材料科学基础专业词汇

材料科学基础专业词汇：第二章晶体结构缺陷固溶体solid solution 固溶度solid solubility化合物compound 间隙固溶体interstitial solid solution 置换固溶体s ubstitutional solid solution 金属间化合物intermetallics不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution 转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution有序固溶体ordered solid solution 无序固溶体 disordered solid solution 固溶强化solid solution strengthening 取代型固溶体Substitutional solidsolutions过饱和固溶体supersaturated solid solution 非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometriccompound缺陷defect, imperfection 点缺陷point defect 线缺陷line defect, dislocation 面缺陷interface defect 体缺陷volume defect 位错排列dislocationarrangement 位错线dislocation line 刃位错edge dislocation 螺位错screw dislocation 混合位错mixed dislocation 晶界grain boundaries 大角度晶界high-angle grainboundaries小角度晶界tilt boundary, 孪晶界twin boundaries 位错阵列dislocation array 位错气团dislocationatmosphere 位错轴dislocation axis 位错胞dislocation cell 位错爬移dislocation climb 位错聚结dislocationcoalescence 位错滑移dislocation slip 位错核心能量dislocation coreenergy 位错裂纹dislocation crack 位错阻尼dislocation damping 位错密度dislocation density 原子错位substitution of awrong atom 间隙原子interstitial atom 晶格空位vacant lattice sites 间隙位置interstitial sites 杂质impurities弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder 肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder 主晶相the host lattice 错位原子misplaced atoms 缔合中心Associated Centers. 自由电子Free Electrons 电子空穴Electron Holes 伯格斯矢量Burgers克罗各-明克符号Kroger Vink notation 中性原子neutral atom材料科学基础专业词汇：第三章熔体结构体结构structure of melt 过冷液体supercooling melt玻璃态vitreous state 软化温度softening temperature 粘度viscosity 表面张力Surface tension介稳态过渡相m etastable phase 组织constitution淬火quenching 退火的softened玻璃分相phase separation inglasses体积收缩volume shrinkage材料科学基础专业词汇：第四章固体的表面与界面表面surface 界面interface同相界面homophase boundary 异相界面heterophase boundary 晶界grain boundary 表面能surface energy小角度晶界low angle grainboundary 大角度晶界high angle grainboundary共格孪晶界coherent twin boundary 晶界迁移grain boundarymigration错配度mismatch 驰豫relaxation重构reconstuction 表面吸附surface adsorption表面能surface energy 倾转晶界titlt grain boundary 扭转晶界twist grain boundary 倒易密度reciprocal density共格界面coherent boundary 半共格界面semi-coherentboundary非共格界面noncoherent boundary 界面能interfacial free energy应变能strain energy 晶体学取向关系crystallographic orientation惯习面habit plane材料科学基础专业词汇：第五章相图相图phase diagrams 相phase组分component 组元compoonent相律Phase rule 投影图Projection drawing 浓度三角形Concentration triangle 冷却曲线Cooling curve成分composition 自由度freedom相平衡phase equilibrium 化学势chemical potential 热力学thermodynamics 相律phase rule热力学函数thermodynamicsfunction热分析thermal analysis过冷supercooling 过冷度degree ofsupercooling杠杆定律lever rule 相界phase boundary材料科学基础专业词汇：第六章扩散活化能activation energy 扩散通量diffusion flux浓度梯度concentration gradient 菲克第一定律Fick’s first law 菲克第二定律Fick’s second law相关因子correlation factor稳态扩散steady state diffusion 非稳态扩散nonsteady-state diffusion扩散系数diffusion coefficient 跳动几率jump frequency填隙机制interstitalcy mechanism 晶界扩散grain boundary diffusion短路扩散short-circuit diffusion 上坡扩散uphill diffusion 下坡扩散Downhill diffusion 互扩散系数Mutual diffusion渗碳剂carburizing 浓度梯度concentration gradient浓度分布曲线concentration profile 扩散流量diffusion flux驱动力driving force 间隙扩散interstitial diffusion 自扩散self-diffusion 表面扩散surface diffusion空位扩散vacancy diffusion 扩散偶diffusion couple扩散方程diffusion equation 扩散机理diffusion mechanism 扩散特性diffusion property 无规行走Random walk达肯方程Dark equation 柯肯达尔效应Kirkendall equation本征热缺陷Intrinsic thermal defect 本征扩散系数Intrinsic diffusion coefficient离子电导率Ion-conductivity 空位机制Vacancy concentration材料科学基础专业词汇：第七章相变过冷supercooling 过冷度degree of supercooling 晶核nucleus 形核nucleation形核功nucleation energy 晶体长大 crystal growth均匀形核homogeneous nucleation 非均匀形核heterogeneous nucleation形核率nucleation rate 长大速率 growth rate 热力学函数thermodynamics function临界晶核critical nucleus 临界晶核半径critical nucleus radius枝晶偏析dendritic segregation 局部平衡 localized equilibrium平衡分配系数equilibriumdistributioncoefficient有效分配系数effective distribution coefficient成分过冷constitutional supercooling 引领（领先）相leading phase共晶组织eutectic structure 层状共晶体lamellar eutectic伪共晶pseudoeutectic 离异共晶 divorsed eutectic表面等轴晶区chill zone 柱状晶区 columnar zone中心等轴晶区equiaxed crystal zone 定向凝固 unidirectional solidification 急冷技术splatcooling 区域提纯 zone refining单晶提拉法Czochralski method 晶界形核 boundary nucleation位错形核dislocation nucleation 晶核长大 nuclei growth材料科学基础专业词汇：第八、九章固相反应和烧结固相反应solid state reaction 烧结sintering烧成fire 合金alloy再结晶Recrystallization 二次再结晶Secondaryrecrystallization 成核nucleation 结晶crystallization 子晶，雏晶matted crystal 耔晶取向seed orientation异质核化heterogeneousnucleation 均匀化热处理 homogenization heattreatment铁碳合金iron-carbon alloy 渗碳体cementite铁素体ferrite 奥氏体austenite共晶反应eutectic reaction 固溶处理solution heattreatment。