【新高考】高三英语语法讲解及练习题：名词

重难点分析名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。

不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能加-s。

有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同。

有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，这些含义很可能成为高考考查的内容。

词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。

一、名词的分类及常见用法二、名词其他需要注意的几点1. 名词的数(1) 复合名词的复数有主体名词的复数形式（lookers-on, passers-by等）和无主体名词的复数形式（grown-ups, go-betweens）。

(2) 集体名词的数①有些集体名词只能用作复数，如：cattle, police, people等。

注意：people意为“民族、种族”时，有单、复数形式。

②有些集体名词只能用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, equipment, jewellery, mankind等。

③有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数。

这样的集体名词有class, family, couple, audience, government, public, committee, crew等。

The whole family are watching TV now. 现在全家人都在看电视。

His family is a big one. 他家是一个大家庭。

(3) 由两部分构成的名词只能用复数形式，如：glasses, trousers, shorts, scissors, gloves, scales, compasses等。

(4) “the + 姓氏的复数”表全家人，如：the Blacks, the Smith, the Wangs等。

(5) 具有双重特性的名词①意义不同的可数和不可数名词a room 房间——room空间a chicken 鸡——chicken 鸡肉an experience 经历——experience 经验an agreement 协议——agreement 同意②单、复数意思不同的名词arm 手臂——arms 武器brain 脑——brains 智力custom 风俗——customs 海关force 力量——forces 军队regard 注意；关心——regards 问候time 时间——times 时代work 工作——works 作品；工厂manner 态度——manners 礼貌spirit 精神——spirits 心情；情绪content 内容——contents 目录loss 损失——losses 损失物condition 状况——conditions 条件expression 表达——expressions 短语feeling 感觉——feelings 感情wood 木头——woods 树林2. 名词的所有格(1) 表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加“’s”；表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都要加“’s”。

如：Li and Ma’s room 李和马共有的房间Li’s and Ma’s rooms 李和马各自的房间(2) 表某人的家或店铺、诊所等。

如：Li’s 李家the doctor’s 诊所the barber’s 理发店the butcher’s 肉铺the stationer’s 文具店(3) 所有格除了用于有生命的事物外，也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词。

如：China’s prosperity 中国的繁荣the country’s plan 国家计划(4) of所有格也可用于有生命的物体，用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时。

如：a story of a famous doctor 一个名医的故事the son of the man you just talked to 刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子(5) 双重所有格“of+名词所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。

of后名词所有格中的名词必须指人，而且是特指。

如：an old friend of my uncle’s 我叔叔的一位老朋友a play of Shakespeare’s 莎士比亚的一部戏剧some houses of my grandfather’s 我爷爷的一些房子3. 名词作定语(1) 一般用单数形式。

如：country music 乡村音乐shoe shops 鞋店traffic lights 交通灯注意：sports, customs, arms, clothes, sales, goods作定语时，要用复数形式。

如：sports meeting 运动会customs officers 海关官员arms production 武器生产(2) man和woman作定语时，变复数时予中心词一起变。

如：men doctor 男医生women teachers 女老师考点练透一、单句填空用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填空。

1. There are fifty-six ________ (people) in China.2. We need much ________ (room) for all the furniture.3. This kind of dress was popular in the ________ (1980).4. ________ (girl) students and ________ (woman) teachers in the majority in our school.5. There used to be a lot of milu ________ (deer) in China.6. These are art ________ (work) of the Tang Dynasty.7. ________ (child) shoes are on the second floor of this store department.8. We can see many ________ (editor-in-chief) present at the conference.9. I had my hair cut short at the ________ (barber) nearby yesterday.10. On the whole, he was a ________ (fail) in his life.11. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ________ of exercise.12. Now more and more people prefer to have a ________ at home — a little dog, a cat or some other animals.13. My parents always let me have my own ________ of living.14. We volunteered to collect money to help the ________ (victim) of the earthquake.15. We all know that ________ speak louder than words.16. My teacher pointed out the wrong choice of ________ (express) in my composition.17. The real ________ (hero) are those who are making the most contributions to our society18. The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of ________ (me).19. Without a com pass, it is easy to lose one’s way in the ________ (wood).20. He begged for help from ________ (passer-by), but they all pretended not to haveheard what he was saying and went by quickly.二、语篇填空用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填空。

Charles Pink was a young 1 (Canada) who had a good house and he knew how to enjoy himself. Every Saturday, he went to the theater and 2 (party). His car was one of the best in his city. He had lots of 3 and one day bought a plane. He learned to fly and flying became one of his main 4 (enjoy).One day about thirty 5 (year) ago, he set off in his small plane on a trip across6 (Mexican). At first everything went well, but when he was over the part of the country7 engine of the little machine failed.Fortunately, Pink was flying at a good 8 (high) when the bad thing happened, and he had time to find a place to land. Below him he could see a number of 9 (field) which looked nice enough to land on, and he managed to bring his machine down on one of 10 .三、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Probably no other musical instrument is as popular around the world as the guitar. Almosta guitar. The Spanish music called flamenco (弗拉门科民歌) could not exist without a guitar. The sound of American blues music would not be the same without the sad cry of the guitar.(possible) without this instrument.Some say an instrument much like a guitar was played in Egypt over 1000 years ago. Some(bring) to Spain from Persian (波斯人) sometime in the 12th century. The guitar continued to develop in Spain. In the 1700s itbecame similar 7 the instrument we know today.(music) played the instrument. The famous musician Niccolo Paganini played and wrote music for the guitar in the early 1800s. Franz Schubert used the guitar to write some of his famous works. In modern times Andres Segovia helped make the instrument extremely popular.(develop) in the southern area of Spain called(strong) connected with the Spanish guitar.助读词汇exist vi. 存在musician n. 音乐家musical instrument 乐器blues music 布鲁斯音乐rock and roll music 摇滚乐be connected with 与……有联系参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. peoples2. room3. 1980s/1980’s4. Girl; women5. deer6. works7. Children’s8. editors-in-chief9. barber’s 10. failure 11. lack 12. pet 13. way 14. victims 15. actions 16. expressions 17. heroes 18. mine 19. woods 20. passers-by二、语篇填空1. Canadian2. parties3. money4. enjoyments5. years6. Mexico7. the8. height9. fields 10. them三、语法填空本文主要介绍吉他的发展史。