学龄前儿童益智玩具设计

摘要

21世纪是一个信息与科技交融的时代，孩子是祖国的未来，家长的希望。他们的身心健康以及智力发展日益受到重视，尤其是学龄前，这一身心迅速成长的重要时期更是不敢放松。而婴幼儿益智玩具作为开发婴幼儿期孩子各方面潜能的一种重要产品，在日渐完善的工业设计体系中，因为其使用者和使用特点的特殊性，和其他婴幼儿产品设计以及和其他阶段的儿童玩具产品设计都有很大的不同。我国是玩具生产和消费的大国，如何设计出适合学龄前这一阶段婴幼儿的具有中国特色同时又能适应国际市场的玩具产品，是我国玩具设计领域面临的一个重要课题。本文结合实际，采用多学科交叉的研究方法，综合运用婴幼儿心理学、产品设计方法学、色彩心理学、仿生学、材料学、符号学、造型论及产品设计等相关理论，并结合实地考察、调研与大量案例研究，综合运用分析、归纳、演绎的思维研究方法，对学龄前儿童益智玩具进行了设计研究。

文章在分析了学龄前婴幼儿身心发展特点与婴幼儿益智玩具——包括玩具的定义、区别、分类、功能之后，在此基础上，提出了婴幼儿启智玩具的设计策略及设计原则。

包括按年龄段细分的设计策略和按性别细分的设计策略及安全性原则、启智性原则、参与性原则、非暴力性原则和玩具的可充分利用原则。最后，深入分析了学龄前儿童益智玩具设计的基本形式要素和附加形式要素，并进行了学龄前幼儿的益智玩具设计实践，做出了学龄前的启智玩具设计实例。希望此次对学龄前婴幼儿启智玩具所进行的的探索性的研究在完善婴幼儿玩具市场的发展、为玩具设计人员进行婴幼儿益智玩具设计时提供理论支撑及指导家长和幼教教师进行玩具选择等方面都能有一定的理论和现实意义。

关键词：学龄前儿童益智玩具设计

Abstract

The general trend iS that the 2 1 st century iS a new era of the information—based technology，in which，as the future of the country and the hope of a family，children’S mental and physical health as well as their intellectual development is being put more and more emphsis on，especially me 0—3 year—old ones．So as aproduct to develope the potential of the children in various aspects，in an increasingly sophisticated system of industrial design，infant intellegience．inspired toys are different from those of children in other stages，which owes much to their special users and unique characteristics．China iS a key country in toy production and consumption，therefore，how to design the toy product suitable for the children of 0-3 year-old with Chinese characteristics and how to adapt to the international market is becoming a serious topic facing with the people in toy design field．In this paper，the intellegience-inspired toy design of children from 0-3 is researched．In this research，a multi．interdisciplinary research methods is adopted，at the same time combining with the theory about the infant and child psychology，methodology of product design，color psychology，bionics，materials science，semiotics，product design，modeling．In addition，field visits，research and a large number of case are studied and analysis，induction, deduction method of thinking are used to prove the research．

In this paper，the phyrsical and mental development of infants and young children are analyszed at first(including the definition of toys，development，classification，feature)．On this basis，the strategy and design principles are proposed，including the design strategies broken down by age groups and the design of gender-disaggregated security strategies and principles，the principle of intellegience-inspired，the principles of participatory，non—violent principles and toys-making-full-use-of principle．Finally，thorough analysis of basic form of the toy design elements and additional form elements。And made a practice of the two-year-old child’S intellegience—inspired toy design，then，a 2-year-old child’S toy design sample is made．

Hope that the exploration carried out by this research in the field of 0-3 year—old