图解英语语法之时态

现
在
开 窍 要 诀
一般现在时 用 法 现在的 动词形态V(-s) 例 It is very hot today . He lives in Nanjing. 事实或状态 You look very hungry now. She gets up at six every morning. 现在的习惯 He always comes to class on time. 反复的动作 John writes to his parents once a month. Two and three make(s) five. 格言、事实 Where there is will, there is a way. 不变的真理 The sun rises in the east. Do you come tomorrow? 代替 He returns home next Sunday. 将来一般时 If it rains tomorrow, we will not go. When he comes, please tell him to wait. 句
时态与时间未必成一对一的关系
(A)一般现在时的动词可以表示现在、过去或将来 ，如： He lives in Beijing now . [表示现在] He sells newspapers and magazines . [表示现在、过去、将来] He leaves for Japan next week . [表示将来] (B)一般过去时的动词可以表示现在、过去或将来 ，如： If I had money now,I would buy the house. [表示现在] He bought a car last week . [表示过去] He might visit us tomorrow. [表示将来] 我们也可以用不同的时态，来表示相同的时间，如： leaves is leaving He for Japan next week . [表示将来] will leave is going to leave complains all the time. She is always complaining. [表示现在]
He worked He was working He had worked He had been working
He will work He will working He will have worked He will have been working
如何运用时态
该动词发生的时间是过去?现在?或将来? 该动词的动作到某一点时间已经完成? 或还在进行?
现在进行时 用 法
动词形态am/is/are+V-ing 例 句
现在正在 He is writing a letter at present. 进行或继续 It is raining now. 的动作、状态 John is doing his assignment right now. Look!(你瞧) Listen!(你听) 不久将发生 的动作或 预定的计划 Look ! Many birds are flying in the sky. Listen ! Someone is knocking at the door. I am going to Beijing tomorrow. He is coming (or will come) here next week.
现在完 成进行时 用 法 继 续
动词形态 have/has been+V-ing 例 句 We have been studying English for three years. He has been reading since this morning. We have been waiting for him all afternoon.
过去进行时 用 法 过去某事正 在进行的动作 在过去某一动 作发生时，另一 个动作正在进行
动词形态was/were+V-ing 例 句 I was watching TV at eight o’clock last night. It was raining at seven o’clock this morning. He was sleeping when I arrived. I was writing a letter when he came in.
I watch television every day. I watched television every day.
因时间之不同而形成之变化,即 因时间之不同而形成之变化 即 为动词之时态
时态的种类及形势
三时 四方面 一般 现在 完成 完成进行 现 在 过 去 将 来
He workers He is working He has worked He has been working
说
明
现在进行时经常和时间副词now,right now,at present at this moment连用。 Look ! 或 listen ! 皆表示某个动作正在进行，故用现在进行时。 Go, come, leave, start, return等动词若与未来时间连用时，表示“不久即将 发生的动作”，可用“现在进行时”代替“一般将来时”。 下列动词，因含有“状态的继续”的意味，通常不用于现在进行时： 用法 例 句 存在，位置 be, lie, stand, …… 所有 have, own, possess, belong to, …… 知觉 see, hear, seem, appear, smell, taste,sound, feel, …… 知识 know, understand,think, …… 情感 like, love, hate,want, hope, wish,prefer, …… 但: (1) stand/lie 作“站”或“躺”时，可用现在进行时： He is standing by the window. The dog is lying under the table. (2) have作“吃”时，可用现在进行时： I am having lunch now. (3) see作“观赏”“送行”时,可用现在进行时: They are seeing the sights of New York. He is seeing his girl friend off at the airport.
现在 完成时 用法
完成
经验
继续
动词形态 have/has+p.p. 例 句 He has just come back. I have already seen it. In recent years,there have been many changes I have read five novels this month. He has gone to Japan, he is not here. I have been to hongkong several times. this is one of the best book that I have ever read . I have lived here for ten years. she has been ill since Monday.
图解英语语法
之
时态
NicoleLi
时
现在
一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
态
过去
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时
将来
一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时
观 念 入 门
时态的意义 时态的种类及形势 如何运用时态 时态与时间未必成一对一的关系
时态的意义
说
明
表示“现在刚完成之动作”，常和下列副词连用： Just, already, yet, recently=lately=of late, so far=by now=up to now=up to the present, these + 一段时间， this week/month/year. 表示“经验”，常和下列副词连用： never, ever, once, before, twice, three times, How many times…? 表示“过去继续到现在的动作或状态”常与for,since,all day连用。 句型如下： has for +一段时间 主语 + p.p. + have since +过去时间 此用法如果强调现在仍在进行时，可用现在完成进行时，如： I have been studying English for five years. It has been raining since last night.
说
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过去进行时常与下列句型表示： was 主语 + +V-ing when +主语+过去式V were 一般时所表示的动作通常比进形式的动作， 在时间上为短；所以表示“短”的动作用 Ved ，表示“长”的动作用 was/were+V-ing I wrote a letter last night. 比较 I was writing a letter at 8 last night.
说
明
主语是第三人称单数且为陈述语气时，一般现在时的动词（除be 和have外）词尾要加“-s”或“-es”。 “真理”以及“习惯性动作”，因为所表现的观念是“永恒”以 及“经常如此”，所以不考虑时间或完成的问题，而一律用一般 现在时。 表示“习惯性的动作”常与下列副词连用： Occasionally, every , always, usually,often,sometimes , seldom ,frequently。 以一般现在时代替一般将来时的用法如下： Go,come,start,leave,arrive等动词和表示未来时间的副词连用时。 在表示时间或条件的状语从句的动词，用一般现在时代替一般将 来时，其句型是：If 主语+Will+V +主语+V(-s), When 祈使句 此类状语从句通常有下列连此引导： 表示时间：when, while, before, after, till(=untill), as soon as, by the time(=when/before) 表示条件：if,unless,in case(=if)