
C. are coming
D. will come
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计
高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。
虚拟语气语法讲解与习题
虚拟语气 一．语气的分类： 二．虚拟语气的用法： （一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法： ---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反) ---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反) ---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反) 2．特殊用法： ①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。 ---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now. ②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。 ---Were I you, I would give it up. ---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. ---Should she come, I could ask her for help. ③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。 ---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. ---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况） ---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况） ④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…” ---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life. ---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. （二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法： 1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求） ---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句) ---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句) ---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句) ---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句) ---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。 ---His pale face suggested that he was ill. ---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.
高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)
英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
高中英语语法(虚拟语气)
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
高中英语 第二册 语法总结 虚拟语气
新概念英语第二册语法总结：虚拟语气 虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握： 1、虚拟条件句。 2、名词性虚拟语气。 3、虚拟语气的其他用语。 一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为： If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋动词原形，如： If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为： If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋have＋过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为： If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)＋do，主语＋should(could...)＋原形do，如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry. 注意问题： 1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。 2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。 3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如： Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved. Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(一)
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析（一） 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示假设，或用来表示命令、建议以及说话人的主 观愿望，有时也可以使语气缓和、委婉。虚拟语气作为一重点语法，在各类考试中占有相当 大的分值，所以理解该语法，不管对于考试，还是在日常应用中都有相当大的作用，本节将 就考试重点作详细讲解。 一、虚拟语气的用法 常用于条件句中，表示与现在、将来、过去相反的假设，表示与现在、将来、过去相反假设时，主句与从句谓语动词的变化形式，现以动词do为例说明。 主句从句现在would/should/could/might + do be 宀were/do 宀did 将来 would/should/could/might + do were to + do/should + do （只能用should）过去 would/should/could/have done had done注：有些语法书中在"与将来相反假设”的条件从句中也有do i did，这样就和“与现在相反假设”的主句、从句完全相似，其主要区别在于各自的时间状语上，另外如果在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中出现should+ do，那么主句 中就避免使用should+do，可以用would/could/might+do。 例句：If you were to exam ine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006 s World Cup tour name nt, you would most likely find a no teworthy quirk. （选自2007 年Text 1） 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：假如你去调查2006年世界杯上每位足球运动员的出生证明，你很可能会发现一 个值得注意的现象。 例句：If that happe ned, passi on ate con sumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.（选自2011 年Text 3）分析：该句是复合句，表示与现在相反的假设。其中，分词短语putting the reputation of the target company at risk在句中作状语，表示结果。 译文：这种情况一旦发生，充满激情的消费者会尽力说服他人抵制产品，从而使目标企业的声誉处于危 险境地。 例句：Everything here would have been destroyed utterly , if his wife hadn t called the fire brigade. 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：要不是他的妻子给消防队打电话，这里的一切就被彻底地破坏了。 二、混合式虚拟语气 有时条件从句和主句时态不一致，可以根据主句、从句动作发生的时间分别运用相应的 虚拟语气。 例句：He would be studying at the university now if he had passed the entrance exam in ati on.
大学英语语法-虚拟语气
虚拟语气 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) Subjunctive Mood作为专门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的动词形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。它仅有两个形式，即be型虚拟式和were型虚拟式。 Be型虚拟]----- be型虚拟式是以动词原形表示的，不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原形，如动词为被动态，则助动词be也用原形。其主要用法如下： 1)用于表命令、决定、建议、坚持等词语之后的that分句中 这一用法又分三种情况： a)用在 decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require, suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中.（宾语从句） 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。 He ordered that all the books be sent at once. He ordered that all the books be sent at once. we propose that somebody neutral take the chair. She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday. b)用在 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,nece ssary,obligatory,proper等形容词之后的that分句中。（主语从句） It is essential that all the facts be examined first. It was appropriate that thisi tax be abolished. I thousht it advisable that an armed guard stand in readiness. c)用在 decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等名词之后的that分句中。 The board has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston. We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. Their decision was that the school remain closed. 在这一用法中be型虚拟式能与“should+不定式”交替使用，也能与to-不定式交替使用。 He ordered that the books be sent at once . = He ordered that the books should be sent at onc. = He ordered that the books to be sent at once. 2）用于由if,though等引导的分句中.
虚拟语气的用法讲解
第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
可用虚拟语气的用法总结
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
高考英语语法难点：虚拟语气
虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood,又称假设语气,是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反,在现实中并不存在,或实现的可能性很小。 一、动词的语气 语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood有三种,分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1.陈述语气 陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问,主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。 Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗? How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊! 2.祈使语气 祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。 Come this way,please! 请这边走。 Don't make any noise, will you 别吵,行吗? Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 3.虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。 May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! 二、条件句中的虚拟语气 英语中条件从句有两类,一类是真实条件句,另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句;如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。 A.真实条件句 真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。 If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来,我们就不等他了。 If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property.过去发生洪水的话,常有很大的生命和财产损失。 We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去那里。 I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净,我就让你用我的自行车。 B.非真实条件句 在含有非真实条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气,其构成有三种形式: 与现在事实相反if条件句的谓语:were did
高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元，你会做什么？ We couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we
高考英语语法填空之虚拟语气
语言结构之虚拟语气（学生版） 用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意使用合适的情态动词助动词 1. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it. (see, ask) 2. What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days? (be) 3. But for your help, I couldn’t _____ the place. (find) 4. If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday, he _____ her from going. (be, prevent) 5. If it had not been for the liberation, no changes _____ place in my hometown. (take) 6. If Miss Green _____ late tomorrow, who would take her place? (come) 7. It seems as if it ____ already summer now. (be) 8. I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday. (see) 9. I made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made. (stick) 10. It is suggested that a study plan _____ right now. (make) 11. They required that we _____ them get in the crops. (help) 12. It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library, which made the smokers unhappy. (allow) 13.I’d rather Tom _____ tomorrow. (come) 14.It is about time you ____ the medicine, sir. (take) 15.If there _____ no electricity in the future, our life _____ a lot. (be, change) 16.Without the Communist Party there ____ New China. 17. What would have happened if you her child? (not help) 18. It is strange that he so. (think) 19. I wish I my uncle yesterday. (meet) 20. Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. (move) 21. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeting. (come) 22. Supposing the weather bad, where would they go? (be) 23. If only I to my parents’ advice!(listen) 24. I to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. (hope) 25. His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan. (agree) 26. Li Ling acted that way as though he a foreigner. (be) 语言结构之虚拟语气（教师版） 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it. (see, ask) had seen; would have asked 2. What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days? (be) were