英语复习资料
英语复习资料
一．句子
1.Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: ①Metal ②Ceramics ③Composite ④Polymers, etc.
2.A polymer has a repeating structure, usually based on a carbon backbone.
聚合物具有一般是基于碳链的重复结构。
3. Hardening is the process of heating a piece of steel to a temperature within or above its critical range and then cooling it rapidly.
4.The process of normalizing consists of heating the steel about 50℉to 100℉(10℃~40℃) above the upper critical range and cooling in still air to room temperature.
正火处理包括先将钢加热到高于上临界区50℉到100℉(10℃~40℃)然后在静止的空气中冷却到室温。
5.Core print is the region added to the pattern, core, or mold that is used to locate and support the core within the mold.
砂芯座是加在型模、砂
6.Investment casting is also known as the lost wax process.
熔模铸造也称为失蜡加工。
7.A distinction may be made between open-die forging, usually in the form of hammer forging, and closed-die forging.
锤锻中常用的开式模锻与闭式模锻是有区别的
8. Sintering is the process whereby powder compacts are heated so that adjacent particles fuse together, thus resulting in a solid article with improved mechanical strength compared to the powder compact.
机械强度更好的固体物。
9.Injection molding (Fig.6.1) is the predominant process for fabrication of thermoplastics into finished forms, and is increasingly being used for thermosetting plastics, fiber-filled composites, and elastomers.
注塑成型(图 6.1)
塑料、纤维填充合成物和人造橡胶。
10.The clearance angle is provided such that the tool will not rub the machined surface thus spoiling the surface and increasing the cutting forces.
后角使刀具不产生会损坏机加工面的摩擦和增加切削力。
11.Feed rate, f, may be defined as the small relative movement per cycle (per revolution or per stroke) of the cutting tool in a direction usually normal to the cutting speed direction.
进给率f可定义为每循环(每转或每行程)切削刀具在通常为垂直于切削速度方向的次要相对运动。
12.The actual separation of the metal starts as a yielding or fracture, depending upon the cutting conditions, starting from the cutting tool tip.
金属的实际分离始于屈服或断裂(视切削条件而定).
13.the surface roughness value 表面粗糙度
14.Electroplating is an electrochemical process by which metal is deposited on a substrate by passing a current through the bath.
电镀是一种在电镀槽通上电流使金属沉淀在基体上的电化学过程。
15.On the other hand, when the feed rod is used, it supplies power to the apron through a worm gear.
16. Twist drill. The twist drill is the most common type of drill.
17. Up milling (conventional milling). In up milling the workpiece is fed against the direction of cutter rotation, as shown in Fig.12.3a. As we can see in that figure, the depth of cut (and consequently the load) gradually increases on the successively engaged cutting edges.
逆铣(传统铣削)12.3a所示。就像在此图
(及作为结果的载荷)随着切削刃持续进入切削而逐渐增加。
18.it therefore has three freedoms of translation. 这样就具有三个平移自由度。
19.In bilateral dimensioning, a mean dimension is used whichextends to the midpoint of the tolerance zone with equal plus and minus variations extending each way from this dimension.
20.The development of production processes for large-volume manufacture at low cost has been largely dependent upon interchangeability of component parts.
大规模低成本制造生产工艺的发展很大程度取决于组成零件的互换性。
21.There are three classes of fits ：1)clearance fits , 2)transition fits (the assembly may have either clearance or interference), and 3)interference fits .
有三种配合:1）间隙配合，2）过度配合（这种装配可能有间隙或过盈），3)过盈配合。二．段落
1.Centrifugal casting (Fig.3.3) as a category includes centrifugal casting, semi-centrifugal casting and centrifuging. In centrifugal casting, a permanent mold is rotated about its axis at high speeds (300to 3,000rpm) as the molten metal is poured.
离心铸造(图3.3)作为一个种类包括了离心铸造、半离心铸造和离心法铸造。离心铸造中
(300到3,000rpm)绕其轴线旋转。
The molten metal is centrifugally thrown towards the inside mold wall, where it solidifies after cooling. The casting is usually a fine grain casting with a very fine-grained outer diameter, which is resistant to atmospheric corrosion, a typical situation with pipes. The inside diameter has more impurities and inclusions,which can be machined away.
则有较多的杂质和内含
2..In hammer forging, the component is shaped by hammer blows aided by relatively simple tools. These may include open dies i.e., dies that do not completely enclose the metal to be shaped.
成型金属的模具。
One of the basic operations of hammer forging is the elongation of a piece of metal by stretching with hammer blows, causing it to become thinner and longer. In hand forging the work-piece is
usually turned 90°after each blow, in order to forge it thoroughly and prevent its lateral expansion.
击后都转过90°以充分锻打工件并防止横向膨胀。
The opposite of elongation is upsetting, which produces compressive shortening. For example, the diameter of a bar can be increased by heating and hammering axially.
与伸长相反的是镦粗
大。
3.Injection molding (Fig.6.1) is the predominant process for fabrication of thermoplastics into finished forms, and is increasingly being used for thermosetting plastics, fiber-filled composites, and elastomers.
注塑成型(图 6.1)
塑料、纤维填充合成物和人造橡胶。
4.Centerless grinding. Centerless grinding involves passing a cylindrical workpiece, which is supported by a rest blade, between two wheels, i.e., the grinding wheel and the regulating or feed wheel.
轮之间通过去。
The grinding wheel does the actual grinding, while the regulating wheel is responsible for rotating the workpiece as well as generating the longitudinal feed. This is possible because of the frictional characteristics of that wheel, which is usually made of rubber-bonded abrasive.
As can be seen in Fig.8.4, the axis of the regulating wheel is tilted at a slight angle with the axis of the grinding wheel. Consequently, the peripheral velocity of the regulating wheel can be resolved into two components, namely, workpiece rotational speed and longitudinal feed.
正如在图8.4
These can be given by the following equations:
Vworkpiece Vregulating wheel×cosα
Axial feed Vregulating wheel×c×sinα
Where c is a constant coefficient to account for the slip between the workpiece and the regulating wheel (c=0.94~0.98).
V V调节轮×cosα
V调节轮×c×sinα
式中c是考虑工件和调节轮之间滑动的恒定系数(c=0.94~0.98)。
5.The processes of surface engineering, or surface treatments, tailor the surfaces of engineering materials to: (1) control friction and wear, (2) improve corrosion resistance, (3) change physical property, e.g., conductivity, resistivity, and reflection, (4) alter dimension, (5) vary appearance,
e.g., color and roughness, (6) reduce cost.
(1)(2)(3)改变物理性
(4)(5)
(6)降低成本。
Common surface treatments can be divided into two major categories: treatments that cover the surfaces and treatments that alter the surfaces.
6.Headstock. The headstock is fixed at the left hand side of the lathe bed and includes the spindle whose axis is parallel to the guideways (the slide surface of the bed). The spindle is driven through the gearbox, which is housed within the headstock.
轴箱内的齿轮箱驱动。
The function of the gearbox is to provide a number of different spindle speeds (usually 6 up to 18 speeds). Some modern lathes have headstocT with infinitely variable spindle speeds, which employ frictional ,electrical ,or hydraulic drives.
齿轮箱的功能是给主轴提供若干不同的速度(通常是6到18速)。有些现代车床具有采用摩擦、电力或液压驱动的无级调速主轴箱。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/423510537.html,ling is a machining process that is carried out by means of a multiedge rotating tool known as a milling cutter.
铣削是采用被称为铣刀的多刃旋转刀具完成的机加工作业。
In this process, metal removal is achieved through combining the rotary motion of the milling cutter and linear motions of the workpiece simultaneously. Milling operations are employed in producing flat, contoured and helical surfaces as well as for thread- and gear-cutting operation.
件的直线运动的组合实现的。铣削作业既
8. Down milling (climb milling). As can be seen in Fig.12.3b, in down milling the cutter rotation
coincides with the direction of feed at the contact point between the tool and the workpiece. It can also be seen that the maximum depth of cut is achieved directly as the cutter engages with the workpiece.
顺铣(同向铣削)12.3b
旋转与进给方向一致。还可以看到当刀具进入工件切削时直接达到最大切削深度。
This results in a kind of impact, or sudden loading. Therefore, this method cannot be used unless the milling machine is equipped with a backlash eliminator on the feed screw. The advantages of this method include higher quality of the machined surface and easier clamping of workpieces, since the cutting forces act downward.
这会导致
时才采用。这种方法的优点包括机加工表面质量较高和工件由于切削力向下作用而较容易夹紧。
学术英语(管理类)单词
学术英语单词 第一单元 free enterprise自由企业制度 adversity不幸，逆境 capitalistic 资本主义的 compelling 令人信服的 array 大群，大量 stockholder 股东 work force 劳动力 prospective 可能的 underestimate 低估 dedication 奉献 perseverance 坚忍 mailable 可邮寄的 cooperative 合作完成的 on-demand 按要求的 billionaire 亿万富翁undercapitalization 资本不足convertible 敞篷汽车 sander 打磨机 vendor 卖家 stockbroker 股票经纪人 personality 名人 facet 一个方面 mutual fund 共同基金 oceanic evaporation 海洋蒸发 business plan 经营策划 customer service 顾客服务 fraud 欺骗 road map 指南 transaction 交易 price-targeting strategy 区别定价战略pricing 定价 hassle 困难，麻烦 self-targeting 使自己成为目标 prise 撬开 insensitive 不敏感的，反应迟钝的recipe 菜谱 make sth. of sb/sth. 利用（机遇）illuminating 使清楚易懂的 turn sth on its head使……与之前相反的premium 溢价 profitable 有利可图的 chili 小红辣椒 triple 使成三倍 markup 涨价 whopping 巨大的 crisp 薯片 snack 吃零食 admittedly 确实，无可否认的 irritated 生气的 outwit 以智取胜 close substitutes 功能接近的替代品 business landscape 商业格局，商业环境competitive dynamics 竞争的态势social web 社交网站 sicial networking site（SNS）社交网站Facebook Wall 脸谱的涂鸦墙 call center 呼叫中心 support staff 向客户提供支持的员工competitive advantage 竞争优势adoption of new technology 新技术的采用 log in 登陆 news feed 即使新闻，动态消息 target audience 目标受众 text message 手机短信 overestimate 高估 relevance 重要性 mainframe 主机 underway 在进行中 portal 门户网站 order of magnitude 数量级 traffic 受到访问 cohort 一批人 feat 事迹 technophobic 畏惧技术的 overly 太 unnavigable 无法导航的 anonymous 匿名的 blur 变模糊
中考模拟英语试卷及答案10
中考模拟英语试卷及答案 Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力） I. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片): (共6分) A B C D E F G II. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案): (共10分) 7. A) The man’s.B) The woman’s. C) The man’s son’s.D) The woman’s son’s. 8. A) In the classroom. B) At the airport. C) In the teachers’ office.D) At the railway station. 9. A) He is listening to the radio. B) He is playing a sports game. C) He is watching television. D) He is reading a newspaper. 10. A) 8:30. B) 9:00. C) 9:30. D) 10:30. 11. A) Ben. B) Alice. C) Jimmy. D) Linda.
12. A) In an hour. B) In half an hour. C) In ten minutes. D) In twenty minutes. 13. A) By taxi. B) By bike. C) By bus. D) On foot. 14. A) Twenty dollars. B) Twenty-five dollars. C) Fifty dollars. D) Thirty-five dollars. 15. A) Because he had to pay for his education. B) Because he had to study several subjects. C) Because he wanted to stay in America. D) Because he wanted to look for a good job. 16. A) It’s much newer, but noisier. B) It’s much bigger, but noisier. C) It’s bigger and quieter. D) It’s smaller and quieter. III. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示): (共7分) 17. Bill used to be the best student in his new school. 18. Nobody liked Bill because he liked being alone all the time. 19. Bill’s teacher asked his parents to come to the school. 20. Bill’s father went to see Bill and talked with him. 21. Bill’s father asked him some questions about his studies. 22. Bill’s father told Bill that he was the most important person for him. 23. From the passage we know that nobody cared for Bill in this world. IV. Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks (根据你听到的对话，完成下列句子，每空格限填一词): (共7分) 24. Jim can’t (24) asleep and he feels very tired in the morning. 25. Jim thinks about (25) a lot and he’s afraid he is going to fail. 26. If Jim makes a study plan, he can (26) his time better and feel more confident. 27. Jim often has all his books (27) at the same time, and he never knows which one to read first. 28. There are 1,800 students and (28) teachers in Jim’s school.
英语复习资料
英语复习资料 口语： 第一段 Climate change may be a big problem, but there are many little things we can do to make a difference. If we try, most of us can do our part to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that we put into the atmosphere. Many greenhouse gases come from things we do every day. As we have learned, these greenhouse gases trap energy in the atmosphere and make the Earth warmer.（P105） 第二段 Santa Claus is a very important part of the Christmas festivities and small children believe he brings their presents down the chimney on Christmas Eve. Nobody ever gets to see him in their homes, though, because he only comes when everybody is sound asleep. Though most people know Santa is make-believe, they still love him, and his“Ho, ho, ho!”（P155） 第三段 For years I had good intentions to change, but I didn’t follow through. I could see my future: increased medical expenses, exhausted senses, premature death. Once I understand that it is in my own self-interest to take care of it, I’m struggling to develop a positive relationship with my body. Evidently, I’m not the only one with this awareness now.（P180） 笔试： 一、听力（20分） 5、Good morning, everyone. It’s my honor to introduce Prof. Water to you. Professor Water is from USA. She will teach us English this term. Professor Water is an experienced teacher. She has taught English many different counties. She is a very good teacher and she is really an expert in English teaching. She is the author of a number of books in this field. So, it is a pleasure for us to have her as our English teacher here. Now, let’s welcome her to say a few words to us! 6、 1)The purpose of this speech is to introduce a foreign teacher to the class. 2)Professor Waters comes from the United States. 3) Professor Waters has taught English in many different countries. 4) Professor Waters is very good at speaking English. 5)This speech a welcome speech. 5、My dear students. T oday I’m going to give a little talk about flowers. In daily life we often use flowers to symbolize something, such as beauty, love, and friendship. When we want to express our nice feelings and good wishes, we often
学术英语管理课文翻译
Unit 1 When faced with both economic problems and increasing competition not only from firms in the united states but also from international firms located in other parts of the world, employee and managers now began to ask the question：what do we do now? although this is a fair question, it is difficult to answer. Certainly, for a college student taking business courses or be beginning employee just staring a career, the question is even more difficult to answer. And yet there are still opportunities out there d=for people who are willing to work hard, continue to learn, and possess the ability to adapt to change. 当面对不仅来自美国的公司而且来自位于世界其他地方的国际公司的经济问题和日益激烈的竞争时，员工和经理现在开始要问一个问题：我们要做什么？虽然这是一个很清晰的问题，但是它是很难回答的。当然，对于一个正在谈论商务课程的大学生或者一个刚开始职业生涯的员工来说，这个问题更难回答。但目前仍然有许多机会给那些愿意努力工作，继续学习并且拥有适应变化的能力的人。 Whether you want to obtain part-time employment to pay college and living expense, begin your career as a full –time employee, or start a business, you must bring something to the table that makes you different from the next person . Employee and our capitalistic economic systems are more demanding than ever before. Ask yourself: What can I do that will make employee want to pay me a salary? What skills do I have that employers need? With these questions in mind, we begin with another basic question: Why study business?
英语复习资料
1.The Labor Party 's electoral strategy, which was based on a tactical alliance with other minor parties, has proved successful. 2.The government troops recaptured the city from the rebels at the cost of two thousand casualties. 3.By a storke of good luck, Genelle, who had been buried in the rubble for more than 26hours, came out alive. 4.My brother wasn't badly hurt, but the injured his leg and had to take a gamble around for a few weeks. 5.The aircraft was subjected to a test of temperatures of render 65 degrees Celsius and plus 120 degrees. 6.Tax incentives combined with cheap labor will attract companies to the western regions of our country away from the east coast. 7.To my surprise, the opening speeches sounded more like declarations of war than offerings of peace. 8.After a three-day siege by the police, the terrorists who had seizd the restaurant had to give in. 9.Once we stepped off the plane and onto the prairie, we were greeted by a gust of raw and biting wind. 10.Being young and impatient, they are inclined to dash into the jaws of
最新中考英语模拟试卷带答案
2018英语中考模拟测试卷 一、单项选择(共10小题，每小题0.5分，满分5分) 1. The Presidents of China and the USA had_________interview a short time ago. And it was_________great success. A. an; / B. the; a C. an; a D. the; / 2. --- Could you please move over a little and make some _________ for me? --- Sure, please A. place B. seat C. room D. ground 3. --- When will he come back to China? ---__________ a month. A. In B. After C. Before D. For 4. ---Tony, have you stopped smoking? ---Yes, I have to because I can___________breathe when I run. A. often B. never C. hardly D. almost 5. It will be easier for people to realize their dreams if they _______ highly _______. A. have; educated B. will; educate C. are; educated D. were; educated 6.---Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you, Dad? ---No, you____________. You’re free to make your own decision. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’ｔ D. needn’ｔ 7. ---- Will Jenny come tomorrow? ---- I’m not sure. She ______ an hour ago without saying anything. A. has left B. left C. leave D. will leave 8. On those foggy days, you could hardly see anything around you___________ it was at noon. A. and B. because C. though D. but 9. ---- Do you mind my _______ here? ---- _________. Look at the sign. It says, “No smoking”. A. to smoke; Of course not B. smoking; You’d better not C. to smoke; No, I don’t D. smoking; Never mind 10.---- What did the woman ask you just now? --- She asked___________. A. who was I waiting for B. whether could I help her to find the post office C. how she can get to the post office D. which was the way to the library 二、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) One of my best childhood memories is of going to the river and sitting quietly on the bank. There I would _____11____ the peace and quiet, watching the bamboo trees bend in the wind and then return to their original positions ____12____ the wind had died down. When I think about the bamboo tree’s ____13_____ to come back to its original position, the word resilience (顺应力）comes to my ____14____. When we use the word to talk about a person, it ___15___ the ability to easily recover from shock, sadness or any other____16___ situation. Have you ever felt like you are about to snap (垮掉）? Have you ever felt like you are _____17____ your breaking point? Thankfully, you have survived (坚持过来）the experience to live to talk about ___18_____. Life is a mixture of good times and bad times, happy moments and unhappy moments. The ___19____ time you are experiencing one of those unhappy moments that take you ____20____
小学英语复习资料完整版
小学英语复习资料一、可数名词与不可数名词： 不可数名词（本身不能表示复数，常为物质名词或抽象名词），如：milk、meat、 coffee、rice、cheese、soup、bread、hair、fruit、time、Chinese、English、Japanese 单数（如：book、box、boy）单数可数名词可以在它前面用a/an.如： 可数名词 a book一本书 an eraser一个铅笔檫 an English book一本英语书 an American boy一个美国男孩 an apple/orange一颗苹果/桔子 an eye/ear一只眼睛/耳朵 an old doctor an uncle an E-mail（a用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前） 复数（特殊的：man- men woman -women policeman- policemen child -children foot- feet this- these that- those） 二、名词复数的构成形式 三、主要人称代词、物主代词的基本用法。 1、人称代词的数与格：
2、物主代词：表示所有关系，分名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。 数形容词性物主代词 格人单数复数称our我们的我的第一人称my第二人称你的your你们的your第三人称他们的his他的 她们的her她的their its它的它们的四、表示时间、地点、方位介词的用法： 1、介词at的用法： A:用在几点钟之前。 eg:Mr Liu gets up at six o'clock. B:在“night”前用at。eg:The monkeys are tired at night. C:表示空间，在…. eg:Let's meet at the bus stop at five o'clock. at home at school at the bus stop.表示地点：D: 的用法：、介词in2A:in the moming/afternoon/evening.in the garden in the box.in”在…里面。B: “ in Chineseeg:in English…C: “in”是用的意思，的用法、介词 on3monning. on Monday the zoo on Sunday. 晚上前用on。eg:Let's go to A:在时期几前， 在星期几的上午、下午、在…之上，…on the box. on the desk. On the tree.B:under 的用法：4、介词”在…之下，eg:on/under the box. My ball is under the box.“under about 大约，差不多；5、7点钟吃早点。We have breakfast at about seven every moming. 我们 每天早上大约near 在……附近。6、……的 teacher o f English the capital of Beijing7、of五、英语简单句的基本形式和表意功能。eg:s a/an…'sthis/that(in English) It'What…What color is it It's…Who is this/that/she/he He/She/It/This/That/is… I'mYou/They/We are…clock.'s five o'What's the time/What time is it It…表示存在，指“在什么地方有什么”There is/are…where are you I'm…'m fromWhere ate you from We are/I I like English.How many girls/boys/…t like bananas.She/He likes English. She/He/It doesn'Do you/they/we like English t)Yes,I/they/we/you do.(No,I/they/we/you don't)Does she/he like apples Yes,she/he does. (No,she/he doesen'…… You/They/We are(not) He/She/It/This/That is There is/are(not) …… I'm(not) Is/Are there…,其规则变化与名词复数一样。六、第三人称单数作主语时谓语动词加“s”的 用法—comes like—likes come。a.一般加“s”does —goes do—sh”结尾的加“es”。go、 谓语动词是以“b.o、s、x、ch eg: fly-flies”。”为“i”，再加“esyc.谓语动词是以“辅音 字母+y”结尾的先变“be-is have-hasd.少数动词第三人称单数特殊变化：s s time for class. farther has breakfast at home every morning. ''eg: is in the classroom. time to go to school.七、定冠词与不定冠词的用法：desk.
英语复习资料
10级研究生英语补充材料 （该材料整理的有些唐突，有些地方翻译的可能不是太准确，请大家见谅） 补充材料1 China’s long history, vast territory and extensive contact with other nations and cultures have given birth to the distinctive Chinese culinary art. With several thousand years of creative and accumulative efforts, the Chinese cuisine has become increasingly popular among more and more overseas gourmets, virtually functioning as an envoy of friendship in China’s cultural exchanges with foreign countries. Modern China enjoys a worldwide reputation as the “kingdom of cuisine”. The exquisite Chinese culinary art, regarded indisputably as one of the world’s finest culinary traditions, has prevailed all over the world. The three essential factors, or key elements, by which Chinese cooking is judged are known as “color, aroma and taste”. The “color” of Chinese food, the first of these elements which is so evident in a Chinese banquet, includes the layout and design of dishes, best exemplified in particular by the large elaborately-prepared cold dish served at the beginning of the dinner. Visitors to China are often surprised when a typical dinner for a table of eight people consists of four courses of cold dishes , four courses of hot dishes, coupled with soup and steamed rice; they consider this a lavish spread. Often beer, yellow rice wine and strong white liquor [?lik? ]are served at a Chinese banquet. People at a table will usually “Gan Bei”when toasting each other. “Gan Bei” means to raise up one’s wine glass or liquor cup and drink it all the way down so that the glass or cup is “dried up the last drop”. People dry up their glasses to communicate the message to others that they are sincere and joyful. It is quite acceptable for a foreign guest to take a sip instead of emptying the glass when toasting with his or her Chinese host. However, an average Chinese meal at home is quite different in composition from a Chinese banquet. At an everyday home meal, an adult may consume two small bowls of steamed rice, or a large bowl of noodles or several pieces of steamed bread, accompanied by several meat or vegetable dishes, but not the other way round. For most Chinese, about 65% of an average meal’s calories comes from grain sources instead of meat or vegetable dishes. 中国历史悠久,幅员辽阔,广泛接触其他国家和他们的文化产生了独具特色的中 国烹饪艺术。历经千年的创造力和不断地努力,中国菜越来越多的受到海外的美食家的欢迎,甚至在中国文化对外交流中起到了使者的作用。 现代中国享有世界菜肴王国的盛誉。精致的中国烹饪艺术,毋庸置疑被认为是世界上最好的传统饮食文化之一,已经盛行于世界各地。
学术英语管理Unit课文翻译完整版
学术英语管理U n i t课 文翻译 HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】
《业务营销化》 1 问街上一般的人什么是营销时，他们会告诉你那大概就是“卖东西的”。这从根本上说是正确的，但营销不是简单的销售行为，而是怎样做成的销售。我们都被全天候不间断营销所围绕，而我们每一个人都已经以我们自己的方式成了一名营销人。 2 专家是怎么定义营销的呢？根据美国市场营销协会，市场营销是一种组织职能，是为组织自身及利益相关者（stakeholders n. 利益相关者；股东）而创造、传播、传递客户价值，管理客户关系的一系列过程。 3 根据世界市场营销协会对营销的定义，“核心的经营理念是指导通过交换来识别和满足个人和组织需要的过程，从而为各方创造出众的价值。” 4 最后，英国特许营销学会说，“营销是有利地识别，预测，和满足顾客需求的管理过程”。 5 如果我们只是看这三个定义的共性，我们可以看出，营销本质上（in essence）是：a)发现和给顾客他们所想要的和需要的东西， b)通过做这些来获利。 4Ps或5Ps营销策略 6 密歇根州立大学（Michigan State University）的杰罗姆·麦卡锡（Jerome McCarthy）教授在20世纪50年代写了一本书并且定义了4Ps营销策略，包括产品、渠道、价格和促销。这本书为这个星球上最古老的专业提供了一个清晰的结构，而这个结构成为市场营销的定义。 7 为了更好地理解营销，你应该有你自己对术语的定义。例如，我认为营销是对产品的价格、分配、促销以及人员进行控制，满足顾客以获得利益。控制是个充满感情的词语，尤其在我们谈及控制人的时候。无论怎样，控制是很重要的，因为作为
中考模拟英语试题带答案(5)
初中学业水平考试 英语试题（5） 注意事项: 1．本试题分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，总分100分，考试时间为90分钟。 2．第Ⅰ卷为单项选择题，共70分；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，共30分。请将答案答在答题纸相应的位置上，交卷时只交答题纸。 卷I（选择题，共70分） I. 单项选择（30小题，每小题1分，共计30分） 从各小题给出的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 1.I think English is ____useful language. We need to learn it well. A. an B. a C. the D. / 2. –Is it your dictionary ? -- No. It is _____. A. her B. herself C. hers D. mine 3.____the night of December 24th, we had a party together. A. On B. In C. At D. By 4. She made a ______to me that she would never laugh at others. A. project B. product C. program D. promise 5.--____will you graduate from your middle school ? --In about two months. A. How far B. How soon C. How often D. How long 6. Do more exercises, and you ________ yourself in math. A. improve B. improved C. are improving D. will improve 7. Lucy often practices ______ with her friends after school. A. play tennis B. play the tennis C. playing tennis D. playing the tennis 8. Look at the “No parking” sign. You _____park your car here. A. should B. may not C. needn’t D. mustn’t 9. _____ fat sheep they are ! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 10. ______of us wants to go to the park today, because we have to finish our homework
小学英语复习资料完整版
小学六年级英语复习资料 一、语法： 不可数名词（本身不能表示复数，常为物质名词或抽象名词），如：milk 、meat 、 coffee 、rice 、cheese 、soup 、 bread 、hair 、fruit 、time 、Chinese 、English 、Japanese 单数（如：book 、box 、boy ）单数可数名词可以在它前面用a/an.如： 可数名词 a book 一本书 an eraser 一个铅笔檫 an English book 一本英语书 an American boy 一个美国男孩 an apple/orange 一颗苹果/桔子 an eye/ear 一只眼睛/耳朵 an old doctor an uncle an E-mail （a 用在辅音之前，an 用在元音之前） 复数（特殊的：man- men woman -women policeman- policemen child -children foot- feet this- these that- those ） 名词复数的构成形式 （二）、主要人称代词、物主代词的基本用法。 2、物主代词：表示所有关系，分名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，可以单独使用，形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，后面必须加名词。 （三）、表示时间、地点、方位介词的用法： 1、介词at 的用法： A:用在几点钟之前。 eg:Mr Liu gets up at six o ’clock. B:在“night ”前用at 。eg:The monkeys are tired at night. C:表示空间，在…. eg:Let ’s meet at the bus stop at five o ’clock. D:表示地点：at home at school at the bus stop. 2、介词in 的用法：
中考模拟英语试题
2014年深圳市初中毕业生中考模拟考试 英语试题 第一卷（共三大题，满分65分） 一．选择填空（20分） 从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以替换划线部分的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共5小题，每小题1分） 1.I believe that most readers will identify with the author. A. know about B. disagree with C. trust D. feel the same way as 2. The lady nearly jumped out of her skin when she saw a bleeding man lying on the ground. A. felt sad B. felt frightened C. was sick D.was joyful 3.Spring Festival Gala Evening was ____ great success. It didn’t come to ____ end until 1:00 a.m.. A. a; the B./; the C. a; an D. /; an 4. You ought to make ____ a rule to leave things ____ you can find them again. A. it, when B. it; where C. this; when D. this; where 5. It’s the first time that he _____ everything that_____ to him in order. A. has put…belongs B. put…is belong C.put…belongs D. has put…is belong 从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共15小题，每小题1分） 6. The loud noise from upstairs which _____interrupted my study. A. was sounded frightening B. sounded frightening C. was sounded frightened D. sounded frightened 7. Please get someone____the printer. I want to get it_____ as soon as possible. A. repair; repairing B. repair; repaired C. to repaire;repairing D.to repair; repaired 8. For the time being, I haven’t got enough money to buy an ipad mini. But I’m sure I can afford one in the near future. A. At the same time B. At present C. In no time D. After a while 9. - _____ is the distance between our school and the museum? - Not far. It’s only______. A. How far; a fifteen-minute walk B. How far; fifteen minutes walk C. What; a fifteen-minute walk D. What; fifteen minutes walk 10. –Lucy, as well as the other students_____going for the picnic. _ Why______you join them? A. is; not B.are; don’t C. is; don’t D. are; not 11. – I wonder_______or not Professor Li will arrive in Shenzhen in time. - I will call you as soon as he _____. A. if; will arrive B. whether; will arrive C. if; arrives D. whether; arrives 12.-Nobody was absent from school yesterday,______? -No. The head teacher is always very strict______his students. A. was, he B.wasn’t he, with C. were they; with D. weren’t they, in 13. Tammy didn’t respond to the phone call. A. affect B. influence C. answer D. speak 14. The smiths are searching for their pet dog here and there, but they just can't find it. A. looking about B. looking through C. looking for D. looking around