专八人文知识
专八人文知识
一、概况
1. 英国：
①国旗：Union Jack，国歌：Godsave the queen，首都：伦敦
②爱丁堡：苏格兰首府，Cardiff：威尔士首府，Belfast：北爱尔兰首府，英联邦成立于1931年，共53个成员国。
③英格兰脊梁：the Pennine Chain，最高峰：Ben Nevis，最重要的河：Thames river，第一大河：Severn river
④英国政治：议会君主制，君主仅是国家首脑，真正的权利在首相（Prime Minister）及其内阁（cabinet）手中。议会(Parliament)是立法机构，包括女王、上院(house of lords)、下院(house of commons)（权利真正来源）。司法(judiciary)
⑤党派：保守党（来源托利党）和工党（来源辉格党）
2. 美国：
①国旗：stars and stripes，国歌：the star-spangled banner星条旗永不落，国庆：7月4日，首都：华盛顿
②北美脊梁：Rocky Mountains，五大湖（在美国和加拿大中间）：Lake Michigan/Superior/Erie/Huron/Ontario, 其中Lake Michigan是唯一一个全在美国的湖，Lake Ontario 和Lake Erie 之间有Niagara Falls，father of waters: the Mississippi River
③纽约被称为“the Big Apple”，洛杉矶：有好莱坞，芝加哥：又名“the windy city”，旧金山：UN诞生地（1945年），波士顿：很多著名大学所在地
④著名总统：Thomas Jefferson：撰写独立宣言，Abraham Lincoln：内战时期任职，废除奴隶制，解放妇女等，Roosevelt在经济大萧条时新政，Nixon：冷战及越南战争（楚门条约）
⑤1812年，美国彻底摆脱英国控制。
⑥美国政治：总统(President)：执行（下属内阁）、议会（the Congress）：立法（分成the Senate 上院6年制, the House of Representatives2年制）、司法（judicial）：最高the Supreme Court
⑦党派：民主党（驴）：注重政府干预，和共和党（象）：注重市场
⑧美国哈佛最老，英国牛津最老
3. 加拿大：
①国庆：7月1日，官方语言为英语和法语，首都：渥太华，最老的城市：魁北克
②John Cabot：意大利探险家发现加拿大
③加拿大政治：英联邦成员国，英国女王是其君主，总督（Governor-General）：名义上行政首脑，总理(Prime Minister)：实际行政权，议会组成：女王、the House of Lords,the House of Commons)
④党派：保守党（the Conservative Party）和自由党(the Liberal Party)，新民主党(the New Democratic Party)
4. 澳大利亚：
①国庆：1月26日(1788年成立)，首都：堪培拉，悉尼是最大城市，墨尔本第二大（Victoria）
②1986年彻底摆脱英国控制
③澳大利亚政治：同加拿大
④党派：工党、自由党、国民党（the National Party）
5. 新西兰：
①国庆：2月6日，官方语言：英语和毛利语，首都：惠灵顿，最大城市：奥克兰
②新西兰政治：大部分同加拿大，但议会为一院制（unicameral），即只有众议院
③党派：国民党（保守）和工党（右翼）
6. 爱尔兰：
①又称：绿宝石岛（the Emerald Isle)，首都：都柏林，国庆：3月17日，官方语言：英语和爱尔兰语，天主教国家,，最长的河流：香农河
②爱尔兰政治：国家首脑（head of state）：总统，政府首脑（head of government）：总理，议会分为上议院和下议院（权利较大）
③党派：两极的政党体系：共和党（Fianna Fail）和统一党(Fine Gael)
二、英美文学
英国文学
中世纪（传奇文学）和文艺复兴时期（5世纪～17世纪）
1．古英语中贝奥武甫（Beowulf）：英国的民族史诗（epic poem），口头文学遗产2．Romance（传奇文学）：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
3．Geoffrey Chaucer: 代表作The Canterbury Tales，首引入英雄诗行(the Heroic Couplet)，被誉为英国诗歌之父
4．英国文艺复兴时期Thomas More: 早期人文主义者，代表作Utopia（15世纪）
5．杰出诗人：Edmund Spenser: The Faerie Queene仙后
6．杰出作家：William Shakespeare（四大悲剧/喜剧, sonnet），Ben Johnson (The Alchemist 炼金术士)
7．John Milton: Paradise Lost/ Regained
8．玄学派诗歌(Metaphysical poetry): John Donne, Andrew Marvell
9．17世纪最受欢迎作品: The Pilgrim's Progress (John Bunyan)
10．Francis Bacon: Essays
11．John Dryden: 桂冠诗人，英国戏剧史上戏剧评论的鼻祖人物，确立英雄诗行为英语诗歌标准韵律
新古典主义和浪漫主义时期（18世纪初～19世纪初）
12．新古典主义诗歌代表Alexander Pope:Iliad，An Essay on Criticism贡献文学批评和古希腊文学作品的翻译
13．Jonathan Swift: 英国最伟大讽刺散文作家，代表作：Gulliver's Travels
14．Samuel Johnson: 人文主义文学批评大家，the Preface to Shakespeare, Lives of the Poets，一人编纂英语词典：A Dictionary of the English Language（英国史上第一部标准辞书）15．18世纪是“散文世纪”，很多小说家：Daniel Defoe（英国小说之父): Robinson Crusoe, Moll Flanders; Henry Fielding: Tom Jones; Samuel Richardson: Pamela; Lawrence Sterne: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shan dy，世界文学中最典型的小说
16．18世纪中叶，工业革命破坏大自然，带来感伤主义，代表人：Olive Goldsmith（荒村），James Thomson (The Seasons), Thomas Gray
17．浪漫主义起源苏格兰农民诗人Robert Burns，代表作：Auld Lang Syne
18．William Blake: Songs of Innocence/ Experience
19．William Wordsworth与Samuel Taylor合作Lyrical Ballads: Poetry isthe spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.
20．浪漫诗人被分为湖畔诗人（Robert Burns，William Blake，William Wordsworth，Samuel Taylor）和革命诗人（Byron( Don Juan), Shelley, Keats (Ode to a Nightingale)）
21．浪漫主义时期散文家：William Hazlitt (Characters of Shakespeare's Plays) 和CharlesLamb (Tales from Shakespeare)
维多利亚时期（19～20世纪初）：最大成就小说
22．继承诗人：Robert Browning（特色dramatic monologue），Alfred Tennyson (In Memoriam)，Matthew Arnold (Essays in Criticism)
23．小说家：Walter Scott:The Heart of Midlothian, Ivanhoe 开创小说新世纪
24．女性作家：Jane Austen,Charlotte Bronte (Jane Eyre), Emily Bronte (Wuthering Heights), Anne Bronte (Agnes Grey)，George Eliot: The Mill on the Floss
25．达尔文进化论后小说进入批判现实主义，代表人：Charles Dickens, Thackeray (Vanity Fair), Thomas Hardy（还乡，无名的裘德），E.M.Foster (Howards End, A Passage to India)
26．戏剧文学代表人：George Bernard Shaw (讽刺手法Pygmalion, Saint Joan), Oscar Wilde(An Ideal Husband, A Woman of No Importance)
27．科幻小说家：Herbert George Wells: The Time Machine
诺贝尔获得者：John Galsworthy: The Forsyte Saga
专八2003-人文知识真题及答案精编版
2003年英语专八人文知识真题 31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America. [A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day 32. The university of Dublin was not founded until . [A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century 33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898. [A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party 34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to . [A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century [C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the ?fth century, the seventh century 35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens? [A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times [C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers 36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period. [A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams 37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age. [A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound 38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories. [A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent [C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government 39. studies the sound systems in a certain language. [A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics 40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called . [A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualism 2004年英语专八人文知识真题 31. The following are products imported by Australia from China EXCEPT . [A] food [B] textiles [C] steel products [D] electronics 32. Scots regard as the most important festival in a year. [A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter 33. The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became Prime Minister in 1992. [A] John Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keating 34. was known for his famous speech "I have a dream". [A] John F. Kennedy [B] Martin Luther King, Jr [C] Abraham Lincoln [D] Thomas Jefferson 35. Of all the 18th century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. [A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Johnson [C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] Henry Feilding 36. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his .
专八人文知识(练习题)
专八人文知识(练习题) 篇一：★英语专八人文知识题与答案 英语专业八级人文知识 试题(1) 美国概况练习题： 1. The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____. 2. The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____. 3. The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____. 4. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____. has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. 6. The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____. years. institutions. 9. The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________. 10. _____ (which state ) is not governed by the common law. 练习题答案及题解:
英语专八英美文学常识汇总
英语专八英美文学常识汇总
3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.
2015专八人文知识资料
人文知识汇 （十） 1. ____ is the oldest of all the parties in Ireland. A Finn Gael B The Progressive Democrats C Finna Fail D The Irish Labor Party 2. The largest state of all the states of America is___. A Texas B Alaska C California D Hawaii 3. had the title “the Wizard of Menlo Park”. A John Stevens B Charlie Chaplin C Thomas A Edison D Robert Fulton 4. major works: Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures. A Loenardo da Vinci's B Titian C Raphael D Michelangelo 5. Which of the following was best known for his Madona (Virgin Mary)? ___ A Raphael B Michelangelo C Da Vinci D Titian 6. The first American President who inaugurated in Washington City was__. A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson C John Adants D Andrew Jackson 7. The “Big Stick”Policy was advanced by President__. A Franklin D. Roosevelt B William Mckinley C Thomas Woodrow Wilson D Theodore Rooservelt 8. What is the largest river in America? A the Ohio River B The Columbia C the Mississippi River D The Colorado 9. The United States is ___ populous country in the world. A the third most B the second most C the most D the fourth most 10.Which of the following is the father of the modern mode of painting? __ A Raphael B Titain C Loenardo da Vinci D Michelangelo 答案： 1.选D.爱尔兰最古老的政党是工党(The Irish Labour Party)，Finna Fail是爱尔兰的最大党，又称命运战士党(Soldiers of Destiny) 2.选B. Alaska(阿拉加斯州)是位于北美洲西北部，与美国本土48周不毗连，是美国所有州中面积最大的州。而在美国大陆，最大的州市Texas(得克萨斯州);美国最小的州是Rhode Island(罗得岛州) 3.选C.Thomas A Edison (爱迪生，1847-1931)美国著名的发明家，获得电灯、留声机、电影放映机等10093项发明专利权，1876年创办世界第一个工业试验室。“the Wizard of Menlo Park”(门洛帕奇的奇才)是人们对爱迪生的别称。Wizard指奇才，Menlo Park是新泽西州东北部的爱迪生纪念塔及州立公园所在地。 4.选A.达芬奇的《最后的晚餐》是世界上最有名的以宗教为主题的绘画作品，其《蒙娜丽莎》是世界俄上不朽的人物肖像画。他与Michelangelo (米卡朗琪罗)，Raphael (拉斐尔)和Titian (提香)是意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期的四大代表。 5.选A. Raphael (拉斐尔，1483-1520)是意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期著名的画家、建筑师，其代表作《圣母玛利亚》(Virgin Mary)影响深远。 6.选B.Thomas Jefferson (托马斯?杰斐逊)，美国第2届总统(1801-1809)，是the Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》的主要起草者，杰斐逊是第一位在首都华盛顿宣誓就职的总体。 7.选D.“Big Stick”(大棒政策)指以军事力量为后盾的外交政策。此语出于Theodore Roosevelt (西奥多?罗斯福总统)喜欢引用的西非谚语“说话温柔，大棒在手。”西奥多?罗斯
专八人文知识总结(终)
专八人文知识总结(终) 英语专业八级考试人文知识 -- 文学 Ⅰ英国文学 一、 The Anglo-Saxon period古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066） The Song of Beowulf（贝奥武甫）：英国的民族史诗（epic），口头文学遗产 二、 The Anglo-Norman period中古英语时期的英国文学（1066-1350） 1、 allegory非常盛行 2、 Romance（传奇文学）：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 高文爵士和绿衣骑 士 3、Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟: “Father of English poetry”被誉为英国诗歌之父,代表作The Canterbury Tales，首引入“英雄偶句体”(the Heroic Couplet)，。 4、Ballads 民谣：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》。 三、 The Renaissance文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪） 1、 Thomas More托马斯·莫尔： Utopia《乌托邦》 2、 Thomas Wyatt 最先将sonnet引入英国文学。 3、 Philips Sidney锡德尼：An Apology for Poetry((also known as The Defense of Poetry)《为诗辩护》，这是伊丽莎白时代文学批评的最佳之作。Arcadia《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱。 4、Edmund Spenser斯宾塞: The Fairy Queen《仙后》, the greatest epic poem of the time. 5、William Shakespeare莎士比亚：plays and sonnets 四大悲剧:《哈姆雷特》Hamlet《奥赛罗》Othello《李尔王》king Lear《麦克白》Macbeth 四大喜剧:《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of Venice 《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night's Dream《皆大欢喜》As You Like It《第十二夜》Twelfth night 7、Ben Johnson 本·琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》 8、 John Donne约翰·多恩metaphysical poet“玄学派”诗歌创始人
专八人文知识总结
英国文学 一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066） 1、贝奥武夫 2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父 二、中古英语时期的英国文学 1、allegory体非常盛行 2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度 3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士 4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》 5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体） 6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》 三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪） 1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》 2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet 3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱 4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节； 5、莎士比亚： 长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》 四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白 7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》 8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人 9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣
10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一 《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑 《学术的推进》和《新工具》 四、启蒙时期（18世纪） 1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》 2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory 3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人； 《论戏剧诗》 4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作 5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》 6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌； 7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人； 8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》 9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满； 10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》； 11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史； 12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。安德鲁》；《汤姆.琼斯》，英国现实主义小说的最高成就； 13、劳伦斯、斯特恩：感伤主义小说的杰出代表，《项狄传》，第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品；《感伤的旅行》 14、Oliver Goldsmith：《好心人》；《屈伸求爱》；《威客菲尔德牧师传》，感伤主义文学； 诗歌《荒村》从新古典主义向浪漫主义过渡的标志； 散文作品《世界公民》； 15、谢里丹：《造谣学校》，莎士比亚之后最杰出的英国喜剧，是整个英国史上最优秀的作品之一；达到英国“风俗喜剧”之巅； 五、维多利亚时期的英国文学（19世纪）
英语专八人文知识考试总结
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