中考英语语法专题-代词(绝对经典)

中考英语语法专题-代词(绝对经典)
中考英语语法专题-代词(绝对经典)

代词

考点解析:

1.人称代词主格和宾格的选择

2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别和选用

3.反身代词词组以及单复数形式

4.指示代词的用法

5.不定代词的辨析(重难点)

6.疑问代词的选用

7.it的用法

代词是代替名词的词类。主要有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、和关系代词、相互代词。

一、人称代词

含义:指代“你、我、他等”人称的代词。如下表:

用法

1.主格作主语

中文举例:我是一个学生。让学生用英语试着说I’m a student.

再次强化:你是一个老师。You are a teacher.

2.宾格做谓语动词和介词的宾语

Let me help you/ listen to me carefully.

注意:

人称代词宾格做短语动词的宾语时的两种结构:

?动词+介词+宾语如:look for it(与look有关的皆是如此,如look at/after/into/like…)

?动词+宾语+副词如:put it away(与put有关的大多如此,如put it up/off)

3.作表语。通常要用宾格

Who is knocking at the door? It's me.

中考演练场:

—Look, that’s Mike, your classmate.

--Y es, Let’s go and say hello to_________.

A. him

B. he

C. her

D. hers

解析:答案A. mike是男名,排除C、D,to是介词,后面应该跟宾格,所以选A。

二、物主代词

含义:表示某个人或者某物属于某人所有的代词。即:我的、你的、他们的等词。

引导:先写出我的,你的,她的,然后让学生跟着写

总结规律:1)名词性物主代词一般在形容词性物主代词后加s

2)已经有了s 的不再加,保持原形。his-his, its-its

3)特殊的my-mine

用法:

1.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,不能单独使用,后边必须跟名词。

如:我的钢笔→my pen.

Their room is on the second floor.

2.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词,作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾

语和表语。

It's not your book, it's mine. Mine= my book

Y ou may use my umbrella. I’ll use hers. Hers= her umbrella

3.of+名词性物主代词可以做定语,形成名词的双重所有格

如:a friend of mine(mine=my friends, 避免重复)

延伸:She is a friend of my mother’s.(√)=she is one of my mother’s friends

(强调她是妈妈的所有朋友中的一个,of在这里相当于数学中的属于符号∈,即she是一个个体,包含在妈妈的朋友这个整体中)

She is a friend of my mother. (X)

(如果要强调她是我妈妈的朋友,应该直接说she is my mother’s friend.)

中考演练场:

—Excuse me, are these _______ books?

—No, they are _______ .

A. your; her

B. his; hers

C. yours; her

D. yours; she

解析:答案B。用代入法,第一句后面跟了books所以要选形容词性物主代词,从A/B中选,第二句中后面无名次,应选名词性物主代词,故选B.

三、反身代词

汉语释义:如我自己、你自己、他自己等。

构成:第一二人称:形容词性物主代词+self/selves

第三人称:人称代词宾格+ self/selves

构成形式是一个易混点,故引导学生按照上述规律写出下表:

用法:反身代词通常和一些动词或介词连用构成词组,如

enjoy oneself玩的愉快by oneself单独地,独自learn. ... by oneself自学teach oneself 自修

help yourself to随便吃

for oneself 为自己

dress oneself 穿衣服

come to oneself苏醒

中考演练场:

—Is this model plane yours, Susan?

--Y es, it’s mine.It’s made by_________.

A. myself

B. yourself

C. himself

D. herself

解析:选A。根据题意,是我自己亲自做的,故选A。

四、指示代词

汉语释义:指示人或物的一类代词,即这个、那个;这些、那些。this, that, these, those 近指:this/these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人

远指:that/those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人

This is my sister.这是我姐姐。(介绍的时候姐姐就在身边)

Who is that girl? 那是我的书。(那个女孩不在说话双方旁边)

These are my friends.这些是我朋友。(朋友就在说话人身边)

1.有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物,例如:

I was ill. That's why I didn't come.(划线部分即为前文)

What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.(划线部分下文)

2. 有时为了避免重复,常用that或those代替前文所提事物,常用语比较级中,表示同等东西的比较。

The weather in Chongqing is hotter than that of Chengdu.(that=the weather)

The population of China is larger than that of the United States. ( that=the population)

3. this 在电话用语中介绍自己,that 询问对方。例如:

Hello! This is Jim. Is that Jack speaking?

五、不定代词(来替代任何不定数量或范围的人和事物词)▲▲▲▲▲

1.one, that 和it

1)one代替泛指的单数名词, 指被替代名词的同类中的一个,相当于a(an)+单数名词。它所替代的名词常有:不定冠词a(an)+形容词,this/that, any, some等修饰。ones是one的复数,反身代词是oneself,物主代词one's。

I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。2)that特指前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词,相当于the+单数名词或不可数名词。that 和被替代名词并非指同一事物,而是指同类事物;多用于事物的比较,避免重复。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。3)it表示特指,代替上文提到的原文、原物,指的是同一事物

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了

2. some, any

1)都做主语、宾语和定语。Some常用在肯定句中,any常用在疑问句和否定句中

I need some paper. Have you got any?

2)any用于肯定句,表示强调,意任何

I don’t like any milk.

3)Some也可用于疑问句中,表示请求、建议或表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答

Would you like some coffee?

3.many, much, (a) few, (a) little

many/a few/few可数名词

much/a little/little+不可数名词

1)用作形容词

I'm going to buy a few apples.

He can speak only a little Chinese.

He has few friends.

They had little money with them.

2)a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。

I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)

Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)

Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)

She slept very little last night.

4.another, other(s), the other(s)

1) the other / another

a)another表别的,另一个,泛指众多中的一个,一般后面接单数名词,前不加定冠词

This book is too difficult for me. Will you please give me another one?

b)the other表示两个中的一个,常与one连用,one…the other…

I have two pencils. One is red, the other is blue.

2)other+名词=others(别的)

Some are listening to the radio. Others are watching TV.

3)the other+名词=the others(其余的,相当于the rest)

Some of the students are from the north. The others (=the other students) are from the south.

4) a) another +数词+ 名词 = 数词+ other(more)+ 名词

Would you like three other (more) apples?

= would you like another three apples?

5. every和each的用法,都是每一个的意思,形式上都是单数

1) every只能作定语,而each兼有形容词和名词的作用,可作主定宾和同位语

2) each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个,every指三个或三个以上的人或物中的一个

3) each强调个体,every强调整体

Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.

4)each与not连用表示全部否定,every与not连用表示部分否定

Each pen is not good here.这里的每支笔都不好用。(全否)

Not every boy likes it=Every boy doesn't like it. 不是所有的男孩都喜欢足球。(半否)

5)each可和of直接连用,构成each of…而every不能直接跟of连用,但是可以every+N+of Each of the students….(√) Every of the students…(X) Every student of…(√)

a)both表两者都,all表示三者以上都。可单独用,也可both/all+the+名词。也可加of.

Both (of) the two sisters like Taylor Swift.

All (of) the students need help.

Both are ok.

All is the well with her.

b)Neither of是对both的完全否定,谓语用单数,none (of)是对all的完全否定,谓语

动词可单可复。

Both the two sisters like Taylor Swift→(否定)neither of the two sisters likes Taylor Swift All the students need help→(否定)none of the students need help.

c)none表特指概念,既可指人,也可指物,代替上文中的可数名词或不可数名词。作主

语时要和of连用,其后谓语动词可用单数也可以用复数:None of us have (has) seen the film.

试比较:

Did any one of my classmates come here? 我的同班同学来过这里吗?

None. 没有(有范围“班”)

Did anyone come here? 有人来过这儿吗?

No one.没有(泛指,没有范围)

d)either…or…;或者…或者neither…nor….既不…也不…谓语动词就近原则

Neither the boys nor Olivia eats mushrooms.

e)Either(of),两者之一;any (of),三者之一

Either of the sisters is going to dance.

Any of the students will get an apple.

7. a lot of, lots of, a number of, large numbers of, a great deal of, plenty of

a lot of/ lots of /plenty of +可数/不可数

many/a number of/large numbers of+可数名词复数

much/a great deal of+不可数名词

A lot of people think that time is money.

I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.

I have a number of letters to write today.

注意:many a student likes English.=many students like English.

8. none, no one, nobody, nothing.

None既指人又指物,后面可跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用可单可复;no one只能指人,不能of。nobody 也只能指人,但可以跟of. nothing只能指物,还可以在口语中用it’s nothing表示没关系。

No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.

Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.

None of my friends came to see me that day.

8、复合不定代词

由some, any, no, every, 加上body, thing, one构成的如somebody, something, anything, nothing, everything, everybody等词,叫做复合不定代词

1)在句子中当单数使用。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如:

Hey, Lily. There is someone outside the door.

There is something important for you.

2)somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中;anything, anybody, anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。

Someone is looking for you.

He doesn’t like anything made in Japan.

Is there anyone in the room?

3)有时something可以一般疑问句中

Would you like something to drink?

六、相互代词each other、one another

汉语释义:表示相互关系的代词

1.each other一般指两个人或物作宾语,one another一般指两个以上的人或物

We didn't know each other at that time. (指说话人加另一人,共两者)

We should help one another in the class.(班上不只两个人)

2.each other’s 和one another’s彼此的,作定语

They have met each other's parents.他们已经见过彼此的父母。

The students corrected one another's mistakes in their homework.学生相互改作业中的错误。

七、疑问代词

疑问代词可以用一个表格总结出.

八、it 的用法

1.指代前文提到的事物

Is this book yours? Not, It’s Tom’s.(it=this book)

2.代替指示代词this和that

What’s that? It’s a clock.

3.指代婴儿或不明身份的人

Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is.

4.只待时间或季节

What’s the time now? it’s 18:40.

5.指代天气

What’s the weather like today? It’s sunny.

6.指代距离

How far is it from your home to school?

7.用作形式主语,常用句型如下

1)it is +adj+(for sb) to do sth

It’s useful for us to learn English.

2)It’s time to do/for/that

It’s time to have lunch.

3)It seems that…看起来好像(似乎)

It seems that you don’t like the food.

4)It’s one’s turn to do sth.

It’s your turn to clean the room.

5)It’s +adj +that

It’s strange that he didn’t go to school yesterday.

8.用在think,find,consider之后作形式宾语

I find it interesting to play football.

9.用于强调句型中

It’s she who brought your dictionary to school.

2011中考试题精选

1. I’m talking to you, Jack. Please listen to carefully.

A. me

B. mine

C. you

D. yours

2. I knocked on the door but answered.

A. somebody

B. nobody

C. anybody

D. everybody

3. I have two children, and of them are working in the west of China.

A.all B. both C. neither D. either

4. ---Is this ruler?

---No. is over there.

A. her; Her

B. her; Hers

C. hers; Hers

D. hers; Her

5. --- ______ bike is this?

--- I think it’ peter’s

A. Who

B. Which

C. Whose

D. What

6. Most of the work was done by my sister and______.

A. me

B. I

C. my

D. Mine

7. ---Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow?

---Sure. I see it as a chance to prove .

A. myself

B. me

C. yourself

D. you

8. May I have a talk with you, sir? I've got important to tell you.

A. nothing

B. anything

C. something

D. everything

9. ---I'm hungry, is there any bread in the fridge?

---______but we have cakes. Would you like to have one?

A. Some

B. Much

C. None

D. Nothing

10. Helen and Mary are good friends. _______often help each other.

A. Them

B. Theirs

C. They

D. Their

11. ---How do you usually come to school, by bus or by bike?

---_________. I walk.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. Both

D. Any

12. ---Here are three books on history. Which one would like to borrow?

---_____________. Y ou see, I’m interested in history these days.

A. All

B. None

C. Both

D. Each

13. ---Which club would you like to join, art club or basketball club?

---_________ is OK. I’m good at them.

A. Neither

B. Either

C. Both

D. All

14. Peter tried on three jackets, but _______ of them fitted him.

A. all

B. both

C. none

D. neither

15. Did you see Peter and Mike? No, I saw ______of them.

A. neither

B. either

C. both

D. none

16. ---The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _____.

---That’s so cool!

A. all

B. both

C. neither

D. none

17. Take care of _______. Y ou don’t want to catch a cold.

A. you

B. yours

C. yourself

18. ---Lily, please put your school things in your bag.

---But thos e books are not ________, they are Tom’s.

A. I

B. my

C. mine

19. ---Mom, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.

---OK. Let’s give him ______ to eat.

A. anything different

B. different anything

C. something different

D. different something

20. Now Old Henry is very sad, so he doesn’t want to do _________.

A. something

B. nothing

C. anything

D. everything

21. ---Y esterday I lost my pencil sharpener. I couldn’t find_______.

---Oh, it’s a pity. Y ou’d better buy ________ this afternoon.

A. it; it

B. it; one

C. one; it

D. one; one

22. Parents care about children’s education more than anything else.

A. their

B. them

C. theirs

23. ---What are _______ teachers doing?

---They are having a meeting.

A. this

B. that

C. those

24. --- Can you cook by____?

---Yes, I can cook well

A. you

B.yours

C.yourself

25. All of us find necessary to take exercise every day.

A. this

B. that

C. them

D. it

26. ---_______is your husband?

---A cook. He works in a restaurant near our home.

A. What

B. Where

C. How

D. Which

27. ---Help to some fruits.

---Thank you .

A. yourself

B. your

C. Y ou

28. ---Can you speak English, Mr Wang?

---Y es, but only___

A. little

B. a little

C. a lot

29. I have two brothers. One is a teacher, _________ is a doctor.

A. another

B. other

C. others

D. the other

30. ---There is still a copy of this book in the library. Will you go and borrow________?

---No, I will buy ________in the bookstore.

A. one; it

B. one; one

C. it; one

D. it; it

31. ---Oh, the traffic is so heavy.

---Let’s change _______ route to the airport.

A. other

B. others

C. the other

D. another

32. ---Do you know Li Na?

---Of course. She's a great tennis player_________ comes from Hubei, China.

A. who

B. what

C. which

33. ---Are these books ____.?

---No. they are not mine. They belong to ______.

A. your, her

B. yours, her

C. you, hers

D. yours, she

34. I don't like _____of the sweaters. Please show me a third one.

A. both

B. either

C. one

D. all

35. I need a dictionary. Who has got ______?

A. one

B. it

C. that

D. this

36. ---There is no salt left. Jim, would you like to get ________?

---OK, Mum!

A. it

B. one

C. some

D. any

37. _____you do, don’t miss this exhibition, for it’s so hard for me to get the tickets.

A. Whatever

B. However

C. Whenever

D. Whether

38. A smile costs nothing, but gives so ______.

A. little

B. few

C. many

D. much

39. I have two cats. One is black, and ______ is white.

A. another

B. some

C. other

D. the other

40. Work hard at English. _____ is difficult if you put your heart into it.

A. Anything

B. Something

C. Nothing

41. I’m expecting a digital camera for long, but dad has no time to buy ______for me.

A. it

B. one

C. this

D. that

42. ---Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?

---I don’t care. ______ is fine.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. Both

D. All

43. ---Tomorrow is David’s tenth birthday.

---Y es. Let’s give _____ a CD. He likes music.

A. himself

B. his

C. him

D. he

44. ---Do you know ________ this dictionary belongs to?

---Let me see. Oh, it’s __________.

A. who does, mine

B. who, me

C. whose, mine

D. who, mine

45. ---Peter, what have done with the poor dog? He is wet through!

---Not ______, mum! I never do the same thing a second time.

A. I

B. me

C. him

D. he

46. is a good idea to bring your camera because you may want to take photos of the autumn leaves.

A. This

B. It

C. That

D. What

47. ---Would you like some juice or coffee?

--- . I really don't mind.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. Both

48. There's wrong with the camera. Look! It works well.

A. something

B. nothing

C. everything

49. My brother’s handwriting isn’t so good as ______.

A. mine

B. my

C. me

50. --- ____are they talking about?

---Our English teacher.

A. What.

B. Whom

C. Whose

D. When

51. The drink is_________ delicious________ everyone in the room enjoys it.

A. such...that

B. too...to

C. so...that

52. ________did Gina say when you told her about the game?

A. How

B. What

C. Which

D. Why

53. ---_____ T-shirt do you like better, the red one or the blue one?

---I prefer the red one

A. How much

B. How many

C. Whose

D. Which

高考英语语法专题复习--代词

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