英语诗歌入门
小学英语必背诗歌100首

小学英语必背诗歌100首小学时期是培养英语语感和口语表达能力的关键时期,背诵英语诗歌是其中一种有效的研究方法。
下面是100首小学英语必背诗歌,帮助学生们更好地掌握基础英语表达。
1. Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star2. Baa, Baa, Black Sheep3. Hickory Dickory Dock4. Jack and Jill5. Mary Had a Little Lamb6. Little Miss Muffet7. Humpty Dumpty8. The Itsy Bitsy Spider9. Row, Row, Row Your Boat10. London Bridge is Falling Down11. Old MacDonald Had a Farm12. The Wheels on the Bus13. Five Little Ducks14. Incy Wincy Spider15. The Alphabet Song16. This Old Man17. Pat-a-Cake18. Five Little Monkeys19. Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes20. If You're Happy and You Know It21. The Hokey Pokey22. Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear23. I'm a Little Teapot24. Ring Around the Rosie25. Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary26. Eensy Weensy Spider27. The Muffin Man28. The Farmer in the Dell29. The Mulberry Bush30. Sing a Song of Sixpence31. Little Bo Peep32. I Hear Thunder33. Rain, Rain, Go Away34. Do You Know the Muffin Man?35. Little Jack Horner36. Five Green and Speckled Frogs37. Hey Diddle Diddle38. Where Is Thumbkin?39. Pease Porridge Hot40. I'm a Little Snowman41. Itsy Bitsy Spider42. The Ants Go Marching43. Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear44. Five Little Speckled Frogs45. Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush46. The Grand Old Duke of York47. Wheels on the Bus48. I'm a Little Teapot49. Polly Put the Kettle On50. Little Miss Muffet51. Little Bo Peep52. Old MacDonald Had a Farm53. Sing a Song of Sixpence54. Pat-a-Cake55. This Old Man56. Row, Row, Row Your Boat57. London Bridge is Falling Down58. Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star59. Baa, Baa, Black Sheep60. Humpty Dumpty61. Jack and Jill62. Mary Had a Little Lamb63. The Itsy Bitsy Spider64. Hickory Dickory Dock65. Five Little Ducks66. Incy Wincy Spider67. The Alphabet Song68. Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes69. If You're Happy and You Know It70. The Hokey Pokey71. Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear72. I'm a Little Teapot73. Ring Around the Rosie74. Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary75. Eensy Weensy Spider76. The Muffin Man77. The Farmer in the Dell78. The Mulberry Bush79. Sing a Song of Sixpence80. Little Bo Peep81. I Hear Thunder82. Rain, Rain, Go Away83. Do You Know the Muffin Man?84. Little Jack Horner85. Five Green and Speckled Frogs86. Hey Diddle Diddle87. Where Is Thumbkin?88. Pease Porridge Hot89. I'm a Little Snowman90. Itsy Bitsy Spider91. The Ants Go Marching92. Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear93. Five Little Speckled Frogs94. Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush95. The Grand Old Duke of York96. Wheels on the Bus97. I'm a Little Teapot98. Polly Put the Kettle On99. Little Miss Muffet100. Little Bo Peep以上是100首小学英语必背诗歌,希望对学生们的英语学习有所帮助。
简单经典的英文诗歌带翻译

简单经典的英文诗歌带翻译英语诗歌具有非常丰富的内涵,也有优美的形式。
学习英语者一定要多多欣赏英语诗歌,培养自己的文学美感。
小编精心收集了简单经典的英文诗歌带翻译,供大家欣赏学习!简单经典的英文诗歌带翻译篇1春天 Springsound the flute!now it's mute.birds delightday and night.nightingalein the dale,lark in skymerrilymerrily merrily to welcome in the year.little boyfull of joy.little girlsweet and small.cock does crow,so do you.merry voice,infant noise,merrily merrily to welcome in the year.little lamb,here i am,come and lickmy white neck.let me pullyour soft wool.let me kissyour soft face.merrily merrily we welcome in the year. 把笛子吹起!现在它无声无息。
白天夜晚鸟儿们喜欢。
有一只夜莺在山谷深深,天上的云雀,满心喜悦,欢天喜地,迎接新年到。
小小的男孩无比欢快。
小小的女孩玲珑可爱。
公鸡喔喔叫,你也叫声高。
愉快的嗓音,婴儿的闹声,欢天喜地,迎接新年到。
小小的羊崽,这里有我在,走过来舔舐我白白的脖子。
你的毛柔软,让我牵一牵。
你的脸娇嫩,让我吻一吻。
欢天喜地,我们迎接新年到。
简单经典的英文诗歌带翻译篇2Lady Lazarusby sylvia plathi have done it again.one year in every teni manage it ——a sort of waling miracle, my skinbright as a nazi lampshade,my right foota paperweight,my face a featureless, finejew linen.peel off the napkino my enemy.do i terrify? ——the nose, the eye pits, the full set of teeth?the sour breathwill vanish in a day.soon, soon the fleshthe grave cave ate will beat home on meand i a smiling woman.i am only thirty.and like the cat i have nine times to die.this is number three.what a trashto annihilate each decade.what a million filaments.the peanut-crunching crowdshoves in to seethem upwrap me hand and foot——the big strip tease.gentlemen, ladiesthese are my handsmy knees.i may be skin and bone,nevertheless,i am the same, identical woman. the first time it happened i was ten.it was an accident.the second time i meantto last it out and not come back at all.i rocked shutas a seashell.they had to call and calland pick the worms off me like sticky pearls. dyingis an art, like everything else.i do it exceptionally well.i do it so it feels like hell.i do it so it feels real.i guess you could say i've a call.it's easy enough to do it in a cell.it's easy enough to do it and stay put.it's the theatricalcomeback in broad dayto the same place, the same face, the same brute amused shout:'a miracle!'that knocks me out.there is a charge.for the eyeing of my scars, there is a chargefor the hearing of my heart——it really goes.and there is a charge, a very large chargefor a word or a touchor a bit of bloodor a piece of my hair or my clothes.so, so, herr doktor.so, herr enemy.i am your opus,i am your valuable,the pure gold baby简单经典的英文诗歌带翻译篇3生如夏花(泰戈尔)Life, thin and light-off time and time againFrivolous tirelessoneI heard the echo, from the valleys and the heartOpen to the lonely soul of sickle harvestingRepeat outrightly, but also repeat the well-being ofEventually swaying in the desert oasisI believe I amBorn as the bright summer flowersDo not withered undefeated fiery demon ruleHeart rate and breathing to bear the load of the cumbersome BoredTwoI heard the music, from the moon and carcassAuxiliary extreme aestheticism bait to capture mistyFilling the intense life, but also filling the pureThere are always memories throughout the earthI believe I amDied as the quiet beauty of autumn leavesSheng is not chaos, smoke gestureEven wilt also retained bone proudly Qing Feng muscleOccultThreeI hear love, I believe in loveLove is a pool of struggling blue-green algaeAs desolate micro-burst of windBleeding through my veinsYears stationed in the beliefFourI believe that all can hearEven anticipate discrete, I met the other their ownSome can not grasp the momentLeft to the East to go West, Gu, the dead must not return to See, I head home Zanhua, in full bloom along the way all the wayFrequently missed some, but also deeply moved by wind, frost, snow or rainFivePrajna Paramita, soon as soon asShengruxiahua dead, as an autumn leafAlso care about what has生命,一次又一次轻薄过轻狂不知疲倦——题记一我听见回声,来自山谷和心间以寂寞的镰刀收割空旷的灵魂不断地重复决绝,又重复幸福终有绿洲摇曳在沙漠我相信自己生来如同璀璨的夏日之花不凋不败,妖治如火承受心跳的负荷和呼吸的累赘乐此不疲二我听见音乐,来自月光和胴体辅极端的诱饵捕获飘渺的唯美一生充盈着激烈,又充盈着纯然总有回忆贯穿于世间我相信自己死时如同静美的秋日落叶不盛不乱,姿态如烟即便枯萎也保留丰肌清骨的傲然玄之又玄三我听见爱情,我相信爱情爱情是一潭挣扎的蓝藻如同一阵凄微的风穿过我失血的静脉驻守岁月的信念四我相信一切能够听见甚至预见离散,遇见另一个自己而有些瞬间无法把握任凭东走西顾,逝去的必然不返请看我头置簪花,一路走来一路盛开频频遗漏一些,又深陷风霜雨雪的感动五般若波罗蜜,一声一声生如夏花,死如秋叶还在乎拥有什么。
英语诗_经典英语诗歌大全

英语诗_经典英语诗歌大全你喜欢读英语诗吗?多读英语诗对于提升自己的英语水平有所帮助,下面是店铺整理的一些经典的英语诗歌,欢迎大家阅读!英语诗一:小诗If you were a teardrop;In my eye,For fear of losing you,I would never cry.And if the golden sun,Should cease to shine its light,Just one smile from you,Would make my whole world bright.如果你是我眼里的一滴泪,为了不失去你,我将永不哭泣;如果金色的阳光停止了它耀眼的光芒,你的一个微笑,将照亮我的整个世界英语小诗二:励志英文诗Never give up,Never lose hope.Always have faith,It allows you to cope.Trying times will pass,As they always do.Just have patience,Your dreams will come true.So put on a smile,You'll live through your pain.Know it will pass,And strength you will gain永不放弃,永不心灰意冷。
永存信念,它会使你应付自如。
难捱的时光终将过去,一如既往。
只要有耐心,梦想就会成真。
露出微笑,你会走出痛苦。
相信苦难定会过去,你将重获力量。
英语诗三:英语小诗Hold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想,For if dreams die 梦想若是消亡Life is a broken-winged bird 生命就象鸟儿折了翅膀That can never fly. 再也不能飞翔Hold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想,For when dreams go 梦想若是消丧Life is a barren field 生命就象贫瘠的荒野,Frozen only with snow 雪覆冰封,万物不再生英语诗四:英文爱情小诗If I could save time in a bottlethe first thing that I'd like to dois to save every day until eternity passes awayjust to spend them with you英语诗五:我和你等于永恒If I could save time in a bottlethe first thing that I'd like to dois to save every day until eternity passes awayjust to spend them with youIf I could make days last foreverif words could make wishes come trueI'd save every day like a treasure and thenagain I would spend them with you如果我能把时间存入一个瓶子,我要作的第一件事就是,把每一天都存下来直到永恒,再和你一起慢慢度过。
简单又经典的英文诗歌

简单又经典的英文诗歌英语诗歌,是一种较为纯粹的拼音语言,它有许多格律和音韵及音义方面的讲究,值得读者注意。
店铺整理了简单又经典的英文诗歌,欢迎阅读!简单又经典的英文诗歌一I asked nothing, only stood at the edge of the wood behind the tree.我一无所求,只站在林边树后。
Languor was still upon the eyes of the dawn, and the dew in the air.倦意还逗留在黎明的眼上,露润在空气里。
The lazy smell of the damp grass hung in the thin mist above the earth.湿草的懒味悬垂在地面的薄雾中。
Under the banyan tree you were milking the cow with your hands, tender and fresh asbutter.在榕树下你用乳油般柔嫩的手挤着牛奶。
And I was standing still.我沉静地站立着。
I did not come near you.我没有走近你。
The sky woke with the sound of the gong at the temple.天空和庙里的锣声一同醒起。
The dust was raised in the road from the hoofs of the driven cattle.街尘在驱走的牛蹄下飞扬。
With the gurgling pitchers at their hips, women came from the river.把汩汩发响的水瓶搂在腰上,女人们从河边走来。
Your bracelets were jingling, and foam brimming over the jar.你的钏镯丁当,乳沫溢出罐沿。
简单好背的英文诗歌精选

简单好背的英文诗歌精选英语诗歌是英美文学中的珍宝。
在英美文学中,尤其是早期作品中,如史诗及戏剧都是以诗歌的形式出现。
小编精心收集了简单好背的英文诗歌,供大家欣赏学习!简单好背的英文诗歌篇1Saltby Ander MonsonIt covers everything, a glossy January rindalong tires. Sunny days have brought it out,burned away the ice, leftthe calcified tidelines to gloaton the hoods and sun-warm trunksof cars queued up along the curb,parking close as they can getto each other, to the raisedsidewalk that's buriedbeneath the dirt crust next to the neon-litsign for the funeral home.The body of the boy we knew is stillinside, the cheeks teasedback to cheery life with rouge.The ice on the canalthe faulty floor through which he descendedblazing on the back of his Arctic Catis black as slatewhich means it's thinand boys on the shorethrow aimless stones that yieldricochets with laser sounds.The outdoor rink is bare, festoonedwith bits of the Canadian flagfragments of the maple leafglistening starlike after storm.简单好背的英文诗歌篇2San Antonioby Naomi Shihab NyeTonight I lingered over your name,the delicate assembly of vowelsa voice inside my head.You were sleeping when I arrived.I stood by your bedand watched the sheets rise gently.I knew what slant of lightwould make you turn over.It was then I feltthe highways slide out of my hands.I remembered the old menin the west side cafe,dealing dominoes like magical charms.It was then I knew,like a woman looking backward,I could not leave you,or find anyone I loved more.简单好背的英文诗歌篇3Salvageby Amy ClampittDaily the cortege of crumpleddefunct carsgoes by by the lasagna-layered flatbedtruckload: hardtopreverting to tar smudge,wax shine antiqued to crusted winepress smear,windshield battered tointact ice-tint, a rarityfresh from the Pleistocene.I like it; privatelyI find estheticsatisfaction in these ceremonial removalsfrom the category ofreceived ideasto regions where pigeons' svelte smoke-velvet limousines, taxiingin whirligigs, reclaima parking lot,and the bag-ladenhermit woman, disencumbered of a greater incubus,the crush of unexamined attitudes, stoutlyfollows her routine,mining the mountainsidesof our daily refusefor artifacts: subversivere-establishingwith each arcanetrash-basket digthe pleasures of the ruined.简单好背的英文诗歌篇4San Francisco Night Windowsby Robert Penn WarrenSo hangs the hour like fruit fullblown and sweet,Our strict and desperate avatar,Despite that antique westward gulls lamentOver enormous waters which retreatWeary unto the white and sensual star.Accept these images for what they are——Out of the past a fragile elementOf substance into accident.I would speak honestly and of a full heart;I would speak surely for the tale is short,And the soul's remorseless catalogueAssumes its quick and piteous sum.Think you, hungry is the city in the fogWhere now the darkened piles resumeTheir framed and frozen prayerArticulate and shafted in the stoneAgainst the void and absolute air.If so the frantic breath could be forgiven,And the deep blood subdued before it is goneIn a savage paternoster to the stone,Then might we all be shriven.简单好背的英文诗歌篇5San Sepolcroby Jorie GrahamIn this blue lightI can take you there,snow having made mea world of boneseen through to. Thisis my house,my section of Etruscanwall, my neighbor's lemontrees, and, just below the lower church,the airplane factory.A roostercrows all day from mistoutside the walls.There's milk on the air,ice on the oilylemonskins. How cleanthe mind is,holy grave. It is this girlby Pierodella Francesca, unbuttoning her blue dress,her mantle of weather,to go intolabor. Come, we can go in.It is beforethe birth of god. No onehas risen yetto the museums, to the assembly line——bodiesand wings——to the open airmarket. This iswhat the living do: go in.It's a long way.And the dress keeps openingfrom eternityto privacy, quickening.Inside, at the heart,is tragedy, the present moment forever stillborn,but going in, each breathis a buttoncoming undone, something terribly nimble-fingeredfinding all of the stops.。
关于简单的英语诗歌大全

关于简单的英语诗歌大全诗歌是一种典型的文学形式,它既属于文学,又是一种艺术。
古今中外,对于诗歌的研究从未间断,我们在研究的过程中发现诗歌的美,同时又在前人研究的基础上创造出更好的诗歌作品。
小编精心收集了关于简单的英语诗歌,供大家欣赏学习!关于简单的英语诗歌篇1My Heart Leaps UpMy heart leaps up when I beholdA rainbow in the sky:So was it when my life began;So is it now I am a man;So be it when I shall grow old,Or let me die!The Child is father of the Man;And I could wish my days to beBound each to each by natural piety.关于简单的英语诗歌篇2Never Forget Little Thingslittle maids and little ladsevery one wants to be honestonly learns the following rulea bright future you`ll seelittle letter make a thoughtlittle thoughts make a booklittle drops make a tricklelittle trickles make a lakelittle seconds make minuteslittle minutesmake a hourslittle seeds make a treeand grow into fine flowers关于简单的英语诗歌篇3If all the world were paper,And all the sea were ink,If all the trees were bread and cheese, What should we have to drink?要是世界是张纸,要是海洋是墨汁,要是树木是面包,什么饮料给我吃?关于简单的英语诗歌篇4Work while you work,Play while you play,That is the way,To be work and gay.工作认真,玩耍开心,娱乐工作开心乐呵关于简单的英语诗歌篇5Good, better, best,Never let it rest.Until good is better,And better is best.好,较好,最好,要让它们跑,让好变更好,更好成最好关于简单的英语诗歌篇6The cock crowns in the morn,To tell us to rise,And he that lies lateWill never be wise;For early to bed,And early to rise,Is the way to be healthyAnd wealthy and wise.公鸡来报晓,催人起得早;谁要睡懒觉,脑子不开窍;早睡又早起,有个好身体,早起又早睡,聪明又智慧.关于简单的英语诗歌篇7LifeBy Langston HughesLife can be good,Life can be bad,Life is mostly cheerful,But sometimes sad.Life can be dreams,Life can be great thoughts;Life can mean a person,Sitting in court.Life can be dirty,Life can even be painful;But life is what you make it,So try to make it beautiful.生活作者:兰斯顿·休斯生活可能美满,生活可能悲伤,生活常常充满欢乐, 但有时令人沮丧.生活可能是梦幻一场, 生活可能是智慧结晶; 生活也可能将一个人送上被告法庭.生活可能丑陋,生活甚至可能痛苦; 但生活是你自己创造, 所以努力创造幸福.。
英语小诗歌

【1】Rain雨Rain is falling all around, 雨儿在到处降落,It falls on field and tree, 它落在田野和树梢,It rains on the umbrella here, 它落在这边的雨伞上,And on the ships at sea. 又落在航行海上的船只。
by R. L. Stevenson, 1850-1894【2】What Does The Bee Do?What does the bee do? 蜜蜂做些什么?Bring home honey. 把蜂蜜带回家。
And what does Father do? 父亲做些什么?Bring home money. 把钱带回家。
And what does Mother do? 母亲做些什么?Lay out the money. 把钱用光。
And what does baby do?婴儿做些什么?Eat up the honey. 把蜜吃光。
by C. G. Rossetti, 1830-1894【3】O Sailor, Come Ashore啊!水手,上岸吧(Part I)O sailor, come ashore 啊!水手,上岸吧What have you brought for me? 你给我带来什么?Red coral , white coral, 海里的珊瑚,Coral from the sea. 红的,白的。
(Part II)I did not dig it from the ground 它不是我从地下挖的,Nor pluck it from a tree; 也不是从树上摘的;Feeble insects made it 它是暴风雨的海裹In the stormy sea. 弱小昆虫做成的。
by C. G. Rossetti【4】THE WIND风(Part I)Who has seen the wind? 谁曾见过风的面貌?Neither I nor you; 谁也没见过,不论你或我;But when the leaves hang trembling, 但在树叶震动之际,The wind is passing through. 风正从那里吹过。
关于简单短篇的英文诗歌

关于简单短篇的英文诗歌英语诗歌具有非常丰富的内涵,也有优美的形式。
是英语学习者的良好读物。
小编精心收集了关于简单短篇的英文诗歌,供大家欣赏学习!关于简单短篇的英文诗歌篇1the blue blue skyi miss my blue blue skybut aftet i left my homeblue blue sky is far away from meand there is no stari miss my blue blue skyi miss my little little home关于简单短篇的英文诗歌篇2i doi wanti am proudi only do thingswhat i want to doeven it is the same thingi hate people let me do somethingi do anything is depended by myself.关于简单短篇的英文诗歌篇3Falling Butterfly坠蝶When my heart become a butterfly,You look at it falling down from the sky.I hope you are angle,But you are passing by.关于简单短篇的英文诗歌篇4Mother's Smile母亲的微笑Writing a cold poem,I walk into winter.But you give me a smile,I become a spring singer.关于简单短篇的英文诗歌篇5Soul Back魂归There is a new tomb on the soil,The relatives burst into tears.Moving with moon light,I wish your soul can be back.。
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英语诗歌入门诗歌是纯文学。
英美文学传统中此种文学形式十分繁荣,在这方面甚至可与被称为“诗的国度”的中国相提并论。
正如学习汉语不明诗词歌赋为何物,就难入佳境一样,学习英文而不解诗味,也堪称憾事。
然而,由于用词典雅、句法精炼、形式别致以及意象丰富等等缘故,英文诗号称难读。
本课程精选莎士比亚以来名家名诗数十首,解其句读,析其格律,达其妙趣,并判其风格,使初学者尝其一脔,略知滋味,并望其由此获得进入英诗宝库之门径。
导引诗歌是一种精美的艺术,趣味高一点的人一般都喜欢诗歌。
受过良好教育的中国人都会背诵若干首古诗。
现在人们很重视学习英文,学习英文,视野也应宽阔一些,也应当对英文诗歌多少有些领略才好。
中国文学中诗歌成就极大,英语文学中,诗歌也极其丰富多彩。
语言艺术的最高表现形式在诗歌。
如果只是知道实用性的英文,只学习商业英文、法律英文等英文,对英语文学毫无修养,对英文诗歌一无所知,那将是一个不小的遗憾,将会影响到审美能力的发展和提高,学英文而不懂英文诗歌,不仅从审美角度看是一个遗憾,而且从英语学习这一角度看,不学一些英文诗歌,其英语水平也达不到很高的层次。
诗歌语言最精炼,语汇最丰富,表达形式最精美,语言的色调最细腻。
如果对诗歌有一定修养,其语言表达能力会大大提高。
试想一个学汉语的人,如果对唐诗宋词一无所知,其汉语水平不会很高。
学英语者也是如此。
如果他对莎士比亚、弥尔顿、华兹华斯、拜伦、雪莱、济慈等人的著名诗篇一窍不通,其英文水平也不会很高。
总之,有一定英语基础的人不能不更上一层楼,读一点英文诗。
这不仅有助于提高我们的文学素养,丰富我们的审美能力,也有助于提高我们的英语水平。
英诗基础知识读英文诗歌相当不容易。
其中的主要原因是诗歌有其独特的语言特点和表达方式,与散文有明显区别。
为更好地欣赏英文诗歌,很有必要了解一些相关的基本知识。
这方面的知识极其细致,以下只介绍一些最基本的。
一节奏诗歌是具有音乐性的语言。
音乐作品的最大特点之一是音符的流动是有节奏的。
所谓节奏就是强拍和弱拍按一定的形式配合起来,有规律地反复出现。
懂点音乐的人都知道,音乐中基本的节奏有两种,即强——弱(2/4拍)和强——弱——弱(3/4拍)。
举两个简单的例子:《东方红》的节奏就是强——弱:5 56│2 —│1 16│2 —│5 5│6i 65│1 16│2 —│《新年好》(HAPPY NEW YEAR)这首儿歌的节奏是强——弱——弱:11 1 5 │33 3 1│13 5 5 │43 2 —│23 4 4 │32 3 1│13 2 5│72 1 —│中国古诗有节奏。
其节奏主要是通过汉字特有的声调表现出来的。
传统汉语中的声调有四:平、上、去、入。
平声称“平声”,上、去、入三声统称仄声。
平声与仄声结合起来反复出现,就是中国诗歌的节奏。
如一首五言绝句,其最常见的节奏是:仄仄平平仄,平平仄仄平。
平平平仄仄,仄仄仄平平。
王之涣《等鹳雀楼》:白日依山尽,黄河入海流。
欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。
此诗即是这样的节奏。
其中“欲”字是仄声,与格式不合。
但根据格律要求,诗行中的第一字可平可仄。
英文诗歌也有节奏。
英文没有平声、仄声之分,但有重读轻读音节之分,其节奏是通过重读音节与轻读音节表现出来的。
一个重读音节与一个或两个轻读音节按一定的模式搭配起来,有规律地反复出现就是英文诗歌的节奏。
我们知道凡是有两个以上音节的英文单词,都有重读音节与轻读音节之分,在一句话中,根据语法、语调、语意的要求,有些词也要重读,有些要轻读。
如he went to town to buy a book.. I’m glad to h ear the news. 英文中有重读和轻读之分,重读的音节和轻读的音节,按一定模式配合起来,反复再现,组成诗句,听起来起伏跌宕,抑扬顿挫,就形成了诗歌的节奏。
多音节单词有重音和次重音,次重音根据节奏既可视为重读,也可视为轻读。
读下面这两句诗:Alone │she cuts │and binds│ the grain,And sings │a me│lancho│ly strain.这两行诗的重读与轻读的固定搭配模式是:轻——重。
在每行中再现四次,这样就形成了这两行诗的节奏。
某种固定的轻重搭配叫“音步”(foot),相当与乐谱中的“小节”。
一轻一重,就是这两行诗的音步。
一行诗中轻重搭配出现的次数叫音步数,这两行诗的音步数都是四,所以就称其为四音步诗。
二常见的音步类型音步是轻读与重读构成的。
根据重读与轻读搭配的方式的不同,可以划分出不同的音步类型。
音步类型不同,节奏自然也不同。
最常见的音步类型有以下四种:(一)抑扬格如果一个音步中有两个音节,前者为轻,后者为重,则这种音步叫抑扬格音步,其专业术语是(iamb, iambic.)。
轻读是“抑”,重读是“扬”,一轻一重,故称抑扬格。
英语中有大量的单词,其发音都是一轻一重,如adore, excite, above, around, appear, besides, attack, supply, believe, return等,所以用英语写诗,用抑扬格就很便利。
也就是说,抑扬格很符合英语的发音规律。
因此,在英文诗歌中用得最多的便是抑扬格,百分之九十的英文诗都是用抑扬格写成的。
前面的那两句诗就是抑扬格诗。
(二)扬抑格如果一个音步中有两个音节,前者为重,后者为轻,则这种音步叫扬抑格音步,其专业术语是(trochee, trochaic.)。
重读是“扬”,轻读是“抑”,一重一轻,故称扬抑格。
与抑扬格恰好相反。
英语中也有一批其读音为一重一轻的单词,如Happy, many, holy, yonder, headlong, flaming, upper, grandeur, failing等。
写扬抑格的诗,此类词正好合适。
但这类词在英语中其数量不及前面的那些多,与英文的语言规律不十分吻合,所以扬抑格诗不多。
举两句诗例:Present │mirth has │present │laughterShakespeareShake your │chains to │earth like │dewShelley(三)抑抑扬格抑抑扬格含三个音节,即轻——轻——重,专门术语是:Anapaest, anapaestic例词:cavalier, intercede, disbelieve, reappear, disapprove, indistinct, on the hill.例句:拜伦的以下四行诗是抑抑扬格:The Assyr│ian came down │like the wolf │o n the fold,And his coh│orts were glea│ming in purp│le and gold;And the sheen│ of their spears │was like stars │on the sea,When the blue │waves rolls night│ly on deep │Galilee.——Destruction of Sennacherib这是拜伦写的描述古代亚述人围攻耶路撒冷,被瘟疫所袭的诗的一节。
第四行第二音步中的waves 一词可轻可重。
诗题中的Sennacherib 是亚述国王。
fold 指羊群,purple and gold 描写亚述军队的服饰,Galilee,巴勒斯坦北部的加利利湖。
cohorts军团,sheen,光芒。
(四)扬抑抑格重——轻——轻是扬抑抑格,专门术语是:dactyl, dactylic.例词:happily, merciful, eloquent, messenger, merrily, properly, accident, quantity.例句:Draggin g the │corn by her │golden hair.Davies: the villain.英文诗歌中的音步类型有十几种之多,常见者即此四种,第一种则最常见。
此外诗句中也常有抑抑格(pyrrhic[/peirik]和扬扬格(spondee[/sp :ndi])出现。
需要说明的是,这些音步类型只是理论上的分析,实际上,一首诗仅用一种音步类型写,这种情况极少见,大多是以某一种为主,同时穿插其他类型。
如果一首诗只含有一种音步,就会显得非常单调机械。
一首诗只要是以某种类型为主的,尽管有其他类型穿插其中,也称此诗为某某格。
如,以抑扬格为主要节奏写成的,就称此诗为抑扬格诗。
现代兴起的一些自由诗(FREE VERSE),不受这些格律的限制。
三诗行(一)一诗行不一定是一个完整的句字。
英文诗每行的第一个字母都大写,但是一诗行不一定是一个完整的句子,不一定能表达一个完整的意思。
有时候,一行诗正好是一句,有时两行甚至许多行才构成一个意思完整的句子。
前者叫end-stopped line (结句行),后者叫run-on line.(跨行句)。
这是英文诗与中国诗的最大区别之一。
中国诗歌都是一行表达一个完整的意思。
看下面一节诗:I shot an arrow into the air,It fell to earth, I knew not where;For, so swiftly it flew, the sightCould not follow it in its flight.前两行是end-stopped line,后两行是run-on line。
读跨行句诗,行末停顿较短。
跨行句在英文诗歌中极其普遍,有时十来行才成一完整句子。
刚学英文诗的人,对此往往不习惯。
对此我们需加注意。
(二)诗行的长短以音步数目计算:英文诗行的长度范围一般是一音步——五音步。
六、七、八音步的诗行也有,但不多。
最多的是四音步、五音步的诗。
(各种长短诗行的专门术语:一音步诗:monometer 二音步诗:dimeter三音步诗:trimeter四音步诗:tetrameter 五音步诗:pentameter 六音步诗:hexameter 七音步诗:heptameter八音步诗:octameter.)在分析一首诗的格律时,既要考律此诗的基本音步类型,也要考律此诗中诗行的音步数目。
看下面的一首短诗:An EMPTY HOUSEAlexander PopeYou beat│your pate, │and fan│cy wit │will come:Knock as│you please, │there’s no│body│at home.(你拍拍脑袋,以为灵感马上就来。
可任你怎么敲打,也无人把门打开。
pate,脑袋。
fancy,动词:以为,想象。
)此诗的基本音步类型是抑扬格,每行五音步。
因此称此诗的格律是“抑扬格五音步”(iambic pentameter)。