2015年高中英语阅读理解 第三部分 名人故事(五)练习

第三部分名人故事（五）21. Albert Einstein, a Great Scientific Thinker艾伯特•爱因斯坦—伟大的科学思想家艾伯特•爱因斯坦，举世闻名的德裔美国科学家，现代物理学的开创者和奠基人。

爱因斯坦的狭义相对论成功地揭示了能量与质量之间的关系，解决了长期存在的恒星能源来源的难题。

近年来发现越来越多的高能物理现象，狭义相对论已成为解释这种现象的一种最基本的理论工具。

其广义相对论也解决了一个天文学上多年的不解之谜，并推断出后来被验证了s的光线弯曲现象，还成为后来许多天文概念的理论基础。

大大推动了现代天文学的发展。

Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time.Born of Jewish parents at Ulm in Germany, he completed his education in Switzerland and got his Ph. D. at the University of Zurich. He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism in Germany and Hitler’s persecution of the Jews.In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed. If two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move, a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train is moving or the other is moving, and before he finds out what is happening, he can see that one train is moving relative to the other. From this and also from other more complicated facts, Einstein came to the conclusion that all motion is relative and that there is really no such thing as absolute motion. Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light. By 1915, Einstein had made known his General Theory of Relativity. He also improved on Newton’s theory of gravity. Most o f his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange. For his important work he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.Towards the end of his life, Einstein was asked by a group of students to explain his complicated Theory of Relativity. He said, “When you sit with a pretty girl for an hour, it seems like a minute; but when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, it seems like an hour. That is relativity.”Comprehension Questions:C. still in Switzerland at the age of twenty-six.D. still at the University of Zurich at the age of thirty-six.3. One of the conclusions drawn by Einstein is that ______A. planes can go faster than trains and buses.B. people couldn't run as fast as vehicles.C. light goes the fastest of all things.D. two trains can never go at the same time.4. Einstein added that if something such as a ruler was moving, it would seem to get shorter and shorter ______A. because the ruler itself was short.B. when it was moving faster and faster.C. because we can't see it clearly.D. because the ruler was broken into pieces.5. Albert Einstein was world-famous for his ______A. Special Theory of Relativity.B. General Theory of Relativity.C. improving on Newton’s theory of gravity.D. all his work mentioned above.(DCCBD)22. Madame Curie, the First Winner of Two Nobel Prizes居里夫人—第一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者居里夫人，波兰裔法国籍女物理学家、放射化学家。

一位影响过世界进程、伟大无私而又谦逊质朴的女性；在科学探索中坚毅刻苦、锲而不舍并取得卓越非凡功绩的人；第一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者；原子能时代的开创者之一。

1903年和丈夫皮埃尔·居里及亨利·贝克勒尔共同获得了诺贝尔物理学奖，1911年又因放射化学方面的成就获得诺贝尔化学奖。

with another scientist, metallic radium. For this she received the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. So she was the first to get a second Nobel Prize. Comprehension Questions:1. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage? ______A. Madame Curie was a chemist and physicist.B. Warsaw is the capital of Poland.C. It was Marie’s father who had her interested in science.D. Marie Curie and Pierre Curie studied at the Sorbonne.2. According to Marie Curie’s report in 1898, ______A. there was a new powerful radioactive element existing in some metal.B. the two elements polonium and radium existed in pitchblende ores.C. some new powerful radioactive elements might exist in pitchblende ores.D. she had found out the nature of uranium.3. The 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics was given to ______A. Madams Curie.B. Pierre Curie.C. the Curies.D. the Curies and Becquerel.4. After husb and’s death, Madame Curie ______A. succeeded in becoming a professor of physics at Sorbonne.B. took his place and became a professor of physics at the Sorbonne.C. was a successful professor of physics at the Sorbonne.D. was successful as a professor of chemistry at the Sorbonne.5. Madame Curie was the first to ______A. get a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry.B. win the Nobel Prize as a woman.C. win a second Nobel Prize.D. discover radioactivity.(DCDBC)23. Abraham Lincoln, the 16th American President亚伯拉罕•林肯—美国第16任总统already left the Union; four more states would soon follow them. The start of the Civil War was only weeks away.Many people doubted Lincoln's ability to pull the Union together. He was then just a country lawyer. He had only a few years of schooling, and he had served one term in Congress. His only real fame came from a serious of debates over slavery. Lincoln's firm stand against slavery helped him win the Republican nomination for president.Lincoln did keep the Union together by the only way possible---winning the war. He slowly built the North's army into a powerful fighting force. By such acts as freeing the slaves, Lincoln won wide support.In 1865, he began his second term. He hoped to bring the South back into the Union without bitterness on either side. Six weeks later, he was murdered, his great task still unfinished.The following is detailed information about Lincoln’s death.On April 14th, after a very busy day, the President and his wife went to see the performance of a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington.In an inn near the theater was a 25-year-old unsuccessful actor named John Wilkes Booth. He was a supporter of the defeated South. As the play was going to start again after the interval, Booth entered the theater and walked slowly towards the President’s box and opened the door. The sound of a shot broke in and Booth leaped from the box onto the stage and hurried out through an exit door. Smoke was seen coming from the President’s box and the theater was filled with shouting, madly excited people. Soldiers hurried in to clear the building, and Lincoln, shot through the head, was carried unconscious to a house across the road from the theater, and laid on the bed. He never recovered consciousness and died next morning. Comprehension Questions:1. From the passage we know that James Buchanan was probably ______A. Lincoln's political enemy.B. one of Lincoln's neighbors.C. the 15th American President.D. a minister of the White House.4. Lincoln's firm stand against slavery ______A. made it possible for him to be elected President.B. made the Southern slave owners give up theirs.C. provided him with a chance to win the war.D. helped build up an army of his own.5. Lincoln's leading achievement as President was that ______A. he worked for the people heart and soul.B. he was firmly against slavery.C. he reunited the nation and did away with slavery.D. he was a warm-hearted and honest man.(CBBAC)24. Beethoven And His Moonlight Sonata贝多芬和他的《月光鸣奏曲》路德维希•凡•贝多芬（1770-1827），德国最伟大的音乐家之一。