专八人文常识辅导材料(英国文学)

British Literature: A Concise HistoryI. Review (P.162) 补充091. Ode to the West Wind was written by _____. (2009)A. William Blake.B. William Wordsworth.C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge.D. Percy B. Shelley.2. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by __. (2009)A. Thomas Hardy.B. John Galsworthy.C. D.H. Lawrence.D. James Joyce.3. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by ______. (2008)A. William LanglandB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. William ShakespeareD. Alfred Tennyson4. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT ______. (2008)A. George EliotB. Iris Jean MurdochC. Dons LessingD. Muriel Spark5. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte? (2007)A. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights6. William Butler Yeats was a(n) ____ poet andplaywright. (2007)A. AmericanB. CanadianC. IrishD. Australian7. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century? (2006)A. T.S. EliotB. D. H. LawrenceC. Theodore DreiserD. James Joyce8. _____is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into 14 lines. (2006)A. Free verseB. SonnetC. OdeD. Epigram9. The novel Emma is written by____. (2005)A. Mary ShellyB. Charlotte BronteC. Elizabeth GaskellD. Jane Austen10. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet? (2005)A. William WordsworthB. George EliotC. George ByronD. Percy ShellyII. Historical Periods (P. 10)1. Old and Medieval Times: 5th-15th2. The Period of Renaissance: late 15th-early 17th3. The Period of Revolution and Restoration: 17th4. The Neo-classical Period: 18th (Enlightenment)5. The Romantic Period: at the turn of the 18th and 19th6. The Victorian Period: 19th7. The Modern Period: 20thIII. Key Figures1. Geoffrey Chaucer2. William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, Francis Bacon, Ben Jonson, Christopher Marlowe3. John Milton, John Dryden4. Richard Sheridan, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defoe5. William Wordsworth, George Byron, P.B Shelly, John Keats, Jane Austen6. Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, the Bronte sisters, George Eliot, Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning, Oscar Wilde7. G.B. Shaw, Thomas Hardy, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, D.H. Lawrence, William Yeats, T.S. EliotIV. Sample1. It is________alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. William LanglandB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. William ShakespeareD. Charles Dickens2. _______ is called “the poets’ poet” whose masterpiece is _________.A. Edmund Spencer, The Faerie QueeneB.William Wordsworth, The PreludeC. George Byron, Don JuanD.John Milton, Paradise Lost3. It is generally regarded that Keats’s most important and mature poems are in the form of.A. elegyB. odeC. epicD. sonnet4. ________ embodies both Puritanism and Humanism in mid-17th century England.A. John BunyanB. John DrydenC. John MiltonD. John Donne5. Who is NOT the major figure of modernist movement?A. T.S. EliotB. James JoyceC. William YeatsD. George Eliot6. Who is considered to be the best known English dramatist since Shakespeare?A. Oscar WildeB. Richard SheridanC. Christopher MarloweD. George Bernard Shaw7. Of the following poets, which is NOT regarded as “Lake Poets”?A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SouthyC. William WordsworthD. William Yeats8. In the first part of Gulliver’s Travels, Gulliver told his experience in.A. LilliputB. BrobdingnagC. the country of HouyhnhnmsD. Laputa9. Which of the following works is NOT written by G.B. Shaw?A. PygmalionB. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionC. Heartbreak HouseD. The Old Curiosity Shop10. “The Vanity Fair” is a well-known part in______.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersC. The Life and Death of Mr. BadmanD. The Holy War11. Which of the following writing is NOT a work byCharles Dickens?A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. Hard TimesC. Oliver TwistD. Sons and Lovers12. Who is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”?A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Jane Austen13. Which of the following plays is NOT written byWilliam Shakespeare?A. Henry VIIIB. Edward IIC. Richard IIID. King Lear14. Which of the following writers was NOT fromIreland?A. W.B.Yeats B. Robert BurnsC. James JoyceD. Jonathan Swift15. ______is the father of materialism in philosophyand science in England.A. Francis BaconB. Thomas HuxleyC. Matthew ArnoldD. Karl Marx16. Oscar Wilde was the representative among thewriters of________ .A. aestheticismB. critical realismC. pre-romanticismD. sentimentalism17. ______was a critical realist, whose novels are mainly a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society .A. George EliotB. Elizabeth GaskellC. W.M. ThackerayD. Charles Dickens18. In_____ , the chaos of the contemporary world andthe despair of westerners after the first world war are expressed.A. Ode to the West WindB. The Waste LandC. I Wandered Lonely as a CloudD. Tess of the D’Urbervilles19. _____wrote under the influence of Scottish folktradition and old Scottish poetry.A. Jonathan SwiftB. Robert BurnsC. William BlakeD. Geoffrey Chaucer20. The greatest English critical realist novelist was ,who criticized the bourgeois civilization and showed the misery of the common people.A. Emily BronteB. Charles DickensC. W.M. ThackerayD. Charlotte Bronte21. The principal elements of novel are mystery,horror and suspense.A. GothicB. RomanticC. SentimentalD. Realistic22. Friday is a character in the novel .A. Tom Jones, a FoundlingB. Robinson CrusoeC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. Rob Roy23. ____by Alexander Pope is taken as a manifesto of the English Neo-classicism as Pope put forward his aesthetic theories in it.A. Essay on CriticismB. The Rape of the LockC. DunciadD. An Essay on Man24. Christopher Marlowe first made theprincipal instrument of English drama.A. blank verseB. heroic coupletC. free verseD. monologueOld and Medieval TimesPoetry: The national epic: Beowulf (alliteration)The most outstanding single romance: Sir Gawain and the Green KnightWilliam Langland: Piers the Plowman(vision & allegory) (7 Deadly Sins)Robin Hood Ballads (simplicity & dramatic intensity)Geoffrey Chaucer—the Father of English PoetryThe Canterbury Tales (humor & satire)1) He introduced the heroic couplet.2) He is the first great poet who wrote in Middle English.3) Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for modern English language.Prose: Alfred the Great: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; Sir Thomas Malory: Le Morte d’ Arthur (the swan-song of the feudal knighthood)Drama: miracle plays, morality plays & interludeThe Period of Renaissance3 stages:1) late 15th-the first half of the 16th2) “Elizabethan Age”: 1558-16033) “Dark Age”: Jacobean period (James I’s reign 1603-1625)2 trends:court literature; bourgeois literatureThe Period of RenaissanceThe first stage:Poetry: Wyatt, HowardProse: Thomas MoreThe second stage:Poetry: Sydney, Spencer, ShakespeareProse Fiction: John Lily, Lodge, NasheDrama: Marlowe, Shakespeare’s comedies & early tragediesThe third stage:Poetry: Ben Jonson, John DonneDrama: Shakespeare’s tragedies & tragi-comedies; Ben Jonson’s comedies of humors; Beaumont & Fletcher’s tragi-comediesProse: Francis Bacon; the King James Bible of 1611 The Period of Renaissance1) Sir Thomas Wyatt: introducing the sonnet form from the ItalianHenry Howard: introducing the English form of sonnet and the blank verseThomas More: Utopia: written in Latin2) Sir Philip SidneyArcadia: pastoral romance; Astrophel and Stella(108 sonnets) (the first to write a sonnet sequence in England)Edmund Spenser—“the poets’ poet”The Shepherds Calendar: his first important poem marking the budding of English poetry in Renaissance Amoretti (88 sonnets) Epithalamion: a wedding song The Faerie Queene: his masterpiece; Spenserian Stanza (a 9-line stanzaic form with the rhyme scheme of ababbcbcc and with the first 8 lines in iambicpentameter, and the last in Alexandrine)The Period of RenaissanceShakespeare’s poems: 2 narrative poems & 154 sonnet sequence“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” from the 18th sonnet“University Wits”: John Lily: euphuistic style; the influence of Lodge & Greene’s romances on Shakespeare’s plays; Thomas Nashe’s picaresque story, The Unfortunate TravellerThe Period of RenaissanceThe first regular English comedy: Ralph Roister Doister ……tragedy: GorboducChristopher Marlowe: greatest playwright before Shakespeare and most gifted of the “University Wits”(John Lily, Peele, Lodge, Nashe, Greene, Kyd & Marlowe). (Peele: The Old Wives’Tale, Kyd: The Spanish Tragedy)Major works: Tamburlaine; The Jew of Malta; The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus; Edward II(one man tragedy; Marlowe’s mighty line: forceful and beautiful blank verse)The Period of RenaissanceWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616)Early period: 9 history plays (Richard III, Henry IV, Henry V, etc. ); 3 early tragedies (Titus Andronicus, Romeo & Juliet, Julius Caesar); comedies (The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night)Mature period: tragedies (Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Coriolanus, Timon of Athens), tragi-comedies (Measure for Measure, All’s Well that Ends Well, Troilus and Cressida)Last period: Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, The Tempest, Pericles, ★Henry VIIIThe Period of RenaissanceBen Jonson: comedy of humors: Volpone, or the Fox; the first poet laureate (The Epigrams, The Forest, The Underwood), but first of all, dramatistJohn Donne: leader of the metaphysical schoolHe employed intricate reasoning through the use of “conceits” or far-fetched comparisons. The Flea Beaumont & Fletcher: The Maid’s TragedyFrancis Bacon: the progenitor of English materialism Instauratio Magna; The Advancement of Learning; The Essays, or Counsels, Civil & Moral; The New AtlantisThe Period of Revolution and RestorationJohn Milton: the greatest poet and pamphleteer during the bourgeois revolution in mid-17th century England Poems:Paradise Lost; Paradise Regained; Samson Agonistes; sonnets“Miltonic” lines in blank verseProse, or rather pamphlets:★Areopagitica: his defence of the freedom of the press; Of Education; Of the Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (his first important pamphlet); The Defence of the English PeopleThe two most essential things to be remembered about him: his Puritanism and his republicanismThe Period of Revolution and RestorationJohn Dryden: the most prominent Restoration playwright; the earliest literary critic of real importance He introduced the “heroic play”.All for Love (The World Well Lost)An Essay of Dramatic Poesy: his best known piece of criticismJohn Bunyan: His works are of a religious character. The Pilgrim’s Progress (allegory and dream)The Neo-classical PeriodNeo-classicism: Alexander Pope, Addison and Steele, Samuel JohnsonLiterature of Satire: Jonathan SwiftEnglish Novels of Realistic Tradition: Daniel Defoe, Henry FieldingWriters of Sentimentalism: Samuel Richardson, Oliver GoldsmithEnglish Drama of the 18th century: Richard Sheridan The Neo-classical PeriodAlexander Popethree groups of poems: An Essay on Criticism; The Rape of Lock; Translation of two epicsJoseph Addison and Richard SteeleIn their hands, the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre.The Tatler & The SpectatorSamuel Johnson: lexicographerThe Neo-classical PeriodJonathan Swift: born in Ireland; Gulliver’s TravelsPart I. Satire—the Whig and the Tories, Anglican Church and Catholic Church.Part II. Satire—the legal system; condemnation of war. Part III. Satire—ridiculous scientific experiment.Part IV. Satire—mankindDaniel Defoe: the first great realistic novelist in English literature, Robinson Crusoe, A Journal of the Plague Year, Moll FlandersHenry Fielding: ★The History of Tom Jones, aFoundling & The History of AmeliaThe Neo-classical PeriodSamuel Richardson: Pamela, the first English psycho-analytical novelOliver Goldsmith: The Vicar of WakefieldDramaRichard Sheridan: Rivals, The School for ScandalsThe two works are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as true classics in English comedy. Morality is the constant theme in his plays.The Romantic PeriodRomantic poetsBlake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats Romantic prose writersLamb, Hazlitt, De QuinceyRomantic novelist: Walter Scott, Jane Austen Romantic dramatist: ShellyThe Romantic PeriodWilliam Blake: The Song of Innocence, The Songs of Experience, Marriage of Heaven and Hell advantage: the strong visual mind“Lake Poets”: Wordsworth, Coleridge & Southey William Wordsworth: poems about nature and abouthuman lifeWordsworth & Coleridge: The Lyrical Ballads marking the beginning of Romantic AgeThe Prelude: Wordsworth’s masterpieceSamuel Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Kubla KhanThe Romantic PeriodGeorge Byron: Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Don Juan, his masterpieceP. B. Shelly: Prometheus Unbound (his masterpiece, a lyrical drama),A Defence of Poetry (an essay), To a Skylark, Ode to the West Wind (lyrics)John Keats: Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn, IsabellaThe Romantic PeriodJane Austen: Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Emma, Mansfield Park, Northanger Abbey, Persuasion She has brought the English novel to its maturity. Walter Scott’s historical novels combine a romantic atmosphere with a realistic depiction of historical background and common people’s life. Scott marked the transition from romanticism to the period realism. IvanhoeThe Victorian PeriodMajor Writers of Critical RealismNovelists: Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, the Bronte sisters, George EliotPoets:Alfred Tennyson: The Memoriam, Idylls of the King (his most ambitious work)Robert Browning: “dramatic monologue”reaches its maturity and perfection.Dramatic lyrics, Dramatic Personae, The Ring and the Book, Men and WomenDramatist: Oscar WildeThe Victorian PeriodCharles DickensPeriod of youthful optimist: Oliver Twist, The Old Curiosity Shop, Pickwick ClubPeriod of excitement and irritation: A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Dombey & SonPeriod of intensifying pessimism: Bleak House, Hard Times, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations Penetrating satireThe Victorian PeriodWilliam Thackeray: Vanity FairThe Bronte SistersCharlotte Bronte: The Professor, Jane EyreEmily Bronte: Wuthering HeightsAnne Bronte: Agnes Grey, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall George Eliot: Middlemarch(masterpiece), The Mill onthe Floss, Adam BedeThe Victorian PeriodOscar WildeThe school of aestheticismHe first advocated the theory of “art for art’s sake”The only novel: The Picture of Dorian Gray Comedies:Lady Windermere’s Fan, A Woman of No Importance, An Ideal Husband, The Importance of Being EarnestOne tragedy: SalomeThe Modern PeriodThomas Hardy: Determinism + critical realism Fiction: Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure, Far from the Madding CrowdPoetry:a.Wessex Poems and Other Versesb.Poems of the Past and the Presentc.Time’s Laughing Stocksd.Moments of Visionte Lyrics and Earlierf.The famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwellg.Winter WordsThe Modern PeriodWilliam Butler Yeats: the greatest modern poet in British literature, symbolismhis poetrya.The Responsibilitiesb.The Wild Swans at Coolec.The Towerd.The Winding Stair(2)his dramasa.The Hour Glassb.The Land of Heart’s Desirec.On Baile’s StrandThe Modern PeriodT.S. Eliot 唯一一个在英美文学中都提到的诗人poemsThe Love Song of J. Alfred PrufrockThe Waste Land (epic)Hollow ManAsh WednesdayFour QuartersPlaysMurder in the CathedralSweeney AgonistesThe Cocktail PartyThe Confidential ClerkThe Modern PeriodJohn Galsworthy: Forsyte SagaJames Joyce: Stream of Consciousness came to the highest point as a genre of modern literaturemajor worksA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man; Dubliners; Ulysses; Finnegans WakeVirginia Woolf: Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, The Waves, Orlando, Modern Fiction(Stream of Consciousness also applied)David Herbert Lawrence: Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, Women in Love, Lady Chatterley's LoverThe Modern PeriodGeorge Bernard Shaw: the greatest English dramatist after ShakespeareShaw was very much impressed by the Norwegian dramatist Ibsen.Critical realismMajor worksWidower’s HousesMan and SupermanMajor BarbaraPygmalionHeartbreak HouseMrs. Warren’s ProfessionThe Apple CartSaint Joan21。