美丽中国第一集中英文字幕 讲解版
BBC美丽中国第六集中英文字幕解析
wild China.美丽中国（Wild China）第六集潮汐更迭Tides of Change 双语对照文本字幕从东端的长城起From the eastern end of the Great Wall,中国的海岸跨度14,500公里China's coast spans 14,500 kilometres并且拥有五千多年的历史and more than 5,000 years of history.在这个方面显示了This is the area which shows the greatest contrast中国的过去和未来之间的差距between China's past and its future.如今中国的东海岸线Today China's eastern seaboard有七亿人口is home to 700 million people,居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth.然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a wealth of wildlife.现在古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀Now, as ancient traditions mingle with new aspirations,那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗is there any room at all for wildlife on China's crowded shores?谨以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区In northern China's Zhalong Nature Reserve,一对丹顶鹤正守望着它们的产卵领土a pair of red-crowned cranes have staked out their nesting territory在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里in the stubble of a commercially managed reed bed.数百年来For centuries,cranes have been revered in China鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇as symbols of longevity.它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁Their statues were placed next to the Emperor's throne.鹤因此而受到赞扬The cranes have cause to celebrate.幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times.丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一Red-crowned cranes are one of the world's most endangered species.在过去的一个世纪Over the last century,中国失去了近一半的沿海湿地China has lost nearly half of its coastal wetlands并且大多数改造地是为了造福人类而非野生动物and most of what remains is managed for the benefit of people, not wildlife.从现在起的数个月 A few months from now,幼鹤和它的家人将面临一场往南方的大迁徙this chick and its parents will face a long migration south来躲避北方的严冬to escape the harsh northern winter.它们将沿着海岸向前Their route will take them along a coast然而这些海岸已经受到人类活动的巨大影响which has been greatly affected by human activity.在它们的征途上Along their journey,the cranes will be joined将有成千上万其他鸟类加入迁徙大军by many thousands of other migrating birds.它们迁徙的方向横跨南渤海湾All heading south across the Bohai Gulf 沿海岸的黄海和中国东海and along the shores of the Yellow and East China Seas,最远甚至抵达中国南海some even reaching as far as the South China Sea寻找一个安全的冬季避难所in search of a safe winter haven.每年候鸟迁徙已持续了数千年之久The annual bird migration has been going on for thousands of years.在中国东北海岸的锦屏山Here at Mount Jinping on China's northeast coast,存留着人类there is surprising evidence曾长期居住过的惊人遗迹that people have lived here almost as long. 七千年前Seven thousand years ago,少昊部落的成员雕刻下的神奇符号members of the Shao Hao tribe carved magical symbols描绘出他们日常生活得到的重要原理representing significant elements of their daily lives.这种岩石雕刻显示出The petroglyphs show wheat sheaves connected by lines to human figures,中国第一个有记录的耕种遗址the first known recordings of cultivation in China.因为常年目睹群鸟迁徙的奇观Familiar with the spectacle of yearly bird migrations,少昊人选择一只鸟的符号作为他们的图腾the Shao Hao people chose a symbol of a bird as their totem.锦屏山位于山东半岛附近Mount Jinping lies near the Shandong peninsula,是候鸟的一个重要越冬场所an important wintering site for migrant birds,即使在今天仍然有鸟群沿着这条海岸线前进and even today there are still communities along this coastline并且和当地的鸟群保持着密切关系who retain a special affinity with their local birdlife.烟墩礁Yandun Jiao village,位于半岛的东北岸on the north-eastern shore of the peninsula, 以其传统特色的海藻覆顶建筑闻名于世is famous for its traditional seaweed-thatched cottages.在早春料峭的清晨On a chilly morning in early spring,屈夫妇在破晓时刻出来碰运气Mr and Mrs Qu venture out at first light带着海民的传统工具——桶和小铲armed with the traditional seaside accessories of bucket and spade.当屈家人朝着港湾前进As the Qus head down into the harbour,一群被当地人 a flock of whooper swans,亲切称为“冬日天使”的大天鹅known affectionately here as "winter angels", 在海湾醒来are waking out in the bay.屈家和他们的邻居在潮落的泥浆中The Qus and their neighbours search for tube holes寻找管状的孔in the mud at low tide,那里意味着有扇贝或竹蛏深藏在泥底the sign of cockles and razor shells hidden deep below.收集贝克是颇为流行的消遣While gathering shellfish is a popular pastime,当地人以出海为主要营生the main business of Yandun Jiao happens further out at sea.当老屈站在启程船只的甲板上As the boats set out,with Mr Qu on board,天鹅并肩掠过the swans set a parallel course.整个海湾是一个巨型海藻农场The whole of the bay is a gigantic seaweed farm.人们整天忙于清理和照料海藻叶The men work all day cleaning and tending the kelp fronds海藻长在巨大浮标舰队互相连接的绳子上that are grown on ropes linked to a vast armada of buoys.天鹅只吃长在绳子表面的本地海藻The swans eat native seaweeds growing on the surface ropes而非更有价值的产物rather than the valuable crop of kelp,所以它们无损经济作物的生长so they do no harm to the commercial operation.下午当风在海上生起In the afternoon,as the wind picks up out at sea,工人和天鹅退回岸边the workers and swans return to shore.当追求与自然和谐的文化While the culture of seeking balance with nature历经远路回归中国的时候goes back a long way in China,在中国拥挤的海岸线很难看到如此和谐的人地关系it is rare to see such harmonious relationships on China's crowded coast.当夜晚降临As evening draws on,屈家人准备了扇贝the Qu family prepare their evening meal of cockles,馒头和海藻做为晚膳steamed bread and seaweed.孩子们谈话声(KIDS CHATTERING)剩菜被村里的孩子们用来喂天鹅Leftovers are given to the village children to feed the swans.这给孩子和村民带来许多乐趣It's fun for the kids and provides并未鸟儿们度过寒夜提供了能量补给an extra energy boost for the birds as they face another cold night.天鹅已经利用这个庇护港The swans have been using this sheltered bay作为冬天的过冬地at as a winter refuge for many generations.只要敬重自然的传统还在As long as the tradition of respect for nature persists,烟墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”间的this remarkable association between the Yandun Jiao community奇妙友谊就会持续下去and their winter angels looks set to continue. 在渤海湾天鹅村的最东北处Out in the Bohai Gulf,northeast of the swan village,一座小小的岩岛为迁徙的鸟儿提供了安静的歇脚地a small rocky island provides a quiet resting spot for migrating birds.但是蛇岛亦潜伏着危险But Shedao Island has hidden dangers.由于海平面上升蝮蛇已被困在这座岛上6000余年Pallas' pit vipers trapped here6,000 years ago by rising sea levels这已演化成一种险恶的生存方式have evolved a sinister lifestyle.每年有10个月For 10 months of the year岛上没有任何食物there is nothing substantial to eat on the island,因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力so the reptiles conserve their energy by barely moving at all.鸟群鸣叫(BIRDS CAWING)当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖As the sun warms their rocky home,这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛the snakes climb up into the bushes and trees.但是它们不是来这晒日光浴的But they aren't here to sunbathe.越来越多的毒蛇出现了More and more vipers appear事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地until virtually every perch where a bird might land等着鸟们上钩has been booby-trapped.“守猎”游戏开始了Then the waiting game begins.蛇隐藏得很好The serpents' camouflage is remarkable,但是蛇攻击鸟的时候but so are the birds' reactions,鸟的反应同样迅速as this high-speed shot reveals.鸟群只在岛上停留几周The birds will only stay on the island for a couple of weeks.但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了But although the snakes have been starving for months,但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径their only hope of bagging a meal is to be patient只能是潜藏起来耐心等待and sit tight.即便最微小的失误The slightest miscalculation也会导致狩猎的失败and the snake is left with a mouthful of feathers.蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味The dropped meal is tracked down mainly by smell,毒蛇用分叉的舌头the viper using its forked tongue分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物to taste the air until it is close enough to see its quarry.最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物The final challenge is to swallow a meal that's twice the size of its head.蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向It does so by dislocating its jaws and positioning its prey使鸟嘴指向后边so the beak is pointing backwards.对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂For the reptiles,this time of plenty is all too brief.再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了In a couple of weeks,the migration will be over鸟群会继续前进and the birds will have moved on.这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐This could be the snake's last meal for six months.但是并不是岛上会经历But it isn't just islands盛宴和饥馑的循环that experience cycles of feast and famine. 海也有季节变化The sea, too, has its seasons,沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化a fact well known to fishing communities along the neighbouring coasts.在初望港In Chuwang harbour,盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明the start of a new fishing season provides the excuse for a massive party.但是对于船主老赵来说But for boat owner Mr Zhao,既有庆祝又有祈祷it's a day of prayer as well as celebration.老赵希望通过祭祀海神Zhao hopes that by presenting gifts and showing respect to the sea goddess,来确保他们来年捕鱼he can help ensure a prosperous and safe year ahead顺利安全for him and his crew.同时鼓声爆竹反映了古人的信念Meanwhile, drums, firecrackers and fireworks reflect the ancient belief古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气that loud noises will frighten off dangerous sea devils and bad fortune.台子中间的那个是海龙的象征Occupying centre stage is a representation of the sea dragon,传说海龙控制着水和天气mythical ruler of water and weather.夜晚风平浪静In the calm of the evening,赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼Mr Zhao and his family light paper boat lanterns.每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神Each flickering flame carries a wish to the sea goddess,这个传统世代传递着a tradition passed on from parents to children over countless generations.在中国拥挤的海岸线上On China's crowded coasts,渔民们必须非常机敏fishermen need to be extremely resourceful. 收渔网是一项繁重的工作Hauling in the nets is hard work,目前为止还没有看到鱼and so far there's not a fish in sight.只有海蜇Only jellyfish.每年无数的海蜇Each year, millions of jellyfish被渤海湾的水流带到南方are carried south with the currents in the Bohai Gulf.这种现象的生态学原因很复杂The ecological story behind this event is complex,但决不是中国特有的but by no means unique to China.海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物Jellyfish are fast-breeding plankton feeders. 近些年来人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥In recent years, human sewage and fertilisers from intensive farming增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度have increased plankton blooms in the Gulf,提供了丰富的海蜇食物providing extra jellyfish food.由于过度捕鱼海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了While over-fishing has reduced their enemies and competitors.这种现象已经It's a phenomenon that has become increasingly widespread在全球蔓延across the world's seas.然而别的地方认为是个问题However, what is seen elsewhere as a problem,在中国却被当成机会in China is perceived as an opportunity.岸上Back on shore,四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里mule carts transport the jellyfish to nearby warehouses在那里处理后销往全国where they will be processed and sold as food all over China.四代人正在饱餐一碗海蜇片Four generations tuck into a bowl of sliced jellyfish,这道菜可以延年益寿the recipe for a long and healthy life.离开了渤海湾Leaving the Bohai Gulf behind,迁徙的鹤群migrating cranes,篦鹭和鸭子里边加入了其他鸟类spoonbills and ducks are joined by other birds,它们都飞向南方寻找安全的冬天栖息地all heading south in search of a safe winter haven.鸟群的迁徙路线顺着黄海The birds' migration route follows the coast of the Yellow Sea一路朝向江苏省down into Jiangsu Province,那里有肥沃的农业风景 a fertile agricultural landscape有中国最后存留的盐沼泽地with some of the last remaining salt marshes in China.大丰At Dafeng,一小块盐沼泽的就是一只幸存动物的家园a small salt marsh reserve is home to an animal which is lucky to be alive.中国人认为麋鹿是奇怪复杂的动物The Chinese see these Milu as a curious composite animal,有像马一样的头with a horse's head,牛一样的脚cow's feet,驴一样的尾巴 a tail like a donkey朝向后边的鹿角and backwards-facing antlers.在西方自从第一个欧洲人In the West, we know it as David's Deer,叫它麋鹿以后我们也这样叫了after the first European to describe it.在发情期During the rut,雄鹿用植物的花环来装饰自己stags decorate themselves with garlands of vegetation这些东西是用鹿角弄的collected in their antlers.激烈的战斗决定谁拥有交配权Fierce battles decide mating rights.雌鹿仍然带着去年的幼鹿The females still have last year's fawns in tow.母鹿在发情期也没有给幼鹿断奶They haven't been weaned by the time of the rut幼鹿聚在一起and band together in large crhes,只回到自己母亲那里喂食only returning to their mothers to feed.这种特殊的行为有助于帮助它们记清楚好斗的雄鹿This unique behaviour helps to keep them clear of the aggressive males.现在中国仅存2500头麋鹿了Today, there are just2,500 Milu in China, 很明显如果再多也很有限but it is remarkable that there are any at all. 在20世纪初期野外的麋鹿濒临灭绝In the early 1900s Milu became extinct in the wild,幸运的是一些良种鹿群被当作礼物送到了欧洲but luckily, some of the Imperial herd had been sent as a gift to Europe.那些在英格兰Woburn Abbey的麋鹿繁衍了下来Those at Woburn Abbey,in England, prospered.20世纪80年代40头鹿被送回了故乡And in the early 1980s, 40 of the deer were returned to their homeland它们在那里继续繁衍生息where they continue to thrive.迁徙的鹤群至今已经The migrating cranes have so far travelled 顺着海岸向南飞行了两千多公里了over 2,000 kilometres southwards along the coast.经过了大丰的麋鹿预留区Passing the Milu Deer Reserve at Dafeng, 它们接近了另一个盐沼泽地they are approaching another salt marsh那里给它们过冬提供了极好的条件which will provide the perfect conditions for them to spend the winter.盐城，中国最大的沿海湿地This is Yancheng,the largest coastal wetland in China,每年估计有三百万鸟拜访这里visited by an estimated three million birds each year.(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)刚出生七个月的幼鹤Crane chicks that were only born seven months ago完成了第一次来回旅行have now completed the first leg of a round trip它们将会每年重复这样which they will repeat every year.坚强的鹤群能应付冬天的温度The hardy cranes can cope with winter temperatures温度可能降到零度以下which may drop below freezing.但是其他迁徙的鸟类比如濒临灭绝的黑面篦鹭However, other migrating birds, like the endangered black-faced spoonbill,就没有那么耐寒are less cold-tolerant它们将要继续南飞寻找更温暖的气候and will continue even further south in search of warmer climes.(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)在这里许多迁徙的鸟群At this point,many of the migrating bird flocks勉强达到了它们南飞旅程的一半are barely halfway along their southward journey.在它们前面还有新的挑战Ahead of them lies a new challenge,中国最伟大的河——长江China's greatest river, the Yangtze,是许多种类迁徙物种的聚集地and the venue for a very different kind of migration.每年上百万吨的货物往来江面Each year, millions of tons of cargo travel up and down the river,使这里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一making this one of the busiest waterways in the world.这些是中华绒蝥蟹These are Chinese mitten crabs,因它们长毛爪子得名named for their strange hairy claws.它们可以迁移长达1500公里They may migrate as much as1,500 kilometres从支流和湖泊一直到河口from tributaries and lakes to the river mouth, 他们在那里繁殖后代where they gather to breed.中华鲟也有相似的迁徙 A similar migration is made by the giant Yangtze sturgeon,中华鲟能长到4米长半吨重which can reach four metres long and weigh half a ton.近些年来它们的数量骤减In recent years,its numbers have declined dramatically这是由于它们的迁徙被越来越多的河坝阻挡了as its migration is impeded by ever more river dams.但是不仅中华鲟有这样的境遇But it isn't just animals like the sturgeon that are in trouble,整个长江的生态系统都遭到了破坏the entire Yangtze River ecosystem is being poisoned.虽然有显耀的清理计划项目In spite of being the subject of an ambitious clean-up plan,估计长江是最大的today the river is reckoned to be the biggest 污染太平洋的单向水源single source of pollution entering the Pacific Ocean.坐落于长江入海口的Situated right at the mouth of its estuary,崇明岛为迁徙的滨鸟Chongming Island provides a vital resting and feeding spot提供了重要的休养生息的地方for migrating shorebirds,人们对长江流域的野生动物的态度不断转变and a place which offers welcome evidence这个地方也是个很好的证明of changing attitudes towards the Yangtze's beleaguered wildlife.几个世纪里这些沿岸泥滩一直吸引许多捕猎者For centuries these coastal mudflats have attracted hunters,就像金先生一样like Mr Jin,他们不断地改善捕猎技巧who have honed their trapping skills to perfection捕获稀有鸟类供上海有钱人食用to put rare birds on the tables of Shanghai's elite.40年里金先生一直用一张网For 40 years Mr Jin has used a net,简单的诱鸟和一只竹笛simple decoy birds and a bamboo whistle来诱惑经过的鸟到他的网里to lure passing birds towards his nets.(笛声)(WHISTLING)这需要耐心和高超的技巧It takes both patience and consummate skill. 但是事情并不总是这样But all is not as it seems.像其他许多最好的自然保护者一样Mr Jin, like many of the best conservationists, 金先生现在由偷猎者变为了看护者is poacher turned gamekeeper,使用他捕猎技艺来保护他原先的猎物using his hunting skills to benefit his old quarry.在东潭鸟类保护基地里The staff here at Dongtan Bird Reserve人们将给这些捕获的鸟测量带环称重will measure, ring and weigh the trapped birds然后把它们释放before releasing them unharmed.由金先生和他的同事们收集的这些信息The information gathered by Mr Jin and his colleagues帮助保护了200多个不同的鸟类helps to protect over 200 different species of birds这些鸟类每年都要来到这个岛屿which visit the island each year.在崇明岛正南端Just south of Chongming Island是中国最大的海边城市——上海lies China's largest coastal city, Shanghai.上海处于一条河流生物和鸟类迁徙的路径上Situated on a major migration route for birds as well as river life,现在它正进行一个更大的侵袭动作Shanghai is now preparing for an even bigger invasion.满载着建筑材料的驳船不停的到达这个城市的码头Barges loaded with building materials constantly arrive in the city's docks,来满足这个世界最繁忙建设之一的需要feeding one of the greatest construction booms in the world.去年全世界一半的水泥都运往中国的各个城市Last year, half the world's concrete was poured into China's cities,这些都是为了人类历史上最大规模的all in preparation for the biggest mass migration of people人口迁移做准备in the history of the world.在未来25年里预计有超过3亿中国人In the next 25 years,well over 300 million people将从中国农村迁移到城市例如上海are predicted to move from rural China into cities like Shanghai.从农村到城市的人类迁移The migration of people from country to city在全世界各地都可以看到is being mirrored around the world,and by 2010到2010年超过一半的世界人口将成为城市居住者over half of the world's population will be urban dwellers.当夜晚来临时上海就会揭示它的本色As night falls,Shanghai reveals its true colours.这是中国最快增长的金融中心China's fastest-growing financial centre 是这个巨大繁荣的中心is in the midst of a massive boom.其人口估计超过2千万With an estimated population of more than 20 million,上海无疑是中国最大Shanghai is officially China's largest也是最耀眼的城市and certainly its most dazzling city.但他的辉煌背后存在着环境代价But there is an environmental cost.上海居民使用的电力是Shanghai residents now use two and a half times more power per head郊区居民的2.5倍than their rural cousins.这个城市近乎贪得无厌的能源需求The city's seemingly insatiable energy demands得需要17个电厂来提供满足currently require the output of 17 power stations.上海往南城市灯光逐渐暗淡South of Shanghai the city lights gradually fade好象我们进入了一个古老的世界as we enter an ancient world.这是福建省This is Fujian Province,一个崎岖的地域 a rugged terrain由于花岗岩大山的护卫guarded by sheer granite mountains which have helped to forge and preserve使得一些中国最古老的遗址和传统文化得以稳固并保存some of China's most ancient sites and traditional cultures.远高出海边地带坐落着1400米高的太姥山Towering above the coast,the 1,400-metre-high Taimu Mountains是中国人熟识的“海上仙都”are known to the Chinese as "Fairyland on the Sea".潮湿的海风在寒冷的山顶凝聚Moist sea breezes condense on the cool mountaintops并与排水良好的酸性土壤结合and combine with well-drained acid soils便形成了完美的种植环境to produce the perfect growing conditions 适合喜酸性的植物——例如野杜鹃for acid-loving plants like wild azaleas.也合适生长山茶It's also home to camellias,including the most famous of all,包括最著名的茶树种植the tea plant.沿着福建沿海一带的类似种植环境Similar growing conditions all along the Fujian coast使得中国茶叶独享其尊make this the treasure chest for China's tea, 其茶产业远可源自4000多年前the heart of an industry dating back almost 4,000 years.这个地区最传统的茶树栽培文化One of the most traditional tea-growing cultures in the area当数这里的客家人沿袭的is that of the Kejia people.每天清晨山羊被放养在这些茶树梯田间Every morning, goats are let loose among the tea terraces,这是个历史悠久的传统 a centuries-old tradition.看起来好象很奇怪让这些This might seem surprising given goats' reputation山羊去吃这些绿色的植物for eating anything green,不过茶树并不像看上去那样毫无设防but tea isn't as defenceless as it looks.茶叶中存在刺激性的化学成分Tea leaves are loaded with bitter chemicals 以驱走啃食的动物designed to repel browsing animals.这对山羊很有效It works on the goats,它们只是吃光茶树外的杂草who leave the tea untouched and instead eat up the weeds,它们的粪便恰好茶树供给了养分fertilising the tea plants with their droppings.惊讶的是我们人类The surprise is that we humans却还没发现同样刺激性的化学鸡尾酒should find the same bitter chemical cocktail以便让人类根本不敢染指utterly irresistible.对客家人而言种植茶树是家族事业Among the Kejia people,tea-growing is a family business.女人们采摘男人门加工打包Women do the picking,while the men process and pack it.张女士是一名客家家族的成员Mrs Zhang belongs to a Kejia family她们家族在这片同样的茶园that has lived and worked for generations 生活劳作了数个世代among these same tea terraces.最精良的茶叶需要在温暖的阳光里快速采摘The finest tea needs to be gathered quickly in warm sunshine这样可以让茶叶保留有茶油的香味as this brings out the flavour-enhancing oils inside the leaves.这个可持续的产业使得中国最精美的地形之一This sustainable industry has protected one of China's finest landscapes和最传统文化之一得以保存下来and one of its most traditional cultures.在早上采摘之后At the end of the morning's picking,张女士把茶叶带回家以待加工Mrs Zhang returns home to drop off her tea ready for processing.这个城堡式样的建筑在过去This fort-like design has survived from a time客家人得以从与敌对的当地部落势力when the Kejia needed to protect themselves斗争中幸存下来against hostile local tribes.每个房子有3到4层Each house has three or four levels以适合50到250人居住designed to accommodate50 to 250 people. 最底层是厨房和家畜使用The ground floor houses the kitchens and animal stock同时有一条通道通向水井取水with access to a well for water.第一层房间用作储藏The first floor rooms are used for storage 第二层作为寝居and the upper floors are bedrooms.这一些很非凡的建筑已有800多年历史了Some of these remarkable buildings are 800 years old经历了地震和台风并完整的保存了下来and have survived earthquakes and typhoons.当收集一定数量茶叶时下一步加工开始了Once enough tea has been gathered in,the processing begins.把绿色茶叶变为市场销售的茶叶Turning green leaves into saleable tea最少包含8个步骤involves at least eight different stages,包括干燥捻细筛挤压和扭拧including drying, bruising,sifting, squeezing and twisting,这些都是成品打包前必须的步骤before the finished product is finally ready for packing.张女士的村庄出产“小黑龙”茶The Zhang's village produces"little black dragon",即——乌龙茶or oolong tea,其称呼源于冲泡茶叶时so called because of the way its twisted leaves unfurl那宛如蟠龙舒展的姿态when water is poured over them.茶在客家人生活中占据着重要地位Tea plays a vital part in Kejia life,既是一个收入来源也是一种迎宾之道not only as a source of income,but also as a way to welcome visitors它将人们联系在一起and bring people together.在中国人传统生活中In traditional Chinese life,即使最简单的一杯茶也被赋以复杂的仪式even the simplest cup of tea is poured with an intricate amount of ritual.在过去In the past,客家人的其他主要收入来自运送像茶叶一样的货物the Kejia people's other main income came from transporting goods like tea穿越变幻莫测的山川和河流入口across the treacherous topography of mountains and river estuaries.他们的运输路线在1059年变得轻松易行Their route was suddenly made easier when, in 1059,一切归于这座名桥的建造this remarkable bridge was built.它的桥面由重达10吨的花岗岩架设而成Made from massive10-ton slabs of granite,是中国不太知名的建筑奇葩之一it is one of China's lesser-known architectural gems.洛阳桥历经地震狂潮风采依旧Luoyang Bridge has withstood earthquakes and tempestuous tides.被称为“万安渡”的Known as "10,000 ships launching",46座桥墩the bridge's 46 piers在潮水的冲刷下已经屹立的近千年have withstood time and tide for almost a millennium.据当地传说According to folklore,桥的成功在于有远见地应用了生物工程its success is due to a far-sighted piece of bio-engineering.在桥墩上养殖牡蛎之后Oysters were seeded on the piers利用他们的凝固物可以and ever since,their concretions have helped cement将花岗岩胶合凝结起来the granite blocks together.如今惠安的女人们仍用传统的Today, oysters are still cultivated here方法在这里养殖牡蛎in the traditional way by Hui'an women.屹立在桥下的泥滩之中的岩石Stones are stood in the mudflats below the bridge可以使牡蛎附着生长to encourage the oysters to grow.如今当地人主要用洛阳桥来Luoyang Bridge is now mainly used by locals运送货物穿过河口到港口去carrying goods across the estuary towards the coastal ports.两千多年来For more than 2,000 years,中国的沿海贸易主要依靠于coastal trade in China has depended一种具有开创性卓越性能船on a remarkable and pioneering type of ship, 我们称之为舢板known to us as the junk.这艘船所用的的大众化设计This working vessel follows a general design 在福建已经使用了600多年that's been in use in Fujian for at least 600 years.船首是画上了两只大眼睛的鸟喙造型Its bows take the form of a beak,with two large painted eyes古代的航员们相信evoking the traditional seafarers' belief鸟的形象可以使海员们平安归来that the bird's image would help sailors return safely,就像每年春秋回来的候鸟一样like the migrants that return each spring and autumn.茶叶和其他货物经防水处理后储存Tea and other goods were stored in strong bulkheads,分储在防水壁中以降低洪涝带来的损失each waterproofed and separated from the next to minimise flood damage.这种保持珍贵茶叶干燥的革新措施This innovation, introduced to keep precious tea cargos dry,不仅改进了中国的船只spurred on the improvement of not only Chinese boats,还改进了西方的船只but Western ones, too.舢板上独特的索具The distinctive rigging of the junk's sails使得它在恶劣的天气下也容易操纵allows easy handling in bad weather,这在风暴肆虐的海边至关重要essential along this storm-battered coast.台风一词源于“大风”的谐音Each year from July to November,up to a dozen typhoons,每年7至11月成批的台风 a corruption of the Chinese word for "great wind",朝西北方向席卷中国而来head northwest towards China.全球像二氧化碳这样的温室气体的增加Typhoons are becoming more frequent as sea temperatures rise,使得海的温度升高aided by a global increase in greenhouse gases,台风也因此变得更加频繁such as carbon dioxide.但卫星图片却显示了一个令人惊讶的转变But satellite pictures have revealed a。
美丽中国第一集
第一集龙之心第一部分Part IThe last hidden world, China.For centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapes and surprising creatures. Chinese civilization is the world's oldest and today; it’s the largest, with well over a billion people.It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups and a wide range of traditional lifestyles, often in close partnership with nature. We know that China faces immense social and environmental problems. But there is great beauty here, too. China is home to the world's highest mountains, vast deserts ranging from searing hot to mind-numbing cold. Steaming forests harbouring rare creatures. Grassy plains beneath vast horizons. And rich tropical seas. Now for the first time ever, we can explore the whole of最后的隐世净土，中国。
数世纪来，去过中国的旅人传诵着关于这片神奇土地，以及那些神奇生物的传说。
美丽中国 - 字幕学习版 wild china cd1
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(FISHERMEN EXCLAIMING呼喊)hatch孵出vi.be reared养obedience顺从~ totally记分tiddlers小鱼儿pl.collar项圈tubular管状的contraption奇妙的装置wriggling蠕动的downhearted情绪低沉的single挑选(一个) ~ out nymphs少女pl.fetch到达vt.resilient适应力强的. Swinhoe黄嘴gourmet美食家delicacy佳肴round up聚拢vt.be reckoned认为~ adj. network网络marvel惊叹vi. ~ at pinnacles顶点pl.newt蝾螈salamander蝾螈distressed痛苦的amphibian两栖动物ancestral祖先的reptile爬行动物,hatch孵出vi. ~ outtrail踪迹.membrane薄膜chalky钙质的(CHIRPING啾啾声) alligators短吻鳄pl. (CHATTERING喋喋不休) charges管理pl.fend照料vi. ~ for granite花岗岩epitomise化身vt. resilience适应力forested森林的inhabitants居民pl. macaques猕猴pl. descendants后代pl. (SCREECHING尖叫) rough-and-tumble扭打the alpha male男一号moccasin大毒蛇ambush埋伏venomous有毒的serpents大毒蛇pl.be spotted认出viper毒蛇high-yield产量很高的reap收割vt.be snapped up争购gangs帮pl. ~ of youngsters年轻人have fledged长羽毛vi. persist持续vi.plump and ripe丰满的uppermost最高的fish to fry另有要事be drained排水vt.be revealed揭露vt. carp鲤鱼smokehouse熏制室scales鳞pl.distinctly无疑地tundra苔原/冻土refuge庇护所exploitation剥削brink(悬崖/河流)边缘(SQUAWKING叫鸣)NARRATOR: The last hidden world,China.For centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapesand surprising creatures.Chinese civilisation is the world's oldestand today, its largest,with well over a billion people.It's home to more than 50 distinct不同的ethnic种族的groupsand a wide range of traditional lifestyles,often in close partnership with nature.We know that China faces immense广大的social and environmental problems. But there is great beauty here, too.China is home to the world's highest mountains,vast deserts ranging from searing灼热的hotto mind-numbing乏味/厌烦的cold.Steaming冒蒸汽的forests harbouring rare稀有的creatures.Grassy多草的plains beneath vast horizons.And rich tropical seas.Now for the first time ever,we can explore the whole of this great country,meet some of the surprising and exotic外(国)来的/奇异的creatures that live here and consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of Chinato the remarkable引人注目的landscape in which they live.This is <Wild China>.Our exploration of China begins in the warm, subtropical亚热带的south.On the Li River, fishermen and birds perch暂栖on bamboo rafts木排/筏；a partnership that goes back more than a thousand years.This scenery风景/布景is known throughout遍及the world,a recurring再发的motif(作品)主题in Chinese paintings.And a major tourist attraction.The south of China is a vast广阔的area,eight times larger than the UK.It's a landscape of hills but also of water.(THUNDER RUMBLING(发)隆隆声)It rains here for up to 250 days a year,and standing water is everywhere.(THUNDER RUMBLING)In the floodplain河滩of the Yangtze River,black-tailed godwits黑尾鹬yùprobe探索the mud in search of worms.But isn't just wildlife that thrives兴旺in this environment.The swampy沼泽/泥泞的ground provides ideal conditionsfor a remarkable member of the grass family.Rice.The Chinese have been cultivating栽培rice for at least 8,000 years.It has transformed the landscape.Late winter in southern Yunnan is a busy time for local farmersas they prepare the age-old paddy稻田fields ready for the coming spring. These hill slopes斜坡of the Yuanyang County plunge猛冲nearly 2,000 metres to the floor of the Red River valley.Each contains literally简直thousands of stacked成堆的terraces地坪/梯田carved out by hand using basic digging tools.Yunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China.Still ploughed犁, as they always have been,by domesticated驯化的water buffaloes,whose ancestors originated in these very valleys.This man-made landscapeis one of the most amazing engineering feats功绩of pre-industrial China.It seems as if every square平方inch of landhas been pressed into cultivation耕作.As evening approaches, an age-old ritual(宗教等的)仪式unfolds展开.It's the mating交配seasonand male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of the females.But it doesn't always pay to draw too much attention to yourself.The Chinese pond heron苍鹭is a pitiless predator食肉动物. (SQUAWKS)Even in the middle of a ploughed paddy field,nature is red in beak鸟喙and claw爪.This may look like a slaughter屠杀but as each heron can swallow only one frog at a time,the vast majority will escape to croak蛙鸣another day.Terraced paddies like those of the Yuanyang Countyare found across much of southern China.This whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivation.In hilly多小山的Guizhou Province,the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice culture.With every inch of fertile肥沃的land given over to rice cultivation,the Miao build their wooden houseson the steepest and least productive hillsides山腰.In Chinese rural农村的life, everything has a use.Dried in the sun, manure肥料from the cow sheds棚will be used as cooking fuel.(WOMEN CHATTERING IN CHINESE)It's midday正午, and the Song familyare tucking into大吃a lunch of rice and vegetables.(SPEAKING IN CHINESE)Oblivious to the domestic家庭的chit-chat闲聊,Granddad Gu Yong Xiu has serious matters on his mind.Spring is the start of the rice growing season.The success of the crop作物will determine how well the family will eat next year, so planting at the right time is critical决定性的.The ideal date日期depends on what the weather will do this year,never easy to predict.But there is some surprising help at hand.On the ceiling of the Songs' living room, a pair of red-rumped尾的swallows, newly arrived from their winter migration,is busy fixing up last year's nest.In China, animals are valued as much for their symbolic meaningas for any good they may do.Miao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithful for life,so their presence is a favour恩惠and a blessing,bringing happiness to a marriage and good luck to a home.Like most Miao dwellings民居, the Songs' living room windowslook out over the paddy fields.From early spring, one of these windows is always left opento let the swallows come and go freely.Each year, granddad Gu notes注意/记录the exact day the swallows return.Miao people believe the birds' arrival predicts the timing时间安排of the season ahead.This year, they were late.So Gu and the other community elders have agreedthat rice planting should be delayed accordingly.As the Miao prepare their fields for planting,the swallows collect mud to repair their nestsand chase after insects across the newly ploughed paddies.Finally, after weeks of preparation,the ordained命令time for planting has arrived.But first the seedlings幼苗must be uprooted连根拔起from the nursery保育beds and bundled捆up ready to be transported to their new paddyhigher up the hillside.All the Songs' neighbours have turned out to help with the transplanting移栽.It's how the community has always worked.When the time comes, the Songs will return the favour.While the farmers are busy in the fields,the swallows fly back and forth with material for their nest.Many hands make light work.Planting the new paddy takes little more than an hour.Job done, the villagers can relax,at least until tomorrow.But for the nesting swallows, the work of raising a familyhas only just begun.In the newly planted fields, little egrets白鹭hunt for food.The rice paddies harbour tadpoles蝌蚪, fish and insectsand the egrets have chicks小鸟to feed.This colony(动/植物的)群体in Chongqing Province was established in 1996, when a few dozen birds built nests in the bamboo grove丛behind Yang Guang village.Believing they were a sign迹象of luck,local people initially protected the egrets and the colony grew.But their attitude changed when the head of the village fell ill.They blamed the birds and were all set to决心destroy their nests,when the local government stepped in干预to protect them.Bendy易弯的bamboo may not be the safest nesting place,but at least this youngster won't end up as someone's dinner.These chicks have just had an eel鳝鱼delivered by their mum,quite a challenge for little beaks.(CHIRPING鸣叫)Providing假如their colonies are protected,wading涉水birds like egrets are among the few wild creatureswhich benefit directly from intensive rice cultivation.Growing rice needs lots of water.But even in the rainy south,there are landscapes where water is surprisingly scarce.This vast area of southwest China,the size of France and Spain combined,is famous for its clusters群of conical圆锥体的hills,like giant upturned翻过来的egg cartons纸板盒, separated by dry empty valleys. This is the karst喀斯特, a limestone石灰石terrain地形which has become the defining image of southern China.Karst landscapes are often studded钉扣with rocky outcrops(岩石）露头, forcing local farmers to cultivate tiny fields.The people who live here are among the poorest in China.In neighbouring Yunnan Province,limestone rocks have taken over entirely.This is the famous Stone Forest,the product of countless years of erosion腐蚀,producing a maze迷宫of deep gullies小峡谷and sharp-edged pinnacles顶点. Limestone has the strange property性能that it dissolves in rainwater.Over many thousands of years water has corroded腐蚀its waydeep into the heart of the bedrock岩床/底itself.This natural wonder is a famous tourist spot,receiving close to two million visitors each year.The Chinese are fond of curiously-shaped rocksand many have been given fanciful想象的names.No prizes奖赏for guessing what this one is called!But there's more to this landscape than meets the eye.China has literally thousands of mysterious caverns洞穴concealed隐藏beneath the visible landscape of the karst.Much of this hidden world has never been seen by human eyesand is only just now being explored.(MAN SPEAKING CHINESE)For a growing band of intrepid勇敢的young Chinese explorers,caves represent the ultimate adventure.Exploring a cave is like taking a journey through time.A journey which endless raindrops will have followed over countless centuries. Fed by countless drips滴and trickles细流,the subterranean地下的river carves ever deeper into the rock.The cave river's course路线is channelled by the beds of limestone.A weakness in the rock can allow the riverto increase its gradient坡度and flow-rate,providing a real challenge for the cave explorers.The downward rush is halted when the water table is reached.Here the slow-flowing river carves tunnels地道with a more rounded profile轮廓. (MEN CHATTERING)This tranquil平静的world is home to specialised cave fishes,like the eyeless golden barb鱼钩.China may have more unique kinds of cave-evolved进化fishesthan anywhere else on earth.Above the water table,ancient caverns abandoned by the river slowly fill upwith stalactites钟乳石and stalagmites石笋.Stalactites form as trickling water deposits沉淀tiny quantities of rockover hundreds or thousands of years.Stalagmites grow up where lime-laden drips hit the cave floor.Oi!Whoo-hoo!So far, only a fraction片断of China's caves have been thoroughly prospected勘探and cavers are constantly discovering new subterranean marvels惊叹,many of which are subsequently接着developed into commercial show caves. Finally escaping the darkness,the cave river and its human explorers emerge in a valleyfar from where their journey began.For now, the adventure is over.Rivers which issue流出from cavesare the key to survival in the karst country.This vertical垂直的gorge峡谷in Guizhou Provinceis a focal焦点的point for the region's wildlife.This is one of the world's rarest primates,Frangois' langur长尾猴.In China they survive in just two southern provinces,Guizhou and Guangxi, always in rugged崎岖的limestone terrains.Like most monkeys, they are social creaturesand spend a great deal of time grooming梳理each other.Langurs are essentially本质上vegetarianwith a diet of buds叶芽, fruits and tender young leaves.Babies are born with ginger姜黄色的fur柔毛,which gradually turns black from the tail end.Young infants have a vice老虎钳-like grip, used to cling on to mum for dear life. As they get older, they get bolder and take more risks.Those that survive spend a lot of time travelling.The experienced adults know exactly where to find seasonal foodsin different parts of their range.In such steep terrain, travel involves a high level of climbing skill.These monkeys are spectacularly good rock climbersfrom the time they learn to walk.In langur society, females rule the roost栖息and take the lead when the family is on the move.One section of cliff悬崖oozes渗出a trickle of mineral-rich waterwhich the monkeys seem to find irresistible无法抗拒的.These days there are few predators in the Mayanghe Reserve自然保护区which might pose a risk to a baby monkey.But in past centuries, this area of south Chinawas home to leopards豹, pythons蟒蛇and even tigers.To survive dangerous night prowlers徘徊者, the langurs went underground, using their rock-climbing skills to seek shelter in inaccessible达不到的caverns. Filmed in near darkness using a night vision camera,the troop群clambers along familiar ledges岩架worn smooth by generations before them.During cold winter weather, the monkeys venture冒险deeper underground where the air stays comparatively相对地warm.At last, journey's end.A cosy niche壁龛beyond the reach of even the most enterprising有进取心的predator.But it's not just monkeys that find shelter in caves.These children are off to school.In rural China that may mean a long trek长途跋涉each morning,passing through a cave or two on the way.But not all pupils have to walk to school.These children are boarders寄宿者.(LAUGHING)As the day pupils near journey's end,the boarders are still making breakfast.In the schoolyard, someone seems to have switched开/关the lights off.But this is no ordinary playground, and no ordinary school.It's housed inside a cave!A natural vault穴of rock keeps out the rainso there's no need for a roof on the classroom.Zhongdong cave school is made up of six classes,with a total of 200 children.As well as the school, the cave houses 18 families,together with their livestock家畜.(COW MOOING哞哞叫)These could be the only cave-dwelling cows on earth.(PIG SQUEALS长而尖地叫)With schoolwork over, it's playtime at last.In southern China, caves aren't just used for shelter,they can be a source of revenue收入for the community.People have been visiting this cave for generations.The cave floor is covered in guano（海）鸟粪,so plentiful that 10 minutes' work can fill these farmer's baskets.It's used as a valuable source of fertilizer肥料.A clue to the source of the guano can be heard above the noise of the river.The sound originates high up in the roof of the cave.The entrance is full of swifts雨燕.They're very sociable birds.More than 200,000 of them share this cavein southern Guizhou Province, the biggest swift colony in China.These days, Chinese house swifts mostly nest in the roofs of buildings,but rock crevices裂缝like these were their original home,long before houses were invented.Though the swifts depend on the cave for shelter,they never stray走失further than the limits of daylight,as their eyes can't see in the dark.However, deep inside the cavern,other creatures are better equipped for subterranean life.A colony of bats is just waking up,using ultrasonic超声波的squeaks to orientate定位themselves in the darkness. Night is the time to go hunting.Rickett's mouse-eared bat is the only bat in Asiawhich specialises in catching fishes,tracking them down from the sound reflection of ripples涟漪on the water surface.This extraordinary behaviourwas only discovered in the last couple of years,and has never been filmed before.If catching fish in the dark is impressive,imagine eating a slippery minnow鲦鱼with no hands while hanging upside down. Dawn over the karst hills of Guilin.These remarkable hills owe their peculiar shapesto the mildly acid waters of the Li River,whose meandering蜿蜒而行course over eons千万年of timehas corroded away their bases until only the rocky cores remain.The Li is one of the cleanest rivers in China,a favourite spot for fishermen with their trained cormorants鸬鹚.(SPEAKING IN CHINESE)The men, all called Huang, come from the same village.Now in their 70s and 80s, they've been fishermen all their lives.Before they release the birds, they tie a noose绳套loosely松散地around the neck to stop them swallowing any fish they may catch.(SPLASHING溅泼)Chanting反复有节奏的喊叫and dancing,the Huangs encourage their birds to take the plunge.Underwater, the cormorant's hunting instinct本能kicks in生效,turning them into fish-seeking missiles导弹.(CHANTING)Working together, a good cormorant teamcan catch a couple of dozen decent-sized fish in a morning.(FISHERMEN EXCLAIMING呼喊)The birds return to the raft with their fishbecause they've been trained to do so.From the time it first hatched孵出, each of these cormorants has been reared养to a life of obedience顺从to its master.The birds are, in effect, slaves.But they're not stupid.It's said that cormorants can keep a tally记分of the fish they catch,at least up to seven.So unless they get a reward now and then they simply withdraw their labour.The fishermen, of course, keep the best fish for themselves.The cormorants get the leftover tiddlers小鱼儿.With its collar项圈removed, the bird at last can swallow its prize.Best of all, one it isn't meant to have!(FISHERMAN SHOUTING)These days, competition from modern fishing techniquesmeans the Huangs can't make a livingfrom traditional cormorant fishing alone.And this 1,300-year-old traditionis now practised mostly to entertain tourists.But on Caohai Lake in nearby Guizhou Province,an even more unusual fishing industry is alive and well.Geng Zhong Sheng is on his way to set out his nets for the night.Geng's net is a strange tubular管状的contraption奇妙的装置with a closed-off end. More than a hundred fishermen make their living from the lake.Its mineral-rich waters are highly productive,and there are nets everywhere.The next morning, Geng returns with his son to collect his catch.(SPEAKING CHINESE)At first sight, it looks disappointing.Tiny fishes, lots of shrimps, and some wriggling蠕动bugs.Geng doesn't seem too downhearted情绪低沉的.The larger fish are kept alive,the only way they'll stay fresh in the heat.Surprisingly, some of the bugs are also singled挑选(一个) out for special treatment. They're the young stage of dragonflies,predators that feed on worms and tadpoles.Nowhere else in the world are dragonfly nymphs少女harvested like this.Back home, Geng spreads his catch on the roof to dry.This being China, nothing edible will be wasted.There's a saying in the far south,"We will eat anything with legs except a table,"and anything with wings except a plane."Within a few hours, the dried insects are ready to be bagged upand taken to market.It's the dragonfly nymphs that fetch到达the best price.Fortunately, Caohai's dragonflies are abundant and fast-breeding.So Geng and his fellow fishermenhave so far had little impact on their numbers.But not all wildlife is so resilient适应力强的.(MONKS CHANTING)This Buddhist temple near Shanghai has an extraordinary story attached to it. In May 2007, a <Wild China> camera teamfilmed this peculiar Swinhoe黄嘴's turtle in the temple's fish pond. According to the monks, the turtle had been given to the templeduring the Ming dynasty, over 400 years ago.It was thought to be the oldest animal on earth.Soft-shelled turtles are considered a gourmet美食家delicacy佳肴by many Chinese,and when it was filmed,this was one of just three Swinhoe's turtles left alive in China,the rest of its kind having been rounded up聚拢and eaten.Sadly, just a few weeks after filming,this ancient creature died.The remaining individuals of its species are currently kept in separate zoos and Swinhoe's turtle is now reckoned认为extinct in the wild.In fact, most of the 25 types of freshwater turtles in Chinaare now vanishingly rare.The answer to extinction is protection.And there is now a growing network网络of nature reservesthroughout southern China.Of these, the Tianzi Mountain Reserve at Zhangjiajie is perhapsthe most visited by Chinese nature lovers,who come to marvel惊叹at the gravity-defying landscapeof soaring sandstone pinnacles顶点.Winding between Zhangjiajie's peaks, crystal clear mountain streamsare home to what is perhaps China's strangest creature.This bizarre animal is a type of newt蝾螈,the Chinese giant salamander蝾螈.In China it is known as the baby fishbecause when distressed痛苦it makes a sound like a crying infant.It grows up to a metre and a half long,making it the world's largest amphibian两栖动物.Under natural conditions, a giant salamander may live for decades.But like so many Chinese animals, it is considered delicious to eat.Despite being classed as a protected species,giant salamanders are still illegally sold for foodand the baby fish is now rare and endangered in the wild.Fortunately, in a few areas like Zhangjiajie,giant salamanders still survive under strict official protection.The rivers of Zhangjiajie flow north east into the Yangtze floodplain,known as The Land of Fish and Rice.On an island in a lake in Anhui Province,a dragon is stirring.This is the ancestral祖先的home of China's largest and rarest reptile爬行动物, a creature of mystery and legend.Dragon eggs are greatly prized.These babies need to hatch孵出out quick!It would seem someone is on their trail踪迹.For a helpless baby reptile,imprisoned in a leathery membrane薄膜inside a chalky钙质的shell,the process of hatching is a titanic struggle.And time is running out.(CHIRPING啾啾声)It's taken two hoursfor the little dragon to get its head out of the egg.It needs to gather its strength now,for one final, massive push.Free at last,the baby Chinese alligators短吻鳄instinctively head upwardstowards the surface of the nest and the waiting outside world. (CHATTERING喋喋不休)But the visitors are not what they seem.(BOTH SPEAKING CHINESE)She Shizhen and her son live nearby.She has been caring for her local alligators for over 20 years,so she had a fair idea when the eggs were likely to hatch.Back home, she's built a pond surrounded by netting to keep out predators, where her charges管理will spend the next six monthsuntil they're big enough to fend照料for themselves.For the past 20 years,small-scale conservation projects like thisare all that have kept China's 150 wild alligators from extinction.Just south of the alligator country,dawn breaks over a very different landscape.The 1,800-metre-high granite花岗岩peaks of the Huangshan or Yellow Mountain. To the Chinese, Huangshan's pines epitomise化身the strength and resilience适应力of nature.Some of these trees are thought to be over 1,000 years old.Below the granite peaks,steep forested森林的valleys shelter surprising inhabitants居民.Huangshan macaques猕猴, rare descendants后代of the Tibetan macaques of western China,are unique to these mountain valleyswhere they enjoy strict official protection.(SCREECHING尖叫)After a morning spent in the treetops,the troop is heading for the shade of the valley.A chance for the grown-ups to escape the heatand maybe pick up a lunch snack from the stream.As in most monkey societies,social contact involves a lot of grooming.Grooming is all very well for grown-ups,but young macaques have energy to burn.(SCREECHING)Like so much monkey business,what starts off as a bit of playful rough-and-tumble扭打,soon begins to get out of hand.The alpha male男一号has seen it all before.He's not in the least bothered.But someone, or something, is watching,with a less than friendly interest.The Chinese moccasin大毒蛇is an ambush埋伏predator with a deadly bite. This is one of China's largest and most feared venomous有毒的snakes.But the monkeys have lived alongside these dangerous serpents大毒蛇for thousands of years.(MONKEYS SCREECHING)They use this specific alarm call to warn each otherwhenever a snake is spotted认出.Once its cover is blown, the viper毒蛇poses no threat to the monkeys,now safe in the treetops.And life soon returns to normal.By late summer, the rice fields of southern China have turned to gold.The time has come to bring in the harvest.Nowadays, modern high-yield产量很高的strainsare grown throughout much of the rice lands,boosted by chemical fertilizers and reaped收割by combine harvesters.。
BBC美丽中国英文字幕word第四集
BBC美丽中国英文字幕word第四集The Great Wall of China was built by the Han Chinese to keep out the nomadic tribes from the north They called these people barbarians and their lands were considered barrenand uninhabitableNorthern China is indeed a harsh placeof terrible wintersferocious summersharsh desertsBut it is far from lifelessWith colorful placessurprising creaturesamazing peopleand strange landscapesThe further we travel, the more extreme it becomes So how do people and wildlife copewith hardships and challenges of life beyond the Wall For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland The northern limits of ancient Chinawere defined by the Great Wallwhich meanders for nearly km from east to west The settled Han people of the Chinese heartland were invaded many times by warlike tribes from the northThe Great Wall was built to protect the Han Chinese from invasion To meet those fearsome northernersand the wild creatures who share their world we must leave the shelter of the Walland travel into the unknownNortheast China was known historically as Manchuria Its upper reaches are on the same latitude as Paris but in winter, it is one of the coldestmost hostile places on the planetBitter winds from Siberiaregularly bring temperatures of ? belowDense forests of evergreen trees cover these lands and a rugged terrain is made even more difficult by impenetrable ravines We start our journey on a frozen riversnaking between China's northeastern most corner and SiberiaThe Chinese call itthe "Black Dragon River"The people who live herearen't exactly fearsome warriorsThey are too busy coping with the harsh winter conditionsand they respond to the challengein some creative waysThe Black Dragon river is home toone of the smallest ethnic groups in China the Hezhe peopleIt's not just bicyclesthat seem out of place in this icy world Fishing boats and nets lie abandoned a long way from open waterUnderneather a meter of solid iceswim a huge variety of fishincluding -pound sturgeonenough to feed a family of Hezhe for weeks But how can they catch their quarries First they must chisel a hole through the ice to reach the water belowThen they need to set their fishing net under the icea real challengeA second hole is mademeters away from the firstand a weighted string is dropped in Then a long bamboo pole is used to hook the string and pull the net into position beneath the ice After a few daysthe nets are checkedThese days,almost nobody catches a rare giant sturgeon The Black Dragon river has been overfished like so many othersBut even these smaller fishare a welcome catchFrozen with in secondsthe fish are guaranteed to stay fresh for the wobbly cycle right homeThe forests that lie south of the Black Dragon riverare bound up in snow for more than half the year It's deathly silent Most of the animals here are either hibernatingor have migrated south for the winterBut there is an exceptionWild boars roam the forests of the northeast Like the Hezhe people the boars find it difficult to gather food in winter Staying close together may help them to keep warm in the extreme coldBut there is another reason for group living more ears to listen out for dangerSiberian tigers also live in these forests But these daysonly in captivityThere may be less than a dozenwild Siberian tigers left in Chinathough there are many more in breeding centers This enclosure of Hengdaohezistarted breeding tigers into supply bones and body partsfor the Chinese medicine marketTrade in tiger parts was banned in China in the s and the breeding centeris now just a tourist attractionThe forests of northeast stretch to where the chinese, Russian and Mongolian bordersmeetHere, a surprising herd of animals is on the move The reindeer were introduced to china hundreds of years ago by the nomadic Ewenki people who came here from SiberiaIt's late Apriland the women are calling int heir reindeer which are semi-wild and have spent all winter away in the forest. This a very special relationshipEach reindeer has its own nameand many were hand-reared by these women finally reunited after months apartThey will now remain together until autumn The Owenke women are anxious to check the condition of their animalsand to see which of the reindeer might be pregnant -year old, Malia Suelis one of only Owenke people still living their nomadic lifein these cold northern lands.Almost all her fellow Owenkehave given up the forest life.to settle in concrete houses in modern cities . The reindeer herders are now almost as rare as wild Siberian tigers There is about to be a new addition to the family. The women act as midwives to the new borncalves helping to nurture them through their first precious minutes of life.But the world around them is changing fast.This could be the last generation this ancient partnership will endure.This is hardly the image of the dangerous tribal people that theGreat Wall was built to keep at bay. Along China's border with North Koreais this region's most famous moutainChangbaishanIts name means ever whiteand it harvest the world's higheat volcanic lake Even in mid Maythere is still ice everywhere but there are signs that the seasons are changing Warmer winds arrive from the southand within a few short weeksChangbai Mountain is transformed.Water begins to flow down the mountainside once more replenishingthe landscape.It's Juneand insects emerge to take advantage of the abundance of flowers.The warm weather sees the arrival of migrant birds Stonechats that have spent the winter in the south of China return here to raise their chicks With so many insects aroundthe stonechats may have several broodsHeading west from Changbai Mountainthe forests give way to rolling grasslandsThe Great Wall stretches off into the distance defining the southern limits of the vast Mongolian steppe North of the Wall are huge areas of grassland but one place on our journey is particularly significant In the tall grassa family of red foxes is raising its cubsToday, they have this meadow pretty much to themselves But it wasn't always the caseEight centuries agothis palce would've been teeming with peopleNow these ruins in a field the short distance from Beijing are all that remains of the great city of Xanadu once the summer capital of ChinaWithin these wallsit is said that the leader of the Mongolians the mighty Kubla Khan welcomed Marco Polo to China Mongolian warriors established the greatest empire in history stretching to the borders of EuropeFeared of this worrior tribe is the main reason the Han Chinesebuilt the Great WallThe cornerstone of the Mongolian supremacywas their relationship with horsesThis is what brought them such success in war The Mongolian riders travelled at nightand rode with spare horsesso they could move huge distances strike and then retreat quicker than their opponentsAt the heart of the Mongolian culture is horse racing The annual Nadam Festival held each Julyis a chance for young Mongolians to show off their horsemanship It's said that Mongolian people are born in the saddle Even as children, they are consummate ridersHorsemanship was the core of the Mongolian success as warriores in the pastand is central to their lives as nomads today In a area of grassland know as Bayanbulakfamilies of nomadic Mongolians are gathering The name, Bayanbulak, means rich headwaters and they come here to set up temporary homes to graze their lifetock on the lush summer pastures The search for fresh fodder for their animals keeps them on the goand being able to move home so easilywith a real-life vantageIt takes only a few minuts for the Monolian family to set up their yurts .But Mongolians don't have this place all to themselves. The rich resources also attracked a huge variety of birds, Demoiselle Cranes wading birds and waterfowlmigrate here from all over Asiadrawn to rivers and wetlandsfed by glacial melt water from nearby mountains This place is known in Chinaas Swan LakeIt's the world's most important breeding site for whooperswans and arguably mosquitos as well.The pastures at Swan Lake provide endless amount of lush grassfor birds to nest inand for lifestock to eatIt would seem that's plenty for everybodybut occasionally they can't get too close for comfortyears agothe Mongolians were the most feared people on Earth but they have a spiritual side as wellThe birds of Swan Lakehave little cause to worryThe Mongolians protect the swans,and venerate them,calling them birds of GodThe Great Wall's journey through northern China continues westward by setting a landscape that becomes increasingly parched Our journey has brought us halfway across northern China and the grasslands are becoming hotdryand desolateWandering these wastes are creatures that look more African than AsianThese are Goitred Gazellesskittishand easily startledWhen threatened by danger,they are as fast as a race horseBut in this intense heatthey favor a gentler paceThere is little standing water herebut the gazelles have remarkable abilityto extract moisture from dry grassalthough finding enough worth eatingkeeps them constantly on the moveEven out here, in the semi-desertsthe wall continues its long marchHere it's made of a little more than compacted earth But with hardly any rain fallingit suffered very little erosion over the centuries Hundreds of thousands of people lost their lives building it Yet it seems hard to believethat anyone felt that these distant wastelands needed protecting But the Wall still has one final surpriseThis is Jiayuguanthe mighty fortress in the desertBuilt in the Ming dynasty over years ago legend says that the construction of the fortress was so meticulousily planned that , bricks were specially madeand only one brick was left unusedThis fortress marks the end of the Great Wall of China the greatest man-made barrier on EarthBut ahead, lies an even more formidable barrier a vast no man's land of deserts that stretch westward to the borders of central Asia Jiayuguan fortress was consideredto be the last outpost of Chinese civilization Beyond this point, lays utter desolation China's largest desert, the Taklamakan lies out here Its name has been translated asyou go in, and you never come outThis is a place of intense heatabrasive wind blown sandTotally hostile to lifeYet, there was a route through the desert for those brave enough to risk their lives for it People were lured into the horrors of the deserts because the Chinese had a secret so powerfulthat it changed the course of historyThe key to that secret lies in the distant past Legend has itat around years agoa princess was walking in her gardena princess was walking in her gardenwhen something unusual fell into her teacup A magical thread was extractedand it became more prized than gold or jade The thread, was silk Incredibly, such a beautiful substance and all the history behind it come from a humble little insectthe silkwormSilk moths lay several hundred eggsand the tiny caterpillars that emergeeat nothing but mulberry leavesAfter days of gluttonythey've grown thousand times heavierBut this stagepercent of their body mass is made up of silk glands In the process of turning into adult mothsthey spin a cocoon from a single strand of silk which can be over a thousand meters longIt was the legendary strength and brightness of silk fibers that made it so sought-afterFor over years,people built great fortunes and mighty kingdoms on these delicate threads.And the desert routes those antient traders took became the fabled Silk RoadThe principle of extracting raw silk hasn't changed since it's discoveredHarvested cocoons are droped into boiling water which unravels the long filamentsThese are then gathered and spun into raw silk thread Here at Hotan, on the ancient Silk Roadsilk weaving is still a cottage industrydumbly old-fashioned way on wooden loomsFor the ancient Silk Road tradersthe problem was still how to get the valuable silk from the fortress at Jiayuguanthrough the deserts to markets of central Asia and beyond Those early travellers heading west on the Silk Road were setting off on the worst voyage imaginable through some of the most terrible places on Earth Starting with the world's tallest sand dunesstrong winds whipping in from the westload the sand into ever higher dunesOver millenniamega-dunes build upwalls of sands soaring to over m tallcamels are the only beasts of burden that tackle these monstrous dunesTheir feet are wide and splay outwards to stop them sinking in loose sandThe wind that whips the sand into duneshas created other bizarre shapes in China's western deserts Mysterious giant structuresknown as yardangswere sculpted by flying sandThe wind brought other hazards to travellers in these deserts Marco Polo wrotesometimes the stray travelers will hear the tramp and hum of a great cavalcade of people away from the real line of marchand taking this to be their own companythey will follow the soundAnd when day breaksthey find that a cheat has been put on them and that they are in an ill plightTo this dayno one knows what causes the sands in some parts of the desert to sinkNo wonder travellers call this placefury of Godand sea of deathBut the most severe problem was lack of water The reason this place is so intensely drycan best be appreciated from a satellite view China's deserts arethe farthest place on Earth from any ocean This lack of water is what created the Taklamakan an area the size of Germany covered in sand dunes through which the Silk Road traversedThis is the world's largest shifting sand desert Most living would die herebut the camel is uniquely equipped for desert survival Its nose humidifies the dry desert air as it breathe in then dehumidifies it in the way outconserving precious waterThe camel's thick fur keeps it warm at night while reflectingsunlight by dayAnd its body temperature can rise by degree Celsius before it even begins to sweatWith these adaptationsthey can go for days without drinkingFor the camel trainstravel through the desertis about moving between one life-saving oasis and the next When they finally do reach a drinking hole camels can drink up to liters of water in ten minutes Without oasislife in the Taklamakancouldn't existand travel would be impossibleBut nothing is permanent in the desertThe shifting sands on the extreme climate mean that these precious water sources can disappear This is exactly what happened in the Aydingkol Lake The lake bed is the second lowest place on Earth at meters below sea levelIt's the hottest place in Chinawith air temperatures recorded as high as degree Celsius and ground temperatures up to degreesYet not far from Aydingkol is a surprisea thriving human settlement in the desertThis is Turpan OasisAnd it's famous in China for an unexpected product grapesBut how on Earth can a water-hungry crop grow in such abundance in a desert？The secret lies below groundA subterranean network of canals known as karez is used to channel water around Turpan streetsand into raving yardsBut where does the water come from?The clue lies on the desert floorin these lines of holes which mark the course of the subterranean water waysOver millennia agolocal people carved more than km ofthese canals beneath the desertdiverting water from the distant mountainsChanneling the flow undergroundmeans that less water is lost to evaporation in the desert heat In Augustthe grapes are harvestedThis rich bounty has not go unnoticedIn the lush vineyards of Turpan one animal misses thriving Red-tailed gerbils are hardy desert creaturesBut those in Turpan have never had it so goodOnce the grapes have been pickedsome are sold in the marketbut most are hung up to dry in the special drying houses This place is far too tempting for any rodent to resist Red-tailed gerbils are excellent climbersBut why botherwhen there is plenty of bounty lying around on the ground unguarded Rather than suffering the extreme environment in which they live The wild life and people of Turbanhave found innovative ways to cope with conditions beyond the Wall But not all desert communities world as resourceful as Turpan Between here and China's western borderslie the ruins of many great citiesIn their day they were vibrant thriving palcesBut in the fifth centurythe Silk Road fortunes took a turn for the worse Once again, a princess was involvedShe smuggled silkworm eggs out of chinaThe secret of silk was a secret no moreAnd China's stranglehold on this lucrative trade was over Even when Marco Polo passed along the Silk Road in the th century many of these cities had been deadfor over yearsBut the Silk Road's most famous city managed to survive Where the desert ends beneath vast mountain ranges China's westernmost point is only a stone's throw from the borders of five centralAsian countriesThis is Kashgar where east meets westThe silk that travelled along the Silk Road ended up here where it is still tradedtodayKashgar is famous for selling everything under the sun The local Sunday marketis one of Asia's largest and most exuberant gatherings But looking around the marketit's hard to believe you are actually in China Kashgar is a melting pot of non-Chinese ethnic people Uyghurs, Tajiks, Kirghiz, Uzbeks and many others Here, our journey heads northwardsinto one of China's wildest placesLeaving Kashgar and the Silk Road behindwe travel into the Tianshanor heavenly mountains.This great mountain range defines the border between China's most northwestern provinceand neighboring Tajikistan and KyrgyzstanIts majestic peaks are nearly as high as the Himalayas Forming a natural great wallFor much of the year it's bound up in iceBut the glacial melt water allows evergreen forests to grow a far cry from the desert south of hereThese mountains are the gatewayto some of China's most surprising people and places In the upland valleysa family of Kazakhs has been grazing their livestock all summer on the lush <u>alpine meadowsIt's autumnin a few weeks' time, winter snows will seal the mountain passes So the Kazakhs have decidedto break camp and move while they still canTurning their backs on the mountain pasturesthey have many long weeks of travel ahead of them along well worn trailsThe destination could hardly be more differentfrom the heavenly mountain's lush pasturesThese paths head into one of China's wildest and least known places This is the Zhunge'er Basinan added landthat lies at the westernmost edge of the great Gobi desert the most northerly desert in the worldthe Zhunge'er is a place of surprisesThis bizarre landscape is called theand though very little lives here nowthe ancestors of Tyrannosaurus rexonce roamed these hillsTheir fossils only discovered inBut the Zhunge'er is not entirely lifelessIn the darkness a little Roborovski's Hamster emerges to search for foodThey're the world's smallest hamstersthe size of a ping-pong balland they live in family groups around tenUnlike the Kazakhs hamsters cut migrate to avoid the severity of winterThey have to prepare for difficult times by storing up provisions to spend the season undergroundAnyone who has kept a pet hamsterknows what an energetic little creature it can be In a single nighta hamster may cover the equivalent of four human marathons but foraging far and wide creates a problemhow to carry the harvest back to its nestHere the hamster's famous flexiblecheek pouches come into playThey can be stuffed full of seeds for carrying back to the burrow Underground the family has special food chambers to store the bounty The supply will have to last themtrough the lean and cold times aheadWinter is on its wayWithin a few short weeksthe five colored hills are blanketed in snowdriven by icy winds from SiberiaDespite being at the same latitude as VeniceAsia's northern deserts have no nearby sea to warm them and sosuffer bitterly cold wintersWhen it melts next springthe snow will provide moisture for grasses and other plants to grow Like almost everywhere beyond the wallthe harsh conditions force people and wildlife to keep moving tofind enough to surviveThe Kazakhs have arrived from the Tianshan Mountains to graze their animals on the meagar pickings in the Zhunge'er But the Kazakhs don'thave this place all to themselves. Their winter migration routes take them passed the fence enclosure in the desert.The horses on this side of the fencearent domestic animals like those belonging to the Mongolians and KazakhsThese are the last wild horses on EarthMillions of them once screeched all the way to Europe but now they barely number in the hundredsFor part of the winterthe wild horses are quarantinedto stop their mating with the Kazakh's horsesThat way, the gene pool of the rare wild animals can be kept pure There is a big problem, howeverThe live stock and the wild horses compete for the same food Many Kazakhs families and their flockswill pass through here over the winterBy the time the wild horses can be released from the pen Much of the best forage will be goneWhen there are so little to go aroundit doesn't take much for the situation to turn critical Even in the least inhabited parts of Chinawildlife and people come into conflict in the struggle to survive Yet in this barren landscapea remarkable association between people and wildlife persists A tradition harking back almost yearsEighty-two year old Reya carries on a tradition that has made the Kazakhs famous throughout China Every winter for most of his life Reya has gone hunting with a golden eagleThis eagle is around years oldit was taken from the wild as a chickand raised by Reyawho trained it to return to him after each flight He will keep this bird for a total of ten seasons before setting it freeFoxes were once the favorite quarry for the eagle hunters These days they almost never catch anythingAs in many parts of Chinawildlife is far scarcer here than it used to be When Reya finally releases this eagleit will be the end of its hunting daysMany of the younger generation of China's nomads are moving to modern cities on leaving their traditions behindTheir lives no longer ruled by the changing of the seasons Back in the northeast in mid winterthe Great Wall still dominates the landscape Originally built to keep out dangerous warriors today it's a little more than a curiosity The Han Chinese whose ancestors built the Wall now live in great cities like Harbinfar to the north.Each year the artists of Harbinget ready for a special winter celebration Giant blocks of ice from nearby riversundergo a magical transfermationTourists flock to Harbin from all over China to see the spectacular carvingsand the ice city that has sprung up all around It takes people days to construct this icy wonderlandIt's impressive enough <u>by daybut the magic of this place only becomes apparent once the sun goes downNorthern China can be a harsh placebut also a place of great beautyThe Harbin Ice Festival showshow attitudes have changed since the Great Wall was built No longer are the extremes of life beyond the Wall merely to be feared Now it is possible to celebrate them,too。
美丽中国第一集中英文字幕-讲解版
前2：10使用The last hidden world, China.For centuries, travelers to China have told tales of magical landscapes and surprising creatures.Chinese civilization is the world's oldest and today, its largest, with well over a1.3 billion people.It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups and a wide range of traditional lifestyles, often in close partnership with nature.We know that China faces immense social and environmental problems, but there is great beauty here, too.China is home to the world's highest mountains, vast deserts ranging from searing hot to mind-numbing cold, steaming forests harboring rare creatures, grassy plains beneath vast horizons and rich tropical seas.Now for the first time ever, we can explore the whole of this great country, meet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live here and consider the relationship of the people and wild life of China to the remarkable landscape in which they live.This is wild China.最后的隐世净土中国数世纪来，旅人传诵着关于这片神奇土地，以及那些神奇生物的传说。
BBC美丽中国第六集中英文字幕解析
wild China.美丽中国（Wild China）第六集潮汐更迭Tides of Change 双语对照文本字幕从东端的长城起From the eastern end of the Great Wall,中国的海岸跨度14,500公里China's coast spans 14,500 kilometres并且拥有五千多年的历史and more than 5,000 years of history.在这个方面显示了This is the area which shows the greatest contrast中国的过去和未来之间的差距between China's past and its future.如今中国的东海岸线Today China's eastern seaboard有七亿人口is home to 700 million people,居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth.然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a wealth of wildlife.现在古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀Now, as ancient traditions mingle with new aspirations,那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗is there any room at all for wildlife on China's crowded shores?谨以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区In northern China's Zhalong Nature Reserve,一对丹顶鹤正守望着它们的产卵领土a pair of red-crowned cranes have staked out their nesting territory在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里in the stubble of a commercially managed reed bed.数百年来For centuries,cranes have been revered in China鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇as symbols of longevity.它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁Their statues were placed next to the Emperor's throne.鹤因此而受到赞扬The cranes have cause to celebrate.幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times.丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一Red-crowned cranes are one of the world's most endangered species.在过去的一个世纪Over the last century,中国失去了近一半的沿海湿地China has lost nearly half of its coastal wetlands并且大多数改造地是为了造福人类而非野生动物and most of what remains is managed for the benefit of people, not wildlife.从现在起的数个月 A few months from now,幼鹤和它的家人将面临一场往南方的大迁徙this chick and its parents will face a long migration south来躲避北方的严冬to escape the harsh northern winter.它们将沿着海岸向前Their route will take them along a coast然而这些海岸已经受到人类活动的巨大影响which has been greatly affected by human activity.在它们的征途上Along their journey,the cranes will be joined将有成千上万其他鸟类加入迁徙大军by many thousands of other migrating birds.它们迁徙的方向横跨南渤海湾All heading south across the Bohai Gulf 沿海岸的黄海和中国东海and along the shores of the Yellow and East China Seas,最远甚至抵达中国南海some even reaching as far as the South China Sea寻找一个安全的冬季避难所in search of a safe winter haven.每年候鸟迁徙已持续了数千年之久The annual bird migration has been going on for thousands of years.在中国东北海岸的锦屏山Here at Mount Jinping on China's northeast coast,存留着人类there is surprising evidence曾长期居住过的惊人遗迹that people have lived here almost as long. 七千年前Seven thousand years ago,少昊部落的成员雕刻下的神奇符号members of the Shao Hao tribe carved magical symbols描绘出他们日常生活得到的重要原理representing significant elements of their daily lives.这种岩石雕刻显示出The petroglyphs show wheat sheaves connected by lines to human figures,中国第一个有记录的耕种遗址the first known recordings of cultivation in China.因为常年目睹群鸟迁徙的奇观Familiar with the spectacle of yearly bird migrations,少昊人选择一只鸟的符号作为他们的图腾the Shao Hao people chose a symbol of a bird as their totem.锦屏山位于山东半岛附近Mount Jinping lies near the Shandong peninsula,是候鸟的一个重要越冬场所an important wintering site for migrant birds,即使在今天仍然有鸟群沿着这条海岸线前进and even today there are still communities along this coastline并且和当地的鸟群保持着密切关系who retain a special affinity with their local birdlife.烟墩礁Yandun Jiao village,位于半岛的东北岸on the north-eastern shore of the peninsula, 以其传统特色的海藻覆顶建筑闻名于世is famous for its traditional seaweed-thatched cottages.在早春料峭的清晨On a chilly morning in early spring,屈夫妇在破晓时刻出来碰运气Mr and Mrs Qu venture out at first light带着海民的传统工具——桶和小铲armed with the traditional seaside accessories of bucket and spade.当屈家人朝着港湾前进As the Qus head down into the harbour,一群被当地人 a flock of whooper swans,亲切称为“冬日天使”的大天鹅known affectionately here as "winter angels", 在海湾醒来are waking out in the bay.屈家和他们的邻居在潮落的泥浆中The Qus and their neighbours search for tube holes寻找管状的孔in the mud at low tide,那里意味着有扇贝或竹蛏深藏在泥底the sign of cockles and razor shells hidden deep below.收集贝克是颇为流行的消遣While gathering shellfish is a popular pastime,当地人以出海为主要营生the main business of Yandun Jiao happens further out at sea.当老屈站在启程船只的甲板上As the boats set out,with Mr Qu on board,天鹅并肩掠过the swans set a parallel course.整个海湾是一个巨型海藻农场The whole of the bay is a gigantic seaweed farm.人们整天忙于清理和照料海藻叶The men work all day cleaning and tending the kelp fronds海藻长在巨大浮标舰队互相连接的绳子上that are grown on ropes linked to a vast armada of buoys.天鹅只吃长在绳子表面的本地海藻The swans eat native seaweeds growing on the surface ropes而非更有价值的产物rather than the valuable crop of kelp,所以它们无损经济作物的生长so they do no harm to the commercial operation.下午当风在海上生起In the afternoon,as the wind picks up out at sea,工人和天鹅退回岸边the workers and swans return to shore.当追求与自然和谐的文化While the culture of seeking balance with nature历经远路回归中国的时候goes back a long way in China,在中国拥挤的海岸线很难看到如此和谐的人地关系it is rare to see such harmonious relationships on China's crowded coast.当夜晚降临As evening draws on,屈家人准备了扇贝the Qu family prepare their evening meal of cockles,馒头和海藻做为晚膳steamed bread and seaweed.孩子们谈话声(KIDS CHATTERING)剩菜被村里的孩子们用来喂天鹅Leftovers are given to the village children to feed the swans.这给孩子和村民带来许多乐趣It's fun for the kids and provides并未鸟儿们度过寒夜提供了能量补给an extra energy boost for the birds as they face another cold night.天鹅已经利用这个庇护港The swans have been using this sheltered bay作为冬天的过冬地at as a winter refuge for many generations.只要敬重自然的传统还在As long as the tradition of respect for nature persists,烟墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”间的this remarkable association between the Yandun Jiao community奇妙友谊就会持续下去and their winter angels looks set to continue. 在渤海湾天鹅村的最东北处Out in the Bohai Gulf,northeast of the swan village,一座小小的岩岛为迁徙的鸟儿提供了安静的歇脚地a small rocky island provides a quiet resting spot for migrating birds.但是蛇岛亦潜伏着危险But Shedao Island has hidden dangers.由于海平面上升蝮蛇已被困在这座岛上6000余年Pallas' pit vipers trapped here6,000 years ago by rising sea levels这已演化成一种险恶的生存方式have evolved a sinister lifestyle.每年有10个月For 10 months of the year岛上没有任何食物there is nothing substantial to eat on the island,因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力so the reptiles conserve their energy by barely moving at all.鸟群鸣叫(BIRDS CAWING)当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖As the sun warms their rocky home,这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛the snakes climb up into the bushes and trees.但是它们不是来这晒日光浴的But they aren't here to sunbathe.越来越多的毒蛇出现了More and more vipers appear事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地until virtually every perch where a bird might land等着鸟们上钩has been booby-trapped.“守猎”游戏开始了Then the waiting game begins.蛇隐藏得很好The serpents' camouflage is remarkable,但是蛇攻击鸟的时候but so are the birds' reactions,鸟的反应同样迅速as this high-speed shot reveals.鸟群只在岛上停留几周The birds will only stay on the island for a couple of weeks.但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了But although the snakes have been starving for months,但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径their only hope of bagging a meal is to be patient只能是潜藏起来耐心等待and sit tight.即便最微小的失误The slightest miscalculation也会导致狩猎的失败and the snake is left with a mouthful of feathers.蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味The dropped meal is tracked down mainly by smell,毒蛇用分叉的舌头the viper using its forked tongue分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物to taste the air until it is close enough to see its quarry.最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物The final challenge is to swallow a meal that's twice the size of its head.蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向It does so by dislocating its jaws and positioning its prey使鸟嘴指向后边so the beak is pointing backwards.对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂For the reptiles,this time of plenty is all too brief.再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了In a couple of weeks,the migration will be over鸟群会继续前进and the birds will have moved on.这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐This could be the snake's last meal for six months.但是并不是岛上会经历But it isn't just islands盛宴和饥馑的循环that experience cycles of feast and famine. 海也有季节变化The sea, too, has its seasons,沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化a fact well known to fishing communities along the neighbouring coasts.在初望港In Chuwang harbour,盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明the start of a new fishing season provides the excuse for a massive party.但是对于船主老赵来说But for boat owner Mr Zhao,既有庆祝又有祈祷it's a day of prayer as well as celebration.老赵希望通过祭祀海神Zhao hopes that by presenting gifts and showing respect to the sea goddess,来确保他们来年捕鱼he can help ensure a prosperous and safe year ahead顺利安全for him and his crew.同时鼓声爆竹反映了古人的信念Meanwhile, drums, firecrackers and fireworks reflect the ancient belief古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气that loud noises will frighten off dangerous sea devils and bad fortune.台子中间的那个是海龙的象征Occupying centre stage is a representation of the sea dragon,传说海龙控制着水和天气mythical ruler of water and weather.夜晚风平浪静In the calm of the evening,赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼Mr Zhao and his family light paper boat lanterns.每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神Each flickering flame carries a wish to the sea goddess,这个传统世代传递着a tradition passed on from parents to children over countless generations.在中国拥挤的海岸线上On China's crowded coasts,渔民们必须非常机敏fishermen need to be extremely resourceful. 收渔网是一项繁重的工作Hauling in the nets is hard work,目前为止还没有看到鱼and so far there's not a fish in sight.只有海蜇Only jellyfish.每年无数的海蜇Each year, millions of jellyfish被渤海湾的水流带到南方are carried south with the currents in the Bohai Gulf.这种现象的生态学原因很复杂The ecological story behind this event is complex,但决不是中国特有的but by no means unique to China.海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物Jellyfish are fast-breeding plankton feeders. 近些年来人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥In recent years, human sewage and fertilisers from intensive farming增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度have increased plankton blooms in the Gulf,提供了丰富的海蜇食物providing extra jellyfish food.由于过度捕鱼海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了While over-fishing has reduced their enemies and competitors.这种现象已经It's a phenomenon that has become increasingly widespread在全球蔓延across the world's seas.然而别的地方认为是个问题However, what is seen elsewhere as a problem,在中国却被当成机会in China is perceived as an opportunity.岸上Back on shore,四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里mule carts transport the jellyfish to nearby warehouses在那里处理后销往全国where they will be processed and sold as food all over China.四代人正在饱餐一碗海蜇片Four generations tuck into a bowl of sliced jellyfish,这道菜可以延年益寿the recipe for a long and healthy life.离开了渤海湾Leaving the Bohai Gulf behind,迁徙的鹤群migrating cranes,篦鹭和鸭子里边加入了其他鸟类spoonbills and ducks are joined by other birds,它们都飞向南方寻找安全的冬天栖息地all heading south in search of a safe winter haven.鸟群的迁徙路线顺着黄海The birds' migration route follows the coast of the Yellow Sea一路朝向江苏省down into Jiangsu Province,那里有肥沃的农业风景 a fertile agricultural landscape有中国最后存留的盐沼泽地with some of the last remaining salt marshes in China.大丰At Dafeng,一小块盐沼泽的就是一只幸存动物的家园a small salt marsh reserve is home to an animal which is lucky to be alive.中国人认为麋鹿是奇怪复杂的动物The Chinese see these Milu as a curious composite animal,有像马一样的头with a horse's head,牛一样的脚cow's feet,驴一样的尾巴 a tail like a donkey朝向后边的鹿角and backwards-facing antlers.在西方自从第一个欧洲人In the West, we know it as David's Deer,叫它麋鹿以后我们也这样叫了after the first European to describe it.在发情期During the rut,雄鹿用植物的花环来装饰自己stags decorate themselves with garlands of vegetation这些东西是用鹿角弄的collected in their antlers.激烈的战斗决定谁拥有交配权Fierce battles decide mating rights.雌鹿仍然带着去年的幼鹿The females still have last year's fawns in tow.母鹿在发情期也没有给幼鹿断奶They haven't been weaned by the time of the rut幼鹿聚在一起and band together in large crhes,只回到自己母亲那里喂食only returning to their mothers to feed.这种特殊的行为有助于帮助它们记清楚好斗的雄鹿This unique behaviour helps to keep them clear of the aggressive males.现在中国仅存2500头麋鹿了Today, there are just2,500 Milu in China, 很明显如果再多也很有限but it is remarkable that there are any at all. 在20世纪初期野外的麋鹿濒临灭绝In the early 1900s Milu became extinct in the wild,幸运的是一些良种鹿群被当作礼物送到了欧洲but luckily, some of the Imperial herd had been sent as a gift to Europe.那些在英格兰Woburn Abbey的麋鹿繁衍了下来Those at Woburn Abbey,in England, prospered.20世纪80年代40头鹿被送回了故乡And in the early 1980s, 40 of the deer were returned to their homeland它们在那里继续繁衍生息where they continue to thrive.迁徙的鹤群至今已经The migrating cranes have so far travelled 顺着海岸向南飞行了两千多公里了over 2,000 kilometres southwards along the coast.经过了大丰的麋鹿预留区Passing the Milu Deer Reserve at Dafeng, 它们接近了另一个盐沼泽地they are approaching another salt marsh那里给它们过冬提供了极好的条件which will provide the perfect conditions for them to spend the winter.盐城，中国最大的沿海湿地This is Yancheng,the largest coastal wetland in China,每年估计有三百万鸟拜访这里visited by an estimated three million birds each year.(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)刚出生七个月的幼鹤Crane chicks that were only born seven months ago完成了第一次来回旅行have now completed the first leg of a round trip它们将会每年重复这样which they will repeat every year.坚强的鹤群能应付冬天的温度The hardy cranes can cope with winter temperatures温度可能降到零度以下which may drop below freezing.但是其他迁徙的鸟类比如濒临灭绝的黑面篦鹭However, other migrating birds, like the endangered black-faced spoonbill,就没有那么耐寒are less cold-tolerant它们将要继续南飞寻找更温暖的气候and will continue even further south in search of warmer climes.(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)在这里许多迁徙的鸟群At this point,many of the migrating bird flocks勉强达到了它们南飞旅程的一半are barely halfway along their southward journey.在它们前面还有新的挑战Ahead of them lies a new challenge,中国最伟大的河——长江China's greatest river, the Yangtze,是许多种类迁徙物种的聚集地and the venue for a very different kind of migration.每年上百万吨的货物往来江面Each year, millions of tons of cargo travel up and down the river,使这里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一making this one of the busiest waterways in the world.这些是中华绒蝥蟹These are Chinese mitten crabs,因它们长毛爪子得名named for their strange hairy claws.它们可以迁移长达1500公里They may migrate as much as1,500 kilometres从支流和湖泊一直到河口from tributaries and lakes to the river mouth, 他们在那里繁殖后代where they gather to breed.中华鲟也有相似的迁徙 A similar migration is made by the giant Yangtze sturgeon,中华鲟能长到4米长半吨重which can reach four metres long and weigh half a ton.近些年来它们的数量骤减In recent years,its numbers have declined dramatically这是由于它们的迁徙被越来越多的河坝阻挡了as its migration is impeded by ever more river dams.但是不仅中华鲟有这样的境遇But it isn't just animals like the sturgeon that are in trouble,整个长江的生态系统都遭到了破坏the entire Yangtze River ecosystem is being poisoned.虽然有显耀的清理计划项目In spite of being the subject of an ambitious clean-up plan,估计长江是最大的today the river is reckoned to be the biggest 污染太平洋的单向水源single source of pollution entering the Pacific Ocean.坐落于长江入海口的Situated right at the mouth of its estuary,崇明岛为迁徙的滨鸟Chongming Island provides a vital resting and feeding spot提供了重要的休养生息的地方for migrating shorebirds,人们对长江流域的野生动物的态度不断转变and a place which offers welcome evidence这个地方也是个很好的证明of changing attitudes towards the Yangtze's beleaguered wildlife.几个世纪里这些沿岸泥滩一直吸引许多捕猎者For centuries these coastal mudflats have attracted hunters,就像金先生一样like Mr Jin,他们不断地改善捕猎技巧who have honed their trapping skills to perfection捕获稀有鸟类供上海有钱人食用to put rare birds on the tables of Shanghai's elite.40年里金先生一直用一张网For 40 years Mr Jin has used a net,简单的诱鸟和一只竹笛simple decoy birds and a bamboo whistle来诱惑经过的鸟到他的网里to lure passing birds towards his nets.(笛声)(WHISTLING)这需要耐心和高超的技巧It takes both patience and consummate skill. 但是事情并不总是这样But all is not as it seems.像其他许多最好的自然保护者一样Mr Jin, like many of the best conservationists, 金先生现在由偷猎者变为了看护者is poacher turned gamekeeper,使用他捕猎技艺来保护他原先的猎物using his hunting skills to benefit his old quarry.在东潭鸟类保护基地里The staff here at Dongtan Bird Reserve人们将给这些捕获的鸟测量带环称重will measure, ring and weigh the trapped birds然后把它们释放before releasing them unharmed.由金先生和他的同事们收集的这些信息The information gathered by Mr Jin and his colleagues帮助保护了200多个不同的鸟类helps to protect over 200 different species of birds这些鸟类每年都要来到这个岛屿which visit the island each year.在崇明岛正南端Just south of Chongming Island是中国最大的海边城市——上海lies China's largest coastal city, Shanghai.上海处于一条河流生物和鸟类迁徙的路径上Situated on a major migration route for birds as well as river life,现在它正进行一个更大的侵袭动作Shanghai is now preparing for an even bigger invasion.满载着建筑材料的驳船不停的到达这个城市的码头Barges loaded with building materials constantly arrive in the city's docks,来满足这个世界最繁忙建设之一的需要feeding one of the greatest construction booms in the world.去年全世界一半的水泥都运往中国的各个城市Last year, half the world's concrete was poured into China's cities,这些都是为了人类历史上最大规模的all in preparation for the biggest mass migration of people人口迁移做准备in the history of the world.在未来25年里预计有超过3亿中国人In the next 25 years,well over 300 million people将从中国农村迁移到城市例如上海are predicted to move from rural China into cities like Shanghai.从农村到城市的人类迁移The migration of people from country to city在全世界各地都可以看到is being mirrored around the world,and by 2010到2010年超过一半的世界人口将成为城市居住者over half of the world's population will be urban dwellers.当夜晚来临时上海就会揭示它的本色As night falls,Shanghai reveals its true colours.这是中国最快增长的金融中心China's fastest-growing financial centre 是这个巨大繁荣的中心is in the midst of a massive boom.其人口估计超过2千万With an estimated population of more than 20 million,上海无疑是中国最大Shanghai is officially China's largest也是最耀眼的城市and certainly its most dazzling city.但他的辉煌背后存在着环境代价But there is an environmental cost.上海居民使用的电力是Shanghai residents now use two and a half times more power per head郊区居民的2.5倍than their rural cousins.这个城市近乎贪得无厌的能源需求The city's seemingly insatiable energy demands得需要17个电厂来提供满足currently require the output of 17 power stations.上海往南城市灯光逐渐暗淡South of Shanghai the city lights gradually fade好象我们进入了一个古老的世界as we enter an ancient world.这是福建省This is Fujian Province,一个崎岖的地域 a rugged terrain由于花岗岩大山的护卫guarded by sheer granite mountains which have helped to forge and preserve使得一些中国最古老的遗址和传统文化得以稳固并保存some of China's most ancient sites and traditional cultures.远高出海边地带坐落着1400米高的太姥山Towering above the coast,the 1,400-metre-high Taimu Mountains是中国人熟识的“海上仙都”are known to the Chinese as "Fairyland on the Sea".潮湿的海风在寒冷的山顶凝聚Moist sea breezes condense on the cool mountaintops并与排水良好的酸性土壤结合and combine with well-drained acid soils便形成了完美的种植环境to produce the perfect growing conditions 适合喜酸性的植物——例如野杜鹃for acid-loving plants like wild azaleas.也合适生长山茶It's also home to camellias,including the most famous of all,包括最著名的茶树种植the tea plant.沿着福建沿海一带的类似种植环境Similar growing conditions all along the Fujian coast使得中国茶叶独享其尊make this the treasure chest for China's tea, 其茶产业远可源自4000多年前the heart of an industry dating back almost 4,000 years.这个地区最传统的茶树栽培文化One of the most traditional tea-growing cultures in the area当数这里的客家人沿袭的is that of the Kejia people.每天清晨山羊被放养在这些茶树梯田间Every morning, goats are let loose among the tea terraces,这是个历史悠久的传统 a centuries-old tradition.看起来好象很奇怪让这些This might seem surprising given goats' reputation山羊去吃这些绿色的植物for eating anything green,不过茶树并不像看上去那样毫无设防but tea isn't as defenceless as it looks.茶叶中存在刺激性的化学成分Tea leaves are loaded with bitter chemicals 以驱走啃食的动物designed to repel browsing animals.这对山羊很有效It works on the goats,它们只是吃光茶树外的杂草who leave the tea untouched and instead eat up the weeds,它们的粪便恰好茶树供给了养分fertilising the tea plants with their droppings.惊讶的是我们人类The surprise is that we humans却还没发现同样刺激性的化学鸡尾酒should find the same bitter chemical cocktail以便让人类根本不敢染指utterly irresistible.对客家人而言种植茶树是家族事业Among the Kejia people,tea-growing is a family business.女人们采摘男人门加工打包Women do the picking,while the men process and pack it.张女士是一名客家家族的成员Mrs Zhang belongs to a Kejia family她们家族在这片同样的茶园that has lived and worked for generations 生活劳作了数个世代among these same tea terraces.最精良的茶叶需要在温暖的阳光里快速采摘The finest tea needs to be gathered quickly in warm sunshine这样可以让茶叶保留有茶油的香味as this brings out the flavour-enhancing oils inside the leaves.这个可持续的产业使得中国最精美的地形之一This sustainable industry has protected one of China's finest landscapes和最传统文化之一得以保存下来and one of its most traditional cultures.在早上采摘之后At the end of the morning's picking,张女士把茶叶带回家以待加工Mrs Zhang returns home to drop off her tea ready for processing.这个城堡式样的建筑在过去This fort-like design has survived from a time客家人得以从与敌对的当地部落势力when the Kejia needed to protect themselves斗争中幸存下来against hostile local tribes.每个房子有3到4层Each house has three or four levels以适合50到250人居住designed to accommodate50 to 250 people. 最底层是厨房和家畜使用The ground floor houses the kitchens and animal stock同时有一条通道通向水井取水with access to a well for water.第一层房间用作储藏The first floor rooms are used for storage 第二层作为寝居and the upper floors are bedrooms.这一些很非凡的建筑已有800多年历史了Some of these remarkable buildings are 800 years old经历了地震和台风并完整的保存了下来and have survived earthquakes and typhoons.当收集一定数量茶叶时下一步加工开始了Once enough tea has been gathered in,the processing begins.把绿色茶叶变为市场销售的茶叶Turning green leaves into saleable tea最少包含8个步骤involves at least eight different stages,包括干燥捻细筛挤压和扭拧including drying, bruising,sifting, squeezing and twisting,这些都是成品打包前必须的步骤before the finished product is finally ready for packing.张女士的村庄出产“小黑龙”茶The Zhang's village produces"little black dragon",即——乌龙茶or oolong tea,其称呼源于冲泡茶叶时so called because of the way its twisted leaves unfurl那宛如蟠龙舒展的姿态when water is poured over them.茶在客家人生活中占据着重要地位Tea plays a vital part in Kejia life,既是一个收入来源也是一种迎宾之道not only as a source of income,but also as a way to welcome visitors它将人们联系在一起and bring people together.在中国人传统生活中In traditional Chinese life,即使最简单的一杯茶也被赋以复杂的仪式even the simplest cup of tea is poured with an intricate amount of ritual.在过去In the past,客家人的其他主要收入来自运送像茶叶一样的货物the Kejia people's other main income came from transporting goods like tea穿越变幻莫测的山川和河流入口across the treacherous topography of mountains and river estuaries.他们的运输路线在1059年变得轻松易行Their route was suddenly made easier when, in 1059,一切归于这座名桥的建造this remarkable bridge was built.它的桥面由重达10吨的花岗岩架设而成Made from massive10-ton slabs of granite,是中国不太知名的建筑奇葩之一it is one of China's lesser-known architectural gems.洛阳桥历经地震狂潮风采依旧Luoyang Bridge has withstood earthquakes and tempestuous tides.被称为“万安渡”的Known as "10,000 ships launching",46座桥墩the bridge's 46 piers在潮水的冲刷下已经屹立的近千年have withstood time and tide for almost a millennium.据当地传说According to folklore,桥的成功在于有远见地应用了生物工程its success is due to a far-sighted piece of bio-engineering.在桥墩上养殖牡蛎之后Oysters were seeded on the piers利用他们的凝固物可以and ever since,their concretions have helped cement将花岗岩胶合凝结起来the granite blocks together.如今惠安的女人们仍用传统的Today, oysters are still cultivated here方法在这里养殖牡蛎in the traditional way by Hui'an women.屹立在桥下的泥滩之中的岩石Stones are stood in the mudflats below the bridge可以使牡蛎附着生长to encourage the oysters to grow.如今当地人主要用洛阳桥来Luoyang Bridge is now mainly used by locals运送货物穿过河口到港口去carrying goods across the estuary towards the coastal ports.两千多年来For more than 2,000 years,中国的沿海贸易主要依靠于coastal trade in China has depended一种具有开创性卓越性能船on a remarkable and pioneering type of ship, 我们称之为舢板known to us as the junk.这艘船所用的的大众化设计This working vessel follows a general design 在福建已经使用了600多年that's been in use in Fujian for at least 600 years.船首是画上了两只大眼睛的鸟喙造型Its bows take the form of a beak,with two large painted eyes古代的航员们相信evoking the traditional seafarers' belief鸟的形象可以使海员们平安归来that the bird's image would help sailors return safely,就像每年春秋回来的候鸟一样like the migrants that return each spring and autumn.茶叶和其他货物经防水处理后储存Tea and other goods were stored in strong bulkheads,分储在防水壁中以降低洪涝带来的损失each waterproofed and separated from the next to minimise flood damage.这种保持珍贵茶叶干燥的革新措施This innovation, introduced to keep precious tea cargos dry,不仅改进了中国的船只spurred on the improvement of not only Chinese boats,还改进了西方的船只but Western ones, too.舢板上独特的索具The distinctive rigging of the junk's sails使得它在恶劣的天气下也容易操纵allows easy handling in bad weather,这在风暴肆虐的海边至关重要essential along this storm-battered coast.台风一词源于“大风”的谐音Each year from July to November,up to a dozen typhoons,每年7至11月成批的台风 a corruption of the Chinese word for "great wind",朝西北方向席卷中国而来head northwest towards China.全球像二氧化碳这样的温室气体的增加Typhoons are becoming more frequent as sea temperatures rise,使得海的温度升高aided by a global increase in greenhouse gases,台风也因此变得更加频繁such as carbon dioxide.但卫星图片却显示了一个令人惊讶的转变But satellite pictures have revealed a。
Wild China1-12美丽中国中英文字幕
Beneath billowing clouds, 在翻騰的雲霧之下 3 in China's far southwestern Yunnan province, 處在中國西南邊境的雲南省 4 lies a place of mystery and legend. 是個充滿神秘與傳奇的地方 5 Of mighty rivers and some of the oldest jungles in the world. 這裏有浩瀚的河川及世上年代最悠久的森林 6 Here, hidden valleys nurture strange and unique creatures, 隱密的溪谷培育出不可思議及罕見珍奇的生物7 and colorful tribal cultures. 和多采多姿的民族文化8 Jungles are rarely found this far north of the tropics. 離熱帶地區這麼遠的北邊森林是很罕見的景觀9 So, why do they thrive here? 那麼此區為何會有茂盛的森林？10 And how has this rugged landscape come to harbor the greatest natural wealth in all China? 這麼惡劣的地理環境是如何庇護全中國最重要的自然資源？14 In the remote southwest corner of China, 在中國西南方的偏僻角落一個慶典即將舉行15 a celebration is about to take place. 16 Dai people collect water for the most important festival of their year. 傣人為他們一年中最重要的節慶取水17 The Dai call themselves the people of the water. 傣族人自稱為水鄉之人18 Yunnan's river valleys have been their home for over 2,000 years. 兩千多年來他們一直以雲南的河谷為家19 By bringing the river water to the temple, 他們將河水帶到佛寺20 they honor the two things holiest to them -以河水浴佛來體現他們認為最神聖的兩件事21 Buddhism and their home. 佛教與家庭23 The Dai give thanks for the rivers and fertile lands which have nurtured their culture. 傣族以此敬謝河川與良地豐富了他們的文化與生活25 Though to some it might seem just an excuse for the biggest water fight of all time. 也許對某些人來說這個潑水儀式只是藉口讓他們打場最過癮的水戰27 Dai lives are changing as towns get bigger and modernize 由於城鎮的擴大及都市化傣族的生活形態正逐漸改變28 but the Water Splashing Festivals still celebrated by all. 但大家仍會慶祝潑水節29 The rivers which lie at the heart of Dai life and culture 河川深深影響傣族的生活和文化30 flow from the distant mountains of Tibet, 河流源自遙遠的西藏高山31 southward through central Yunnan in great parallel gorges. 往南流經雲南中部穿越重重的巨大峽谷32 The Dai now live in the borders of tropical Vietnam and Laos, 如今傣族居住在鄰近越南與泰國的熱帶地區33 but their legends tell of how their ancestors came here 但他們的傳奇故事敍述了祖先如何沿著河流34 by following the rivers from mountain land sin the cold far north. 從遙遠寒冷的北方高地來到這裏35 Lying at the far eastern end of the Himalayas, 橫斷山脈位於喜瑪拉雅山最東邊36 the Hengduan mountains form Yunnan's northern border with Tibet. 是雲南北方與西藏的邊界37 Kawakarpo, crown of the Hengduan range,is a site of holy pilgrimage. 橫斷山脈的頂峰卡瓦格博雪山是朝聖的聖地38 Yet, its formidable peak remains unconquered. 然而它令人畏懼的山頂至今無人能征服39 Yunnan's mountains are remote,rugged and inaccessible. 雲南群山偏僻、崎嶇，人類很難接近40 Here the air is thin and temperatures can drop below minus 40 degrees. 這裏的空氣稀薄溫度能降到零下40度42 This is home to an animal that's found nowhere else on Earth. 但地球上有某種動物卻只生活在這裏43 The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.雲南金絲猴44 It's found only in these few isolated mountain forests. 它們只在這些孤立的山林出沒45 No other primate lives at such high altitudes. 沒有其他的靈長類動物能居住在這麼高的海拔46 but these are true specialists.它們是真正的專家47 These ancient mountain dwellers have inspired legends.這些古老的山居動物造就許多傳奇故事48 Local Lisu people consider them their ancestors, 俚索族視它們為自己的祖先50 calling them "the wild men of the mountains".稱它們為山中野人51 During heavy snowfalls,even these specialists cannot feed.遇上大雪時期就連這些森林專家也無法覓食52 It seems a strange place for a monkey.這對猴子來說似乎是個奇怪的居住地53 Between snows, the monkeys waste no time in their search for food.雪一停歇，這些猴子立刻把握時間去尋找食物54 At this altitude,there are few fruits or tender leaves to eat. 在這高度很少有果子及嫩葉可吃56 90% of their diet is made up of the fine dry wisps of a curious organism. 它們九成的食物來自一種很像束狀乾草的奇怪有機物體58 Half fungus, half plant -it's lichen. 半菌半植物的地衣59 How have monkeys,normally associated with lowland jungle, 按理該住在低地森林的猴子60 come to live such are mote mountain existence? 怎麼會跑來住在偏遠的山區？61 This is not the only remarkable animal found within these isolated high peaks. 在這些孤絕的高峰之中還有更多奇特的動物62 A Chinese red panda. 一隻中國紅色熊貓63 Solitary and quiet, it spends much of its time in the tree tops. 生性安靜獨居大部份的時間都在樹上64 Despite its name, 不管其名65 the red panda is only a very distant relative of the giant panda. 紅色熊貓只是大熊貓的遠親66 It's actually more closely related to a skunk. 它跟臭鼬反而有較近的血緣關係67 But it does share the giant panda's taste for bamboo. 但它確實跟大熊貓一樣喜歡吃竹葉68 Southwest China's red pandas are known for their very strong facial markings 中國西南方的紅色熊貓以明顯的臉部斑紋聞名69 which distinguish them from red pandas found anywhere else in the Himalayas. 這和其他生活在喜馬拉雅山的紅色熊貓大不相同70 Like the monkeys, they were isolated in these high forests 就像金絲猴一樣它們也被孤立在這些高海拔森林71 when the mountains quite literally rose beneath them 這是因為近代地質史上的造山運動72 in the greatest mountain-building event in recent geological history. 將它們腳下的山地整個托起拔高73 Over the last 30 million years, 在過去三千萬年74 the Indian subcontinent has been pushing northwards into Eurasia. 印度板塊一直向北推擠歐亞大陸板塊75 On the border between India and Tibet 位於西藏與印度邊界的岩石76 the rocks have been raised eight kilometers above sea level, 已經被推升到高達海平面8公里77 creating the world's highest mountain range, the Himalayas. 造就出世上最高的喜馬拉雅山脈78 But to the east, 但往東方看去79 the rocks have buckled into a series of steep north-south ridges, 連綿的山岩形成南北向的懸崖峭壁80 cutting down through the heart of Yunnan, 直接深入雲南中心81 the parallel mountains of the Hengduan Shan. 平行的橫斷山脈82 These natural barriers serve to isolate Yunnan's plants and animals 這些天然屏障阻絕了雲南境內的動植物互通有無83 in each adjacent valley. 每個山谷幾乎都自成一區84 While the huge temperature range between the snowy peaks 這裏的溫差很大，上面是積雪的山峰85 and the warmer slopes below 下方是溫暖的緩坡86 provides a vast array of conditions for life to thrive. 氣候的多元性讓各種生命得以欣欣向榮87 Through spring, 整個春季88 the Hengduan slopes stage one of China's greatest natural spectacles. 橫斷山脈的山坡呈現中國最壯觀的自然風光89 The forests here are among the most diverse botanical areas in the world. 這裏的森林蘊藏全世界最豐富的植物品種90 Over 18,000 plant species grow here, 1萬8千多種植物有3千種是其他地區沒有的91 of which 3,000 are found nowhere else. 92 Until little more than a century ago,this place was unknown outside China.還不到一百年前這裏是不為外界所知的93 But then news reached the West但後來消息傳到西方94 of a mysterious, hidden world of the orient.原來東方還有這麼一個神秘、不為人知的世界95 Hidden among the mountains,a lost Shangri-la paradise.隱藏在群山中的世外桃源96 Western high society, in the grip of a gardening craze,西方上流社會的園藝熱潮97 was eager for exotic species from faraway places.讓他們渴望遙遠國度的奇花異草98 This gave rise to a new breed of celebrity adventurers,引領新一代的名人探險風99 intrepid botanist-explorers known as "the Plant Hunters".大膽的植物學家勘探者亦稱為植物獵人100 Yunnan became their Holy Grail.雲南成了他們的聖杯101 Indiana Jones The most famous was Joseph Rock,a real life Indiana Jones.最出名的是喬瑟夫拉克現實生活中的印第安那鐘斯102 Remarkable film footage captured his entourage on a series of expeditions, 卓越的記錄片記錄他和同伴一系列的遠征104 as they pushed into the deepest corners of Yunnan. 進入雲南最深的角落105 In glorious color he recorded the plant life he found 他用特別照相玻璃板106 on special photographic glass plates. 記錄五彩繽紛的植物107 Sending thousands of specimens back to the West, 把數千種樣本送回西方108 the Plant Hunters changed the gardens of the world forever. 植物獵人一舉改變了世界的花園109 Rock's success was born of a massive effort. 拉克的成功來自他的努力以赴110 For, to find his Shangri-la, 為了找到香格里拉111 not only had he to travers eendless mountain ranges, 他不只橫越數不清的山脈112 but some of the deepest gorges in the world. 還跨越一些世上最深的峽谷113 The Nujiang is called The Angry River. 怒江被稱之為忿怒的河流114 This 300-kilometre stretch of raging rapids 這條300公里的湍急河流115 is as much a barrier to life as are the mountains above. 如上述的山脈一樣成為許多生物的屏障116 WAVES CRASH 117 But the plant hunters weren't the first people to travel here. 但是植物獵人不是最早到此地的人118 Along the Nujiang,沿著怒江119 less than 30 rope crossings allow locals passage across the torrents.會發現不到30條的繩子吊索讓當地人渡過洪流120 Tiny hamlets cling to the slopes.小小村莊緊帖著山坡地121 This morning, it's market day,今早是市集日122 drawing people from up and down the valley.山坡上下的居民紛紛出門123 PIG OINKS 124 GOAT BLEATS 125 Hanging from simple rope slings,吊在吊索上126 people have been using the crossings for many hundreds of years. 這已是人們幾百年渡江的老辦法127 In such narrow, precipitous gorges在這麼狹窄的險峻峭壁128 it's by far the easiest way to get around.這是最容易的交通方式129 Once across, the steep sides mean it's still a hike.一旦渡過陡峭的山坡意味著還有一段徒步130 Many trek for hours by foot before they get to the market. 許多人要徒步幾個小時才到市場131 The immense valley is home to over a dozen ethnic groups. 這無邊無際的山谷聚集超過12個少數民族132 Some, like the Nu people,are found only here.像怒族就只生活在此區133 The markets bring the mountain tribes together.市集讓山上的族群聚在一起134 To continue his expeditions, 為了繼續探險135 Rock had to get his entire entourage across the giant Yunnan rivers. 拉克必須讓全隊通過浩瀚的雲南大河136 He commissioned especially thick ropes made from forest rattan 他以樹藤做的粗繩為輔137 and filmed the entire event. 並拍攝整個過程138 With yak butter to smooth the ride,40 men and 15 mules made the journey. 利用犛牛油使過程平順40個人及15只騾上路了139 Not all made it across. 並不是每個人都過140 On the far side of the great Nujiang gorge, 在怒江峽谷遙遠的另一邊141 the Plant Hunters made a remarkable discovery. 植物獵人有個很棒的發現142 Far from thetropics, 雖然遠離熱帶143 they seemed to be entering a steamy,vibrant tropical jungle, 他們似乎進入了充滿蒸氣與生氣的熱帶雨林144 the forest of Gaoligongshan. 高黎貢山的森林145 The flora here is unlike anywhere else in the world. 這裏的植物不像世界其他地方146 Next to subtropical species,alpine plants grow in giant form. 緊臨亞熱帶植物的是生長茂盛的高山區植物147 Crowning the canopy, rhododendrons,up to 30 meters high. 萬綠森中點點紅那是高達30公尺的杜鵑花148 In April and May, their flowers turn the forests ruby red, 杜鵑花在4、5月染紅翠綠的森林149 attracting bird species found only here. 150 吸引只在此地生長的鳥類151 Constant moisture in the air means that the branches are laden with flowering epiphytes, 空氣中充滿了濕氣152 樹枝開滿美麗的花朵153 fiercely guarded by tiny sun birds,unique to these valleys. 山谷有種獨特的小太陽鳥極力保護這些花森154 Nectar feeders, these are the hummingbirds of the Old World tropics. 它們採集花蜜155 這些蜂鳥穿梭在東方世界的熱帶地區156 The forests of Gaoligongshan are home to some of China's rarest wildlife. 高黎貢山的森林有許多中國最罕見的珍禽異獸157 This is a female Temminck's Tragopan. 這是母的紅腹角雉158 She has a colorful male admirer. 它的愛慕者鮮豔奪目159 He's hoping to woo her with his peculiar peekaboo display 希望以獨特的偷窺方式贏得佳人芳心160 but she's not about to be rushed. 但母雉不急著表態161 His colorful skin wattle reflects more light than feathers do. 公雉鮮豔的肉垂比羽毛還亮眼162 To her, this is like a neon sign. 對母雉來說就像個霓虹燈163 Seeing his chance,the male makes his move. 公雉看到機會馬上行動164 Constant moisture in the Gaoligongshan forests 高黎貢山森林的濕氣165 means that throughout the year there are always fruits on the trees. 讓樹木終年結實累累166 Such abundance of food encourages a high diversity of fruit eaters 167 豐沛的食物遠勝於一般熱帶林地168 more commonly found in the tropics. 所以也聚集各式各樣的食果動物169 The black giant squirrel is found only in undisturbed rain forest. 巨松鼠只生活在這片原始的雨林170 At close to a metre in length, it' sone of the world's largest squirrels. 它長達1尺171 是世上最大的松鼠172 The mystery is that these forests are growing well outside the tropics. 奇怪的是這些森林竟在熱帶地區以外茂盛生長173 By rights, none of this jungle,or its animals, should be here. 按理說這些森林和動物不應該在此174 These are bear macaques. 這是熊猴175 They're found only in tropical and sub-tropical jungle. 只居住在熱帶及亞熱帶森林176 With a tiny home range of just a few square kilometers, 生活範圍只有幾平方公里177 they depend on the abundant fruit 它們需要進食大量果子178 that only true rain forests can provide all year round. 只有真正的雨林才能終年提供如此數量179 To the European plant hunters, 對於歐洲的植物獵人來說這些北方的雨林180 these northern rain forests must have seemed a fantastic and mysterious lost world. 181 簡直就像奇幻神秘的遺忘世界182 Yet, when they came here, they would have found beautifully constructed ancient stone pathways 但當他們到此183 卻發現精心鋪設的古老石路184 on which the forest could be explored. 已經伸入森林之中185 Winding westwards into the hills, 蜿蜒通往西邊山坡186 these were once some of the most important highways in Asia, 這曾經是亞洲最重要的公路187 the southwestern tea and silk road. 西南方的茶與絲路188 Built thousands of years ago, 這條西南茶絲之路建於幾千年前189 the southwestern tea and silk road gave access to the world beyond China's borders, 190 連接中國和境外的世界191 carrying tradesmen and travelers fromas far away as Rome. 帶來遠自羅馬的商人及旅客192 Wars were fought over access to this tiny path, 過去為了爭奪這條小路引發不少戰爭193 the only sure route in or out of China, 畢竟這是唯一得以進出中國194 that was guaranteed to be clear of snow all year round. 又保證終年無雪的通道195 So, what causes Gaoligongshan's strange and remarkable climate? 是什麼造成高黎貢山奇怪又獨特的氣候？196 In late May, gusts of wind arrive, 5月下旬的強勁季風197 bringing with them the key to Gaoligongshan's mystery. 足以解開高黎貢山的神秘面紗198 The winds are hot and saturated with water. 風很熱而且充滿了水份199 They come all the way from the Indian Ocean. 一路從印度洋吹來200 Channeled by Yunnan's unique geography, 因雲南獨特的縱谷地形201 they bring with them the moisture of the tropical monsoon. 帶來熱帶梅雨季節的濕氣202 The giant river valleys,created millions of years ago, 幾百萬年前形成的高山縱穀203 act like immense funnels. 就像是巨大的漏斗204 The gorges are so deep and narrow, 這些溪穀又深又窄205 that the moist warm air is driven right up into the north of Yunnan. 促使濕暖空氣直接進入雲南北部206 The result is rain, in torrents! 結果是大雨如注！207 Four months of daily rainstorms sustain luxuriant vegetation. 連續4個月的暴雨讓植物茂盛生長208 The arrival of the monsoon 梅雨季節的來臨喚醒209 awakens one of the forest's most extraordinary moisture-loving inhabitants. 森林中最愛濕氣的動物210 The crocodile newt is one of the most unusual of the many amphibian species found here. 鱷魚蠑是一種兩棲動物211 也是其他地方找不到的奇特生物212 As the rains arrive,they emerge to mate. 當梅雨降臨，蠑螈開始交配213 The newts are said to leave an odour trail that potential mates can follow. 據說它們會留下氣味蹤跡214 讓未來的伴侶得以尋跡而至215 The crocodile newt gets its name from the bumps along its back. 鱷魚蠑因背部的突起而得名216 These are its defense. 那是它的防禦系統217 If grabbed by a potential predator, 如果被潛伏的食肉動物抓住218 the tips of its ribs squeeze a deadly poison from the bumps. 肋骨的尖端就會從凸塊釋放致命毒液219 The deluge wakes another forest inhabitant. 洪水喚醒另一個森林居住者220 This one is particularly astounding in its vigor! 它有特別驚人的活力！221 It can grow up to a meter day, 一天能長1公尺222 fast overtaking the other plants around it. 很快就追上周遭的植物223 The taller it grows,the faster its growth rate, 它長得越高，生長速度就越快224 so that in a matter of days it towers above the undergrowth, 所以一天之內就比矮樹森高225 and continues reaching for the sky. 繼續朝天空發展226 Not bad for what is essentially a grass. 對禾本科植物來說這樣的速度還不賴227 It's bamboo. 這就是竹子！228 Given the chance, 如果有機會竹子會發展成很大的林子229 bamboo will create immense forests,dominating entire areas. 230 佔領整個區域231 Bamboo forests occur across southwest China, 竹林主要生長在中國西南方232 all the way to Shanghai. 一直到上海233 But probably the highest diversity of bamboos in the world 但世界上竹子種類最多的地方234 is found on the hills and valleys of Yunnan. 還是在雲南的山谷235 Though incredibly strong,bamboos have hollow stems, 雖然竹子很堅韌，但中心是空的236 a perfect shelter for any creatures which can find a way in. 對任何能找到方法進入的生物是最佳的庇護所237 This entrance hole was made by a beetle 入口是被甲蟲弄的238 but it's being used by a very different animal. 但卻被完全不同的動物所使用239 A bamboo bat. 竹蝙蝠！240 The size of a bumblebee, it's one of the tiniest mammals inthe world. 如蜜蜂的大小241 是世上最小的哺乳動物242 The entire colony, up to 25 bats, 整群可住到25只243 fits into a single section of bamboo stem, smaller than a tea cup. 通通擠入一段竹節裏244 比茶杯小245 It's quite a squeeze! 還蠻會擠的！246 Half the colony are babies. 一半都是幼獸247 Though barely a week old, they are already almost as big as their mums. 雖然只有一個星期大248 它們已經跟媽媽一樣大249 Feeding such a fast-growing brood is hard work. 養一窩生長如此迅速的孩子實在很辛苦250 The mums leave to hunt just after dusk each night. 蝙蝠媽媽每天傍晚後出去獵食251 Back in the roost,the young are left on their own. 寶寶被留在竹節的窩巢裏252 Special pads on their wings help them to grip on the bamboo walls -翅膀上的肉趾幫助它們緊緊抓住竹壁253 most of the time. 但偶爾還是會失足254 The young bats use the extra space to prepare for a life on the wing 幼蝙蝠利用多餘的空間255 用喙理毛及伸展它們的翅膀為飛行做準備256 by preening and stretching. 257 Packed in like sardines, they would make an easy target for a snake. 它們擠得像沙丁魚258 很容易成為蛇類覬覦的目標259 But the snake has no chance of getting in. 但是蛇沒機會進入260 The entrance is thinner than the width of a pencil. 入口的大小比鉛筆還細261 When the mothers return, 當母蝙蝠回巢後262 they can push through the narrow entrance only because of their unusually flattened skulls. 它們能擠過那窄小的門263 因為它們有特殊的扁骨架264 But it's still a squeeze. 但還是需要擠一下265 Bamboos are exploited in a very different way by another forest dweller. 另外一群森林居民266 以不同方式善用竹林267 Fresh bamboo shoots are an important forest crop. 新鮮竹筍是森林重要產物268 Ai Lao Xiang is of the Hani tribe, 謝阿泰來自梅山的哈尼族269 from the mountain village of Mengsong. 270 Roasted, the tender shoots he gathers will make a tasty dish. 採集的竹筍在烤過會很好吃271 The Hani have many uses for the different bamboos they grow and find in the forest around. 哈尼族懂得物盡其用272 對野生和自種的竹有不同的處置273 Though flexible enough to be woven, 雖然竹子柔軟到可以編織274 bamboo has a higher tensile strength than steel. 但它比鐵有更強的韌性275 Succulent when young, 幼筍鮮美多汁成熟的竹子牢固耐用276 in maturity it's tough and durable,ideal for making a table 277 做成桌子最理想了278 and strong enough for a pipe to last a lifetime. 279 做出煙管一輩子也不會壞280 The people of southwest China 中國西南方的人們發明許多非凡的方法281 have found an extraordinary number of ways to exploit this most versatile of plants. 282 來利用這多用途的植物283 THEY SPEAK IN NATIVE LANGUAGE 284 Part of bamboo's phenomenal success 竹子這麼厲害有部份原因是285 is that it's so tough that few animals can tackle it. 很少動物能突破它的堅韌286 Yet, bamboo does come under attack. 但是竹子還是會被攻擊287 A bamboo rat. 竹鼠288 Feeding almost exclusively on bamboo, 專門吃竹子289 they live their entire lives in tunnels beneath the forest. 它們一生都住在森林底下的隧道290 The thinner species of bamboo are easy to attack and pull below. 越細小的竹科越容易被攻擊然後被拉到地下291 She has a fantastic sense of smell 它的嗅覺非常靈敏292 and can sniff out the fresh growth through the soil. 能在土裏嗅出新生竹293 Bamboo spreads along underground stems. 竹子是由地底紮根而生294 By following these, new shoots are found. 隨根部就能找到新生筍295 Once a shoot is detected, 一旦筍子被發現296 she snips it free and drag sit down into her burrow. 它馬上咬斷拖到洞穴裏297 This female has a family. 這只母鼠有家累298 At just a few weeks old, 只有幾個禮拜大299 the youngsters can already tacklethe hardest bamboo stems 這些幼鼠已經能應付最硬的竹莖300 and are eager to try. 還很樂意去試301 Bamboo's tough reputation is such, 竹子以過人的韌性聞名另一位專家因為能啃食竹子302 that another bamboo specialist was known by the Chinese as,"The Iron Eating Animal". 303 被中國人稱為食鐵動物304 The giant panda is famous for its exclusive diet. 大熊貓是以專吃竹子而出名的305 Giant pandas are thought to have originated in southwest China, millions of years ago, 據說幾百萬年前306 起源于中國西南方307 but they are no longer found in Yunnan. 但如今在雲南已經找不到了308 Recently, their specialized diet has had dire consequences. 最近它們偏愛的食物呈現緊迫的狀態309 Bamboo has a bizarre life cycle, 竹子的生命週期很特別310 flowering infrequently, sometime sonly once every hundred years or so. 不常開花311 有時一百年才一次312 But when flowering does occur,it's on a massive scale, 但一旦開花，就會大規模盛開313 and it's followed by the death of all of the plants. 最後整株死亡314 Sometimes an entire bamboo forest may die. 有時整片竹林都死了315 In undisturbed habitat, pandas simply move to another area 在不受干擾的生態區熊貓只要遷移到另一區就好了316 where a different bamboo species grows. 那裏還有不同的竹子317 But as human activity has fragmented their forest home, 但人類的活動已截斷它們的棲息地318 pandas find it increasingly hard to find large enough areas in which to survive. 熊貓越來越難找到足夠的活動範圍生存319 Wild pandas are now found only in the forests of Central China, 現在只有中國的中部還能找到野生熊貓320 far to the east. 離東部已經很遠了321 But in the hidden pockets of lowland jungle in Yunnan's tropical south, 但在低地森林隱密的地區322 在雲南的熱帶南區323 live one of China' s best-kept wildlife secrets. 還秘密藏著一種野生動物324 DEEP BELLOW 325 The wild Asian elephant. 野生亞洲大象326 Elephants once roamed across China as far north as Beijing. 大象曾經遍及中國最北甚至遠及北京327 But it's only in the hidden valleys of Yunnan that they have survived. 但現在只生活在雲南隱密的山谷中328 Elephants are the architects of the forest. 大象是森林的建築師329 Bamboos and grasses are their favorite food 竹子跟草是它們最愛吃的食物330 but saplings, tree leaves and twisted lianas are all taken, with little care. 但幼樹、樹葉及藤蔓植物331 也會被它們一併拔起332 As they move through the forest, 當它們穿越森林333 the elephants open up clearings,bringing light to the forest floor. 等於辟清一些空地讓陽光照入森林的地面334 This has a major impact on their home. 這對此區生態有很大的影響335 The richest forests are now known tobe those which from time to time experience change. 最豐饒的森林是那些336 不時在變化的森林337 The Ji nuo people are incredibly knowledgeable about their forests 基諾族對他們的森林幾乎無所不知338 and claim to have uses for most of the plants that they find there. 聲稱他們認識大多數植物也都知道各自用法339 They have names for them all, 他們替每種植物起名字340 those good for eating and some which even have strong medicinal qualities. 這些很好吃341 有些有很強的藥效342 By working here, the Jinou play a similar role to the elephants, 在這裏工作343 基諾族與大象有異曲同工之效344opening up the forest,bringing space, light and diversity. 清除森林，帶來空間、光與多元化345 Green, fast growing species are encouraged. 所以此區的綠色植物能快速成長346 Insects are in high abundance here, 昆蟲在這裏也很多347 together with the animals that feed on them. 以昆蟲為食的動物自然也多348 Knowledge of the forest enables the Jinou to find not just plants, 身為森林通的基諾族不但能找到植物349 but other tasty forest food too. 還有其他美味的食物350 Forest crabs are common here,feeding on the abundant leaf litter. 森林蟹在這很常見它們以枯枝落葉為食物351 This will be a tasty addition to the evening meal. 這會是晚餐美味的佳餚352 Flowing through Yunnan's southern valleys, 流過雲南南方山谷353 the once angry rivers are now swollen, 曾經湍急的怒江如今進入寬廣的區域354 their waters slow and warm. 水流變得緩慢溫和355 These fertile lowland valleys are the home of the Dai. 這些低地水域是傣族的家356 The "People of the Water" 他們沿著溪流而居357 live along streams which originate in the surrounding hills. 這些溪流源自周遭的山地358 Each family keeps a kitchen garden 每戶人家都有菜圃359 modeled on the multi-layered structure of the surrounding forests, 是依周遭森林地形而建的多層次建築360 which the Dai hold sacred. 傣族相當崇敬這片森林361 The gardens are made more productive by inter-planting different crops. 菜圃因交叉耕作而產量增加362 Tall, sun-loving species give shelter to plants which thrive in the shade. 喜日曬的高品種給予喜陰暗的植物遮蔽所363 As companions,the plants grow better. 混合種植讓蔬果長得更好364 Yunnan's forests are home to more than a dozen wild banana species 雲南的森林有超過12種野生香蕉品種365 and banana crops grow well in most Dai gardens. 而傣族的菜圃也種了許多366 The huge banana flowers are rich in nectar for only two hours a day, 碩大的香蕉花蘊藏豐富的花蜜367 但一天只開兩個小時368 but it's enough to attract a range of forest insects, including hornets. 但已足夠吸引許多森林昆蟲前來369 包括大黃蜂370 With their razor sharp mandibles, 它們的下顎如剃刀般鋒利371 they find it easy to rob the flowers of their nectar. 能輕易掠取花中的蜜汁372 But hornets are predators too. 但大黃蜂也是肉食性昆蟲373 They hunt other insects and carry them back to their nest. 它們捕捉其他昆蟲，將之帶回巢穴374 An ideal target, 理想的目標375 but this grasshopper is no easy meal. 但這蚱蜢並非簡單的大餐376 There may be a price to pay. 那是有代價的377 The Dai men, Po and Xue Ming, take advantage of a hunter's instincts. 378 傣族人波和祟明，他們就如黃雀在後379 A hornet sting is agony. 大黃蜂的蜇針是很痛的380 But for now it's distracted,intent on cutting away 但現在它忙著別的事381 a piece of grass hopper small enough to carry back home. 急切的想要切割蚱蜢的一部份382 小得讓它帶回巢去383 Success! 成功了！384 The white feather hardly slows the hornet, 大黃蜂不因白色羽毛而慢下來385 and, more importantly, 最重要的是遠遠就能看見它386 it can be seen. 387 Now the hunter is the hunted. 現在是螳螂捕蟬，黃雀在後388 So long as Po and Xue Ming can keep up! 但波和祟明必須跟得上389 Back at the nest,the other hornets 否則等它回蜂窩390 immediately begin to cut the feather free. 其他的大黃蜂馬上割開那羽毛391 But it's too late. The nest's location has been betrayed. 但太遲了蜂窩的所在地已經被發現！392 The relationship between the forest animals and the people who live here 森林動物與此地居民的關係393 永遠不會是和諧的394 was never one of harmony. 395 Yet the fact that the Dai and other ethnic groups considered。
BBC美丽中国英文字幕(1、2)——香格里拉__龙之心
美丽中国英文字幕（2）——香格里拉Beneath billowing clouds,in China's far southwesternYunnan province,lies a place of mystery and legend.Of mighty rivers and some of the oldest jungles in the world.Here, hidden valleys nurture strange and unique creatures,and colourful tribal cultures. Jungles are rarely found this far north of the tropics.So, why do they thrive here?And how has this rugged landscape come to harbour the greatest natural wealth in all China? In the remote southwest corner of China, a celebration is about to take place.Dai people collect water for the most important festival of their year.The Dai call themselves the people of the water.Yunnan's river valleys have been their home for over 2,000 years.By bringing the river water to the temple, they honour the two things holiest to them Buddhism and their home.The Dai give thanks for the rivers and fertile lands which have nurtured their culture. Though to some it might seem just an excuse for the biggest water fight of all time.Dai lives are changing as towns get bigger and modernise but the Water Splashing Festival is still celebrated by all.The rivers which lie at the heart of Dai life and culture flow from the distant mountains of Tibet,southward through central Yunnan in great parallel gorges.The Dai now live in the borders of tropical Vietnam and Laos, but their legends tell of how theirancestors came here by following the rivers from mountain lands in the cold far north. Lying at the far eastern end of the Himalayas,the Hengduan mountains form Yunnan's northern border with Tibet.Kawakarpo, crown of the Hengduan range, is a site of holy pilgrimage.Yet, its formidable peak remains unconquered.Yunnan's mountains are remote,rugged and inaccessible.Here the air is thin and temperatures can drop below minus 40 degrees.This is home to an animal that's found nowhere else on Earth.The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.It's found only in these few isolated mountain forests.No other primate lives at such high altitudes but these are true specialists.These ancient mountain dwellers have inspired legends.Local Lisu people consider them their ancestors,calling them "the wild men of the mountains".During heavy snowfalls, even these specialists cannot feed.It seems a strange place for a monkey.Between snows, the monkeys waste no time in their search for food.At this altitude, there are few fruits or tender leaves to eat.90% of their diet is made up of thefine dry wisps of a curious organism.Half fungus, half plant it's lichen.How have monkeys, normallyassociated with lowland jungle,come to live such a remote mountain existence?This is not the only remarkable animal found within these isolated high peaks.A Chinese red panda.Solitary and quiet, it spends much of its time in the tree tops.Despite its name,the red panda is only a very distant relative of the giant panda.It's actually more closely related to a skunk.But it does share the giant panda's taste for bamboo.Southwest China's red pandas areknown for their very strong facial markings which distinguish them from red pandas found anywhere else in the Himalayas.Like the monkeys, they were isolated in these high forestswhen the mountains quite literally rose beneath themin the greatest mountain-buildingevent in recent geological history.Over the last 30 million years, the Indian subcontinent has beenpushing northwards into Eurasia.On the border between India and Tibetthe rocks have been raised eight kilometres above sea level,creating the world's highestmountain range, the Himalayas. But to the east, the rocks have buckled into a seriesof steep north-south ridges,cutting down through the heart of Yunnan,the parallel mountains of the Hengduan Shan.These natural barriers serve toisolate Yunnan's plants and animals in each adjacent valley.While the huge temperaturerange between the snowy peaks and the warmer slopes below provides a vast array of conditions for life to thrive. Through spring, the Hengduan slopes stage one ofChina's greatest natural spectacles.The forests here are among the most diverse botanical areas in the world.Over 18,000 plant species grow here,of which 3,000 are found nowhere else.Until little more than a century ago,this place was unknown outside China.But then news reached the West of a mysterious, hidden world of the orient.Hidden among the mountains,a lost Shangri-la paradise.Western high society, in the gripof a gardening craze,was eager for exotic species from faraway places.This gave rise to a newbreed of celebrity adventurers, intrepid botanist-explorers known as "the Plant Hunters". Yunnan became their Holy Grail.The most famous was Joseph Rock, a real life Indiana Jones.Remarkable film footage captured his entourage on a series of expeditions,as they pushed into the deepest corners of Yunnan.In glorious colour he recorded the plant life he foundon special photographic glass plates.Sending thousands of specimens back to the West,the Plant Hunters changed thegardens of the world forever.Rock's success was born of a massive effort.For, to find his Shangri-la,not only had he to traverseendless mountain ranges,but some of the deepest gorges in the world.The Nujiang is called The Angry River.This 300-kilometre stretch of raging rapids is as much a barrier to lifeas are the mountains above.WAVES CRASHBut the plant hunters weren't the first people to travel here.Along the Nujiang,less than 30 rope crossings allowlocals passage across the torrents.Tiny hamlets cling to the slopes.This morning, it's market day,drawing people from upand down the valley.PIG OINKSGOAT BLEATSHanging from simple rope slings,people have been using the crossingsfor many hundreds of years.In such narrow, precipitous gorges it's by far the easiest way to get around.Once across, the steep sides mean it's still a hike.Many trek for hours by foot before they get to the market.The immense valley is home to over a dozen ethnic groups.Some, like the Nu people, are found only here.The markets bring the mountain tribes together.To continue his expeditions,Rock had to get his entire entourageacross the giant Yunnan rivers.He commissioned especially thick ropes made from forest rattanand filmed the entire event.With yak butter to smooth the ride, 40 men and 15 mules made the journey.Not all made it across.On the far side of the great Nujiang gorge, the Plant Hunters made a remarkable discovery. Far from the tropics,they seemed to be entering a steamy,vibrant tropical jungle,the forest of Gaoligongshan.The flora here is unlike anywhere else in the world.Next to subtropical species, alpine plants grow in giant form.Crowning the canopy, rhododendrons,up to 30 metres high.In April and May, their flowersturn the forests ruby red,attracting bird species found only here.Constant moisture in the air means that the branches are ladenwith flowering epiphytes,fiercely guarded by tiny sunbirds,unique to these valleys.Nectar feeders, these are the hummingbirds of the Old World tropics.The forests of Gaoligongshan are home to some of China's rarest wildlife. This is a female Temminck's Tragopan.She has a colourful male admirer.He's hoping to woo her with his peculiar peekaboo displaybut she's not about to be rushed.His colourful skin wattlereflects more light than feathers do.To her, this is like a neon sign.Seeing his chance,the male makes his move.Constant moisture inthe Gaoligongshan forestsmeans that throughout the yearthere are always fruits on the trees.Such abundance of food encouragesa high diversity of fruit eatersmore commonly found in the tropics.The black giant squirrel is foundonly in undisturbed rainforest.At close to a metre in length, it'sone of the world's largest squirrels.The mystery is that these forestsare growing well outside the tropics.By rights, none of this jungle,or its animals, should be here.These are bear macaques.They're found only intropical and sub-tropical jungle.With a tiny home range ofjust a few square kilometres,they depend on the abundant fruitthat only true rainforestscan provide all year round.To the European plant hunters,these northern rainforests must haveseemed a fantastic andmysterious lost world.Yet, when they came here, they wouldhave found beautifully constructedancient stone pathwayson which the forestcould be explored.Winding westwards into the hills,these were once some of the most important highways in Asia,the southwestern tea and silk road. Built thousands of years ago,the southwestern tea and silk road gave access to the worldbeyond China's borders,carrying tradesmen and travellers from as far away as Rome.Wars were fought over accessto this tiny path,the only sure route inor out of China,that was guaranteed tobe clear of snow all year round. So, what causes Gaoligongshan's strange and remarkable climate?In late May, gusts of wind arrive, bringing with them the key to Gaoligongshan's mystery.The winds are hotand saturated with water.They come all the wayfrom the Indian Ocean.Channelled by Yunnan'sunique geography,they bring with them themoisture of the tropical monsoon. The giant river valleys,created millions of years ago,act like immense funnels.The gorges are so deep and narrow, that the moist warm air is driven right up into the north of Yunnan. The result is rain, in torrents! Four months of daily rainstorms sustain luxuriant vegetation.The arrival of the monsoonawakens one of the forest'smost extraordinarymoisture-loving inhabitants.The crocodile newt is one ofthe most unusual of the many amphibian species found here.As the rains arrive,they emerge to mate.The newts are said toleave an odour trail thatpotential mates can follow.The crocodile newt gets its name from the bumps along its back. These are its defence.If grabbed by a potential predator, the tips of its ribs squeeze a deadly poison from the bumps.The deluge wakesanother forest inhabitant.This one is particularly astounding in its vigour!It can grow up to a metre a day, fast overtaking the otherplants around it.The taller it grows,the faster its growth rate,so that in a matter of days it towers above the undergrowth,and continues reaching for the sky. Not bad for what isessentially a grass.It's bamboo.Given the chance,bamboo will create immense forests, dominating entire areas.Bamboo forests occuracross southwest China,all the way to Shanghai.But probably the highest diversity of bamboos in the worldis found on the hillsand valleys of Yunnan.Though incredibly strong,bamboos have hollow stems,a perfect shelter for anycreatures which can find a way in. This entrance holewas made by a beetlebut it's being used by avery different animal.A bamboo bat.The size of a bumblebee, it's oneof the tiniest mammals in the world. The entire colony, up to 25 bats,fits into a single section of bamboo stem, smaller than a tea cup. It's quite a squeeze!Half the colony are babies.Though barely a week old, they are already almost as big as their mums. Feeding such a fast-growingbrood is hard work.The mums leave to huntjust after dusk each night.Back in the roost,the young are left on their own. Special pads on their wings help them to grip on the bamboo walls -most of the time.The young bats use the extra space to prepare for a life on the wingby preening and stretching.Packed in like sardines, they would make an easy target for a snake.But the snake has nochance of getting in.The entrance is thinnerthan the width of a pencil.When the mothers return,they can push through the narrow entrance only because oftheir unusually flattened skulls.But it's still a squeeze.Bamboos are exploited in avery different way by anotherforest dweller.Fresh bamboo shoots arean important forest crop.Ai Lao Xiang is of the Hani tribe, from the mountainvillage of Mengsong.Roasted, the tender shoots hegathers will make a tasty dish.The Hani have many uses for thedifferent bamboos they growand find in the forest around. Though flexible enough to be woven, bamboo has a highertensile strength than steel. Succulent when young,in maturity it's tough and durable, ideal for making a tableand strong enoughfor a pipe to last a lifetime.The people of southwest Chinahave found an extraordinary number of ways to exploit this mostversatile of plants.THEY SPEAK IN NATIVE LANGUAGEPart of bamboo'sphenomenal successis that it's so toughthat few animals can tackle it.Yet, bamboo does come under attack.A bamboo rat.Feeding almost exclusively on bamboo, they live their entire lives in tunnels beneath the forest.The thinner species of bambooare easy to attack and pull below. She has a fantastic sense of smell and can sniff out the freshgrowth through the soil.Bamboo spreads alongunderground stems.By following these,new shoots are found.Once a shoot is detected,she snips it free and dragsit down into her burrow.This female has a family.At just a few weeks old,the youngsters can already tacklethe hardest bamboo stemsand are eager to try.Bamboo's tough reputation is such, that another bamboo specialist was known by the Chinese as,"The Iron Eating Animal".The giant panda is famousfor its exclusive diet.Giant pandas are thought tohave originated in southwestChina, millions of years ago,but they are no longerfound in Yunnan.Recently, their specialiseddiet has had dire consequences. Bamboo has a bizarre life cycle, flowering infrequently, sometimes only once every hundred years or so. But when flowering does occur,it's on a massive scale,and it's followed by thedeath of all of the plants. Sometimes an entirebamboo forest may die.In undisturbed habitat, pandas simply move to another areawhere a differentbamboo species grows.But as human activity has fragmented their forest home,pandas find it increasingly hard to find large enough areasin which to survive.Wild pandas are now found onlyin the forests of Central China,far to the east.But in the hidden pockets of lowland jungle in Yunnan's tropical south, live one of China'sbest-kept wildlife secrets.DEEP BELLOWThe wild Asian elephant.Elephants once roamed acrossChina as far north as Beijing.But it's only in the hidden valleys of Yunnan that they have survived. Elephants are thearchitects of the forest.Bamboos and grasses are theirfavourite foodbut saplings, tree leaves andtwisted lianas are alltaken, with little care.As they move through the forest,the elephants open up clearings, bringing light to the forest floor. This has a majorimpact on their home.The richest forests are now known to be those which from time to time experience change.The Jinou people are incredibly knowledgeable about their forestsand claim to have uses for most of the plants that they find there. They have names for them all,those good for eating and some which even have strong medicinal qualities. By working here, the Jinou playa similar role to the elephants, opening up the forest,bringing space, light and diversity. Green, fast growingspecies are encouraged.Insects are in high abundance here, together with the animalsthat feed on them.Knowledge of the forest enablesthe Jinou to find not just plants, but other tasty forest food too. Forest crabs are common here,feeding on the abundant leaf litter. This will be a tastyaddition to the evening meal.Flowing through Yunnan'ssouthern valleys,the once angry riversare now swollen,their waters slow and warm.These fertile lowland valleysare the home of the Dai.The "People of the Water"live along streams whichoriginate in the surrounding hills. Each family keeps a kitchen garden modelled on the multi-layered structure of the surrounding forests, which the Dai hold sacred.The gardens are made more productive by inter-planting different crops. Tall, sun-loving species give shelter to plants which thrive in the shade. As companions,the plants grow better.Yunnan's forests are home to more than a dozen wild banana speciesand banana crops grow wellin most Dai gardens.The huge banana flowers are richin nectar for only two hours a day, but it's enough to attract a rangeof forest insects, including hornets. With their razor sharp mandibles, they find it easy to robthe flowers of their nectar.But hornets are predators too.They hunt other insects andcarry them back to their nest.An ideal target,but this grasshopper is no easy meal. There may be a price to pay.The Dai men, Po and Xue Ming, take advantage of a hunter's instincts.A hornet sting is agony.But for now it's distracted,intent on cutting awaya piece of grasshoppersmall enough to carry back home. Success!The white featherhardly slows the hornet,and, more importantly,it can be seen.Now the hunter is the hunted.So long as Po andXue Ming can keep up!Back at the nest,the other hornetsimmediately begin to cutthe feather free.But it's too late. The nest'slocation has been betrayed.The relationship between the forest animals and the people who live here was never one of harmony.Yet the fact that the Dai and other ethnic groups considered theseforests to be sacred,has ensured their survivaland now many have been givenextra protection as nature reserves. Ingenuity and hard workpays off at last.The fattened larvae areconsidered a delicacy by the Dai. Although these forests have experienced a great deal of change, they are still host to someancient and incredible relationships. Almost 60 centimetres high,this is the immense flowerof the Elephant yam.Locals call it the"Witch of the Forest".As the stars rise,the witch begins to cast her spell. The forest temperature drops,but the flower starts to heat up.A heat sensitive camera revealsthe flower's temperaturerising by an incredibleten degrees Celsius.At the same time, a noxious stench of rotting flesh fills the forest air. As the flower's heat increases,a cloud of odour rises up.The foul perfumecarries far and wide.It doesn't go unnoticed.Carrion beetles arrive on the scene. The beetles come in searchof a feast of warm decaying flesh, but they've been tricked.Slippery sides ensure they tumble straight into the centreof the monster flower.There's not enough room to spread their wingsand the waxy walls ensurethat there's no escape.But there's nothing sinisterin the flower's agenda.The beetles will beits unwitting helpers.Dawn arrives,but the flower remains unchanged, holding its captives through the day. As the second night falls,the witch stirs again.In a matter of minutes, the flower's precious golden pollensqueezes from the stamensand begins to fall,showering onto the captivebeetles below.Now, at last, the prisonersare free to go.The flower's wall changes texture, becoming roughto provide the ideal escape ladder. Loaded with their pollen parcels, they can now climb to freedom,just as other forest witchesare beginning to open.Seduced by the irresistible perfume, the beetles are sure to pay a visit, so ensuring pollination,and another generation of incredibly big, smelly flowers.As dawn arrives, forest birds claim their territories in the canopy. BIRDSONGBut there's one callwhich stands out among the rest - virtuoso of the forest symphony.STRANGE CALL RINGS OUTIt's a gibbon.UNDULATING CALL CONTINUESLiving on a remote mountainrange in south central Yunnanis one of the few remainingwild gibbon populations in China. The black-crestedgibbons of Wuliangshan.They are confined tothese forest mountains,so remote and steepthat few hunters ever come here.The Wuliangshan gibbons areunusual for their social structure. Most gibbons live in smallfamily groupsconsisting of a mating pairand their offspring.But these gibbons exist in troops. One male can have twoor sometimes three femalesand all of these can have young. Often even the juvenilesstay in the community.BABY SQUEAKSRarely glimpsed,this baby may be only a day old.If it survives infancy,then it has a promising futurein these few valleyswith its close-knit family.GIBBON CALLS RING OUTGibbon song once inspiredthe ancient poets of China,their glorious callsechoing far across the hills.But now, new, strangely quiet forests have come to Yunnan.These trees are here to producean important and valuable crop.When the tree bark is scored,it yields copious sticky sap,so bitter and tackythat nothing can feed on it.It's the tree's naturaldefence against attack.It's collected daily,bowl by bowl.It will be boiled and processed into one of the most important materials to a fast developing nation - rubber. The expansion of the rubberforests began in the '50s when China, under a world rubber embargo,had to become self-sufficientin this vital product.Beijing turned to the only place where rubber could grow,the tropical south of Yunnan.With efficiency and speed,some of the world's richest forests were torn up and burned.Replaced with mile upon mileof rubber plantation.But there was a problemfor the rubber growers.While Yunnan's uniquenatural forestscan survive on the valleyslopes which stretch to the north... ..just one severe frost will kill off these delicate rubber trees.So Yunnan's terrain puts a limit on how far the plantations can spread, halting at leasttheir northwards advance.The jungles of Yunnanare increasingly under pressure. HORN BEEPSNew roads criss-crossthe tiny remnant forests,the infrastructure needed for trade, industry and, increasingly, tourism. It's a meeting of two verydifferent worlds.ELEPHANT TRUMPETSThat elephants still exist in Chinais remarkableconsidering the immense pressuresin the world's most highlypopulated country.The 250 or so wild elephantswhich still live hereare now strictly protected.And each year youngare born to the small herds.If elephants were to surviveanywhere in China,it could only have been here,in Yunnan.The same mountains which guidethe monsoon rains northand which made Joseph Rock'sjourneys so treacherous,also guarded Yunnan's forestsand its wildlife.ELEPHANTS GRUNT AND TRUMPETFor the moment, the mountains arestill carpeted in a rich green,deceptive in its simplicity.Below the canopy lies perhapsChina's richest natural treasure.Delicate and unique,a complex world of intricaterelationshipsbetween animals, plants and people,beneath the clouds.美丽中国英文字幕（1）——龙之心The last hidden worldChinaFor centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapes and surprising creaturesChinese civilization is the world's oldestand today it's largestwith well over a billion peopleIt's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groupsand a wide range of traditional life stylesoften in close partnership with natureWe know that China faces immense social and environmental problemsbut there is great beauty here tooChina is home to the world's highest mountains,vast deserts ranging from from searing hotto mind numbing coldsteaming forestsharboring rare creaturesgrassy plains beneath vast horizonsand rich tropical seasNow, for the first time everwe can explore the whole of this great countrymeet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live hereand consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of Chinato the remarkable landscaping which they liveThis is wild ChinaOur exploration of China begins in the warm subtropical southOn the Li River, fishermen and birds perch on bamboo raftsa partnership that goes back more than a thousand yearsThis scenery is known throughout the worlda recurring motif in Chinese paintingsand a major tourist attractionThe south of China is a vast areaeight times larger than the UKIt's a landscape of hillsbut also of waterIt rains here for up to 250 days a yearand standing water is everywhereIn a floodplain of the Yangtse Riverblack-tailed godwits probe the mud in search of wormsBut it isn't just wildlife that thrive in this environmentthe swampy ground provides ideal conditions for the remarkable member of the grass family riceThe Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least 8 thousand yearsIt has transformed a landscapeLate winter in southern Yunnan, it's a busy time for local farmersas they prepare the age-old paddy field ready for the coming springThese hill slopes of Yuanyang countyplunge nearly 2 thousand meters to the floor of the Red River Valleyeach contains literally thousands of stack terraces carved out by hand using basic digging toolsYunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in Chinastill ploughed as they always have beenby domesticated water buffaloeswhose ancestors originated in these very valleysThis man-made landscape is one of the most amazing engineering feats of preindustrial China It seems as if every square inch of landhas been pressed into cultivationAs evening approachesan age-old ritual unfoldsIt's the mating seasonand male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of femalesBut it dosen't always pay to draw too much attention to youselfThe Chinese Pond Heron is a crapulous predatorEven in the middle of a ploughed paddy field<i>nature is red in beacon claw</i>This may look like a slaughterbut as each heron can swallow only one frog at a timethe vast majority will escape to croak another dayTerrace paddies like those of Yunyang county are found across much of southern ChinaThis whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivationIn here in Guizhou province, the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice culture With every inch of fertile land given over to rice cultivationthe Miao build their wooden houses on the steepest and least productive hillsidesIn Chinese rural life, everything has a usedried in the sun, manure from the cowsheds would be used as cooking fuelIt's midday and the Song family aretucking into a lunch of rice and vegetablesOblivious to the domestic chitchatgranddad Guyong Song has serious maters on his mindSpring is a start of the rice growing seasonthe success of the crop will determin how well the family will eat next yearso planting at the right time is criticalThe ideal date depends on what the weather will do this yearnever easy to predictBut there is some surprising help at handOn the ceiling of the Song's living rooma pair of red-rumped swallows newly arrive from their winter migrationis busy fixing up last year's nestIn China, animals have value does much for their symbolic meaning as for many good they may doMiao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithful for lifeso their presence is a favor and a blessingbringing happiness to a marriage and good luck to a homeLike most Miao dwellings, the Song's living room windows look out over the paddy fields From early spring, one of these windows is always left open to let the swallows come and go freelyEach year, granddad Gu knows the exat day the swallows returnMiao people believe the birds arrival predicts the timing of a season ahead。
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前2：10使用The last hidden world, China.For centuries, travelers to China have told tales of magical landscapes and surprising creatures.Chinese civilization is the world's oldest and today, its largest, with well over a1.3 billion people.It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups and a wide range of traditional lifestyles,often in close partnership with nature.We know that China faces immense social and environmental problems, but there is great beauty here, too.China is home to the world's highest mountains, vast deserts ranging from searing hot to mind-numbing cold, steaming forests harboring rare creatures, grassy plains beneath vast horizons and rich tropical seas. Now for the first time ever, we can explore the whole of this great country, meet some of thesurprising and exotic creatures that live here and consider the relationship of the people and wild life of China to the remarkable landscape in which they live.This is wild China.最后的隐世净土中国数世纪来，旅人传诵着关于这片神奇土地，以及那些神奇生物的传说。
中国文明是世界最古老的文明，而如今是最宏博的。
那数十亿的人民，现存超过五十个民族，以及各式各样贴近自然的传统生活方式。
我们都知道中国面对着着众多社会环境问题，但这里也存在着令人窒息的美丽。
中国有着世界最高峰、从无垠的炙热沙漠、到麻木大脑的寒冷地带、以及那蒸笼般的森林中隐匿的各种珍稀生物、天际下广阔无垠的草原、以及富饶的热带海洋。
现在我们第一次有机会深入探索这片伟大的土地，接触栖息于此的珍奇生物，目睹中国这片神奇土地上，人与野生世界的羁绊。
这就是最原味的中国14:55—21:22 喀斯特地貌This vast area of southwest China, the size of France and Spain combined, is famous for its clusters of conical hills,Iike giant upturned egg cartons, separated by dry empty valleys. This is the karst, a limestone terrai n which has become the defining image of southern China.Karst landscapes are often studded with rocky outcrops, forcing local farmers to cultivate tiny fields. The people who live here are among the poorest in China. In neighbouring Yunnan Province, Iimestone rocks have taken overentirely.This is the famous Stone Forest, the product of countless years of erosion, producing a maze of deep gullies and sharp-edged pinnacles.Limestone has the strange property that it dissolves in rainwater. Over many thousands of years water has corroded its way deep into the heart of the bedrock itself. This natural wonder is a famous tourist spot, receiving close to two million visitors each year.The Chinese are fond of curiously-shaped rocks and many have been given fanciful names. No prizes for guessing what this one is called!But there's more to this landscape than meets the eye. China has literally thousands of mysterious caverns concealed beneath the visible landscape of the karst. Much of this hidden world has never been seen by human eyes and is only just now being explored. For a growing band of intrepid young Chinese explorers, caves represent the ultimateadventure.Exploring a cave is like taking a journey through time. A journey which endless raindrops will have followed over countless centuries.Fed by countless drips and trickles, the subterranean river carves ever deeper into the rock. The cave river's course is channelled by the beds of limestone.A weakness in the rock can allow the river to increase its gradient and flow-rate, providing a real challenge for the cave explorers.The downward rush is halted when the water table is reached.Here the slow-flowing river carves tunnels with a more rounded profile.This tranquil world is home to specialised cave fishes, like the eyeless golden barb. China may have more unique kinds of cave-evolved fishes than anywhere else on earth.Above the water table, ancient caverns abandoned by the river slowly fill up withstalactites and stalagmites. Stalactites form as trickling water deposits tiny quantities of rock over hundreds or thousands of years. Stalagmites grow up where lime-laden drips hit the cave floor.Oi! Whoo-hoo! So far, only a fraction of China's caves have been thoroughly prospected and cavers are constantly discovering new subterranean marvels, many of which are subsequently developed into commercial show caves.Finally escaping the darkness, the cave river and its human explorers emerge in a valley far from where their journey began.For now, the adventure is over. Rivers which issue from caves are the key to survival in the karst country. This vertical gorge in Guizhou Province is a focal point for the region's wildlife.相当于法国和西班牙国土加起来那么大的中国西南的广阔土地因为宛如被干燥中空的谷地隔离开来的巨大蛋盒般，连绵的锥形山脉而闻名于世。
这就是喀斯特地貌。
石灰石地貌俨然成为南部中国的标志性特征，喀斯特地貌通常以突起的裸岩状态分布。
这迫使当地农民只得在破碎的小块土地上耕作，当地人是中国最贫穷的居民之一。
在毗邻的云南省，遍布着石灰石。
这就是著名的石林。
无数年侵蚀作用的产物，造就了无数的狭道与巅峰。
石灰石有一个独性，那就是能被雨水分解。