美国omega修订版热电偶参考表 C型热电偶
简介美国OMEGA带自粘式衬片热电偶SA1-J-72-SC欧米茄快速响应热电偶
美国OMEGA带自粘式衬片热电偶SA1-J-72-SC欧米茄快速响应热电偶
恩慈电子公司提供详细内容
产品概述：
omega快速反应性自粘式热电偶|SA1系列，快速反应性自粘式热电偶,专有的卷线轴帽,自粘式基材便于安装,优于0.3秒反应时间,1 m (40") or 2 m (80") 颜色编码PFA绝缘导线,可达到175°C (350°F) 并能维持较长时间,有J,K,T,E等规格热电偶。
产品特点：
带粘贴热电偶|快速响应热电偶
快速响应热电偶带自粘式衬片
自粘式衬片方便安装
响应时间优于0.3秒
1 m （40"）或
2 m （80"）带色标PFA绝缘导线
长时间工作额定温度175°C （350°F）
可提供J、K、T和E分度号
型号说明：
图片：。
美国Omega对焊细裸线热电偶
A-19
重要订购说明
基本金属热电偶
报价为300 mm (12")长度的价格。
您可以通过专门订购来获得其他尺寸和长度。
300 mm (12")的长度对应于600 mm (24")总长度的每一段。
如欲为基本金属 校准订购更长的导线长度，需对每包 300 mm (12")支付额外费用。
请访问 ，了解完整价格和详情。
铂/铑热电偶
报价为150 mm (6")长度的价格。
您可以通过专门订购来获得其他尺寸和长度。
如欲为铂/铑校准订购更长的导线长度，请参见下表。
OMEGA 提供一系列的对焊裸线热电偶，相比标准串珠线热电偶，可提供更快速的响应时间，并可用在更狭小的空间。
基本金属*校准：
铂/铑校准：150 mm (6")注：负极导线以红点标识。
热电偶绝缘体型号SH 、DH 、FS 和OV 也是此† 最大长度300 mm (12")订购示例：CHAL-010-BW , K 型CHROMEGA ®-ALOMEGA ®对焊无护套细线热电偶，5件装。
®
对焊细裸线热电偶
随时因贵金属市场波动而变化。
图片小于实际尺寸。
方便的 5件装
请访问o m e g a .c o
m /
t h e r m o c o
u p l e s ，
了解价
格和详情。
美国Omega热电偶线型号判断
• TT-K-30-SLE
• • • • TT:表示绝缘层为：特富龙 耐温260摄氏度 K：表示是K型分度号 30：表示热偶丝(金属丝)直径为0.254mm SLE：表示为”特别限制误差“，精度为 0.4%
一：绝缘层
• 美国Omega热电偶线常用的绝缘层有三种 • 1：特富龙(awg30或36小线规用,耐温260度)
美国Omega热电偶线常用型号
• 3：高温玻璃纤维(耐温704度)
• HH-K-24-SLE高温玻璃纤维外皮，K分度号，耐温704度2*0.511mm ，1000英尺/305 米
谢谢观看
• 谢谢观看，希望对您有帮助。
• 赵先华-深圳市鑫博恒业科技有限公司 ****************************************** 地址：深圳市华强北都会大厦B座27S TEL:0755-82736276 839872767 • FAX:0755-83041664 珠三角 长三角 E-mail:info@
三：热偶丝线径• 3Fra bibliotek24awg（0.511mm）
四：SLE与非SLE
• 这个是美国Omega热电偶线精度的标示， 通过外观及一般的设备就很难判断了 • 但是我们提供的均是SLE(0.4%)精度的热电 偶线。
美国Omega热电偶线常用型号
• 1：玻璃纤维绝缘层（耐温482度）
• • • GG-K-36-SLE玻璃纤维外皮,K分度号，耐温482度,2*0.127mm ,1000英尺/305米 GG-K-30-SLE玻璃纤维外皮,K分度号，耐温482度,2*0.255mm ,1000英尺/305米 GG-K-24-SLE玻璃纤维外皮,K分度号，耐温482度,2*0.511mm ,1000英尺/305米
欧米茄omega热电偶接线端子
热电偶接线盒可安装于DIN 导轨并且可进行检查图示接线盒连接了RECK1-10电缆和HH506RA 数据记录器／温度计（配备RS232C 接口）。
DRTB 系列全新DRTB 系列热电偶接线盒采用热电偶级合金加工而成，保证可提供精确读数。
内置SMP 兼容母插座可插接小型热电偶连接器。
母连接器让用户可以连接到手持式仪表，用于数据采集、质保合规、功能研究以及故障排除安装或维修等应用。
塑料外壳采用灰色聚酰胺6.6热塑性树脂加工而成，达到UL 94 V0等级(85°C)。
这些热电偶接线端为全封闭式，无需使用任何端板。
螺钉和夹子都经过镀锌，它们配合使用可提供一种无振动、免维护、抗腐蚀的连接。
规格接线端宽度：10.7 mm (0.422")接线端长度／高度：51 mm (2.008")／42.3 mm (1.666")安装到35 x 7.5 mm ／35 x 15 mm DIN 导轨中的高度： 43.5 mm (1.713")／51 mm (2.009")导线最大尺寸：12 AWG ／2.5 mm 2裸线长度：8 mm (0.31")扭矩（Nm (in-lb)）：0.4 (3.54) ±10%额定温度：-40 ~ 85°C (-40 ~ 185°F)DRTB-K ， 热电偶接线盒。
DRTB-RAIL-3575，单独销售。
受美国和国际专利及待批专利申请保护专利申请中DRTB 接线盒可安装在标准35 mm DIN 导轨或32 mm G 型导轨中，可用分度号类型以及正极(+)和负极(-)连接标识它们。
导线入口为漏斗形，即便是标准导线，也能实现导线快速插接。
W i r e C o n n e c t i o nL-Xl 螺丝接线端可提供安全 且免维护的连接lT K 、J 、T 、E 、N 、R/S 和 U 型分度号l 内置小型热电偶母连接器，可进行检查和故障排除l 全封闭式——无需使用端板l可进行DIN 导轨安装—— 宽度小，仅10.7 mm l可通过分度号与“+，-” 连接标识l 内含书写窗SMPW-K-M, 单独出售.2配件订购示例：DDRTB-K ，K 型热电偶接线盒，可安装于DIN 导轨，配备RECK1-10，K 型0.3 m (1')可伸缩延长电缆。
Omega OMNI-AMP 热电偶放大器说明书
Unpacking InstructionsRemove the Packing List and verify that you have received all equipment, including the following (quantities in parentheses):OMNI-AMP Thermocouple Amplifier (1) Operator’s Manual (1)If you have any questions about the ship-ment, please call the OMEGA Customer Service Department.When you receive the shipment, inspect the container and equipment for signs ofNote any evidence of rough handling in transit. Immediately report any damage to the shipping agent.The carrier will not honor damage claims unless all shipping material is saved for inspection. After examining and removing contents, save packing material and carton in the event reshipment is necessary.The OMEGA®OMNI-AMP thermocouple amplifier is designed to boost small thermocouple signals up to 100 times. The OMNI-AMP amplifies the millivolt signal generated by a thermocouple (almost always less than 75 millivolts), and drives meters or readouts that are not sensitive enough to be driven directly by the small output of the thermocouple. There may be a temptation to use the sensitive amplifier to drive a second microvolt amplifier in order to achieve even higher gains. However, the inherent noise of the combined system will rule out such use. OMNI-AMP Amplifier is ideally suited for driving millivolt meters where the full scale range is not more sensitive than 100 millivolts without further amplification. For example, when used with a meter having a full scale reading of 100 millivolts and OMNI-AMP Amplifier set at the 100 gain position, the full scale reading of the meter will represent 1.0 millivolt source voltage. This corresponds to 77°F using a Type K, CHROMEGA®-ALOMEGA® thermocouple wire, referenced at 320°F. See the OMEGA Complete Temperature Measurement Handbook and Encyclopedia®which contains Temperature-EMF tables for thermocouples.Keep in mind, when working with positions, shielding and grounding of the input and output leads is important. Be sure to observe the proper thermocouple input polarity. Note that the output range of your OMNI-AMP Amplifier is - 1.5 to+2.0 Vdc. Thermocouples are used in the range of -450°F to +5000°F and the output signals from them range from -10 millivolts to +80 millivolts. Thus, your OMNI-AMP Amplifier is ideally ranged and designed for them.It is recommended to try using lower gain settings first and use no greater gain setting than is required. When a gain setting of one (unity)is used, zero adjust is inoperative. If a small offset EMF is present, it is recommended that the zero adjust on the readout device be used to bring the instrument to zero. For example; all panel meters have an adjusting screw to set the pointer. When using unity gain, it is only necessary to turn this adjusting screw slightly to reset the meter. Use the zero adjust on the amplifier for all other gain settings.Your OMNI-AMP Amplifier can drive both high and low impedance devices. Most meters and readout devices have high impedance; i.e., over 1,000 ohms. Withsuch meters, it is generally best to operate the OMNI-AMP Amplifier as a constant voltage device. With OMNI-AMP II Amplifier, this is achieved by placing the mode switch in the volt/volt position. In the case of the OMNI-AMP I Amplifier, it is set for constant voltage mode when it leaves the factory. Certain pyrometers are low impedance devices having a circuit resistance of only a few ohms. In such cases, the OMNI-AMP Amplifier should be operated as a constant current device. With OMNI-AMP II Amplifier, simply place the mode switch in theMA/VOLT position. With OMNI-AMP I Amplifier, it is necessary to remove the cover plate and throw the small internal switch to the position suggested in the instructions on the side of the OMNI-AMP Amplifier.Your OMNI-AMP Amplifier has been designed to have an extremely low dc drift as a function of time and temperature. However, if your application is to amplify signals which are in the region below five millivolts, you will enhance the already low drift characteristics of this instrument by first allowing a 15-minute warm up period, and then by maintaining the temperature of the OMNI-AMP Amplifier as constant as possible.Note: OMNI-AMP IIB Amplifier with reference junction. This unit contains a selfcompensating electrical bridge network incorporating a temperature sensitive resistance element that is powered by a 3.6V lithium battery to ensure a reference junction at 0°C or 32°F. Be certain that the thermocouple used in conjunction withOMNI-AMP IIB Amplifier is of the calibration designated on the input connector.Important considerations when using your OMNI-AMP Millivolt Amplifier Before using an OMEGA®OMNI-AMP millivolt amplifier, please check your recorder, meter or oscilloscope for the following:1. If you are using an oscilloscope and ithas a sensitivity of 1 millivolt/centimeter or better (500 microvolts/centimeter, 100 microvolts/centimeter), then OMNI-AMP Amplifier SHOULDNOT BE USED as it will not amplifyyour thermocouple EMF withoutexcessive noise. If your oscilloscopehas a sensitivity of less than 1 millivolt/ centimeter (500 millivolts/centimeter, 1volt/centimeter, etc.), then your OMNI-AMP Amplifier will be quite helpful inboosting the oscilloscope sensitivity.Keep in mind that the lower the gain or sensitivity of the oscilloscope, thehigher the useful gain of your OMNI-AMP Amplifier.2. If you are using a meter which has afull scale sensitivity of 10 millivolts orbetter (500 microvolts full scale, 100microvolts full scale, etc,), then yourOMNI-AMP Amplifier SHOULD NOTBE USED as it will not be able toamplify the EMF without excessivenoise. If your readout meter has asensitivity of less than 10 millivolts full scale; i.e,1 volt full scale, then yourOMNI-AMP Amplifier will be veryhelpful in boosting the meter’ssensitivity. Keep in mind that the lower the gain or sensitivity of the readoutmeter, the higher the useful gain ofyour OMNI-AMP Amplifier.3. If you are working with an oscillographrecorder and it has a sensitivity of 1millivolt/centimeter or better, then theOMNI-AMP Amplifier should not beused as it will not be able to amplify the EMF without excessive noise. If youroscillograph recorder has a sensitivity of less than 1 millivolt/ centimeter, then your OMNI-AMP Amplifier will be very helpful in boosting the oscillographrecorder’s sensitivity considerably. As with meters and oscilloscopes, keep in mind that the lower the gain orsensitivity of the oscillograph recorder, the higher the useful gain of yourOMNI-AMP Amplifier.4. The OMNI-AMP Millivolt Amplifier isNOT RECOMMENDED for use withdigital readout meters unless themaximum sensitivity is1 millivolt. In any event, if a decision ismade to use a OMNI-AMP Amplifierwith a digital readout meter, themaximum sensitivity that can beachieved with a meter and OMNI-AMP Amplifier combination is 100microvolts.Please read the operating instructions which are on the side of the OMNI-AMP I Amplifier and on the bottom of OMNI-AMP II Amplifier before using the instrument.It is the policy of OMEGA Engineering, Inc. to comply with all worldwide safety and EMC/EMI regulations that apply. OMEGA is constantly pursuing certification of its products to the European New Approach Directives. OMEGA will add the CE mark to every appropriate device upon certification. The information contained in this document is believed to be correct, but OMEGA accepts no liability for any errors it contains, and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice.WARNING: These products are not designed for use in, and should not be used for, human applications.WARRANTY/DISCLAIMEROMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. warrants this unit to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 13 months from date of purchase. OMEGA’s WARRANTY adds an additional one (1) month grace period to the normal one (1) year product warranty to cover handling and shipping time. This ensures that OMEGA’s customers receive maximum coverage on each product.If the unit malfunctions, it must be returned to the factory for evaluation. OMEGA’s Customer Service Department will issue an Authorized Return (AR) number immediately upon phone or written request. Upon examination by OMEGA, if the unit is found to be defective, it will be repaired or replaced at no charge. OMEGA’s WARRANTY does not apply to defects resulting from any action of the purchaser, including but not limited to mishandling, improper interfacing, operation outside of design limits, improper repair, or unauthorized modification. This WARRANTY is VOID if the unit shows evidence of having been tampered with or shows evidence of having been damaged as a result of excessive corrosion; or current, heat, moisture or vibration; improper specification;misapplication; misuse or other operating conditions outside of OMEGA’s control. Components in which wear is not warranted, include but are not limited to contact points, fuses, and triacs.OMEGA is pleased to offer suggestions on the use of its various products. However, OMEGA neither assumes responsibility for any omissions or errors nor assumes liability for any damages that result from the use of its products in accordance with information provided by OMEGA, either verbal or written. OMEGA warrants only that the parts manufactured by the company will be as specified and free of defects. OMEGA MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, EXCEPT THAT OF TITLE, AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: The remedies of purchaser set forth herein are exclusive, and the total liability of OMEGA with respect to this order, whether based on contract, warranty, negligence, indemnification, strict liability or otherwise, shall not exceed the purchase price of the component upon which liability is based. In no event shall OMEGA be liable for consequential, incidental or special damages.CONDITIONS: Equipment sold by OMEGA is not intended to be used, nor shall it be used: (1) as a “Basic Component” under 10 CFR 21 (NRC), used in or with any nuclear installation or activity; or (2) in medical applications or used on humans. Should any Product(s) be used in or with any nuclear installation or activity, medical application, used on humans, or misused in any way, OMEGA assumes no responsibility as set forth in our basic WARRANTY/DISCLAIMER language, and, additionally, purchaser will indemnify OMEGA and hold OMEGA harmless from any liability or damage whatsoever arising out of the use of the Product(s) in such a manner.RETURN REQUESTS/INQUIRIESDirect all warranty and repair requests/inquiries to the OMEGA Customer Service Department. BEFORE RETU RNING ANY PRODU CT(S) TO OMEGA, PU RCHASER MU ST OBTAIN AN AU THORIZED RETU RN (AR) NU MBER FROM OMEGA’S CU STOMER SERVICE DEPARTMENT (IN ORDER TO AVOID PROCESSING DELAYS). The assigned AR number should then be marked on the outside of the return package and on any correspondence.The purchaser is responsible for shipping charges, freight, insurance and proper packaging to prevent breakage in transit.FOR WARRANTY RETURNS, please have the following informa-tion available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1.Purchase Order number under which the product wasPURCHASED,2.Model and serial number of the product under warranty, and3.Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to theproduct.FOR NON-WARRANTY REPAIRS,consult OMEGA for cur-rent repair charges. Have the following information avail-able BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1. Purchase Order number to cover the COST of the repair,2.Model and serial number of the product, and3.Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative tothe product.OMEGA’s policy is to make running changes, not model changes, whenever an improvement is possible. This affords our customers the latest in technology and engineering.OMEGA is a registered trademark of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.© Copyright 2010 OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. All rights reserved. This document may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.Where Do I Find Everything I Need for Process Measurement and Control?OMEGA…Of Course!Shop online at SMTEMPERATUREⅪߜThermocouple, RTD & Thermistor Probes, Connectors, Panels & AssembliesⅪߜWire: Thermocouple, RTD & ThermistorⅪߜCalibrators & Ice Point ReferencesⅪߜRecorders, Controllers & Process MonitorsⅪߜInfrared PyrometersPRESSURE, STRAIN AND FORCEⅪߜTransducers & Strain GagesⅪߜLoad Cells & Pressure GagesⅪߜDisplacement TransducersⅪߜInstrumentation & AccessoriesFLOW/LEVELⅪߜRotameters, Gas Mass Flowmeters & Flow ComputersⅪߜAir Velocity IndicatorsⅪߜTurbine/Paddlewheel SystemsⅪߜTotalizers & Batch ControllerspH/CONDUCTIVITYⅪߜpH Electrodes, Testers & AccessoriesⅪߜBenchtop/Laboratory MetersⅪߜControllers, Calibrators, Simulators & PumpsⅪߜIndustrial pH & Conductivity EquipmentDATA ACQUISITIONⅪߜData Acquisition & Engineering SoftwareⅪߜCommunications-Based Acquisition SystemsⅪߜPlug-in Cards for Apple, IBM & CompatiblesⅪߜData Logging SystemsⅪߜRecorders, Printers & PlottersHEATERSⅪߜHeating CableⅪߜCartridge & Strip HeatersⅪߜImmersion & Band HeatersⅪߜFlexible HeatersⅪߜLaboratory HeatersENVIRONMENTALMONITORING AND CONTROLⅪߜMetering & Control InstrumentationⅪߜRefractometersⅪߜPumps & TubingⅪߜAir, Soil & Water MonitorsⅪߜIndustrial Water & Wastewater TreatmentⅪߜpH, Conductivity & Dissolved Oxygen Instruments M0012/1100。
欧米伽热电偶
欧米伽热电偶欧米伽热电偶是一种广泛应用于测量温度的仪器。
它非常精确，由于它的设计，它能够记录和传达精确的温度数据，使用者可以根据温度变化更加准确地把握时间节点。
它的历史可以追溯到1896年，当时由美国研究家爱德华古德曼发明。
古德曼受到朋友格莱夫先生的邀请，来他的实验室参与一个细菌实验，以探索细菌如何影响屠宰牛肉转变成牛肉腌渍多久。
他发现，温度升高会加速细菌的生长，所以他用一支可以测量温度的计量来测量这种变化。
为此，他将一支金属的温度计放入一种可变的抵抗物质中，并创造了一种记录温度的装置：欧米伽热电偶。
欧米伽热电偶是一种采用热电效应测量温度的仪器，它的基本结构包括一个用于改变抵抗的变阻器组件，它的表面覆盖着电镀的铂金或白金，以及用于检测变阻器抵抗变化的电路系统。
当温度上升时，变阻器中的抵抗值会增加，从而影响电路系统的输出实现温度测量。
欧米伽热电偶的技术有很多优点，例如，它可以提供卓越的精度，线路结构简单，可以测量低温（低至-200摄氏度），它所耗费的空间很小，使得它能够应用于各种小型系统中，它的耐腐蚀性很强，可以抵抗湿气和酸碱度变化等。
此外，欧米伽热电偶还具有很好的抗干扰能力，具有抗电磁暂态干扰、过压抗扰、超声波抗干扰等功能，其准确率可达到±0.2摄氏度左右。
欧米伽热电偶的应用非常广泛，例如，它可以用于空调、暖气、制冷、热水系统、蒸汽火力发电厂等系统的自动控制，也可以应用于汽车、火电、石化、矿山、电子等领域，以及实验室测量温度等。
随着技术的发展，欧米伽热电偶发展空间也不断拓展，它也可以用于环境监测、机器人定位系统等领域，以显示温度变化，指导未来的发展。
在欧米伽热电偶的应用中，冰点测量是最重要的一个环节。
为此，我们在这里介绍一种改进型欧米伽热电偶，采用“跳开关”的技术，增加了一个新的接点，当物体的温度低于设定值时，会自动触发跳开关，给出相应的控制信号。
由于它更容易控制和更精确，因此它被广泛应用于空调、制冷、暖气、影院、餐厅、车厂等低温系统的自动控制中。
欧米伽热电偶
欧米伽热电偶
欧米伽热电偶是一种能够测量温度的仪器，它能够准确地测量出物体或液体的温度。
这种热电偶的发明有助于提高生产的效率，在化学实验中也有着重要的作用。
本文将对欧米伽热电偶进行深入的介绍。
欧米伽热电偶是一种电阻温度检测器，它由两根不同的导线电阻接头和一个热电偶电阻组成。
当面对温度改变时，热电偶中的两个电阻之间的电势差也会随着温度的变化而变化，从而得到准确的温度测量数据。
欧米伽热电偶的主要优势在于它的快速反应和准确性。
由于热电偶本身可以极快地对温度变化作出反应，因此它可以比其他测量仪器获得更准确的温度测量数据。
此外，欧米伽热电偶还具有较高的灵敏度，可以检测微小温度变化。
欧米伽热电偶的应用非常广泛，它可以用来测量家用电器和工业环境中的温度。
它也可以用于测量建筑物内外的温度，帮助确定建筑物的温度设定和热量负荷分析。
在化学实验中，欧米伽热电偶也能够检测出物体的温度，因此它也被用于确定化学反应的温度和度量物体的热量能力。
此外，欧米伽热电偶还有一些其他的应用，比如用于自动充气系统中对温度的检测，用于食品加工行业中对食品温度的检测，用于医疗行业中对人体温度的检测等。
因此，欧米伽热电偶是一种非常有用的仪器，它能够快速准确地测量温度，广泛应用于不同行业，为企业提供了更高的生产效率和更
精准的实验数据。
美国欧米茄omega热敏电阻元件
D-9珠状热敏电2.4 PFA 护套76.2 (3) 长32号 镀锡铜线珠状热敏电阻直径为2.8 (0.11)。
50.0 (2) 最小值76.2 (3)珠状热敏电阻， 图片为实际尺寸。
珠状热敏电阻，图片为实际尺寸。
32号镀锡铜线U 最高工作温度75°C (165°F)或150°C (300°F)（参见下表） U 可互换性误差为±0.1或±0.2°C （参见下表）电阻和温度特征Steinhart-Hart 方程是一种普遍认可的用于指定热敏电阻的电阻和温度特征的方法。
下面是温度作为电阻的函数的Steinhart-Hart 方程：1⁄T = A + B [Ln(R)] + C [Ln(R)]3其中：A 、B 和C 是从3个温度测试点得到的常数。
R = 热敏电阻的电阻值，单位Ω T = 温度，单位开氏度alpha = ((A-(1/T))/C)beta = SQRT(((B/(3C))3)+(alpha 2/4)) T = 开氏温度 (°C + 273.15)可在表1中找到每个所选热敏电阻的常数A 、B 和C 。
利用这些常数和上面的方程，可根据热敏电阻的电阻值得出其温度，或者得出热敏电阻在某一特定温度时的电阻值。
典型的温度漂移（互换性为±0.2°C 的元件）76.2 (3)D-10D容差曲线热敏电阻传感器的精度容差用温度的百分数表示。
它也称为互换性。
我们列出了我们的热敏电阻的两个基本精度／互换性规格：0 ~ 70°C (32 ~ 158°F)范围内 为±0.10°C 和±0.20°C 。
可在Z-236和Z-237页上找到我们的热敏电阻产品的温度和电阻表。
精度规格±0.1%或0.2%表示，在0 ~ 70°C (32 ~ 158°F)范围内每个热敏电阻的电阻值都在该限值范围内。