英语文体学ppt课件
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英语的四种文体的区别PPT课件
n begins to warm the earth. Farmers begin to work hard in the fields, but my cousin is riding on his brown, furry water buffalo. He is playing his flute cheerfully.
The cool evening is quiet and peaceful on the farm. The crickets chirp secret messages back and forth. The frogs croak deeply. The beauty of nature and these mysterious sounds gently lull me to sleep every night on the farm.
The still morning calm is broken by the rooster’s crow. Shortly after that all the creatures on the farm are hungrily awake.
The birds are singing delightfully, flying from tree to tree. The little chicks hurry around with their mother hen looking for food.
1. Narration（叙述文）: writing about
events, actions, or incidents
In chronological order
The first person or the third person
The cool evening is quiet and peaceful on the farm. The crickets chirp secret messages back and forth. The frogs croak deeply. The beauty of nature and these mysterious sounds gently lull me to sleep every night on the farm.
The still morning calm is broken by the rooster’s crow. Shortly after that all the creatures on the farm are hungrily awake.
The birds are singing delightfully, flying from tree to tree. The little chicks hurry around with their mother hen looking for food.
1. Narration（叙述文）: writing about
events, actions, or incidents
In chronological order
The first person or the third person
英语文体学Chapter1Introduction
❖Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."
❖Aristotle: Rhetoric is "the faculty of discovering in any particular case all of the available means of persuasion."
(Qian Yuan)
第十三页，共43页。
1.2 Emergence of Stylistics as an Interdisciplinary Field of Study
❖English Stylistics is often regarded as a discipline that is “both old and young”.
第十五页，共43页。
1.2 Emergence of Stylistics as an Interdisciplinary Field of Study
❖Dating back to 5 B.C., Greek orators and sophists regarded rhetoric as oratory.
❖The second revolution is the one in literary criticism.
❖Ivor Armstrong Richards ❖Practical Criticism ❖He called for a more objective
approach to literary texts, and established an approach to poetry which depended on close reading of the text.
❖Aristotle: Rhetoric is "the faculty of discovering in any particular case all of the available means of persuasion."
(Qian Yuan)
第十三页，共43页。
1.2 Emergence of Stylistics as an Interdisciplinary Field of Study
❖English Stylistics is often regarded as a discipline that is “both old and young”.
第十五页，共43页。
1.2 Emergence of Stylistics as an Interdisciplinary Field of Study
❖Dating back to 5 B.C., Greek orators and sophists regarded rhetoric as oratory.
❖The second revolution is the one in literary criticism.
❖Ivor Armstrong Richards ❖Practical Criticism ❖He called for a more objective
approach to literary texts, and established an approach to poetry which depended on close reading of the text.
文体学3(3)PPT课件
.
8
Metaphor
➢ A metaphor, like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.
.
14
Feminine:
➢ Nature—Mother Nature
➢ Earth--- Mother Earth
➢ morning– Aurora; daughter of the dawn;
➢ evening– the pale child, Eve
.
15
➢ night– empress of silence, and the queen sleep; leading her mother
arms: part of the body; weapons.
row: to row a boat; a row of houses
.
29
➢ There are also words which have more than one basic meaning, or have developed figurative meanings:
We stuck, nor breath nor
motion;
As idle as a painted ship
Upon a painted ocean.
.
7
➢ And then the whining schoolboy, with his satchel and shining morning face, creeping like snail unwillingly to school… (W. Shakespeare: As You Like It)
文体学Chapter 2 LexicologyPPT精品文档61页
3
Lexicology 1. the composition of words– morphemic
devices 2. the meaning of words ---lexical devices
• 2.1 Morphemic devices
Morpheme is the smallest meaningful language unit, which cannot be devided into smaller unit without destroying or drastically altering the meaning.
---- Lexicology is concerned with the study of the meaning of words the composition of words. (Zhang Delu, 2019)
The purpose of lexicological study in relation to stylistics
• Deviation变异: linguistic features which depart from the norm or from the common core.
• Stylistic effects can be achieved by two major ways: P15
• ---by violating the existing norm, rules, principles and conventions
Introduction
Definition of Lexicology ---- Lexicology studies the choice of specific
Lexicology 1. the composition of words– morphemic
devices 2. the meaning of words ---lexical devices
• 2.1 Morphemic devices
Morpheme is the smallest meaningful language unit, which cannot be devided into smaller unit without destroying or drastically altering the meaning.
---- Lexicology is concerned with the study of the meaning of words the composition of words. (Zhang Delu, 2019)
The purpose of lexicological study in relation to stylistics
• Deviation变异: linguistic features which depart from the norm or from the common core.
• Stylistic effects can be achieved by two major ways: P15
• ---by violating the existing norm, rules, principles and conventions
Introduction
Definition of Lexicology ---- Lexicology studies the choice of specific
文体学课件
Thank you for listening!
Using questions or commands to involve hearers. Hearers will have corresponding reactions in the way of laughter or applause etc.
Example
Dialogue
A: Oh my gosh, Jason, is that you? B: Andrew! Hey! What's up! A: I am thrilled to see you here! What a surprise!
A written text More careful than speaking. Having a clear subject (or clue). Making logical arrangement of their thought. Otherwise, the author cannot write a exquisite coherent essay.
A:--I er-er- that er- I want you possibly… to do me a favor. B:--What？ A:--er- can you lend me 200 dollars? B:--er- er(created by myself and used between two Chinese.)
Part3,Differences in preparedness
Speech Spontaneous Do not concentrate only on one subject, they can talk about whatever they want to.( random shift of topics) There is phenomenon of “normal nonfluency” in conversational language.
英语文体学Chapter-3-Surface-Structure-Deviation
meaning.
3.2 Graphological Deviation
Example 6
L(a le af fa ll s) one l iness
The visual effect of this poem is obvious. The lines of poetry imitate the falling of a leaf in late autumn, which is suggestive of the meaning of ‘loneliness’.
3.1 Phonological Deviation
❖3.1.2 Mispronunciation & Sub-Standard Pronunciation
❖E.g. T. Dreiser, Sister Carrie An old Irish woman ye → you murthering → murdering divil → devil thafe → thief
❖The use of mispronunciation and substandard pronunciation may help to vividly describe a character. And substandard language is perceived as more forceful, more direct in expression for standard language is perceived as more civilized, more educated than the substandard one, and sometimes more indirect.
the
Apocope
3.2 Graphological Deviation
Example 6
L(a le af fa ll s) one l iness
The visual effect of this poem is obvious. The lines of poetry imitate the falling of a leaf in late autumn, which is suggestive of the meaning of ‘loneliness’.
3.1 Phonological Deviation
❖3.1.2 Mispronunciation & Sub-Standard Pronunciation
❖E.g. T. Dreiser, Sister Carrie An old Irish woman ye → you murthering → murdering divil → devil thafe → thief
❖The use of mispronunciation and substandard pronunciation may help to vividly describe a character. And substandard language is perceived as more forceful, more direct in expression for standard language is perceived as more civilized, more educated than the substandard one, and sometimes more indirect.
the
Apocope
英语文体学 PPT
General stylistics: concentrating on the general features of various types of language use, including literary discourses and other practical styles
General stylistics
Some Senses of style
1) A man's style is his mind's voice. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
2) Proper words in proper places makes the true definition of a style. (Jonathan Swift)
Introduction to Stylistics
I. Introduction
What is stylistics? Modern Stylistics:
General Stylistics, Literary Stylistics
The Scope of Studies
Literary stylistics: concentrating on the unique features of various literary works, such as poem, novel, prose, drama…
Some Senses of style
5) Style is a shell surrounding a preexisting core of thought. It is regarded as an addition to a central core of thought or expression. (Nils Erik Enkvist)）
General stylistics
Some Senses of style
1) A man's style is his mind's voice. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
2) Proper words in proper places makes the true definition of a style. (Jonathan Swift)
Introduction to Stylistics
I. Introduction
What is stylistics? Modern Stylistics:
General Stylistics, Literary Stylistics
The Scope of Studies
Literary stylistics: concentrating on the unique features of various literary works, such as poem, novel, prose, drama…
Some Senses of style
5) Style is a shell surrounding a preexisting core of thought. It is regarded as an addition to a central core of thought or expression. (Nils Erik Enkvist)）
英语文体学ppt-Varieties in relation to attitude
politeness
Politeness refers to
How languages expressed the social distance between the speakers and their different role-relationships;
How face-work,that is,the attempt to establish,maintain,and save face during conversation,is carried out in a speech community
The consultative style
①Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest metro station?
②A: What can I do for you? B: I’d like to buy some primary taste yogurt .
In English,degrees of politeness are indicated by intonation patterns address forms and some other markers. A rising tone or a falling-rising tone used in commands,invitations,greetings or farewells,often indicates politeness. Excuse me? Thank you! It is very kind of you!
Chapter 6
Varieties in relation to attitude
Degrees of formality
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In a narrower sense, it is an interdisciplinary subject. It is a study of literary discourse from a linguistic orientation, that is, from a linguistic point of view (literary stylistics). Therefore, it differs from linguistics and literary criticism in that it essentially links these two.
.
Components
Description +interpretation +evaluation The most important thing is to remember there is actually no rigid and fixed procedure of stylistic analysis of literary work. Linguistic observation and literary insight proceeds from each other and enhances each other and they form a cyclic motion.
.
Course description:
Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which applies the theory and methodology of modern linguistics to the study of style. In a much broader sense, it deals with the study of all kinds of writing/varieties of English.
Introduction to English Stylistics
.
Course requirements: Class attendance is required, not optional.
Course evaluation: At the end of the course, each student is to submit a term paper related to stylistics.
.
❖ Major topics to be discussed:
1. What is stylistics? What is stylistics meant to do? What is style? 2. Phonological stylistic markers 3. Lexical stylistic markers 4. Grammatical stylistic markers 5. Norm and deviation 6. Varieties of English 7. Practical style
.
The goals, components, and procedure of stylistic inquiry
Goals The first goal of stylistics is to help readers understand a text better. In other words, it provides insights into the meaning of the text. The second goal is to explain why and how one text is better than another one. That is to say, stylistics is more directly concerned with interpretatis: 《英语文体学引论》，王佐良，外研社。 《英语文体学教程》，徐有志，高等教育出版社。 《英语文体学教程》，张德禄，高等教育出版社。 《英语语体学》，裴文，安徽大学出版社。 《实用英语文体学》，钱瑗，外研社。
《文体学概论》，秦秀白，湖南教育出版社。
.
Patterns in Language: Stylistics for Students of Language and Literature---Thomborrow, J., 1998. Style in Language---Sebeok, T. A. (ed.), 1960. The Five Clocks--- Joos, M. , 1962. Linguistics and Style---Enkvist, N.E. & Spencer, 1964. Investigating English Style---Crystal, D & D. Davy, 1969. Stylistics—Turner, G. W., 1973. Style in Fiction--- Leech, G. & M. Short, 1981. The Stylistics of Fiction---Toolan, M., 1990.
.
Procedure: Analytic phase +interpretative phase
The nature of stylistic analysis Generally, the stylistic analysis is mainly concerned with the uniqueness of the language use in a given text. That is to show what is peculiar to the language in a text. This is determined by the nature of style itself. This naturally involves comparison between the language used in the text under investigation and the language used in a conventional way. So essentially speaking, stylistic study is essentially comparative in nature.
In a narrower sense, it is an interdisciplinary subject. It is a study of literary discourse from a linguistic orientation, that is, from a linguistic point of view (literary stylistics). Therefore, it differs from linguistics and literary criticism in that it essentially links these two.
.
Components
Description +interpretation +evaluation The most important thing is to remember there is actually no rigid and fixed procedure of stylistic analysis of literary work. Linguistic observation and literary insight proceeds from each other and enhances each other and they form a cyclic motion.
.
Course description:
Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which applies the theory and methodology of modern linguistics to the study of style. In a much broader sense, it deals with the study of all kinds of writing/varieties of English.
Introduction to English Stylistics
.
Course requirements: Class attendance is required, not optional.
Course evaluation: At the end of the course, each student is to submit a term paper related to stylistics.
.
❖ Major topics to be discussed:
1. What is stylistics? What is stylistics meant to do? What is style? 2. Phonological stylistic markers 3. Lexical stylistic markers 4. Grammatical stylistic markers 5. Norm and deviation 6. Varieties of English 7. Practical style
.
The goals, components, and procedure of stylistic inquiry
Goals The first goal of stylistics is to help readers understand a text better. In other words, it provides insights into the meaning of the text. The second goal is to explain why and how one text is better than another one. That is to say, stylistics is more directly concerned with interpretatis: 《英语文体学引论》，王佐良，外研社。 《英语文体学教程》，徐有志，高等教育出版社。 《英语文体学教程》，张德禄，高等教育出版社。 《英语语体学》，裴文，安徽大学出版社。 《实用英语文体学》，钱瑗，外研社。
《文体学概论》，秦秀白，湖南教育出版社。
.
Patterns in Language: Stylistics for Students of Language and Literature---Thomborrow, J., 1998. Style in Language---Sebeok, T. A. (ed.), 1960. The Five Clocks--- Joos, M. , 1962. Linguistics and Style---Enkvist, N.E. & Spencer, 1964. Investigating English Style---Crystal, D & D. Davy, 1969. Stylistics—Turner, G. W., 1973. Style in Fiction--- Leech, G. & M. Short, 1981. The Stylistics of Fiction---Toolan, M., 1990.
.
Procedure: Analytic phase +interpretative phase
The nature of stylistic analysis Generally, the stylistic analysis is mainly concerned with the uniqueness of the language use in a given text. That is to show what is peculiar to the language in a text. This is determined by the nature of style itself. This naturally involves comparison between the language used in the text under investigation and the language used in a conventional way. So essentially speaking, stylistic study is essentially comparative in nature.