2013年6月英语六级真题阅读第三套

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2013年6月英语六级真题及答案详解

2013年6月英语六级真题及答案Part I Writing2013年6月六级作文范文一It is not exaggerating to say that habits determine how much a person can achieve. This is due to the magical power that habits have. It can redouble the effort of our daily behavior.Take this for example: if you recite one word every day, you will add 365 words to your vocabulary by one year, and 700 words by two years, and 1400 words before graduation which is by far beyond the curricular of CET-6. While if you spend two hours on playing computer games—which is far less than how much time is spent in reality for college students— you will probably get addicted to it and fail your study. This phenomenon can be easily found in the college that it is high time for us to be aware of the importance of habits. We should cultivate good habits and get rid of the bad habits such as staying up late, being addicted to games, consuming extravagantly, etc as soon as possible. Rome was not built in one day. We can accumulate a great fortune by the tiny efforts we made every day. From now on say good bye to the bad habits and stick to the good ones, we will enjoy a profitable return in the future.2013年6月六级作文范文二Good habit result…Good habits are a valuable thing and a bridge reaching desirable results. Evidently, good habits include teamwork, optimistic attitude, confidence and so on. It is well known that teamwork always leaves us less mean-spirited and more inclusive. Again, optimistic attitude and confidence can encourage us to never give up and find silver linings in desperate situations.Why should we actively cultivate good habits? For one thing, good habits can jump our trains of thought onto correct tracks, in turn, we can bypass the wrong path. For another thing, persisting what we are good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. This is where developing good habits comes in.As a result, we should take some effective steps to cultivate our good habits. For instance, we can frequently inform young people that opportunities for errors abound, so we must develop good habits to cope with them. To sum up, we cannot deny it that good habits do carry a positive connotation.Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)暂缺Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013年6月英语六级阅读训练

2013年6月英语六级阅读训练The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of theproportion of a woman's life spent in caring for the children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties ? and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunityand health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman's youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.This important change in women's life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the firstopportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-or-part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.21. According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to_______.A. stay at home after leaving schoolB. marry men younger than themselvesC. start working again later in lifeD. marry while still at school22. We are told that in an average family about 1900_______.A. many children died before they lived to more than fiveB. seven or eight children lived to be more than fiveC. the youngest child would be fifteenD. four or five children died when they were five23. Many girls, the passage claims, are now likely to_______.A. give up their jobs for good after they are marriedB. leave school as soon as they canC. marry so that they can get a jobD. continue working until they are going to have a baby24. One reason why a woman today may take a job is that she_______.A. is younger when her children are old enough to look after .themselvesB. does not like children herselfC. need not worry about food for her childrenD. can retire from family responsibilities when she reaches sixty25. Nowadays, a husband tends to_______.A. play a greater part in looking after the childrenB. help his wife by doing much of the houseworkC. feel dissatisfied with his role in the familyD. take a part-time job so that he can help in the home答案：21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. BNo one knows exactly how many disabled people there are in the world, but 11 suggest the figure is over 450 million. The number of disabled people in India 12 is probably more than double the totalpopulation of Canada.In the United Kingdom, about one in ten people have some disability. Disability is not just something that happens to other people: as we get older, many of us will become less 13 , hard of hearing or have failing eyesight.Disablement can take many forms and occur at any time of life. Some people are born with disabilities. Many others become disabled as they get older. There are many 14 disabling diseases. The longer time goes on, the worse they become. Some people are disabled in accidents. Many others may have a period of disability in the form of a mental illness. All areaffected by people's attitude towards them.Disabled people face many 15 barriers. Next time you go shopping or to work or to visit friends, imagine how you would 16 if you could not get up steps, or on to buses and trains. How would you cope if you could not see where you were going or could not hear the traffic? But there are other barriers; 17 can be even harder to break down and ignorance 18 represents by far the greatest barrier of all. It is almost impossible for the able-bodied to fullyappreciate what the severely disabled go through, so it is important to 19 attention to these barriers and show that it is the individual person and their ability, not their disability, which 20A. inevitablyB. evaluationsC. estimatesD. manageE. aloneF. countsG. prejudiceH. physicalI. mobile J. indifferently K. withdraw L. progressiveM. regular N. accounts O. draw答案：II. C 12. E 13. I 14. L 15. H 16. D 17. G 18. A 19. O 20. F。

2013年6月六级考试真题答案解析(第三套)

2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解Part ⅠWriting1、审题:本篇为评论性的话题作文。

题目中要求评论的“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed”这句话出自圣雄甘地（Mahatma Gandhi)之口，是甘地生态世界观的体现。

地球一直是哺育生于斯的人类的最无私的母亲，为人类提供着各种生存和生活所需。

然而，随着科技进步、人口数量的激增，人类对地球的抢夺也越来越严重。

常言道：欲壑难填，而资源有限。

寻找合适的方式，维持人与地球及其资源之间的和谐关系，已是人类必须认真思考、快速行动的当务之急。

出题人似乎也是鉴于当前由于人类对自然界无穷无尽的索取，导致各种自然灾害频发、物种灭绝、资源枯竭等问题，借这个题目引发思考和更多关注。

考生可以从不同角度对这一主题进行阐释：可以先描述当前灾害频发、物种灭绝、资源枯竭等现状，引出主题，然后分析产生这些现象的人为因素（只追求GDP,不保护资源；人口激增，资源消耗，浪费更大；追求利益，盲目、过度开采等），最后发出呼吁；或者也可以先简述当前人与地球的关系（人们为了满足自己的贪欲，向地球无止境地索取，造成一系列问题），然后陈述人类积极协调自身利益与地球之间关系的意义，最后提出一两点建议结束全文。

2、写作思路：第一段：描述人类欲望膨胀带来的问题，如灾害频发、物种灭绝、资源枯竭，指出地球现状值得人们高度关注。

第二段：分析产生上述各种现象的原因，如只追求GDP而不保护资源；人口激增，资源的消耗和浪费更大；为求利益而盲目、过度开采等。

第三段：总结，指出人类应该控制自己的贪婪欲望，如此才能在地球上世代生存。

Time to Shake off Greed and Heal the EarthEarth, as has always been regarded as mother to human beings, has fallen ill with the symptoms of the frequent eruption of natural disasters, the extinction of wild animals and the exhaustion of natural resources. And the situation illustrated should arouse great attention of all human beings.As a matter of fact, blinded by greed, human beings have great responsibility for the present situation we confront with. To start with, human beings are so economy-oriented that they ignore the protection of the environment. Then, population in the planet has experienced great booming, which makes more and more resources needed and exhausted, and in turn threatens to end human life. Finally, human beings excessively exploit and abuse non-renewable energy and resources just for the expanding of their own benefits, which will only lead to the darkness of future for their offspring.Since the vista of the human’s greed towards the Mother Earth is so terrible that we should stop the unreasonable exploitation of the earth. Let’s shake off greed and heal the earth, and build a better home for ourselves and for our later generations.PartⅢReading ComprehensionSection A答案详解：36、C)。

2013年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题第三套试卷及参考答案

2013年6月英语六级考试真题试卷（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark "A smile is the shortest distance between two people." You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words._____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Norman Borlaug: 'Father of the Green Revolution'Few people have quietly changed the world for the better more than this rural lad from the midwestern state of Iowa in the United States. The man in focus is Norman Borlaug, the Father of the 'Green Revolution', who died on September 12, 2009 at age 95.Norman Borlaug spent most of his 60 working years in the farmlands of Mexico, South Asia and later in Africa, fighting world hunger, and saving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process. An achievement, fit for a Nobel Peace Prize.Early Years"I'm a product of the great depression" is how Borlaug described himself. A great-grandson of Norwegian immigrants to the United States, Borlaug was born in 1914 and grew up on a small farm in the northeastern corner of Iowa in a town called Cresco. His family had a 40-hectare (公顷) farm on which they grew wheat, maize (玉米) and hay and raised pigs and cattle. Norman spent most of his time from age 7-17 on the farm, even as he attended a one-room, one-teacher school at New Oregon in Howard County.Borlaug didn't have money to go to college. But through a Great Depression era programme, known as the National Youth Administration, Borlaug was able to enroll in the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry. He excelled in studies and received his Ph.D. in plant pathology (病理学) and genetics in 1942. From 1942 to 1944, Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington. However, following the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, Borlaug tried tojoin the military, but was rejected under wartime labour regulations.In MexicoIn 1944, many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations were expanding faster than crop production. Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation-funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varieties of the crop. It involved research in genetics, plant breeding, plant pathology, entomology (昆虫学) , agronomy (农艺学) , soil science, and cereal technology. The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico, which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain.Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult. He lacked trained scientists and equipment. Native farmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of serious crop losses from 1939 to 1941 due to stem rust.Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall, thin stalks. While taller wheat competed better for sunlight, they had a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain -a trait called lodging. To overcome this, Borlaug worked on breeding wheat with shorter and stronger stalks, which could hold on larger seed heads. Borlaug's new semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties, called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62, changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically. By 1963 wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of 1944.Green Revolution in IndiaDuring the 1960s, South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had been importing wheat on a large scale from the United States. Borlaug came to India in 1963 along with Dr. Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent. The experiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi, under the supervision of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Pune and Indore. The results were promising, but large-scale success, however, was not instant. Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug from going ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India. By 1965, when the drought situation turned alarming, the Government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward. By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico, Borlaug was able to nearly double South Asian wheat harvests between 1965 and 1970.India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat, importing some 18000 tonnes of seed. By 1968, it was clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary. It was so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it, of bull carts to haul it to the threshing floor (打谷场) , of jute (麻黄) bags to store it. Local governments in some areas were forced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses.United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) observed that in 40 years between 1961 and 2001, "India more than doubled its population, from 452 million to more than 1 billion. At the same time, it nearly tripled its grain production from 87 million tonnes to 231 million tonnes. It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage (土地面积) a mere 8 percent."It was in India that Norman Borlaug's work was described as the 'Green Revolution.' In AfricaAfrica suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the 70s and 80s. Food and aid poured in from most developed countries into the continent, but thanks to the absence of efficient distribution system, the hungry remained empty-stomach. The then Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, Ryoichi Sasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were not extended to Africa. He called up Norman Borlaug. now leading a semi-retired life, for help. He managed to convince Borlaug to help with his new effort and subsequently founded the Sasakawa Africa Association. Borlaug later recalled, "but after I saw the terrible circumstances there, I said, 'Let's just start growing'".The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico. Those elements that allowed Borlaug's projects to succeed, such as well-organized economies and transportation and irrigation systems, were severely lacking throughout Africa. Because of this, Borlaug's initial projects were restricted to developed regions of the continent. Nevertheless, yields of maize, sorghum (高粱) and wheat doubled between 1983 and 1985.Nobel PrizeFor his contributions to the world food supply, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at 4:00 a. m., but Borlaug had already left for the test fields in the Toluca valley, about 65 km west of Mexico City. A chauffeur (司机) took her to the fields to inform her husband. In his acceptance speech, Borlaug said, "the first essential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind. Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world. Yet, 50 percent of the world population goes hungry."Green Revolution vs EnvironmentalistsBorlaug’s advocacy of intensive high-yield agriculture came under severe criticism from environmentalists in recent years. His work faced environmental and socio-economic criticisms, including charges that his methods have created dependence on monoculture crops, unsustainable farming practices, heavy indebtedness among subsistence farmers, and high levels of cancer among those who work with agriculture chemicals. There are also concerns about the long-term sustainability of fanning practices encouraged by the Green Revolution in both the developed and the developing world. In India, the Green Revolution is blamed for the destruction of Indian crop diversity, drought vulnerability, dependence on agro-chemicals that poison soils but reap large-scale benefits mostly to the American multi-national corporations. What these critics overwhelmingly advocate is a global movement towards "organic" or "sustainable" farming practices that avoid using chemicals and high technology in favour of natural fertilizers, cultivation and pest-control programmes.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2013.06英语六级真题(第3套)

T o t a l s c o r e710T o t a l t i m e a l l o w e d130m i n s 2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)P a r t I W r i t i n g(30m i n u t e s)D i r e c t i o n s:F o r t h i s p a r t,y o u a r e a l l o w e d30m i n u t e s t ow r i t e a n e s s a y c o m m e n t i n g o n t h e r e m a r kE a r t h p r o v i d e s e n o u g h t o s a t i s f y e v e r y m a n s n e e d.B u t n o t e v e r y m a n s g r e e d .Y o u c a n c i t e s o m e e x a m p l e s t o i l l u s t r a t e y o u r p o i n t.Y o u s h o u l dw r i t e a t l e a s t150w o r d s b u t n om o r e t h a n200w o r d s.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答㊂P a r t I I L i s t e n i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n(30m i n u t e s)说明:2013年6月大学英语六级考试,全国共考了两套听力㊂本套(即第3套)的听力真题与第2套的完全一样,只是选项的顺序不一样而已㊂故本套不再重复给出听力试题㊂P a r t I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n(40m i n u t e s) S e c t i o nAD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h i s s e c t i o n,t h e r e i s a p a s s a g ew i t h t e n b l a n k s.Y o u a r e r e q u i r e d t o s e l e c t o n ew o r d f o r e a c hb l a n k f r o m al i s to fc h o i c e s g i v e ni na w o r db a n k f o l l o w i n g t h e p a s s a g e.R e a dt h e p a s s a g et h r o u g hc a r e f u l l y b e f o r em a k i n gy o u r c h o i c e s.E a c h c h o i c e i n t h e b a n k i s ide n t if i e db y a l e t t e r.P l e a s em a r k t h e c o r r e s p o n d i ng l e t t e r f o r e a chi t e mo n A n s w e rS h e e t2w i t ha s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.Y o um a y n o t u s e a n y o f t h ew o r d s i n t h e b a n km o r e t h a n o n c e.Q u e s t i o n s36t o45a r e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e.T h e c o n t i n u o u s p r e s e n t a t i o no fs c a r y s t o r i e sa b o u t g l o b a lw a r m i n g i nt h e p o p u l a r m e d i a m a k e su s u n n e c e s s a r i l y f r i g h t e n e d.E v e nw o r s e,i t 36o u r k i d s.A lG o r e f a m o u s l y d e p i c t e dh o wa s e a-l e v e l r i s e o f20f e e tw o u l d a l m o s t c o m p l e t e l y f l o o dF l o r i d a,N e w Y o r k.H o l l a n d,a n dS h a n g h a i,e v e nt h o u g ht h e U n i t e d N a t i o n ss a y st h a ts u c hat h i n g w i l ln o te v e n h a p p e n,37t h a t s e a l e v e l sw i l l r i s e20t i m e s l e s s t h a n t h a t.W h e n 38 w i t h t h e s e e x a g g e r a t i o n s,s o m e o f u s s a y t h a t t h e y a r e f o r a g o o d c a u s e,a n d s u r e l y t h e r e i s n oh a r md o n e i f t h e r e s u l t i s t h a tw e f o c u s e v e nm o r e o n t a c k l i n g c l i m a t e c h a n g e.T h i s 39 i sa s t o n i s h i n g l y w r o n g.S u c he x a g g e r a t i o n sd o p l e n t y o fh a r m.W o r r y i n g 40 a b o u t g l o b a lw a r m i n g m e a n s t h a tw ew o r r y l e s s a b o u t o t h e r t h i n g s,w h e r ew e c o u l dd o s om u c hm o r e g o o d.W e f o c u s,f o r e x a m p l e,o n g l o b a lw a r m i n g s i m p a c t o n m a l a r i a(疟疾) w h i c hw i l l p u t s l i g h t l y m o r e p e o p l e a t r i s k i n100y e a r s i n s t e a d o f t a c k l i n g t h e h a l f a b i l l i o n p e o p l e 41f r o m m a l a r i a t o d a y w i t h p r e v e n t i o n㊃1㊃a n d t r e a t m e n t p o l i c i e s t h a t a r em u c h c h e a p e r a n d d r a m a t i c a l l y m o r e 42 t h a n c a rb o n r e d uc t i o nw o u ld be .E x a g g e r a t i o na l s ow e a r s o u t t h e p u b l i c sw i l l i n g n e s s t o t a c k l e g l o b a l w a r m i n g.I f t h e p l a n e t i s 43 ,p e o p l ew o n d e r ,w h y d oa n y t h i n g ?Ar e c o r d54%o fA m e r i c a nv o t e r sn o w b e l i e v et h en e w sm e d i a m a k e g l o b a lw a r m i n g a p p e a rw o r s e t h a n i t r e a l l y i s .A 44 o f p e o p l e n o wb e l i e v e i n c o r r e c t l y t h a t g l o b a l w a r m i n gi s n o t e v e n .B u t t h ew o r s t c o s t o f e x a g g e r a t i o n ,I b e l i e v e ,i s t h e 45 a l a r mt h a t i t c a u s e s p a r t i c u l a r l y a m o n g c h i l d r e n .A na r t i c l e i n T h eW a s h i n g t o nP o s t c i t e dn i n e -y e a r -o l dA l y s s a ,w h o c r i e s a b o u t t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f m a s s a n i m a l e x t i n c t i o n f r o m g l o b a lw a r m i n g .注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂A )p r e v a l e n t l yB )t e r r i f i e sC )e s t i m a t i n gD )m a j o r i t yE )e f f e c t i v e F )r i g o r o u s G )e x c e s s i v e l y H )m o r a l i t y I )s u f f e r i n gJ )c o n f r o n t e d K )q u a n t i t yL )d o o m e dM )u n n e c e s s a r yN )s u p pr e s s e s O )a r gu m e n t S e c t i o nBD i r e c t i o n s :I nt h i ss e c t i o n ,y o ua r e g o i n g t or e a d a p a s s a ge w i t ht e ns t a t e m e n t sa t t a c h e dt oi t .E a c h s t a t e m e n t c o n t a i n s i nf o r m a t i o ng i v e n i n o n e o f th e p a r a g r a p h s .I d e n ti f y t h e p a r a g r a p h f r o m w h i c h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i s d e r i v e d .Y o um a y c h o o s e a p a r a g r a p hm o r e t h a n o n c e .E a c h p a r a g r a p h i sm a r k e dw i t ha l e t t e r .A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b y m a r k i n g t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g le t t e r o n A n s w e r S h e e t 2.AN a t i o nT h a t sL o s i n g It s T o o l b o x [A ]T h e s c e n e i n s i d e t h eH o m eD e p o t o nW e ym a nA v e n u e h e r ew o u l d g i v e t h e o l d -t i m eA m e r i c a n c r a f t s m a n p a u s e .I nA i s l e 34i s p r e c u t p l a s t i c f l o o r i n g ,t h e g l u ea l r e a d y in p l a c e .I n A i s l e26a r e p r e f a b r i c a t e d w i n d o w s .S t a c k e d n e a r t h e c h e c k o u t c o u n t e r s ,a n d a s c o l o r f u l a s a F i s h e r -P r i c e t o y,i s a n o t -s o -s e r i o u s -l o o k i n gp o w e rt o o l :ab a t t e r y -o pe r a t e ds a w -a n d -d r i l lc o m b i n a t i o n .A n dif y o ud o n tw a n tt od oi t y o u r s e l f ,h e a d t oA i s l e 23o rA i s l e 35,w h e r e ah e l p d e s kw i l l a r r a n ge f o r a n i n s t a l l e r .[B ]I t s a l l v e r y h a n d y s t u f f ,I g u e s s ,a c o n v e n i e n tw a y t ob e a d o -i t -y o u r s e l f e rw i t h o u t b e i n g al l t h a t g o o d w i t h t o o l s .B u t a t a t i m ew h e n t h eA m e r i c a n f a c t o r y s e e m s t o b e a s h r i n k i n g pr e s e n c e ,a n dw h e n g o o d m a n u f a c t u r i n g j o b s h a v e v a n i s h e d ,p e r h a p s n e v e r t o r e t u r n ,t h e r e i s s o m e t h i n g d e e p l y t r o u b l i n g ab o u t t h i s d i l u t i o no fA m e r ic a n c r a f t s m a n s h i p.[C ]T h i s i s n t a l a m e n t (伤感) o rn o tm e r e l y a l a m e n t f o rb y go n e t i m e s .I t sas o c i a l a n dc u l t u r a l i s s u e ,a sw e l l a s a n e c o n o m i c o n e .T h eH o m eD e p o t a p p r o a c h t o c r a f t s m a n s h i p s i m p l i f y i t ,d u m b i t d o w n ,h i r e a c o n t r a c t o r i s o n e s i g n a l t h a tm a s t e r i n g t o o l s a n dw o r k i n g w i t ho n e s h a n d s i s r e c e d i n gi nA m e r i c a a s ah o b b y ,a s av a l u e ds k i l l ,a s ac u l t u r a l i n f l u e n c e t h a t s h a p e d t h i n k i n g a n db e h a v i o r i n v a s t s e c t i o n s o f t h e c o u n t r y.[D ]T h a t s h o u l db e am a t t e r o f c o n c e r n i n a p r e s i d e n t i a l e l e c t i o n y e a r .Y e t n e i t h e rB a r a c kO b a m an o rM i t tR o m n e yp r o m o t e s h i m s e l f a s t o o l -s a v v y (使用工具很在行的)p r e s i d e n t i a l t i m b e r ,i nt h em o l do fa J i m m y C a r t e r ,a s k i l l e d c a r pe n t e r a n d c a b i n e tm a k e r .[E ]T h eO b a m a a d m i n i s t r a t i o nd o e sw o r r yp u b l i c l y a b o u tm a n uf a c t u r i ng ,a f i r s t c o u s i no f c r a f t s m a n shi p.W h e n t h eF o r dM o t o r C o m p a n y ,f o r e x a m p l e ,r e c e n t l y a n n o u n c e d t h a t i tw a s b r i n g i n gs o m e p r o d u c t i o n h o m e ,t h eW h i t eH o u s e c h e e r e d . W h e n y o u s e e t h i n g s l i k eF o r dm o v i n g n e w p r o d u c t i o n f r o m M e x i c o t oD e t r o i t ,i n s t e a do f t h eo t h e rw a y a r o u n d ,y o uk n o wt h i n g sa r ec h a n g i n g , s a y sG e n eS p e r l i n g,㊃2㊃d i re c t o r of t h eN a t i o n a l E c o n o m i cC o u n c i l.[F]A s k t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o no r t h eR e p u b l i c a n s o rm o s t a c a d e m i c sw h y A m e r i c a n e e d sm o r em a n u f a c t u r i n g, a n dt h e y r e s p o n d t h a t m a n u f a c t u r i n g g i v e s b i r t h t oi n n o v a t i o n,b r i n g s d o w n t h et r a d e d e f i c i t, s t r e n g t h e n s t h e d o l l a r,g e n e r a t e s j o b s,a r m s t h em i l i t a r y a n db r i n g s a b o u t a r e c o v e r y f r o mr e c e s s i o n.B u t r a r e l y,i fe v e r,d ot h e yp u b l i c l y t a k et h ea r g u m e n tas t e p f u r t h e r,a s s e r t i n g t h a ta g r o w i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g s e c t o r e n c o u r a g e s c r a f t s m a n s h i p a n dt h a t c r a f t s m a n s h i p i s,i fn o t ab i r t h r i g h t,t h e na v i t a l i n g r e d i e n t o f t h eA m e r i c a n s e l f-i m a g e a s a c a n-d o,i n v e n t i v e,w e-c a n-m a k e-a n y t h i n gp e o p l e.[G]T r a d i t i o n a lv o c a t i o n a l t r a i n i n g i n p u b l i ch i g hs c h o o l s i s g r a d u a l l y d e c l i n i n g,s t r a n d i n g t h o u s a n d so f y o u n gp e o p l ew h o s e e k t r a i n i n g f o r a c r a f tw i t h o u t g o i n g t o c o l l e g e.C o l l e g e s,f o r t h e i r p a r t,h a v e s i n c e 1985g r a d u a t e d f e w e r c h e m i c a l,m e c h a n i c a l,i n d u s t r i a l a n d m e t a l l u r g i c a l(冶金的)e n g i n e e r s,p a r t l y i n r e s p o n s e t o t h e r e d u c e d r o l e o fm a n u f a c t u r i n g,ab i g e m p l o y e r o f t h e m.[H]T h e d e c l i n e s t a r t e d i n t h e1950s,w h e nm a n u f a c t u r i n g g e n e r a t e d a s t u r d y28%o f t h e n a t i o n a l i n c o m e, o r g r o s s d o m e s t i c p r o d u c t,a n d e m p l o y e do n e-t h i r do f t h ew o r k f o r c e.T o d a y,f a c t o r y o u t p u t g e n e r a t e s j u s t12%o fG.D.P.a n d e m p l o y s b a r e l y9%o f t h e n a t i o n sw o r k e r s.M a s s l a y o f f s a n d p l a n t c l o s i n g s h a v ed r a w n p l e n t y o f h e a d l i n e s a n d p u b l i c d e b a t e o v e r t h e y e a r s,a n d t h e y s t i l l o c c a s i o n a l l y d o.B u t t h e d a m a g e t o s k i l l a n d c r a f t s m a n s h i p t h a t sn e e d e dt ob u i l dac o m p l e xa i r l i n e ro ra t r a c t o r,o r f o ra w o r k e r t om o v eu p f r o ma s s e m b l e r t om a c h i n i s t t o s u p e r v i s o r w e n t l a r g e l y u n n o t i c e d.[I] I na ne a r l i e r g e n e r a t i o n,w e l o s t o u r c o n n e c t i o n t o t h e l a n d,a n dn o w w e a r e l o s i n g o u r c o n n e c t i o n t o t h em a c h i n e r y w ed e p e n do n, s a y s M i c h a e l H o u t,as o c i o l o g i s ta tt h e U n i v e r s i t y o fC a l i f o r n i a, B e r k e l e y. P e o p l ew h o w o r k w i t ht h e i rh a n d s, h e w e n to n, a r ed o i n g t h i n g st o d a y t h a tw ec a l l s e r v i c e j o b s,i n r e s t a u r a n t s a n d l a u n d r i e s,o r i nm e d i c a l t e c h n o l o g y a n d t h e l i k e.[J]T h a t s o n e e x p l a n a t i o n f o r t h e d e c l i n e i n t r a d i t i o n a l c r a f t s m a n s h i p.L a c k o f i n t e r e s t i s a n o t h e r.T h e b i g m o n e y i s i nf i e l d s l i k ef i n a n c e.S t a r t i n g i nt h e1980s,s k i l l i nf i n a n c e g r e wi ni m p o r t a n c e,a n d,a s d e p i c t e d i n t h en e w sm e d i a a n d t h em o v i e s,b e c a m e am o r e a p p e a l i n g s o u r c e o f i n c o m e. [K]B y l a s t y e a r,W a l lS t r e e t t r a d e r s,b a n k e r sa n dt h o s ew h od e a l i nr e a l e s t a t e g e n e r a t e d21%o f t h e n a t i o n a l i n c o m e,d o u b l et h e i rs h a r e i nt h e1950s.A n d W a r r e nB u f f e t t,t h e g o o d-n a t u r e df i n a n c i e r, b e c a m e ah o m e s p u nf o l kh e r o,w i t h o u tt h et o o l sa n d o v e r a l l s(工作服). Y o u n gp e o p l e g r o w u p w i t h o u t d e v e l o p i n g t h es k i l l st of i xt h i n g sa r o u n dt h eh o u s e, s a y sR i c h a r dC u r t i n,d i r e c t o ro f t h e T h o m s o nR e u t e r s/U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a nS u r v e y so fC o n s u m e r s. T h e y k n o wa b o u tc o m p u t e r s,o f c o u r s e,b u t t h e y d o n t k n o wh o wt ob u i l d t h e m.[L]M a n u f a c t u r i n g ss h r i n k i n gp r e s e n c eu n d o u b t e d l y h e l p se x p l a i nt h ed e c l i n e i nc r a f t s m a n s h i p,i fo n l y b e c a u s em a n y o f t h e n a t i o n s a s s e m b l y l i n ew o r k e r sw e r e s k i l l e d i n c r a f tw o r k,i f n o t o n t h e j o b t h e n i n t h e i r s p a r e t i m e.I n a l a t e1990s s t u d y o f b l u e-c o l l a r e m p l o y e e s a t aG e n e r a lM o t o r s p l a n t(n o wc l o s e d) i nL i n d e n,N.J.,t h e s o c i o l o g i s tR u t h M i l k m a no fC i t y U n i v e r s i t y o fN e w Y o r k f o u n d t h a tm a n y l i n e w o r k e r s,i n t h e i r o f f-h o u r s,d i dh o m e r e n o v a t i o n a n d o t h e r s k i l l e dw o r k. I h a v e o f t e n t h o u g h t, M s. M i l k m a ns a y s, t h a t t h e s e e x t r a c u r r i c u l a r j o b sw e r e a n e f f o r t o n t h e p a r t o f t h ew o r k e r s t o r e g a i n t h e i r d i g n i t y a f t e r s u f f e r i n g t h e d e g r a d a t i o no f r e p e t i t i v e a s s e m b l y l i n ew o r k i n t h e f a c t o r y. [M]C r a f t w o r k h a sh i g h e rs t a t u si n n a t i o n sl i k e G e r m a n y,w h i c hi n v e s t si n a p p r e n t i c e s h i p(学徒) p r o g r a m s f o r h i g h s c h o o l s t u d e n t s. C o r p o r a t i o n s i nG e r m a n y r e a l i z e d t h a t t h e r ew a s a n i n t e r e s t t ob e s e r v e d e c o n o m i c a l l y a n d p a t r i o t i c a l l y i nb u i l d i n g u p as k i l l e d l a b o r f o r c ea th o m e;w en e v e rh a dt h a t e t h o s(风气), s a y sR i c h a r dS e n n e t t,aN e w Y o r k U n i v e r s i t y s o c i o l o g i s tw h oh a sw r i t t e na b o u t t h e㊃3㊃c o n n e c t i o no f c r a f t a nd c u l t u r e.[N]T h e d a m a g e t oA m e r i c a n c r a f t s m a n s h i p s e e m s t o p a r a l l e l t h e s t e e p s l i d e i nm a n u f a c t u r i n g e m p l o y m e n t. T h o u g h t h e d e c l i n e s t a r t e d i n t h e1970s,i t b e c a m em u c h s t e e p e r b e g i n n i n g i n2000.S i n c e t h e n,s o m e 5.3m i l l i o n j o b s,o r o n e-t h i r do f t h ew o r k f o r c e i nm a n u f a c t u r i n g,h a v eb e e n l o s t.As t a t e d g o a l o f t h e O b a m a a d m i n i s t r a t i o n i s t o r e s t o r e ab i g c h u n ko f t h i s e m p l o y m e n t,a l o n g w i t h t h em u l t i t u d eo f s k i l l s t h a tm a n y o f t h e j o b s r e q u i r e d.[O]A s f o r c r a f t s m a n s h i p i t s e l f,t h e i s s u e i s h o wt o p r e s e r v e i t a s av a l u e ds k i l l i n t h e g e n e r a l p o p u l a t i o n. M s.M i l k m a n,t h es o c i o l o g i s t,a r g u e s t h a tA m e r i c a nc r a f t s m a n s h i p i s n td i s a p p e a r i n g a s q u i c k l y a s s o m ew o u l da r g u e t h a t i th a si n s t e a ds h i f t e dt oi m m i g r a n t s. P r i d ei nc r a f t,i t i sa l i v ei nt h e i m m i g r a n tw o r l d, s h e s a y s.[P]S o lA x e l r o d,37,t h e m a n a g e ro ft h e H o m e D e p o th e r e,f i t t i n g l y l e a r n e dt of i xh i so w nc a ra sa t e e n a g e r,e v e n c h a n g i n g t h eb r a k e s.N o wh e f i n d s i m m i g r a n t c r a f t s m e n g a t h e r e d i n a b u n d a n c e o u t s i d e h i s s t o r e i n t h e e a r l y m o r n i n g,w a i t i n g f o r i t t oo p e ns o t h e y c a nb u y s u p p l i e s f o r t h ed a y sw o r ka s c o n t r a c t o r s.S k i l l e dd a y l a b o r e r s,a l s om o s t l y i m m i g r a n t s,w a i t q u i e t l y i nh o p e s o f b e i n g h i r e db y t h e c o n t r a c t o r s.[Q]M r.A x e l r o da l s os a y s t h e r e c e s s i o na n d p e r s i s t e n t l y h i g hu n e m p l o y m e n th a v e f o r c e dm a n yp e o p l e t o t r y t o s a v em o n e y b y d o i n g m o r e t h e m s e l v e s,a n dH o m eD e p o t i n r e s p o n s e o f f e r s c l a s s e s i n f i x i n g w a t e r t a p s a n do t h e r s i m p l e r e p a i r s.T h e t e a c h e r s a r e s t o r e e m p l o y e e s,m a n y o f t h e mo l d e r a n d s e m i-r e t i r e d f r o ma s k i l l e d t r a d e,o r l a i do f f.[R] O u r c u s t o m e r sm a y n o t b eb u i l d i n g c a b i n e t s o r o u t d o o r d e c k s;w e t r y t od o t h a t f o r t h e m, M r.A x e l r o d s a y s, b u t s o m e a r e t r y i n g t o b u i l du p s k i l l s o t h e y c a nd om o r e f o r t h e m s e l v e s i n t h e s e h a r d t i m e s.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂46.T h e a u t h o r b e l i e v e s t h a tm a n u f a c t u r i n g e n c o u r a g e s c r a f t s m a n s h i p.47.T h e a u t h o r f e l t t r o u b l e d a b o u t t h ew e a k e n i n g o fA m e r i c a n c r a f t s m a n s h i p.48.M a s t e r i n g t o o l s a n dw o r k i n g w i t ho n e s h a n d s s h a p e s p e o p l e s t h i n k i n g a n db e h a v i o r.49.A m e r i c a sm a n u f a c t u r i n g i n t h e1950s c o n s t i t u t e d28%o f t h e g r o s s d o m e s t i c p r o d u c t.50.T h e g o v e r n m e n tw e l c o m e d s o m e c o m p a n i e s d e c i s i o n t ob r i n g s o m e p r o d u c t i o nb a c k t oA m e r i c a.51.A s o c i o l o g i s tb e l i e v e st h a t A m e r i c a nc r a f t s m a n s h i p,i n s t e a do fd i s a p p e a r i n g,i sb e i n g t a k e nu p b yi m m i g r a n t s.52.A c c o r d i n g t o am a n a g e r o fH o m eD e p o t,p e o p l e a r e t r y i n g r i d e o u t t h e r e c e s s i o nb y b u i l d i n g u p s k i l l s.53.M a n y a s s e m b l y l i n ew o r k e r sd i dh o m e r e n o v a t i o na n do t h e r s k i l l e dw o r k i nt h e i ro f f-h o u r s i no r d e r t o r e g a i n t h e i r d i g n i t y.54.P e o p l e c a ne a r nm o r em o n e y i nf i e l d so t h e r t h a n m a n u f a c t u r i n g,w h i c h i sa f a c t o r c o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h ed e c l i n e i n t r a d i t i o n a l c r a f t s m a n s h i p.55.C o m p a r e dw i t h t h a t i nA m e r i c a,t h e s t a t u s o f c r a f tw o r k i n s o m e c o u n t r i e s i s h i g h e r b e c a u s e c r a f tw o r ki s e n c o u r a g e d a m o n g h i g hs c h o o l s t u d e n t s.S e c t i o nCD i r e c t i o n s:T h e r e a r e2p a s s a g e s i n t h i s s e c t i o n.E a c h p a s s a g e i s f o l l o w e d b y s o m e q u e s t i o n s o r u n f i n i s h e d s t a t e m e n t s.F o r e a c h o f t h e mt h e r e a r e f o u r c h o i c e sm a r k e dA),B),C)a n dD).Y o u s h o u l dd e c i d e o n t h e b e s t c h o i c e a n dm a r k t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e r o n A n s w e r S h e e t2w i t ha s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.㊃4㊃P a s s a g e o n eQ u e s t i o n s56t o60a r e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e.T h e r e p o r t f r o mt h eB u r e a uo fL a b o rS t a t i s t i c sw a s j u s t a s g l o o m y a sa n t i c i p a t e d.U n e m p l o y m e n t i n J a n u a r y j u m p e d t o a16-y e a rh i g ho f7.6p e r c e n t,a s598,000j o b sw e r es l a s h e df r o m U S p a y r o l l s i nt h e w o r s t s i n g l e-m o n t hd e c l i n es i n c eD e c e m b e r,1974.W i t h1.8m i l l i o n j o b s l o s t i nt h e l a s t t h r e e m o n t h s, t h e r e i s u r g e n t d e s i r e t o b o o s t t h e e c o n o m y a s q u i c k l y a s p o s s i b l e.B u tW a s h i n g t o nw o u l d d ow e l l t o t a k e a d e e p b r e a t hb e f o r e r e a c t i n g t o t h e g r i mn u m b e r s.C o l l e c t i v e l y,w e r e l y o n t h eu n e m p l o y m e n t f i g u r e sa n do t h e r s t a t i s t i c s t o f r a m eo u r s e n s eo f r e a l i t y. T h e y a r e a v i t a l p a r t o f a n a r r a y o f d a t a t h a tw e u s e t o a s s e s s i fw e r e d o i n g w e l l o r d o i n g b a d l y,a n d t h a t i n t u r n s h a p e s g o v e r n m e n t p o l i c i e s a n d c o r p o r a t eb u d g e t s a n d p e r s o n a l s p e n d i n g d e c i s i o n s.T h e p r o b l e mi s t h a tt h e s t a t i s t i c s a r e n t a n o b j e c t i v e m e a s u r e o fr e a l i t y;t h e y a r e s i m p l y a b e s t a p p r o x i m a t i o n.D i r e c t i o n a l l y,t h e y c a p t u r e t h e t r e n d s,b u t t h e i d e a t h a tw e k n o w p r e c i s e l y h o w m a n y a r e u n e m p l o y e d i s a m y t h.T h a tm a k e s f i n d i n g a s o l u t i o na l l t h em o r e d i f f i c u l t.F i r s t,t h e r e i st h e w a y t h ed a t ai sa s s e m b l e d.T h eo f f i c i a lu n e m p l o y m e n tr a t e i st h e p r o d u c to fa t e l e p h o n e s u r v e y o f a b o u t60,000h o m e s.T h e r e i s a n o t h e r s u r v e y,s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d t oa s t h e p a y r o l l s u r v e y, t h a t a s s e s s e s400,000b u s i n e s s e s b a s e do n t h e i r r e p o r t e d p a y r o l l s.B o t hs u r v e y sh a v e p r o b l e m s. T h e p a y r o l l s u r v e y c a ne a s i l y d o u b l e-c o u n t s o m e o n e:i f y o ua r e o n e p e r s o nw i t h t w o j o b s,y o u s h o wu p a s t w ow o r k e r s.T h e p a y r o l l s u r v e y a l s o d o e s n t c a p t u r e t h e n u m b e r o f s e l f-e m p l o y e d,a n d s o s a y s l i t t l e a b o u t h o w m a n yp e o p l e a r e g e n e r a t i n g a n i n d e p e n d e n t i n c o m e.T h e h o u s e h o l d s u r v e y h a s a l a r g e r p r o b l e m.W h e n a s k e d s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d l y,p e o p l e t e n d t o l i e o r s h a d e t h e t r u t h w h e nt h es u b j e c t i ss e x,m o n e y o re m p l o y m e n t.I f y o u g e tac a l la n da r ea s k e di f y o u r e e m p l o y e d,a n d y o u s a yy e s,y o u r ee m p l o y e d.I f y o us a y n o,h o w e v e r,i tm a y s u r p r i s e y o u t o l e a r n t h a t y o ua r e o n l y u n e m p l o y e d i f y o u v eb e e na c t i v e l y l o o k i n g f o rw o r k i n t h e p a s t f o u rw e e k s;o t h e r w i s e,y o u a r e m a r g i n a l l y a t t a c h e d t o t h e l a b o r f o r c e a n dn o t a c t u a l l y u n e m p l o y e d.T h eu r g e t o q u a n t i f y i se m b e d d e d i no u rs o c i e t y.B u t t h e i d e at h a t s t a t i s t i c i a n sc a nt h e nc a p t u r ea n o b j e c t i v e r e a l i t y i s n t j u s t i m p o s s i b l e.I t a l s o l e a d s t os e r i o u sm i s j u d g m e n t s.D e m o c r a t sa n dR e p u b l i c a n s c a na n dw i l l t a k es i d e so nan u m b e ro f i s s u e s,b u ta m o r ec r u c i a l c o n c e r n i s t h a tb o t ha r eb a s i n g m a j o r p o l i c y d e c i s i o n s o n g u e s s t i m a t e s r a t h e r t h a n l o o k i n g a t t h e v a s tw e a l t h o f r a wd a t aw i t h a c r i t i c a l e y e a n d a n o p e nm i n d.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂56.W h a t d ow e l e a r n f r o mt h e f i r s t p a r a g r a p h?A)T h eU Se c o n o m i c s i t u a t i o n i s g o i n g f r o mb a d t ow o r s e.B)W a s h i n g t o n i s t a k i n g d r a s t i cm e a s u r e s t o p r o v i d em o r e j o b s.C)T h eU S g o v e r n m e n t i s s l a s h i n g m o r e j o b s f r o mi t s p a y r o l l s.D)T h e r e c e n t e c o n o m i c c r i s i s h a s t a k e n t h eU Sb y s u r p r i s e.57.W h a t d o e s t h e a u t h o r t h i n ko f t h eu n e m p l o y m e n t f i g u r e s a n do t h e r s t a t i s t i c s?A)T h e y f o r ma s o l i db a s i s f o r p o l i c y m a k i n g.B)T h e y r e p r e s e n t t h e c u r r e n t s i t u a t i o n.C)T h e y s i g n a l f u t u r e e c o n o m i c t r e n d s.D)T h e y d on o t f u l l y r e f l e c t t h e r e a l i t y.58.O n e p r o b l e m w i t h t h e p a y r o l l s u r v e y i s t h a t.A)i t d o e s n o t i n c l u d e a l l t h eb u s i n e s s e s B)i t f a i l s t o c o u n t i n t h e s e l f-e m p l o y e d㊃5㊃C)i tm a g n i f i e s t h en u m b e r o f t h e j o b l e s s D)i t d o e s n o t t r e a t a l l c o m p a n i e s e q u a l l y59.T h eh o u s e h o l d s u r v e y c a nb e f a u l t y i n t h a t.A)p e o p l e t e n d t o l i ew h e n t a l k i n g o n t h e p h o n eB)n o t e v e r y b o d y i sw i l l i n g o r r e a d y t o r e s p o n dC)s o m e p e o p l ew o n t p r o v i d e t r u t h f u l i n f o r m a t i o nD)t h e d e f i n i t i o no f u n e m p l o y m e n t i s t o ob r o a d60.A t t h e e n do f t h e p a s s a g e,t h e a u t h o r s u g g e s t s t h a t.A)s t a t i s t i c i a n s i m p r o v e t h e i r d a t a a s s e m b l i n g m e t h o d sB)d e c i s i o nm a k e r s v i e wt h e s t a t i s t i c sw i t ha c r i t i c a l e y eC)p o l i t i c i a n s l i s t e nm o r eb e f o r em a k i n gp o l i c y d e c i s i o n sD)D e m o c r a t s a n dR e p u b l i c a n s c o o p e r a t e o n c r u c i a l i s s u e sP a s s a g eT w oQ u e s t i o n s61t o65a r e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e.A t s o m e p o i n t i n2008,s o m e o n e,p r o b a b l y i ne i t h e rA s i ao rA f r i c a,m a d e t h ed e c i s i o n t om o v e f r o m t h e c o u n t r y s i d e t o t h e c i t y.T h i sn a m e l e s s p e r s o n p u s h e d t h eh u m a nr a c eo v e r ah i s t o r i c t h r e s h o l d,f o r i t w a s i n t h a t y e a r t h a tm a n k i n db e c a m e,f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e i n i t s h i s t o r y,a p r e d o m i n a n t l y u r b a n s p e c i e s.I t i s a t r e n d t h a t s h o w s n o s i g n o f s l o w i n g.D e m o g r a p h e r s(人口统计学者)r e c k o n t h a t t h r e e-q u a r t e r s o f h u m a n i t y c o u l db e c i t y-d w e l l i n g b y2050,w i t hm o s t o f t h e i n c r e a s e c o m i n g i n t h e f a s t-g r o w i n g t o w n s o f A s i aa n dA f r i c a.M i g r a n t s t oc i t i e s a r e a t t r a c t e db yp l e n t i f u l j o b s,a c c e s s t oh o s p i t a l s a n de d u c a t i o n,a n d t h e a b i l i t y t o e s c a p e t h eb o r e d o m o f a f a r m e r sa g r i c u l t u r a l l i f e.T h o s e f a c t o r sa r em o r e t h a ne n o u g ht o m a k eu p f o r t h e s q u a l o r(肮脏),d i s e a s ea n ds p e c t a c u l a r p o v e r t y t h a t t h o s es a m em i g r a n t sm u s t o f t e na t f i r s t e n d u r ew h e n t h e y b e c o m eu r b a nd w e l l e r s.I t i s t h e c i t y t h a t i n s p i r e s t h e l a t e s t b o o k f r o mP e t e r S m i t h.H i sm a i n t h e s i s i s t h a t t h e b u z z o f u r b a n l i f e,a n d t h e o p p o r t u n i t i e s i t o f f e r s f o r c o-o p e r a t i o na n dc o l l a b o r a t i o n,i sw h a t a t t r a c t s p e o p l e t o t h e c i t y, w h i c h i nt u r n m a k e sc i t i e si n t ot h ee n g i n e so fa r t,c o m m e r c e,s c i e n c ea n d p r o g r e s s.T h i si sh a r d l y r e v o l u t i o n a r y,b u t i t i s p r e s e n t e d i n a c h a r m i n g f o r m a t.M r.S m i t hh a sw r i t t e n a b r e e z y g u i d e b o o k,w i t h a s e r i e s o f s h o r t c h a p t e r s d e d i c a t e d t o s p e c i f i c a s p e c t s o f u r b a n i t y p a r k s,s a y,o r t h e v a r i o u s s c h e m e s t h a t h a v eb e e n p u t f o r w a r do v e r t h e y e a r s f o rb u i l d i n g t h e p e r f e c tc i t y.T h er e s u l t i sas o r to fh i g h-q u a l i t y, u n u s u a l l y r i g o r o u s c o f f e e-t a b l eb o o k,d e s i g n e d t ob e d i p p e d i n t o r a t h e r t h a n r e a d f r o mb e g i n n i n g t o e n d.I nt h ec h a p t e ro n s k y s c r a p e r s,f o re x a m p l e,M r.S m i t ht o u c h e s o n c o n s t r u c t i o n m e t h o d s,t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y i n v e n t i o no f t h e a u t o m a t i c l i f t,t h e p r a c t i c a l i t i e s o f l i v i n g i n t h e s k y a n d t h e l i k e l i h o o d t h a t,a sc i t i e s b e c o m e m o r ec r o wde d,a p a r t m e n tl i v i n g w i l lb e c o m et h en o r m.B u tt h e r ei sa l s ot i m ef o rb r i e fd i ve r s i o n s o n t ob i z a r r e g r o u n d,s u c ha sad i s c u s s i o nof t h es k y s c r a p e r i n d e x(w h i c hh o l d s t h a t ab o o mi n s k y s c r a p e r c o n s t r u c t i o n i s a f o o l p r o o f s ig no f a n i m m i n e n t r e c e s s i o n).O n eo b v i o u s c r i t i c i s mi s t h a t t h e p r i c e o f b r e a d t h i s d e p t h;m a n y o fM r.S m i t h s e s s a y s r a i s e a sm a n y q u e s t i o n s a s t h e y a n s w e r.A l t h o u g h t h a t c a n i n d e e d b e f r u s t r a t i n g,t h i s i s p r o b a b l y t h e o n l y w a y t o t r e a t s o g r a n da t o p i c.T h e c i t y i s t h e b u i l d i n g b l o c ko f c i v i l i s a t i o n a n d o f a l m o s t e v e r y t h i n g p e o p l e d o;a g u i d e b o o k t o t h e c i t y i s r e a l l y,t h e r e f o r e,a g u i d e b o o k t oh o wa l a r g e a n d e v e r-g r o w i n g c h u n ko f h u m a n i t y c h o o s e s t o l i v e.M r.S m i t h sb o o ks e r v e sa sa ne x c e l l e n t i n t r o d u c t i o nt oav a s t s u b j e c t,a n dw i l l s u g g e s t p l e n t y o f f u r t h e r l i n e s o f i n q u i r y.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂㊃6㊃。

2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解

2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解Part ⅠWritingThe Impact of the Information ExplosionAs is known to us all, we are now living in the age of “information explosion”. That is, we are surrounded by much information. It is true that information explosion brings convenience to our life, but it also leads to the distraction of our attention.Just as the famous saying goes, “A wealth of information creates a poverty of attention.” .For example, there are so many advertisements on the Internet that we are easily distracted by the irrelevant information of the target website. In addition, the information itself is of various kinds, either healthy or violent. The bad information may even arouse violent crimes.Therefore, it is high time we adopted proper methods to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information. For one thing, we can make a list of key words about what we will search on the Internet. For another, we can set a time limit for the search of the target information. Thus, the search is more effective and time is saved greatly at the same time.PartⅢReading ComprehensionSection A答案详解：36、H)。

(2013.6-2013.12)大学英语六级真题及解析汇总(全年完整版)+作文模板

（2013.6-2013.12）大学英语六级真题及解析汇总（全年完整版）+作文模板目录2013年12月大学英语六级真题 (1)2013年6月英语六级完形填空原文+答案 (35)六级作文模板 (41)2013年12月大学英语六级真题tory courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such pro grams can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring(辅导) of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

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2013年6月第三套 PART TWONorman Borlaug: 'Father of the Green Revolution'Few people have quietly changed the world for the better more than this rural lad from the midwestern state of Iowa in the United States. The man in focus is Norman Borlaug, the Father of the 'Green Revolution', who died on September 12, 2009 at age 95. Norman Borlaug spent most of his 60 working years in the farmlands of Mexico, South Asia and later in Africa, fighting world hunger, and saving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process. An achievement, fit for a Nobel Peace Prize.Early Years"I'm a product of the great depression" is how Borlaug described himself. A great-grandson of Norwegian immigrants to the United States, Borlaug was born in 1914 and grew up on a small farm in the northeastern corner of Iowa in a town called Cresco. His family had a 40-hectare (公顷) farm on which they grew wheat, maize (玉米) and hay and raised pigs and cattle. Norman spent most of his time from age 7-17 on the farm, even as he attended a one-room, one-teacher school at New Oregon in Howard County.Borlaug didn't have money to go to college. But through a Great Depression eraprogramme, known as the National Youth Administration, Borlaug was able to enroll in the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry. He excelled in studies and received his Ph.D. in plant pathology (病理学) and genetics in 1942. From 1942 to 1944, Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington. However, following the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, Borlaug tried to join the military, but was rejected under wartime labour regulations.In MexicoIn 1944, many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations were expanding faster than crop production. Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation-funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varieties of the crop. It involved research in genetics, plant breeding, plant pathology, entomology (昆虫学) , agronomy (农艺学) , soil science, and cereal technology. The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico, which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain.Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult. He lacked trained scientists and equipment. Native farmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of serious crop losses from 1939 to 1941 due to stem rust.Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall, thin stalks. While taller wheat competed better for sunlight, they had a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain - a trait called lodging. To overcome this, Borlaug worked on breeding wheat with shorter and stronger stalks, which could hold on larger seed heads. Borlaug's new semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties, called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62, changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically. By 1963 wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of 1944.Green Revolution in IndiaDuring the 1960s, South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had been importing wheat on a large scale from the United States. Borlaug came to India in1963 along with Dr. Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent. The experiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi, under the supervision of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Pune and Indore. The results were promising, but large-scale success, however, was not instant. Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug from going ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India. By 1965, when the drought situation turned alarming, the Government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward. By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico, Borlaug was able to nearly double South Asian wheat harvests between 1965 and 1970.India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat, importing some 18000 tonnes of seed. By 1968, it was clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary. It was so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it, of bull carts to haul it to the threshing floor (打谷场) , of jute (麻黄) bags to store it. Local governments in some areas were forced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses.United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) observed that in 40 years between 1961 and 2001, "India more than doubled its population, from 452 million to more than 1 billion. At the same time, it nearly tripled its grain production from 87 million tonnes to 231 million tonnes. It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage (土地面积) a mere 8 percent."It was in India that Norman Borlaug's work was described as the 'Green Revolution.'In AfricaAfrica suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the 70s and 80s. Food and aid poured in from most developed countries into the continent, but thanks to the absence of efficient distribution system, the hungry remained empty-stomach. The then Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, Ryoichi Sasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were not extended to Africa. He called up Norman Borlaug. now leading a semi-retired life, for help. He managed to convince Borlaug to help with his new effort and subsequently founded the Sasakawa Africa Association. Borlaug later recalled, "but after I saw the terrible circumstances there, I said, 'Let's just start growing'".The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico. Those elements that allowed Borlaug's projects to succeed, such as well-organized economies and transportation and irrigation systems, were severely lacking throughout Africa. Because of this, Borlaug's initial projects were restricted to developed regions of the continent. Nevertheless, yields of maize, sorghum (高粱) and wheat doubled between 1983 and 1985.Nobel PrizeFor his contributions to the world food supply, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at 4:00 a. m., but Borlaug had already left for the test fields in the Toluca valley, about 65 km west of Mexico City. A chauffeur (司机) took her to the fields to inform her husband. In hisacceptance speech, Borlaug said, "the first essential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind. Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world. Yet, 50 percent of the world population goes hungry."Green Revolution vs EnvironmentalistsBorlaug's advocacy of intensive high-yield agriculture came under severe criticism from environmentalists in recent years. His work faced environmental and socio-economic criticisms, including charges that his methods have created dependence on monoculture crops, unsustainable farming practices, heavy indebtedness among subsistence farmers, and high levels of cancer among those who work with agriculture chemicals. There are also concerns about the long-term sustainability of fanning practices encouraged by the Green Revolution in both the developed and the developing world.In India, the Green Revolution is blamed for the destruction of Indian crop diversity, drought vulnerability, dependence on agro-chemicals that poison soils but reap large-scale benefits mostly to the American multi-national corporations. What these critics overwhelmingly advocate is a global movement towards "organic" or "sustainable" farming practices that avoid using chemicals and high technology in favour of natural fertilizers, cultivation and pest-control programmes.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。