T氏法则之Security篇
质控图怎么看
表 7-2-1 Definitions of Tests 1 to 8 ............................................................................................................ 4
图 7-2-1 《休哈特—常规控制图》文件提供的八准则示意图 ................................................................ 4
图 7-1-3 表 7-1-1 图 7-1-4
过程三种不稳定（出控）示意图 .............................................................................................. 3
控制过程分布参数 µ 与σ 变动的 4 种对应状态 ..................................................................... 3 控制过程分布参数 µ 与σ 变动的 4 种对应状态图形 ............................................................. 4
图表目录
图 7-1-1 统计过程控制稳定与不稳定状态示意图 .................................................................................. 2
图 7-1-2 过程三种稳定状态示意图.......................................................................................................... 3
【必用】abc法则讲解（[mustuse]ABCruletoexplain）
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【必用】abc法则讲解（[must use] ABC rule to explain）A: pay attention to the role of AB proper respect for A, allowing A to rely on their expertise and successful experience to help B achieve communication rookieC work, let C explain the A to increase the sense of trust. In the market operation, the company has been introduced to allow affiliate dealers to help A hereA is not just a consultant, it can be a variety of tools, such as company website, system training, certificate, photo, user witness, certification mark, CD and so on.Two: B coordinationB plays a connecting role in the work rule of ABC, which is the most important in the three roles of A, B and C? Many people think that A is the most important role, in fact, the most important of these three characters is the role of B, because theC role did not know the role of A, because he is the introduction of B to A products, the company that is interested in. B mainly through the power of A and C communication, to bear this role, but it is not easy.First of all, B should learn to respect A properly, that is, to rally for A and to make A feel important in the hearts of C [new friends], so that A can work well. Secondly, in the whole process, B must be accompanied by the full name, C, so that it has a sense of security, on the one hand, you can understand the doubleCommunicate with him and learn his expressions and speaking skills from A. [online is a discussion group, three people voice]On the other hand according to the condition of C at a time when he is also asking him questions the meaning generation, to solve C concerns, A immediately know the C problem, can work on the C, through the B response and B in the whole communication process should maintain A work, don't interrupt, kibitz. Do not interfere with the work of A, this time you have to listen carefully, learn to take notes, you know? The C was not interested in, this is because you B do good, B immediately to remind C, listen, this is very important, C will focus on C A, at the same time in the work, an important part of A words, B must learn to nod and agree on performance, in sales, to learn how to do B, with A to help you is a very good way in the development of ABC, B is the real role.Three: how to use the ABC rule?A: first of all, A to understand the C, about the C's occupation, income, and character characteristics, etc., need to do a general understanding.It is important to note that...1.B to be able to appropriately cope with, do not give an irrelevant answer. Through the exchange, let them feel you hit it off, talk very comfortable, let him feel that you are sincere.2. sincere praise. Heartfelt care and admiration, especially for friends from another company.3. schedule. B and C should be the first to a discussion group,A afterB andC chat a few minutes to go, but can not AB two while inside C, if this C that AB two joint design I closed the door, C, if BC is now inside the new friends have a sense of security, this is to learn how to arrange a time to [don't wait for someone else to eat, sleep to praise to the voice,]When the 4. voice typing, B will introduce A C A to introduce some experience in this industry inside with the achievements, B will introduce C, [A] had already been aware of, in the chat after B to help C puts forward some problems, let C understand the time difference, not a long time, A will temporarily leave, let B help C orders concluded, C did not want to go back on the spot registration form, consider, after B will promptly put about C's concerns with problem feedback to A, so that more service.5., after talking about the work is also very important, a: ifC to buy products, B must do a good job of product after-sales service and training.ABC rule tipsA: A cut in the wayThere are many ways to cut in: first, A can chat and cultivate people's relationships, and then find a suitable opportunity to get into the topic. Second, A must know the ultimate purpose,so as to avoid further conversation, A can be cut from family, career, product and idea,From the angle of concern, slowly introduce the theme, A can also be cut from the story, so C easy to accept, A can talk about his heart course, cause C resonance.After talking about the group, B's approach was to chat with C privately, thoughtfully asking C, "what are you interested in about what the teacher just said, and you?" B should pay attention to the C opinion, give the content of C's affirmation, and finish talking, and then talk about your own ideals and ideas.Other matters to note, A to communicate with B mentality, not every communication success, the focus is to B learning mode, even if it is very familiar with friends, must not communicate alone.What is the key to the success of the ABC rule? The success rate is 50% for B, 30% for A, 20% for BThe above are some of the ABC rules, followed by skills and attention. I hope the family will take a good look at it and see how it works。
设计模式面试题
如果多个继承层次的共同行为在在同一个地方编写更好，那么抽象类会是更好的选择。有时候可以在接口里定义函数但是在抽象类里默认功能就能实现接口和抽象类共同工作了。
java设计模式面试题
一、你对 MVC 的理解， MVC 有什么优缺点？结合 Struts ，说明在一个 Web 应用如何去使
Struts 提供了自定义 JSP 标签库，辅助开发者用 JSP 创建交互式的以表单为基础的应用程 序 ，
应用程序资源文件保留了一些文本常量和错误消息，可转变为其它语言，可用于 JSP 中。
Controller ： Struts 提供了一个核心的控制器 ActionServlet ，通过这个核心的控制器来调用其
3 ， Transparent Fail-over( 透明的故障切换 )
4 ， Clustering( 集群 , 用多个小的服务器代替大型机）
5 ， Back-end-Integration( 后端集成，用现有的、新开发的系统如何去集成遗留的系统 )
6 ， T ransaction 事务（全局 / 局部）全局事务（分布式事务）局部事务（在同一数据库联 接
型，将视图层数据，发送给模型层， JavaBean ，分为业务类和数据实体，业务类处理业务 数
据，数据实体，承载数据，基本上大多数的项目都是使用这种 MVC 的实现模式。
StrutsMVC 框架 (Web application frameworks)
Struts 是使用 MVC 的实现模式二来实现的，也就是以控制器为核心。
3、依赖倒转原则（Dependence Inversion Principle）
Springboot集成SpringSecurity实现JWT认证的步骤详解
Springboot集成SpringSecurity实现JWT认证的步骤详解⽬录1 简介2 项⽬整合2.1 JWT整合2.1.1 JWT⼯具类2.1.2 Token处理的Filter2.1.3 JWT属性2.2 Spring Security整合2.2.1 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter配置2.2.2 ⽤户从哪来3 测试4 总结1 简介Spring Security作为成熟且强⼤的安全框架，得到许多⼤⼚的青睐。
⽽作为前后端分离的SSO⽅案，JWT也在许多项⽬中应⽤。
本⽂将介绍如何通过Spring Security实现JWT认证。
⽤户与服务器交互⼤概如下：1. 客户端获取JWT，⼀般通过POST⽅法把⽤户名/密码传给server；2. 服务端接收到客户端的请求后，会检验⽤户名/密码是否正确，如果正确则⽣成JWT并返回；不正确则返回错误；3. 客户端拿到JWT后，在有效期内都可以通过JWT来访问资源了，⼀般把JWT放在请求头；⼀次获取，多次使⽤；4. 服务端校验JWT是否合法，合法则允许客户端正常访问，不合法则返回401。
2 项⽬整合我们把要整合的Spring Security和JWT加⼊到项⽬的依赖中去：<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId><artifactId>jjwt</artifactId><version>0.9.1</version></dependency>2.1 JWT整合2.1.1 JWT⼯具类JWT⼯具类起码要具有以下功能：根据⽤户信息⽣成JWT；校验JWT是否合法，如是否被篡改、是否过期等；从JWT中解析⽤户信息，如⽤户名、权限等；具体代码如下：@Componentpublic class JwtTokenProvider {@Autowired JwtProperties jwtProperties;@Autowiredprivate CustomUserDetailsService userDetailsService;private String secretKey;@PostConstructprotected void init() {secretKey = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(jwtProperties.getSecretKey().getBytes());}public String createToken(String username, List<String> roles) {Claims claims = Jwts.claims().setSubject(username);claims.put("roles", roles);Date now = new Date();Date validity = new Date(now.getTime() + jwtProperties.getValidityInMs());return Jwts.builder()//.setClaims(claims)//.setIssuedAt(now)//.setExpiration(validity)//.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, secretKey)//.compact();}public Authentication getAuthentication(String token) {UserDetails userDetails = erDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(getUsername(token));return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, "", userDetails.getAuthorities());}public String getUsername(String token) {return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secretKey).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody().getSubject();}public String resolveToken(HttpServletRequest req) {String bearerToken = req.getHeader("Authorization");if (bearerToken != null && bearerToken.startsWith("Bearer ")) {return bearerToken.substring(7);}return null;}public boolean validateToken(String token) {try {Jws<Claims> claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secretKey).parseClaimsJws(token);if (claims.getBody().getExpiration().before(new Date())) {}return true;} catch (JwtException | IllegalArgumentException e) {throw new InvalidJwtAuthenticationException("Expired or invalid JWT token");}}}⼯具类还实现了另⼀个功能：从HTTP请求头中获取JWT。
企业管理黄金定律
企業管理黃金定律(轉載)值得分享企管黃金定律1、素養●藍斯登原則：在你往上爬的時候，一定要保持梯子的整潔，否則你下來時可能會滑倒。
提出者：美國管理學家藍斯登。
點評：進退有度，才不至進退維谷；寵辱皆忘，方可以寵辱不驚。
●盧維斯定理：謙虛不是把自己想得很糟，而是完全不想自己。
提出者：美國心理學家h.盧維斯。
點評：如果把自己想得太好，就很容易將別人想得很糟。
●托利得定理：測驗一個人的智力是否屬於上乘，只看腦子裏能否同時容納兩種相反的思想而無礙於其處世行事。
提出者：法國社會心理學家h.m.托利得。
點評：思可相反，得須相成。
2、統禦●刺蝟理論：刺蝟在天冷時彼此*攏取暖，但保持一定距離，以免互相刺傷。
點評：保持親密的重要方法，乃是保持適當的距離。
●鰷魚效應：鰷魚因個體弱小而常常群居，並以強健者為自然首領。
將這條首領鰷魚腦後控制行為的部分割除後，此魚便失去自製力，行動也發生紊亂，但其他鰷魚卻仍像從前一樣盲目追隨。
提出者：德國動物學家霍斯特。
點評：1、下屬的悲劇總是領導一手造成的。
2、下屬覺得最沒勁的事，是他們跟著一位最差勁的領導。
●雷鮑夫法則：在你著手建立合作和信任時要牢記我們語言中：1、最重要的八個字是：我承認我犯過錯誤。
2、最重要的七個字是：你幹了一件好事！3、最重要的六個字是：你的看法如何？4、最重要的五個字是：咱們一起幹！5、最重要的四個字是：不妨試試！6、最重要的三個字是：謝謝您！7、最重要的兩個字是：咱們。
8、最重要的一個字是：您。
提出者：美國管理學家雷鮑夫。
點評：記住經常使用，它會讓你事半功倍。
●洛伯ɡ恚憾雜諞桓鼉 砣死此擔 钜 艫牟皇悄閽誄∈鋇那榭觶 悄悴輝誄∈狽⑸ 聳裁礎?br> 提出者：美國管理學家r.洛伯。
點評：如果只想讓下屬聽你的，那麼當你不在身邊時他們就不知道應該聽誰的了。
3、溝通●斯坦納定理：在哪里說得愈少，在那裏聽到的就愈多。
提出者：美國心理學家s.t.斯坦納。
點評：只有很好聽取別人的，才能更好說出自己的。
英语单词精解系列[高中外研选修7单元5]第三十一篇
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英语单词精解系列[高中外研选修7单元5]第三十一篇firm音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[fɜːm] 美[fɝm]附加_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [ 比较级firmer 最高级firmest ]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adj. 坚定的；牢固的；严格的；结实的vt. 使坚定；使牢固vi. 变坚实；变稳固adv. 稳固地n. 公司；商号短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The Firm:糖衣陷阱;黑色豪门企业;律师事务所;足球流氓brokerage firm:经济商行;经纪行;经纪商;经纪公司Multinational firm:跨国公司;多国商号;多国公司;跨邦公司firm quotation:实价;实盘Collective firm:合作企业specialist firm:专业公司distribution firm:流通企业CPA firm:注册公共会计师事务所;会计师事务所;审计经理;助理经理Firm commitment:坚定承诺;包销;坚定承担;包销承诺例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-COUNT A firm is an organization which sells or produces something or which provides a service which people pay for. 公司2.ADJ If something is firm , it does not change much in shape when it is pressed but is not completely hard. 结实的3.ADJ If someone’s grip is firm or if they perform a physical action in a firm way, they do it with quite a lot of force or pressure but also in a controlled way. 强有力的4.firmly ADV 强有力地[ADV after v]5.ADJ If you describe someone as firm , you mean they behave in a way that shows that they are not going to change their mind, or that they are the person who is in control. 坚定的6.firmly ADV 坚定地[ADV with v]7.ADJ A firm decision or opinion is definite and unlikely to change. 确定的8.firmly ADV 确定地9.ADJ Firm evidence or information is based on facts and so is likely to be true. 确凿的; 确切的[ADJ n]10.ADJ You use firm to describe control or a basis or position when it is strong and unlikely to be ended or removed. (控制) 牢固的; (根基等) 稳固的11.firmly ADV 牢固地; 稳固地12.ADJ If something is firm , it does not shake or move when you put weight or pressure on it, because it is strongly made or securely fastened. 稳固的13.firmly ADV 稳固地14.PHRASE If someone stands firm , they refuse to change their mind about something. 立场坚定15.V to make or become firm 使坚固; 确实cobbled释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adj. 铺有鹅卵石的v. 铺鹅卵石（cobbled的过去式和过去分词）短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cobbled road:圆石子路;石子路cobbled face:丘状表面cobbled roadway:鹅卵石路the cobbled roadway:鹅卵石路a cobbled street:鹅卵石铺的街a cobbled stone:用大卵石铺成的街道例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.ADJ A cobbled street has a surface made of cobblestones. 铺着鹅卵石的[usu ADJ n]opera音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[’ɒp(ə)rə] 美[’ɑprə]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 歌剧；歌剧院；歌剧团n. (Opera)人名；(意)奥佩拉短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Beijing opera:京剧;京戏;国粹京剧Chinese opera:中国戏剧;中国戏曲;戏曲艺术grand opera:歌剧节;歌剧剧团;一般指没有说白Italian opera:意大利歌剧Chuan Opera:川剧model opera:样板戏;翰;翤;羡comic opera:喜歌剧;喜剧的别称;轻歌剧Opera Comique:喜歌剧;法国喜剧歌剧;喜歌剧院;歌剧院THE OPERA:歌剧院;大剧院;看京剧;歌剧之夜例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.N-VAR An opera is a play with music in which all the words are sung. 歌剧2.→ see also soap opera3.Opera is an alternative plural of . (opus)的两种复数形式之一rainforest释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. （热带）雨林短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Temperate Rainforest:温带雨林Rainforest Blue:燕山蓝Rainforest Butterflies:热带雨林蝴蝶;寒带雨林蝴蝶rainforest ingredients:雨林成分KURANDA RAINFOREST:库兰达热带雨林;库兰达雨林The Rainforest:雨林阁;杨姗姗Rainforest Habitat:雨林栖息地;热带雨林基地Rainforest Caf:雨林咖啡馆;热带雨林咖啡厅native音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[’neɪtɪv] 美[’netɪv]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adj. 本国的；土著的；天然的；与生俱来的；天赋的n. 本地人；土产；当地居民短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ native state:天然状态;自然态;天然态;印度从前的领土区划Native Code:本地代码;原生码;本机代码;原生代码native speaker:说本族语的人;以英语为母语的人;母语者native copper:自然铜;天然铜native land:故土;本乡本土native drug:地产药材native knowledge:本土知识;乡土知识Native Earth:圣灵大地;原生大地;播放原生大地Cloud Native:原生云例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.ADJ Your native country or area is the country or area where you were born and brought up. 出生并从小长大的(国家或地方) [ADJ n]2.N-COUNT A native of a particular country or region is someone who was born in that country or region. 本国人; 本地人3.ADJ Native is also an adjective. 本国的; 本地的[ADJ n]4.N-COUNT Some European people use native to refer to a person living in a non-Western country who belongs to the race or tribe that the majority of people there belong to. This use could cause offence. 土著5.ADJ Native is also an adjective. 土著的[ADJ n]6.ADJ Your native language or tongue is the first language that you learned to speak when you were a child. 第一(语言) [ADJ n]7.ADJ Plants or animals that are native to a particular region live or grow there naturally and were not brought there. 当地土生的(动、植物) [ADJ n, v-link ADJ ’to’ n]8.N-COUNT Native is also a noun. 土生动植物jungle音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[’dʒʌŋg(ə)l] 美[’dʒʌŋɡl]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 丛林，密林；危险地带adj. 丛林的；蛮荒的短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ jungle crow:大嘴乌鸦;巨嘴鸦Jungle Brothers:丛林兄弟;森林兄弟;表演者Jungle Jap:日本丛林;日本人;日本森林;丛林中的日本人Jungle Heart:丛林之心;林心;丛林中心Jungle Juice:逃亡二人组;丛林果汁;及酒瓶;庆功酒jungle law:丛林法则;弱肉强食的原则;弱肉强食原则;弱肉强食法则Jungle Mission:丛林任务;丛林使命;丛林任务汉化版;丛林的使命Neon Jungle:英国四人女子组合;李肖恩Jungle Magic:深林魔法;森林魔法方块;魔法对对碰例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-VAR A jungle is a forest in a tropical country where large numbers of tall trees and plants grow very close together. 丛林2.N-SING If you describe a place as a jungle , you are emphasizing that it is full of lots of things and very messy.杂乱之地[强调]3.N-SING If you describe a situation as a jungle , you dislike it because it is complicated and difficult to get what you want from it. 一团糟[表不满]waist音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[weɪst] 美[west]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 腰，腰部短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ waist line:腰节;腰线;腰围线;前腰围线WAIST WIDTH:腰阔;板腰宽度;裤头阔;腰围waist circumference:腰围;腰围指标;实用的指标是腰围;探讨腰围Low waist:低腰;低腰款;低腰裤型;低腰身waist drum:腰鼓;细腰鼓waist deck:舯部上甲板;船中部甲板;中部上甲板;Waist strain:船中部上甲板wasp waist:腰部劳损Thick Waist:蜂腰例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-COUNT Your waist is the middle part of your body where it narrows slightly above your hips. 腰部2.N-COUNT The waist of a garment such as a dress, coat, or pair of trousers is the part of it which covers the middle part of your body. (衣服的) 腰部pineapple音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[’paɪnæp(ə)l] 美[’paɪn’æpl]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. [园艺] 菠萝；[园艺] 凤梨adj. 凤梨科的短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pineapple bun:菠萝油pineapple jelly:菠萝冻;凤梨冻;波罗冻pineapple cake:菠萝酥;菠萝蛋糕;菠萝糕Pineapple Snow:凤梨雪泡;菠萝雪;雪梨雪泡pineapple pie:菠萝派;菠罗派;凤梨酥Malibu Pineapple:马利宾菠萝汁;马利宾凤梨汁Canned pineapple:菠萝罐头;凤梨罐头pineapple cloth:菠萝纤维织物;亚麻布手帕Fried pineapple:炸菠萝例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-VAR A pineapple is a large oval fruit that grows in hot countries. It is sweet, juicy, and yellow inside. It has a thick brownish skin. 菠萝bare音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[beə] 美[bɛr]附加_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [ 比较级barer 最高级barest 过去式bared 过去分词bared 现在分词baring ] 释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adj. 空的；赤裸的，无遮蔽的vt. 露出，使赤裸n. (Bare)人名；(英)贝尔短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lay bare:揭露;暴露;揭穿;公开bare rock:明礁;bare feet:裸礁石;徒手攀岩bare patch:赤脚;光脚;光着脚bare hull:秃块Bare reactor:裸船壳;裸船体;光船;光船体Boldy Bare:裸堆;裸反应堆;裸反应器例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.ADJ If a part of your body is bare , it is not covered by any clothing. 赤裸的2.ADJ A bare surface is not covered or decorated with anything. 无遮盖的; 无装饰的3.ADJ If a tree or a branch is bare , it has no leaves on it. (树或树枝) 没有树叶的4.ADJ If a room, cupboard, or shelf is bare , it is empty. 空的5.ADJ An area of ground that is bare has no plants growing on it. (土地) 光秃的6.ADJ If someone gives you the bare facts or the barest details of something, they tell you only the most basic and important things. 最简要的[det ADJ n]7.ADJ If you talk about the bare minimum or the bare essentials, you mean the very least that is necessary. 基本的[det ADJ n]8.ADJ Bare is used in front of an amount to emphasize how small it is. 仅仅的[’a’ ADJ amount] [强调]9.V-T If you bare something, you uncover it and show it. 使露出[书面]10.PHRASE If someone does something with their bare hands , they do it without using any weapons or tools. 徒手11.bare bones →see bonehammer音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[’hæmə] 美[’hæmɚ]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 锤子；链球；击锤；锤骨；音槌；沉重打击v. 锤击；反复敲打；击球；轻松击溃；灌输；（非正式）严厉批评；（股票交易）宣布（某人或公司）无力偿债n. (Hammer) （美、德、挪、奥、俄、丹、加、巴）阿梅（人名）短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hammer throw:链球;丢链球;掷链球;铅球meteor hammer:流星锤;流星锤骑兵Hammer Hill:斧山Sledge hammer:大锤;大榔头;幽默警探drop hammer:落锤;锻锤;打桩机;单作用锤rotary hammer:电锤;角向磨光机;电镐;及旋转锤钻Hammer Toe:锤状趾;趾上弓;锤状趾英语pneumatic hammer:气锤;Ice hammer:空气锤;例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-COUNT A hammer is a tool that consists of a heavy piece of metal at the end of a handle. It is used, for example, to hit nails into a piece of wood or a wall, or to break things into pieces. 锤子2.V-T If you hammer an object such as a nail, you hit it with a hammer. 用锤击3.V-I If you hammer on a surface, you hit it several times in order to make a noise, or to emphasize something you are saying when you are angry. 砰砰敲击4.V-T/V-I If you hammer something such as an idea into people or you hammer at it, you keep repeating it forcefully so that it will have an effect on people. 把…灌输给…5.V-T If you say that someone hammers another person, you mean that they attack, criticize, or punish the other person severely. 猛烈攻击; 严厉批评; 严厉惩罚6.V-T In sports, if you say that one player or team hammered another, you mean that the first player or team defeated the second completely and easily. (在体育比赛中) 轻松击溃7.N-COUNT In track and field, a hammer is a heavy weight on a piece of wire, which the athlete throws as far as possible. 链球8.N-SING The hammer also refers to the sport of throwing the hammer. 链球运动9.PHRASE If you say that someone was going at something hammer and tongs , you mean that they were doing it with great enthusiasm or energy. 劲头十足地maze音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[meɪz] 美[mez]附加_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [ 过去式mazed 过去分词mazed 现在分词mazing ]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 迷宫；迷惑；糊涂vt. 迷失；使混乱；使困惑n. (Maze)人名；(英)梅兹；(法)马兹短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Magic Maze:魔法迷宫SUPER MAZE:超级迷宫Marble Maze:大理石迷宫;重力钢珠迷宫;大理石迷宫滚球;高难度迷宫冒险Neon Maze:霓虹球迷宫;幻彩迷宫;霓虹迷宫;霓虹吃豆人Mirror Maze:镜子迷宫;哈哈镜园;镜之迷宫;镜中迷宫Maze Game:迷宫游戏;走迷宫游戏Evil Maze:恶魔迷宫Maze Song:迷宫组曲;机车大赛body maze:身体迷津例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-COUNT A maze is a complex system of passages or paths between walls or hedges and is designed to confuse people who try to find their way through it, often as a form of amusement. 迷宫2.N-COUNT A maze of streets, rooms, or tunnels is a large number of them that are connected in a complicated way, so that it is difficult to find your way through them. 曲径3.N-COUNT You can refer to a set of ideas, topics, or rules as a maze when a large number of them are related to each other in a complicated way that makes them difficult to understand. 错综复杂teapot音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[’tiːpɒt] 美[’ti’pɑt]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 茶壶小题大做短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ little teapot:小茶壶;儿歌小茶壶Operation Teapot:核试爆silver teapot:银茶壶enamel teapot:搪瓷水壶Pottery Teapot:茶壶a teapot:一个茶壶Glass Teapot:玻璃茶壶Yixing teapot:紫砂茗壶nice teapot:好看的茶壶例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-COUNT A teapot is a container with a lid, a handle, and a spout, used for making and serving tea. 茶壶2.PHRASE If you describe a situation as a tempest in a teapot , you think that a lot of fuss is being made about something that is not important. 小题大做[美国英语] [PHR after v, v-link PHR]rainbow音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[’reɪnbəʊ] 美[’renbo]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 彩虹；五彩缤纷的排列；幻想adj. 五彩缤纷的；彩虹状的vt. 使呈彩虹状；如彩虹般装饰vi. 呈彩虹状n. (Rainbow)人名；(英)雷恩博短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ rainbow trout:虹鳟鱼;彩虹鳟鱼;彩虹鳟The Rainbow:彩虹;年;第二十九章Rainbow Lorikeet:虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉;彩虹吸蜜鹦鹉;彩虹鹦鹉Rainbow Books:彩虹书;称为彩皮书标准Rainbow Warrior:彩虹勇士号;彩虹勇士;水雾Rainbow Sea:星游记;星逛记Rainbow Eyes:假面;片;彩虹的眼睛RAINBOW GROUP:彩虹集团;彩虹团体例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-COUNT A rainbow is an arch of different colours that you can sometimes see in the sky when it is raining.彩虹fold音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[fəʊld] 美[fold]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ v. 折叠；可折叠；包；倒闭，停业；结束；把……调入；拥抱；突然不在状态；将牌面朝下表示放弃一盘n. 褶层；褶痕；羊圈；（地壳岩石层的）褶皱；山坳；折起的纸（或布）短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ accordion fold:手风琴式折纸法;棱角褶皱;带束叠装;手风琴状褶皱Fold Marks:褶痕fold domain:折叠微区;折叠区域;翻译open fold:敞开褶皱;开褶皱;宽展褶皱;敞开褶曲symmetrical fold:对称褶皱;overturned fold:对称褶曲box fold:倒转褶皱;倒转褶曲;曰转倒褶曲inclined fold:箱状褶皱;箱式褶皱;箱形褶皱plunging fold:倾斜褶皱;歪斜褶皱;斜歪褶皱;斜褶皱例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.V-T If you fold something such as a piece of paper or cloth, you bend it so that one part covers another part, often pressing the edge so that it stays in place. 折叠2.V-T/V-I If a piece of furniture or equipment folds or if you can fold it, you can make it smaller by bending or closing parts of it. 翻折3.PHRASAL VERB Fold up means the same as . fold up同fold4.V-T If you fold your arms or hands, you bring them together and cross or link them, for example, over your chest. 交叠(双臂或双手)5.V to mix (a whisked mixture) with other ingredients by gently turning one part over the other with a spoon (将被搅拌过的混合物)拌入(Also fold in)6.N-COUNT A fold in a piece of paper or cloth is a bend that you make in it when you put one part of it over another part and press the edge. 折痕7.N-COUNT The folds in a piece of cloth are the curved shapes which are formed when it is not hanging or lying flat. 褶皱8.N a small enclosure or pen for sheep or other livestock, where they can be gathered (圈养羊等其他家畜的)小围栏9.N the sheep or other livestock gathered in such an enclosure (羊等其他家畜)聚集于小围栏里10.N a flock of sheep 羊群11.N a herd of Highland cattle 一群高地牛群12.N a church or the members of it 一个教会; 教会成员apparently音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[ə’pærəntlɪ] 美[ə’pærəntli]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adv. 显然地；似乎，表面上短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Apparently obviously:明显地apparently drowned:溺水假死Apparently y:一词在句中可放在不同的位置;显然地Apparently Undaunted:显然无所畏惧reach apparently:明显地达到plug apparently:明显地堵住lace apparently:明显地系上aim apparently:明显地以Apparently Their:显然他们例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.ADV You use apparently to indicate that the information you are giving is something that you have heard, but you are not certain that it is true. 据说[含糊]2.ADV You use apparently to refer to something that seems to be true, although you are not sure whether it is or not. 貌似地chick音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[tʃɪk] 美[tʃɪk]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 小鸡；小鸟；少妇adj. 胆小的；懦弱的n. (Chick)人名；(英)奇克短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Chick Corea:奇克·柯瑞亚;奇克柯瑞亚;柯瑞亚;考瑞阿Anne Chick:安妮·切克Chick Fit:窈窕淑女chick incubator:小鸡孵箱;详细翻译Chick Magnet:小鸡磁铁;少女杀手Chick Rush:小鸡冲冲冲;小鸡拉什;小鸡快跑chick grower:中雏料;饲养者;种植者;详细翻译SIDE CHICK:打发时间a chick:小鸡;雏鸡例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-COUNT A chick is a baby bird. 雏鸟2.N-COUNT Some men refer to women as chicks . This use could cause offence. 妞(这一称谓可能引起冒犯) [非正式]garment音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[’gɑːm(ə)nt] 美[’gɑrmənt]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 衣服，服装；外表，外观vt. 给…穿衣服n. (Garment)人名；(英)加门特短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ GARMENT DYE:成衣染色;件染;裁缝染色;服装染料silk garment:丝绸服装;丝绸衣服;绸衣;丝织品服装FUR GARMENT:裘皮服装;毛皮服装;皮衣;皮衣之类的御寒衣服garment leather:衣服革;服装革;服装用皮革;皮革类英语Garment grips:衣架座Garment Accessory:服装辅料;服饰配件;衣服附件;服装配件leather garment:皮衣;皮革服装;皮西服;皮革服饰batik garment:蜡染服装morning garment:晨衣例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-COUNT A garment is a piece of clothing; used especially in contexts where you are talking about the manufacture or sale of clothes. 衣服(尤用于衣服生产和销售的领域)rooster音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[’ruːstə] 美[’rustɚ]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 公鸡；狂妄自负的人短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Red Rooster:红公鸡;雷德鲁斯特;红公鸡餐厅;瑞德路斯特Little Rooster:小公鸡;小雄鸡;这款私密处闹钟Magic Rooster:魔法公鸡Rooster Shooter:金鸡射击Rooster City:公鸡城rooster r:公鸡;雄禽;狂妄自负的人Rooster Rumble:公鸡大乱斗;超级战斗鸡A Rooster:公鸡例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.N-COUNT A rooster is an adult male chicken. 公鸡[美国英语]sleeve音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[sliːv] 美[sliv]附加_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [ 过去式sleeved 过去分词sleeved 现在分词sleeving ]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. [机] 套筒，[机] 套管；袖子，[服装] 袖套vt. 给……装袖子；给……装套筒短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TOP SLEEVE:大袖;面袖;年夜袖;大片袖long sleeve:长袖;长袖小衫;全长袖;长袖连衣裙sleeve button:袖扣;袖口纽扣insulated sleeve:绝缘套管sleeve cock:衬套旋塞sleeve vent:袖叉;袖衩sleeve nut:筒套螺母;bishop sleeve:套筒螺母;轴套螺母sleeve coupling:泡泡袖;主教袖;灯笼袖;紧口大袖例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-COUNT The sleeves of a coat, shirt, or other item of clothing are the parts that cover your arms. 袖子2.N-COUNT A record sleeve is the stiff cover in which a record is kept. (唱片的) 套子[英国英语]3.PHRASE If you have something up your sleeve , you have an idea or plan which you have not told anyone about. You can also say that someone has an ace, card, or trick up their sleeve . 有锦囊妙计; 对…胸有成竹</p>ethnic音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[’eθnɪk] 美[’ɛθnɪk]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adj. 种族的；人种的短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ethnic Germans:德意志族Ethnic Fushion:民族混合;族混淆;详细翻译ethnic drug:民族药ethnic purity:种族纯化ethnic unity:民族团结Ethnic Boundary:族群边界;族群界限;群界线;民族边界Ethnic dance:民族舞;民族舞蹈Ethnic Flute:人声长笛;民族长笛;详细翻译ethnic area:种族区;详细翻译例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.ADJ Ethnic means connected with or relating to different racial or cultural groups of people. 种族的2.ethnically ADV 种族上地3.ADJ You can use ethnic to describe people who belong to a particular racial or cultural group but who, usually, do not live in the country where most members of that group live. 少数民族的[ADJ n]4.ethnically ADV 少数民族地[ADV adj]5.ADJ Ethnic clothing, music, or food is characteristic of the traditions of a particular ethnic group, and different from what is usually found in modern Western culture. 具有民族特色的hieroglyphic音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[haɪrə’glɪfɪk] 美[,haɪərə’glɪfɪk]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 象形文字；象形文字写的文章adj. 象形文字的；难解的短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hieroglyphic script:象形文字hieroglyphic factor:象形因素hieroglyphic writting:描摹实物形状的文字hieroglyphic texture:象形文字结构Hieroglyphic writing:象形文字Egypt Hieroglyphic:埃及象形文字hieroglyphic stairway:象形文字梯道hieroglyphic characters:象形文字Hieroglyphic Dictionary:象形文辞典例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.ADJ of or relating to a form of writing using picture symbols, esp as used in ancient Egypt (尤指古埃及的)象形文字的2.N a picture or symbol representing an object, concept, or sound 象形文字fish音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[fɪʃ] 美[fɪʃ]附加_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [ 复数fish或fishes 过去式fished 过去分词fished 现在分词fishing ]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 鱼；鱼肉；双鱼座；接合板；（非正式）怪人；（非正式）鱼雷v. 钓鱼，捕鱼；搜寻；打听消息；打捞；用接合板修补n. (Fish) （美、爱）菲施（人名）短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Fish Leong:梁静茹;梁静如;英文名;梁静茹演唱表演Salted fish:咸鱼;腌鱼;腌制鱼;盐腌的鱼dried fish:鱼干;文昌鱼干;干鱼粉;干鱼Rumble Fish:斗鱼;谭咏麟;雷鸣小子;崔真伊Hamilton Fish:汉密尔顿·菲什;汉密尔顿菲什fish slice:鱼片;煎鱼用铲;煎鱼锅铲;煎鱼铲Fish market:鱼市场;鱼市;悉尼鱼市场;海鲜市场Fish Tales:食鱼传说;大鱼吃小鱼;小鱼生存战;吞食鱼升级版Fish culture:鱼类养殖;渔业;养鱼例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-COUNT A fish is a creature that lives in water and has a tail and fins. There are many different kinds of fish.鱼2.N-UNCOUNT Fish is the flesh of a fish eaten as food. 鱼肉3.V-I If you fish , you try to catch fish, either for food or as a form of sport or recreation. 钓鱼4.V-I If you say that someone is fishing for information or praise, you disapprove of the fact that they are trying to get it from someone in an indirect way. 拐弯抹角地获取[表不满]5.→ see also fishingspade音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 英[speɪd] 美[sped]附加_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [ 过去式spaded 过去分词spaded 现在分词spading ]释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 铁锹，铲子vt. 铲；把……弄实抹平vi. 铲n. (Spade)人名；(英)斯佩德；(法)斯帕德短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kate spade:凯特·丝蓓;凯特丝蓓;凯特;丝蓓spade bit:铲形钻头;电钻;木工扁钻;铲形钻斗spade vibrator:铲式振动器;铲工振动器powered spade:机铲flat spade:扁铲Andy Spade:斯派德;企业董事长spade fluke:铲形锚爪spade anchor:铲形爪锚gouge spade:半圆凿例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-COUNT A spade is a tool used for digging, with a flat metal blade and a long handle. 锹2.N-UNCOUNT-COLL Spades is one of the four suits in a deck of playing cards. Each card in the suit is marked with one or more black symbols: ♠. (扑克牌中的) 黑桃3.N-COUNT A spade is a playing card of this suit. 黑桃牌4.V to use a spade on 用锹jewellery释义_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n. 珠宝（等于jewelry）短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ jewellery boxes:珠宝盒;珠宝包装盒jewellery bag:首饰包;首饰袋hardstone jewellery:玉石首饰Jewellery appraisal:珠宝估价;珍宝估价Contemporary Jewellery:当代首饰;当代首饰设计GOV jewellery:引之企业社Fruity jewellery:水果首饰DONGXIANG JEWELLERY:东祥金店例句_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.N-UNCOUNT Jewellery is ornaments that people wear, such as rings, bracelets, and necklaces. It is often made of a valuable metal such as gold, and sometimes decorated with precious stones. 珠宝首饰。
独立宣言_中英文版
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCESecond Draft In Congress, July 4, 1776, THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICAWhen in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dis solve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume amo ng the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Natu re and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind req uires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Li fe, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of Governmen t becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolis h it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and org anizing its powers in such form, as to the m shall seem most likely to effect their Saf ety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established sho uld not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath s hown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to rig ht themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.Such has bee n the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constr ains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let F acts be submitted to a candid world.He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the pu blic good.He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importanc e, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of peo ple, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and dist ant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmne ss his invasions on the rights of the people.He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elec ted; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the Pe ople at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all t he dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose ob structing the Laws of Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our People, and eat out their substance.He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the civil po wer.He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitu tion, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Leg islation:For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which the y should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighboring Province, establishi ng therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fund amentally the forms of our Governments:For suspending our own Legislatures and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and wagi ng War against us.He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed th e Lives of our people.He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Ar ms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of w arfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most h umble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Pr ince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned t hem from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable juri sdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we ha ve conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have bee n deaf t o the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Con gress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of ou r intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they h ave full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our s acred Honor.美国独立宣言第二稿大陆会议（一七七六年七月四日）美利坚合众国十三个州一致通过的独立宣言在有关人类事务的发展过程中，当一个民族必须解除其和另一个民族之间的政治联系并在世界各国之间依照自然法则和上帝的意旨，接受独立和平等的地位时，出于对人类舆论的尊重，必须把他们不得不独立的原因予以宣布。
跨文化交际之颜色篇
西方文化中颜色的象征意义往往比拟直接，一般是用客观事物的具体颜色来象征某些抽象的文化含义，所以更易追溯其语义理据和逻辑理据。
例如：西方文化中的红色〔red〕主要指鲜血〔blood〕颜色，而blood在西方人心目中是奔腾在人体内的"生命之液"。
一旦鲜血流淌下来，生命之花也就凋谢。
所以red使西方人联想到"暴力"和"危险"产生了一种颜色禁忌。
美国学者阿思海姆在他的?色彩论?中说："色彩能有力的表达情感。
……红色被认为是令人冲动的，因为它能使我们想到火、血和革命的含义。
1、红色红色是我国文化中的根本崇尚色，它表达了中国人在精神和物质上的追求。
它象征着桔祥、喜庆，如把促成他人美好婚姻的人叫"红娘"，喜庆日子要挂大红灯笼、贴红对联、红福字；男娶女嫁时贴大红"喜"字，把热闹、兴旺叫做"红火"；形容繁华、热闹的地方叫"红尘"；它又象征革命和进步，如中共最初的政权叫“红色政权〞，最早的武装叫“红军〞，把政治上要求进步、业务上刻苦钻研的人称为“又红又专〞等；它也象征顺利、成功，如人的境遇很好被称为"走红"、"红极一时"，得到上司宠信的叫"红人"，分到合伙经营利润叫"分红"，给人发奖金叫"送红包"等；它还象征美丽、漂亮，如指女子盛妆为"红妆"或"红装" ，把艳妆女子称为"红袖"，指女子美艳的容颜为"红颜"等。
西方文化中的红色〔red〕那么是一个贬意相当强的词，是"火"、"血"的联想，它象征着残暴、流血，如〔1〕The red rules oftooth and claw残杀和暴力统治，〔2〕red revenge 血腥复仇，〔3〕ared battle血战；它又象征激进、暴力革命，如〔1〕red hotpolitical campaign剧烈的政治运动，〔2〕a red revolution 赤色革命，〔3〕red activities左派激进活动?凰蚕笳魑Ｏ铡⒔粽牛纾?1〕red alert空袭报警，〔2〕a red adventure story 一个令人紧X的冒险故事，〔3〕a red flag危险信号旗；它还象征着放纵、淫秽，如〔 1〕a red waste of his youth他那因放纵而浪费的青春，〔2〕ared light district花街柳巷〔红灯区〕，〔 3〕Is she really sored as she is painted？难到她真的象人们所描绘的那样放纵吗？至于红色的褒义，如red—letter day喜庆的日子，the red carpet隆重的接待等，那么得益于不同文化之间的交流和融合。
The Art of War.ppt
About Sun Tzu’s thought
• Championed支持the bloodless victory
– “One hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the most skillful. Seizing the enemy without fighting is the most skillful.”
1990年出席北京亚运会，为改善中越关系做
了不懈努力。
道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟（Douglas MacArthur，1880.01.26～ 1964.04.05），美国著名军事家，五星上将军衔。第二次世界大 战时期历任美国远东军司令，西南太平洋战区盟军司令；战后出 任驻日盟军最高司令和“联合国军”总司令等职。他因在菲律宾 战役中的表现获颁荣誉勋章，他和父亲小阿瑟·麦克阿瑟是史上 第一对同时获得荣誉勋章的父子。
《毛泽东的人民战争的战略战术》)
创造和运用适应于打人民战争的灵活机动的战略、战术。战略上 要藐视敌人，战术上要重视敌人。这是毛泽东指导革命和人民战 争的一个基本的战略、策略原则。
Mao Zedong
他指出，从本质上、长期上、战略上看，必 须把帝国主义和一切反动派都看成纸老虎， 以此建立我们的战略思想，指导军民树立敢 打、必胜的信念，采用“以一当十”的法则， 同敌人作长期、坚决的斗争。另一方面，又 要把敌人看成是铁的、真的、会吃人的老虎。 从这点上建立我们的策略思想和战术思想， 采用“以十当一”的法则和各个击破的政策， 一口一口地吃掉敌人，最终战胜敌人。这一 法则，指导中国军民打败了国内外的强敌， 夺取了一个又一个胜利，创造了中国人民革 命战争史上的奇观。
Influences of The Art of War
安全作文之安全隐患英语作文
安全隐患英语作文【篇一：校园安全英语作文】security issue may sound cliche, but when it comes to the campus security, we have to take it seriously. for a time, nearly everyday there were reports on campus security all around the country. in such circumstances, some measures must be taken to safeguard the campus, such as giving presentations, complete safeguard system and renovate the environment around the campus. firstly, cathedra about the security of information is an important step to the campus security. on 14 november 2008, 4 girls died in a big fire in shanghai business school. because of the unawareness of the inflammable and lacking of fire knowledge, young girls lost their lives with great pity. when i was in high school, there would be a cathedral about the security of information every year. things about what to do when comes across threaten, basic knowledge and awareness on security issues improved my security awareness much. more cathedral about the security of information to improve the students awareness plays an important role in campus safety.secondly, to set up better security and protection system helps decline the possibility of schoolyard thinjure accident. on 12 may 2010, a 48 years man zheng huanming intruded shaanxi south zheng kindergarten with a kitchen knife, killed 7children and 2 adults. incomplete security and protection system took most responsibility to this tragedy.a serious of tragedies this year make the government bring to the attention to the campus security. first step to deal with this problem is to strengthen the security guard force by asking for more security personnels in each school. see if there are enough guards to prevent zheng, how would the tragedy happen?more security guards will make campus safer and it is another way to campus safety. thirdly, renovate the campus arounding environment and forbid the unknown people entering the campus do help to the campus safety.on 23th march 2010, a man named zheng mingsheng entered the fujian primary school and killed 8students. the allowance of entering without asking the visitors for the identification is the first faultto cause this tragey. pay attention to the environment and clear up the unsafe factors make some effort to the campus safety. meanwhile , to forbid the unknown people entering the campus can prevent the thtragedy on the first step.campus safety is serious. these tragedies bring much sorrow to people. however, if the school gives more cathedra about the security of information ,set up better security and protection system ,renovate the campus arounding environment and forbid the unknown people entering the campus will decline the possibility of campus injury to the lowest.there has been a worrying phenomenon recently that campus security has become a public concern .more and more campus security accidents broke out frequently. the issue of security on campus in being discussed quite often.the campus security exerts tremendous influence on the students. with good security,students can live comfortable lives and attend their class without any anxiety, in which case, they can be brought up mentally and physically healthy.on contrast, under the poor security, the quiet environment of study are broken. it would make students live in fear and worry about their own safety, they couldn’t study by hea rt.what measures should be taken to improve the campus security? firstly, we should strengthen everyone’s security awareness,letting the students know what is wrong and what is right..secondly,schools should organize emergency drills regularly. personally, campus security is so important that we should work hard to create a harmonious environment for children. only by taking preventive measures can we ensure school safety.campus security1. 近年来，大学校园安全问题频发；2. 象牙塔如何能给学生一个安全健康的学习环境？【范文】according to recent reports, an increasing number of crimes have taken place on campus. universities around the world are facing security problems such as theft, fraud, violence, sexual harassment, fire disaster and traffic accident etc., whichseriously affect students school lives and make students live in fear.with our endeavor, campus security will be improved greatly, and universities will be holy places where one can enjoy peaceful and harmonious atmosphere again.【点评】文章第一段指出问题---校园安全问题频发，大学生的学习生活受到严重影响。
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Input Validation 输入验证1.Is input data validated to ensure that it contains only validcharacters?输入数据中是否只包含合法的字符？2.Is input data validated to ensure that it is within appropriateranges?输入的数据是否在正确的范围之内？3.Is validation performed by comparing with "known-good" (as opposedto "known-bad") characters or sequences?是否做过这样的验证，通过和已知正确的字符集或者序列比较来验证数据，而不是和已知错误的来比较？Output Encoding 输出编码1.Is data encoded using HTMLEncode (or similar function) whenforwarding to display in the browser?当需要输出到浏览器显示的时候，使用的是否是HTML编码（或者类似的功能）？2.Is data provided as parameters to a parameterized SQL query (asopposed to concatenation into the query)?作为参数的时候是否使用的是参数化的SQL查询（而不是连接到的查询）？Oh，dear god! I really know nothing about this item.3.Are steps taken to avoid SQL injection, Cross Site Scripting orother injection attacks (where appropriate)?是否采用了如下措施去避免SQL注入，跨站脚本攻击和其他注入攻击（在适当的情况下）？4.When supplying code and data as output, is it unambiguously clearwhere code and data are separated?当提供的代码和数据作为输出的时候，是否真正做到了代码和数据的分离？Information Exposure 信息披露1.Do error messages distinguish correctly between information sentto internal and external users?是否能够区分错误信息和正确的信息，并发送给内部人员和外部人员？（这句没读出来什么意思，按照我的理解来翻的。
是否是说关于bug的级别信息，然后应该发送给不同的人员？Maybe，Tom knows。
）2.Are comments and private information removed from transmissions tothe user?在交给用户之前是否已经删掉了评论和私人信息？3.Are internal IP addresses masked from external users?内部IP是否屏蔽了外部用户的访问？4.Are debug pages, and unused pages removed from the deployed web site?开发网站上是否删除了调试页面和无用的页面？5.Is debug and tracing code disabled, with no ability for unauthorizedparties to use it or enable it?调试和跟踪功能是否已经关闭，并且不会在未授权的情况下被打开或者使用？Client-Side Security 客户端安全1.Are security measures such as input validation implemented on theserver-side?像输入验证这样的安全措施是否是在服务器端实现的？2.Are all security measures implemented on the client-side backed byequivalent or greater measures on the server-side?所有在客户端验的安全施放，在服务器端是否有同等或者更多的措施来作为支撑？3.Has the application (or changed components) been tested with customclients that ignore client side restrictions?应用程序（或者组件）在被客户端测试的时候，是否使用了一些客户端做不到的方法？Poor Use of Cryptography 很少使用加密？1.Have cryptography choices (key sizes, algorithms, etc.) beenreviewed and approved by Policymakers?加密（key的长度，算法等）的选择是否被决策人员审阅和确认过？2.Are cryptographic elements configurable to change key sizes, choiceof algorithms, etc.?加密中的一些因素，例如Key的长度，算法是否是可配置的？3.Is the cryptography implementation a widely-available library (asopposed to a custom solution, or developed in-house)?加密的实现是否是一个广泛使用的库（而不是一个客户的解决方案或者闭门自制的）？4.Is provision made for regular key rotation? Emergency key changes?是否提供定期更换Key的功能？紧急情况下Key的修改？（还是别的什么意思？）Thinking Only About Features 只关注功能本身1.Has the application been tested by trying to feed it invalid input?是否使用过非法的输入去测试应用程序？2.Have there been any tests attempting to use SQL Injection,Cross-Site Scripting, etc.?是否使用过SQL注入，跨站脚本攻击等办法去测试？3.Has the application been written to reject incorrect or maliciousdata?应用程序是否考虑到了恶意拒绝和恶意数据？4.Does the application alert its operators about potential maliciousbehavior on the part of its users?如果使用者在过去一段时间内的操作有潜在的破坏行为，应用程序是否会提醒使用者？5.Does the application alert its operators about(mis-)configurations that reduce its security level?如果某个操作会降低程序的安全性，应用程序是否会提醒使用者？6.Has the application been reviewed to ensure that unauthenticatedand unauthorized users are not given more access than is appropriate?未授权用或者未被认证的用户不会获得更多Race Condition1.Is the code flexible enough to cope with resource requestscompleting earlier / later than anticipated?2.Are checks on authorization guaranteed to occur before access isgranted or resources are fetched?3.Is the application able to handle rapidly repeated requests anddistinguish correctly between them?4.Does the application ensure that connection state is kept out ofglobal / shared variables or memory space?5.Are locks, mutexes, semaphores, etc. correctly used to ensure thatshared resources are not shared across execution or securitycontexts?6.Has the review team considered changes that will occur if thecompiler / optimizer change the order of execution of statements (within its limits)?Failing Open, Ignoring Failure 打开失败，忽略失败1.Are all return values checked?是否所有返回值都被处理了？2.Where exceptions are expected, are they all caught?所有的异常都能被捕获到吗？3.Is checking of correct input done by “deny by default” (e.g. a“white-list” of correct characters / sequences)?是否检查了‘潜规则’认为正确的输入（例如白名单列表）？4.Are functions communicating failures up through their call stack?函数调用失败的时候，是否通过调用堆栈来查看错误原因？5.Is the code written to assume that requests are invalid until theyprove themselves to be valid?代码中是否假设请求都是无效的，直到有正确的请求到达？Failing to Recognize or Enforce Bounds 误差和边界检查1.Are all arithmetic operations guaranteed to not overflow orunderflow?所有的算术运算操作都检查上溢出和下溢出了吗？2.Are buffer overflows actively prevented, either by choice ofdevelopment environment, language or code checks?是否通过选择开发环境、开发语言、代码检查来主动防止缓冲区溢出？3.Are classes and libraries used that prevent overflow or underflow(as opposed to classes that do not)?类和库是否有上下溢出检查（而不是不检查）？4.Are library functions prown to buffer overrun, removed and replacedwith?当库出现缓冲区溢出的时候，是替换掉还是删除？（怪怪的。