英语语法分析-句子成分分析

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I met my best friend Tom at the ststionyeste

rday.

主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语

1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例:

(1) Students syudy.(名词)

(2)We are friends.(代词)

(3)To go to good universityis his first goal.(不定式) (4)Doing morning exercise isgoodfor your health.(动名词) (5)Jane is good atplaying the piano.

(6)She went out in a hurry.

(7)Four plus four is eight.

(8)To see isto believe.

(9)Smoking is bad for health.

(10)The young should respect the old.

(11)What he has said is true.

2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例:

(1)Students study.(实意动词)

(2)We are friends.(be动词)

(3)We love China.

(4)We have finished reading this book.

(5)He canspeak English.(复合谓语)

(6)She seemstired.

(7)I saw the flag on the top of the hill.

(8)He lookedafter two orphans.

3、宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象,目标;位于及物动词之后)。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。例:

(a)He gaveme some books.

间接宾语直接宾语

(b)Please pass me thebook.

(c)He bought me someflowers.

(1)They are teachers.

(2)Iplay with him.

(3)Welove watching footballgames.

(4)He is dong her homework now.

(5)I like myjob.

(6)Iloveyou.

(7)Hewanted to leave here.

(8)Theyenjoyedplaying footballgames.

注:位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。

4、宾语补足语:是对宾语进行补充说明,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。例:

(1)I found the bookinteresting.

(2)Do you smell something burning?

(3)Hemade himselfknown to them.

(4)Sheaskedme tolend her a hand.

(5)Please make yourself at home.

(6)Please keep thedog out.

(7)We mustkeep it asecret.

主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补。例:

(1)Ilast saw himplaying near theriver.→He was lastseen pl aying nearthe river.

(2)The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam.

→The student wascaught cheating in theexam.

(3)We madehim monitor.→He was made monitor.

(4)He pushed the door open.→Thedoor waspushed open.

5、定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任(是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词)。形容词放在名词前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词之后。例:

(1)This is a red sun.

(2)The black bike is mine.

(3)Heis a tall boy.

(4)Sheisa chemistry teacher.

(5)The man in bllueis my brother.

(6)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister. (7)The lady who iswearing red dress is our newteac her.

6、状语:是用来说明动词,形容词,副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分,常由副词担任。修饰动词的可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词的放在它们之前。例:

(1)The students studyhard.

(2)I often write to him.

(3)The bag is too heavy.

(4)I will be back in a while.

(5)They are playing on the playground.

(6)He was late becausehe got up late.

(7)He got up so late that he missed the train.

(8)I waited tosee you.

(9)He often went to school by bus.

(10)His parents died,leaving him an orphan.

(11)Please call me if it is necessary.

(12)This book is very interesting.

(13)He went to school in spiteofhisillness.

(14)He always comes late to school.

7、表语:系动词后的部分就是表语,表语是用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。

常见的系动词有:

be(am,is,are,were,was),aapear,look,seem

feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go etc.系动词不用于被动语态。例:

(1)This table islong.

(2)The apple tastes sweet.

(3)The war was over.

(4)They seem to know the truth.

(5)Time is precious.

(6)I’m notquite myself today.

(7)Who was the first?

(8)He is out of condition.

(9)The bookis what I need.

通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间作状语放在句子的后面。

(定语)主语(状语)谓语(定语)宾语(状语)。

(1)(The tall)boy(often)go(to the big)zoo.

(2)(The happy)child-went(his)home yesterday.

英语句子成分歌:

英语句子八呀八大块,主谓宾表真呀真实在;

补语跟着宾语标语跑,定语同位(语)专把名词踹。

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