英语专八-最全英美文学常识.

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英语专八-最全英美文学常识.

英国文学(English Literature)一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066)a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualitiesthe folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English songCynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christc. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901)2) The Medieval Period中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500):a. Romance中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌无名诗人- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines~ 14th C,Age of Chaucer:* Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftnessthe father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”couplet; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家The Canterbury Tales:pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作)* William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471):Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547)a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd CalendarThe Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗),and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.2) Prose 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌托邦》: More与海员的对话b. John Lyly (黎里1553-160，剧作家&小说家)：EupheusEuphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means.The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根1561-1626)：英国首位散文家，中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱the trumpeter of a new age;Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic3) 戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派Edward II；The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。

专八英美文学常识

英美文学1. William Faulkner is the author of ______.A. Far From the Modeling CrowdB. Sound and FuryC. For Whom the Bell TollsD. Scarlet Letter1. Robert Frost is a famous ______.A. novelistB. playwrightC. poetD. literary critic3. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ______A. Jack LondonB. Charles DickensC. Samuel Coleridge DEmest Hemingway4. Which of the following poets is different from the others?A. John Donne.B. John Keats.C. Lord Byron.D. Percy Bysshe Shelley.5. Which of the following is not written by William Shakespeare?A. Othello.B. The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus.C. Romeo and Juliet.D. The Twelfth Night.6. Beowulf narrates a story taking place in ______.A. the MediterraneanB. Northern EuropeC. EnglandD. Scandinavia7. ______ refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality.A. AllegoryB. ConflictC. IronyD. Flashback8. William Wordsworth is an English _____.A. poetB. novelistC. playwrightD. critic9. The great transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is ______.A. NatureB. WaldenC. ExperienceD. Essays10. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT ______.A. DublinersB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManC. Jude the ObscureD. Ulysses11. The Bronte Sisters published the following famous novels EXCEPT ______.A. The Tenant of Wildfell HallB. Jane EyreC. Wuthering HeightsD. Agnes Grey12. In which novel can "Yahoo" be found?A. John Bunyan' s Pilgrim' s Progress.B. Edmund Spencer' s The Faerie Queen.C. Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.D. Henry Fielding's Tom Jones.13. The Victorian Age was largely an age of ______, eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A. pessimismB. naturalismC. modernismD. critical realism14. Mark Twain shaped the world' s view of America and made a combination of ______ andserious literature.A. American folk humorB. funny jokesC. English folkloreD. American values15. Who was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War?A. Fennimore Cooper.B. Nathaniel Hawthorn.C. Walt Whitman.D. Washington Irving.16. Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by ______.A. Christopher MarlowB. John MiltonC. William ShakespeareD. Ben Jonson17. Have a Dream is addressed by ______.A. Abraham LincolnB. John F. KennedyC. Martin Luther KingD. Ralph Waldo Emerson18. Which of the following is NOT a poem by Emily Dickinson?A. This is my letter to the world.B. heard a fly buzz — when I died.C. This is just to say.D. Because I could not stop/or death.19. Eugene 0' Neil is an American ______.A. novelistB. playwrightC. poetD. essayist20. The Romantic Age in England came to an end with the death of ______.A. Jane AustinB. Walter ScottC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. William Wordsworth21. In the works of such aesthetics as ______ and Walter Pater, the theory of "art for art's sake" is advocated.A. Oscar WildeB. Mrs. GaskellC. Alexander PopeD. Charles Lamb22. Works by ______ are characterized by stream-of-consciousness.A. George EliotB. Jane AustenC. Emily BronteD. Virginia Woolf23. Who of the followings is a playwright of the "theater of absurd" ?A. John Osbom.B. Wystan Hugh Auden.C. Bernard Shaw.D. Samuel Beckett.24. The period from 1865—1914 has been referred to as the ______ in the literary history of the United States.A. Age of RealismB. Age of ClassicalismC. Age of RomanticismD. Age of Renaissance25. With "Collected Poems" , ______won the second Pulitzer Prize.A. Ezra PondB. e. e. cummingsC. Robert FrostD. William Cullen Bryant26. ______ belongs to the second period in Shakespeare' s three stages of writing career.A. The Merchant of VeniceB. Love' s Labor LostC. HamletD. The Tempest27. Grass is a poem written by ______.A. Walt WhitmanB. Carl SandburgC. Langston HughesD. Alien Ginsberg28. William Makepeace Thackeray' s most famous work is ______.A. The School for ScandalB. Past and PresentC. Major BarbaraD. Vanity Fair29. Dover Beach is written by ______.A. Robert BrowningB. Alfred TennysonC. Mathew ArnoldD. Dylan Thomas30. The period of Old English literature refers to ______.A. about 450 — 1066B. 14th century — mid-17th centuryC. 14th century — mid-ISA centuryD. 16th century — mid-18th century31. Moby Dick is the most important work by ______.A. Jack LondonB. Herman MelvilleC. Sinclair LewisD. Ralph Ellison32. 0. Henry earned his fame mainly for his ______.A. novelsB. poemsC. short storiesD. dramas33. Francis Bacon' s ______ is a great essay on education.A. The Advancement of LearningB. The Importance of Being EarnestC. The New AtlanticD. The Learned Reading upon the Statute of Uses34. ______ is NOT a novel of Francis Scott Fitzgerald.A. Tender Is the NightB. Anna ChristieC. The Beautiful and DammedD. The Great Gatsby35. The American literature in modem period is divided into two parts by the event ofA. the expatriate movementB. the Great DepressionC. the First World WarD. the Second World War36. Which of the following novels does NOT belong to Dreiser' s Trilogy of DesirefA. The Titan.B. The Financier.C. The "Genius".D. The Stoic.37. The followings are all Dickens' works EXCEPT______.A. Oliver TwistB. Moll FlandersC. Great ExpectationsD. Bleak House38. It is generally regarded that Keats' s most important and mature poems are in the form ofA. odeB. elegyC. epicD. sonnet39. The 1954 Nobel Prize for literature was awarded to ______ for his "mastery of the artof modem narration".A. William FaulknerB. John SteinbeckC. Saul BellowD. Ernest Hemingway40. Sister Carrie is a masterpiece of ______ work.A. romanticB. classicC. neo-classicD. naturalistic41. Who is the father of English poetry?A. Shakespeare.B. Edmund Spencer.C. John Milton.D. Geoffrey Chaucer.42. The Octopus is written by ______.A. Frank NorrisB. Sherwood AndersonC. Willa GatherD. Stephen Crane43. James Baldwin' s most famous short story is ______.A. A Rose/or EmilyB. The Story of an HowC. Sonny's BluesD. A Clean, Well-lighted Place44. John Galsworthy won the 1932 Nobel Price for his work ______.A. UlyssesB. Hard. TimesC. The Forsyte SagaD. Jude the Obscure45. Which of the following poems is NOT written by George Gordon Byron?A. She Walks in Beauty.B. The Solitary Reaper.C. When We Two Parted.D. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.46.______wrote several novels with the name of "Rabbit".A. Arthur MillerB. Thomas PynchonC. John UpdikeD. Wallace Stevens47. The Road Not Taken is a poem written by ______.A. Robert FrostB. LongfellowC. Ezra PondD. Carl Sandburg48. "God help them that help themselves" is found in ______' s work.A. FranklinB. FreneauC. JeffersonD. Paine49. T. S. Eliot' s most famous long poem is ______.A. The Love Song of J. Alfred Pru/rockB. A Boy's WillC. The Waste LandD. The Golden Bough50. ______ is often credited with writing the first true " novel of incident".A. John BanyanB. Henry FieldingC. Samuel RichardsonD. Daniel Defoe51. Daisy Miller is a great work by ______.A. Henry JamesB. Mark TwainC. DreiserD. Stowe52. Hester is a character in ______.• A. Cone with the Wind B. The Fall of the House of UsherC. BabbittD. Scarlet Letter53. Jack London' s ______ is his patently autobiographical novel.A. The Call of the WildB. The Sea WolfC. Martin EdenD. The Iron Heel54. William Golding' s first and most well-known novel is ______.A. Coral IslandB. Lord of the FliesC. Treasure IslandD. The Brass Butterfly55. "To be, or not to be" is quoted from ______.A. King Lear BHamletC. Julius CaesarD. Romeo and Juliet56. The first book of the Old Testament is called ______.A. ExodusB. NumbersC. LeviticusD. Genesis57. The black man Jim is a character in Mark Twain' s ______.A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Life on the MississippiD. The Prince and the Pauper58. 0 Captain} My Captain\ was written in memory of ______.A. Walt WhitmanB. Benjamin FranklinC. Abraham LincolnD. Martin Luther King59. Which of the following works is NOT written by D. H. Lawrence?A. Women in Love.B. Sores and Lovers.C. The Rainbow.D. The French Lieutenant' s Woman.60. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between ______ and ______ centuries.A. 14th/mid-17thB. 14th/mid-18thC. 16th/mid-18thD. 16th/mid-17th61. The Crapes of Wrath is the masterpiece of ______.A. John SteinbeckB. John CheeverC. John UpdikeD. John DOS Passes62. _____ is NOT a play written by Tennessee Williams.A. Cat on a Hot Tin RoofB. The Class MenagerieC. Light in AugustD. A Streetcar Named Desire63. Robert Bums is a poet from ______.A. EnglandB. New EnglandC. IrelandD. Scotland64. Look Back in Anger is a play written by ______.A. John OsbomeB. Samuel BeckettC. Edward AlbeeD. Eugene O'Neil65. ______ is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. RomanceB. NovelC. SonnetD. Drama66. Seize the Day is regarded the best novel written by ______.A. Flannery 0'ConnerB. Saul BellowC. Ralph EllisonD. Sherwood Anderson67. ______ is NOT among the postwar poets in modem American literature.A. Robert LowellB. Gary SynderC. Alien GinsbergD. e. e. cummings68. William Blake' s The Tiger is collected in ______.A. Songs of InnocenceB. Songs of ExperienceC. Marriage of Heaven and HellD. Poetical Sketches69. The image of the famous "henpecked husband" is created by ______.A. Washington IrvingB. Fennimore CooperC. Edith Wharton D William Dean Howells70. ______ is known as "the poet' s poet".A. ShakespeareB. MarloweC. SpenserD. Donne71. The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be ______.A. O'NeilB. PoundC. Robert FrostD. Scott Fitzgerald72. ______was the most important person of the transcendental club.A. HawthornB. WhitmanC. EmersonD. Thoreau73. Shylock is a character in ______.A. The Merchant of VeniceB. The Twelfth NightC. The Winter's TaleD. Macbeth74. The compiler of A Dictionary of the English Language is ______.A. Joseph AddisonB. Richard SteeleC. Samuel JohnsonD. Laurence Stem75. The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following EXCEPTA. religionB. love and marriageC. life and deathD. war and peace76. American fiction in the 1960s and 1970s proves different from its predecessors. It is referred to as ______.A. imagismB. black humorC. new fictionD. the Beat Generation77. Together with Lawrence and Joyce, ______ is considered one of the three giants ot the modem English novel and a master of English prose.A. Henry JamesB. Joseph ConradC. E. M. ForsterD. Aldous Huxley78. This line "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is quoted from ______.A. Don Juan C Kubia KhanC. To AutumnD. Ode to the West Wind79. Stephen Crane is famous for ______.A. An American TragedyB. The AmbassadorsC. Main StreetD. The Red Badge of Courage80. "Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay". What is the figure oi this speech?A. Hyperbole.B. Simile.C. Metaphor.D. Synecdoche.81. ______ has won the Pulitzer Prize four times and Nobel Prize.A. Ernest HemingwayB. John SteinbeckC. Eugene 0' NeilD. William Faulkner82. Golden Notebook is a feminist novel written by ______.A. Amy TanB. Doris LessingC. Flannery 0' ConnorD. Kate Chopin83. Which of the following poems is written by W. H. Auden?A. Sailing to ByzantiumB. To an Athlete Dying YoungC. Musee des Beaux ArtsD. Church Going84. Beloved is the masterpiece of ______.A. Tony MorrisonB. Ralph EllisonC. John DOS PassesD. Willa Gather85.______, the author of The Interpretation of Dreams has great impact on literary creation and criticism.A. Carl JungB. Jean-Paul SartreC. Friedrich Wilhelm NietzscheD. Sigmund Freud86. Henry Fielding is the author of the great 18th century English novel, ______.A. The History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingB. PamelaC. Moll FlandersD. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy87. Tess is a character created by ______.A. D. H. LawrenceB. James JoyceC. Thomas HardyD. Dylan Thomas88. The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer' s day" is quoted from Shakespe-A. comediesB. tragediesC. historiesD. sonnets89. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?A. To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B. To put the stress on traditional values.C. To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D. To advocate a conscious break with the past.90. In A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, John Donne compares the lovers ' souls to ______.A. two rosesB. two circlesC. sun and moonD. twin compasses91. Utopia is ______' s work.A. Thomas MoreB. Francis BaconC. John DrydenD. George Herbert92. One of the Prime Ministers of Britain has won the Nobel Prize for literature, and that is ______.A. Margaret ThatcherB. Tony BlairC. Winston ChurchillD. John Major93. "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by ______.A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe Shelley94. Whitman' s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT ______.A. a strict poetic formB. a simple and conversational languageC. a free and natural rhythmic patternD. an easy flow of feelings95. Who initiated the name of the Lost Generation?A. Hemingway.B. Fitzgerald.C. Gertrude Stein.D. William Faulkner.96. My Last Duchess is a monologue poem written by ______.A. William ShakespeareB. Robert BrowningC. Ben JonsonD. Robert Herrick97. The high tide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around ______.A. 1820B. 1850C. 1880D. 192098. The title of Alfred Tennyson' s poem "Ulysses" reminds the reader of the following EXCEPT______.A. the Trojan WarB. Homer's OdysseyC. adventures over the seaD. religious quest99. As a literary figure, Heathcliff appears in ______.A. Jane EyreB. Oliver TwistC. Wuthering HeightsD. Middlemarch100. The publication of ______ established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of the New England Transcendentalism.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The Over-SoulD. The American Scholar101. ______ is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A. Richard SheridanB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Oscar WildeD. Bernard Shaw102. Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ______.A. Ezra PoundB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Robert FrostD. Emily Dickinson103. The success of Jane Eyre is partly due to its introduction to the English novel the first ______ heroine.A. explorerB. peasantC. workerD. governess104. ______ is the representative work of the Beat Generation.A. The Great CatshyB. On the RoadC. Look Back in AngerD. The Sun Also Rises105. Emily Grierson is a literary figure created by ______.A. Willa GatherB. Doris LessingC. William FaulknerD. Nathaniel Hawthorn106. The most significant idea of the Renaissance is ______.A. humanismB. realismC. naturalismD. skepticism107. The title of Thackeray' s "Vanity Fair" is taken from __A. The Holy BibleB. The Faerie QueenC. The Pilgrim' s ProgressD. Paradise Lost108. Mr. Micawber in David Coppeifield and Sam Well in Pickwick Papers are perhaps I best ______ characters created bv Charles Dickens.A. comicB. tragicC. roundD. sophisticated109. Thomas Pynchon can also be categorized as a Black Humor writer, as well as ______ writer.A. classicalB. transcendentalC. postmodernist D realistic110. Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is written by ______.A. Ben JonsonB. Thomas GrayC. William WordsworthD. William Blake111. Who is considered the father of American poetrv?A. Philip Freneau.B. William Cullen Bryant.C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. D Henry David Thoreau.112. In America,there is "a little woman started a great war". Who is she?A. Anne BradstreetB. Harriet Beecher StoweC. Edith WhartonD. Catharine Anne Porter113. Waiting/or Godot is a ______.A. poemB. playC. short storyD. novel114. Which of the following poets has once won the Nobel Prize?A. William Butler Yeats.B. Thomas Hardy.C. Wystan Hugh Auden.D. Dylan Thomas.115. ______ is NOT written by Edgar Allan Poe.A. The RavenB. Annabel LeeC. The Fall of the House of UsherD. Song to Celia116. Arthur Miller is an American ______.A. novelistB. poetC. playwrightD. essayist117. Mr. Darcy is a character in ______.A. Tess of the D' UrbervillesB. Pride and PrejudiceC. Happy PrinceD. The Mill on the Floss118. Iceberg Theory is a writing principle proposed and closely followed by ______.A. Jack LondonB. Sinclair LewisC. William FaulknerD. Ernest Hemingway119. ______ is featured by black humor.A. CaricatureB. Catch-22C. The Catcher in the Rye C. Death of a Salesman120. Who is the only woman writer that has won both Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize?A. Pearl Buck.B. Virginia Woolf.C. Tony Morrison.D. Katharine Mansfield.。

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

英语专八英美文学常识汇总3专八人文知识:英国地理概况the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea.英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。

the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters.迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。

"the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain.1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。

gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands.盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。

the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.英格兰脊梁：指的是山脉的背脊。

lead ore: british lead ores have been worked since pre-roman times. it contains silver.铅矿：自前罗马时代开始，英国的铅矿就被开发了。

tem8-英美文学知识（1）

英美文学知识第一节英国文学一、古英语时期的英国文学 (约499-1066)Alliteration – Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- national epicCaedmon (开德蒙)Anthem《赞美诗》1. 诗歌Cynewulf(基涅武甫)Dream of the Rood《十字架之梦》Bede (比德)Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum《英吉利人教会史》2. 散文King Alfred(阿尔弗雷德大帝)Wessex – Father of English Prose (“英国散文之父”);Anglo-Saxon Chronicle《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》二、中古英语时期的英国文学 (14世纪 – 15世纪)1. Allegory – Romance – Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》2. Ballad – The Robin Hood Ballads《罗宾汉民谣集》3. William Langland (威廉•兰格伦)The Vision Concerning Piers the Plowman 《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》4. Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里•乔叟)Father of English Poetry (“英国诗歌之父”); The Canterbury Tales《坎特布雷故事集》;- octosyllabic & heroic couplet (八音节英雄双韵体)5. Sir Thomas Malory(托马斯•马洛礼)Le Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学 (15世纪末 – 17世纪中期)1. Humanism – classic culture2. Thomas More (托马斯•莫尔)Utopia《乌托邦》; The Painful Life of Edward V; Historie of Richard the Third《理查德三世传》3. Thomas Wyatt (托马斯•怀亚特), Henry Howard (亨利•霍华德) – Sonnet4. Philip Sidney (菲利浦•锡德尼)Arcadia《阿卡迪亚》-第一篇田园生活的传奇,“现代长篇小说的先驱”;The Defence of Poesie / Apology for Poetry《诗辩》-人文主义文学的宣言,开创近代英国的文学批评5. Edmund Spencer (埃德蒙•斯宾塞)poet’ poet – Spencerian stanza – 9行(ababbcbcc)8 iambic pentameter + 1 iambic hexameter; The FaireQueene 《仙后》被誉为英国文艺复兴时期“最杰出的史诗” nationalism, humanism, puritanism 6. Christopher Marlowe(克里斯托弗•马娄)Tamburlaine 《帖木耳大帝》; The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus 《浮士德博士的悲剧历史》7. William Shakespeare2首长诗, 154首十四行诗, 37部戏剧长诗Venus and Adonis 《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》;The Rape of Lucrece 《露克丽丝受辱记》十四行诗iambic pentameter – 14 (abab cdcd efef gg)3 quatrains + 1 couplet = Shakespearean sonnet悲剧Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth喜剧 A Midsummer Night’s Dream ; The Merchant ofVenice ; As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》; TwelfthNight历史剧Henry VI, Henry IV, Richard III(威廉•莎士比亚)戏剧传奇剧Pericles 《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》;Cymbeline 《辛白林》; The Winter’s Tale ;Tempest 《暴风雨》8. Ben Jonson (本•琼森)comedy of manners (风俗喜剧的奠基人);Every Man In His Humor 《人性互异》9. John Donne (约翰•多恩)Metaphysical Poems (“玄学派”诗歌创始人);Songs and Sonnets 《歌曲与十四行诗》10. George Herbert (乔治•赫伯特)the saint of the Metaphysical school(“玄学派诗圣”);The Temple 《神殿》11. Andrew Marwell (安德鲁•马韦尔)诗风结合了玄学派和古典主义的创作特点;To His Coy Mistress 《致他的娇羞女友》12. Francis Bacon (弗朗西斯•培根)Materialism; Essays 《随笔》(Of Study, OfTruth );The Advancement of Learning 《学术的推进》;The New Instrument 《新工具》四、资产阶级革命及启蒙时期的英国文学 (17世纪末，18世纪 )1. the Enlightenment: liberty, equality, democracy前30年：neo-classicism (崇尚古典文学的创作及美学原则)40年代到80年代：realism2. 18世纪的英国文学80年代以后：sentimentalism & pre-romanticism (崇尚情感)3. John Milton (约翰•弥尔顿)Defence of the English People 《为英国人民而辩》;Second Defence of the Englishpeople 《为英国人民再辩》;Paradise Lost (blank verse, 旧约); Paradise Regained(新约);Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》(poetical drama, closet73. Tennessee Williams (田纳西·威廉斯)The Glass Menagerie《玻璃动物园》; A Street car Named Desire《欲望号街车》; Cat on a Hot Tin Roof《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》74. Arthur Miller (阿瑟·米勒)All My Sons《都是我的儿子》; The Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》75. Edward Albee (爱德华·阿尔比)The Zoo Story《动物园的故事》; Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 《谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫》76. Sylvia Plath (西尔维亚·普拉斯)自白派; The Colossus and Other Poems《巨人》。

专业八级英美文学知识

1.William Faulkner is the author of _________.a. For From the Madding Crowdb. The Sound and Furyc. For Whom the Bell Tollsd. The Scarlet Letter2. Robert Frost is a famous __________.a. novelistb. Playwrightc. poetd. literary critic3. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by _________.a. Jack Londonb. Charles Dickensc.Samuel Coleridged. Ernest Hemingway4. Which of the following poets is different from the others?a. John Donne.b. John Keats.c. Lord Byron.d. Percy Bysshe Shelley5. Which of the following is not written by William Shakespeare?a. Othello.b. The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus.c. Romeo and Juliet.d. The Twelfth Night.6. Beowulf narrates a story taking palce in _______.a. the Mediterraneanb. Northern Europec. Englandd. Scandinavia7. __________ refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality.a. Allegoryb. Conflictc. Ironyd.Flashback8. William Wordsworth is an English ___________.a. poetb. novelistc. playwrightd. critic9. The great transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is __________.a. Natureb. Waldenc. Experienced. Essays10. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT________.a. Dublinersb. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Manc. Jude the Obscured. Ulysses11. The Bronte Sisters published the following famous novels EXCEPT _______.a. The Tenant of Wildfell Hallb. Jane Eyrec. Wuthering Heightsd. Agnes Grey12. In which novel can “Yahoo” be found?a. John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress.b. Edmund Spencer’s The Faerie Queen.c. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels.d. Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones.13. The Victorian Age was largely an age of _________, eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.a. pessimismb. naturalismc. modernismd. critical realism14. Mark Twain shaped the world’s view of America and made a combination of _______ and seriou s literature.a. American folk humorb. funny jokesc. English folklored. American values15. Who was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War?a. Fennimore Cooper.b. Nathaniel Hawthorn.c. Walt Whitmand. Washington Irving.16. Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by _________.a. Christopher Marlowb. John Miltonc. William Shakespeared. Ben Johnson17. I Have a Dream is addressed by _________.a. Abraham Lincolnb. John F. Kennedyc. Martin Luther Kingd. Ralph Waldo Emerson18. Which of the following is a poem by Emily Dickinson?a. Song of Myself. B. The Raven. C. A Red Red Rose d. Because I Could Not Stop for Death.19. Eugene O’Neil is an American __________.a. novelistb. playwrightc. poetd. essayist20. The Romantic Age in England came to an end with the death of _________.a. Jane Austinb. Walter Scottc. Samuel Taylor Coleridged. William Wordsworth21. In the works of aesthetism, the theory of “art for art’s sake” is advocated by ________.a. Oscar Wildeb. Mrs. Gaskellc. Alexander Poped. Charles Lamb22. Whose works are characterized by stream-of-consciousness?23. The most famous work by Chaucer is ________.a. Beowulfb. The Canterbury Talec. Sir Gawain and the Green Knightd. The Christ24. The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as the ________ in the literary history of the United States.a. Age of Realismb. Age of Classicalismc. Age of Romanticismd. Age of Renaissance25. ________ has been given 18 honorary degrees?a. Ezra Pondb. E.E. Cummingsc. Robert Frostd. William Cullen Bryant26. Which of t he following is NOT Shakespeare’s tragedies?a. The Merchant of Veniceb. King Learc. Hamletd. The Tempest27. Leaves of Grass is written by ________.a.Walt Whitmanb. Carl Sandburgc. Langston Hughesd. Allen Ginsberg28. William Mak epeace Thackeray’s most famous work is _________.a. The School for Scandalb. Past and Presentc. Major Barbarad. Vanity Fair29. Daver Beach is written by ________.a. Robert Browningb. Alfred Tennysonc. Mathew Arnoldd. Dylan Thomas30. The period of Old English literature refers to _________.a. 449---1066b. 14th century—mid 17th centuryc. 14th century—mid 18th centuryd. 16th century---mid 18th century31. Moby Dick is the most important work by _________.a. Jack Londonb. Herman Melvillec. Sinclair Lewisd. Ralph Ellison32. O. Henry earned his fame mainly for his _________.a. novelsb. poemsc. short storiesd. dramas33. Which of the following is NOT Francis Bacon’s essay?a. Of Studies. B. Of Travel. C. Of Wisdom. D. Of Love.34. ________ is the most famous novel of Francis Scott Fitzgerald?a. Tender Is the Nightb. This Side of Paradisec. The Beautiful and Dammedd. The Great Gatsby35. “Morte d’Arthur” is a famous work by __________.a. John Miltonb. Venerable Bedec. Thomas Maloryd. Alfred the Great36. Which of the following novels does NOT belong to Dreiser’s Trilogy of Desire?a. The titanb. The Financier.c. The Geniusd. The Stoic.37. The followings are all Dickens’ works EXCEPT _________.a. Oliver Twistb. The Vicar of Wakefieldc. Great Expectationsd. A Tale of Two Cities38. It is generally regarded that Keats’s most important ant mature poems are in the form of _______.a. odeb. elegyc. epicd. sonnet39. The 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to __________.a. William Faulknerb. John Steinbeckc. Saul Bellowd. Ernest Hemingway40. Sister Carrie is a masterpiece of _________ work.a. romanticb. classicc. neo-classicd. naturalistic41. Who is the father of English poetry?a. Shakespeare.b. Edmund Spencer.c. John Miltond. Geoffrey Chaucer.42. The Red Badge of Courage is written by ________.a. Frank Norrisb. Sherwood Andersonc. Willa Catherd. Stephen Crane43. The most distinctive achievement of Elizabethan literature is _________.a. dramab. prosec. noveld. poetry44. John Galsworthy won the 1932 Nobel Prize for his work _________.a. Ulyssesb. Hard Timesc. The Forsyte Saged. Jude the Obscure45. Which of the following poems is NOT written by George Gordon Byron?a. She Walks in Beauty.b. The Solitary Reaper.c. When We Two Parte.d. Childe Haro ld’s Pilgrimage.46. _______ wrote several novels with the name of “Rabbit”.a. Arthur Millerb. Thomas Pynchonc. John Updiked. Wallace Stevens47. The Road Not Taken is a poem written by _______.a. Robert Frostb. Longfellowc. Ezra Pondd. Carl Sandburg48. It is _______ who first made blank verse the principle instrument of English drama.a. Marloweb. Shakespearec. Spencerd. Henry Howard49. T. S. Eliot’s most famous long poem is __________.a. I Wand ered Lonely as a Cloudb. A Boy’s Willc. The Waste Landd. The Golden Bough50. Who has been regarded as the discoverer of the modern novel?a. John Banyanb. Henry Fielding.c. Samuel Richardsond. Daniel Defoe51. The Portrait of a Lady is a great work by __________.a. Henry Jamesb. Mark Twainc. Dreiserd. Stowe52. Hester is a character in _________.a. Gone with the Windb. The Fall of the House of Usherc. Babbittd. The Scarlet Letter53. In Paradise Last, the real hero created by Milton is __________.a. Godb. Adamc. Eved. Satan54. The island of Lilliput can be found in _________.a. Robinson Crusoeb. Gulliver’s Travelsc. Adventures of Tom Sawyerd. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn55. “To be, or not to be” is quoted from __________.a. King learb. Hamletc. Julius Caesard. Romeo and Juliet56. Mr. Allworthy is a kind-hearted gentleman in __________.a. A Tale of Two Citiesb. Great Expectationsc. Sons and loversd. The History of Torn Jones, a Foundling57. The black man Jim is a character in Mark Twain’s __________.a. The Adventures of Tom Sawyerb. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnc. Life on the Mississippid. The Prince and the Pauper58. The Catcher in the Rye is written by __________.a. J. D. Salingerb. Jack Londonc. Flannery O’Connord. Saul Bellow59. Which of the following works is NOT written by D. H. Lawrence?a. Women in Loveb. Sons and Lovers.c. The Rainbowd. The French Lieutenant’s Woman.60. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between _________ centuries.a. 14th and mid-17thb. 14th and mid-18thc. 16th and mid-18thd. 16th and mid-17th61. The Grapes of Wrath is the masterpiece of ___________.John Steinbeck b. John Cheever c. John Updike d. John Dos Passos62. _________ is NOT a play written by Tennessee Williams.a. Cat on a Hot Tin Roofb. The Glass Menageriec. Light is Augustd. A Streetear Named Desire63. Robert Burns is a poet from __________.a. Englandb. New Englandc. Irelandd. Seotland64. The Zoo Story is a play written by _________.a. Romanceb. Novelc. Sonnetd. Drama65. _________ is a popular literary form in the medieval period.a. Romanceb. Novelc. Sonnetd. Drama66. The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the _______century.a. 18thb. 19thc. 17thd. 20th67. _______ is the greatest songwriter in the world and the national poet of Scotland.a. William Blakeb. Robert Burnsc. Byrond. Keats68. William Blake’s The Tiger is collected in __________.a. Songs of Innocenceb. Songs of Experiencec. Marriage of Heaven and Helld. Poetical Sketches69. The image of the famous “henpecked husband” is created by _________.a. Washington Irvingb. Fennimore Cooperc. Edith Whartond. William Dean Howells70. __________ was the most important person of the transcendental club.a. Shakespeareb. Marlowec. Spenserd. Donne71. The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be _________.a. O’Neilb. Poundc. Robert Frostd. Scott Fitzgerald72. _________ was the most important person of the transcendental club.a. Hawthornb. Whitmanc. Emersond. Hemingway73. Shylock is a character in _________.a. The Merchant of Veniceb. The Twelfth Nightc. The Winter’s Taled. Macbeth74. The compiler of A Dictionary of the English Language is ________.a. Joseph Addisonb. Richard Steelec. Samuel Johnsond. Laurence Stern75. The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following EXCEPT __________.a. friendshipb. love and marriagec. life and deathd. war and peace76. American fiction in the 1960s is referred to as ________.a. imagismb. black humorc. new fictiond. the Beat Generation77. James Joyce mostly wrote about his hometown ________.a. Londonb. Dublinc. New Yorkd. Edinburgh78. This line “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” is quoted from _________.a. Dan Juanb. Kubla Khanc. To Autumnd. Ode to the West Wind79. Stephen Crane is famous for _________.a. An American Tragedyb. The Ambassadorsc. Main Streetd. The Red Badge of Courage80. _______ translated Homer’s Iliad (伊利亚特)and Odyssey (奥德赛) in Ameriean literary history.a. William Cullen Bryantb. Philip Freneauc. Edwin Arlington Robinsond. Walt Whitman81. The emotional effect and social significance made _________ the first well-known sociological novel inAmerican literature.a. The Sun Alson Risesb. Uncle Tom’s Cabinc. The Old Man and The Sead. Sister Carrie82. _______ has been entitled the “Father of American Poetry”.a. Philip Freneaub. Ralph Waldo Emersonc. William Cullen Bryantd. Walt Whitman83. Which of the following poems is written by William Butler Yeats?a. Sailing to Brzantium.b. To an Athlete Dying Youngc. Musee des Beaux Arts.d. Church Going.84. Mary Barton is a masterpiece of ________.a.George Eliotb. Samuel Butlerc. Mrs. Gaskelld. Flannery O’Connor85. Among the following poets, which is NOT a lake poet?a. William Wordsworthb. Samuel Taylor Coleridge.c. Robert Southeyd. William Collins.86. Henry Fielding is the author of the great 18th century English novel _________.a. The History of Tom Jones, a Foundlingb. Pamelac. Moll Flanderd. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy87. Tess is a character created by _________.a. D. H. Lawrenceb. James Joycec. Thomas Hardyd. Dylan Thomas88. Which of the following is NOT true for Benjamin Franklin?a. He was a famous writer.b. He was a member to draft The Declaration of Independence.c. He was a great scientist.d. He was once elected American President.89. “Gold Rush” was vividly depicted in _________ novels.a.Hemingway’sb. Mark Twain’sc. Henry James’sd. Faulkner’s90. __________ is a nineteenth century European literary movement that sought to portray familiar characters,situations, and settings in a realistic manner.a. Realismb. Modernismc. Naturalismd. Romanticism91. Utopia is _________ work.a. Thomas More’sb. Francis Bacon’sc. John Dryden’sd. George Herbert’s92. Mr. Rochester is a figure in _________.a. Wuthering Heightsb. Jane Eyrec. Vanity Faird. Uncle Tom’s Cabin93. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is an epigrammatic line by ________.a. John Keatsb. William Blakec. William Wordsworthd. Percy Bysshe Shelley94. Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT __________.a. a strict poetic formb. a simple and conversational languagec. a free and natural rhythmic patternd. an easy flow of feelings95. Who initiated the name of the Lost Generation?a. Hemingway.b. Fitzgerald.c. Gertrude Stein.d. William Faulkner.96. My Last Duchess is a monologue poem written by _________.a. William Shakespeareb. Robert Browningc. Ben Jonsond. Robert Herrick97. The high tide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around _________.a. 1820b. 1850c. 1880d. 192098. The title of Alfred Tennyson’s poem Ulysses reminds the reader of the following EXCEPT ___________.a. the Trojan Warb. Homer’s Odysseyc. adventures over the sead. religious quest99. As a literary figure, Heathcliff appears in __________.a. Jane Eyreb. Oliver Twistc. Wuthering Heightsd. Middlemarch100. The publication of __________ established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of the New England Transcendentalism.a. Natureb. Self-Reliancec. The Over Sould. The American Scholar101. _________ is considered to be the best known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works and plays inspired by social criticism.a. Richard Sheridanb. Oliver Goldsmithc. Oscar Wilded. The American Scholar102. Lyrical Ballads is the joint work between Wordsworth and his friend _________.a. Coleridgeb. Bryonc. Keatsd. Shelly103. The success of Jane Eyre is partly due to its introduction to the English novel the first _________ heroine.a. explorerb. peasantc. workerd. governess104. _________ is the representative work of the Jazz Age.a. The Great Gatsbyb. On the Roadc. Look Back in Angerd. The Sun Also Rises105. Invisible Man is a famous work by _________.a. Tennessee Williamsb. Arthur Miller106. _________ is commonly used to describe an original pattern or model from which all other things of the same kind are made.a. Allusionb. Alliterationc. Allegoryd. Archetype107 The title of Thackeray’s Vanity Fair is taken from _________.a. The Hol y Bibleb. The Faerie Queenc. The Pilgrim’s Progressd. Paradise Lost108. _________ was a southerner from Mississippi who produced 18 novels and 3 volumes of short stories in his life.a. William Faulknerb. Earnest Hemingwayc. Mark Twaind. Robert Frost109. The theme of A Tale of Two Cities is _________.a. revolutionb. wasc. loved. brotherhood110. Which of the following statements is NOT true for the Lost Generation?a. Those young people were cut off from old values.b. They wondered pointlessly and restlessly.c. They were aware that the world was crazy and meaningless.d. They boasted that people should return to nature.111. Who is considered the Poet of the American Revolution?a. Philip Freneau.b. William Cullen Bryand.c. Henry Wadsworth Longfellowd. Henry David Thoreau.112. In America, there is “a little woman started a great war”. Who is she?a. Anne Bradstreet.b. Harriet Beecher Stowe.c. Edith Wharton.d. Catharine Anne Porter.113. Waiting for Godot is a _______.a. poemb. playc. short storyd. novel114. Which of the following writers has once won the Nobel Prize?a. William Butler Yeats.b. Thomas Hardyc. Wystan Hugh Auden.d. Dylan Thomas.115. _________is NOT written by Edgar Allan Poe.a. The Ravenb. Annabel Leec. The Fall of the House of Usherd. Song to Celia116. Arthur Miller is an American __________.a. novelistb. poetc. playwrightd. essayist117. Mr. Darcy is a character in _________.a. Tess of the D’Urbervillesb. Pride and Prejudicec. Happy Princed. The Mill on the Floss118. Besides The Great Gatsby, Scott Fitzgerald wrote another famous novel _________,which was his second masterpiece.a. As I Lay Dyingb. a Good Man Is Hard to Findc. Tender Is the Nightd. The Dangling Man119. Among Shakespeare’s tragedies, _________ is the most complex in plot and most painful.a. King Learb. Hamletc. Romeo and Julietd. Othello120. _______ created the style of euphuism.a. Sir Philip Sidneyb. John Lylyc. Henry Howardd. Thomas Wyatt121. A Voldielion: Forbiding Mouming is the masterpiece of ________a. William Shakaspeareb. Edrnund spencerc. John Miltond. John Donne122. Which of the following is not Virginia Woolf’s greatest _______ writers.a. To the Lighthouseb. Mrs. Dallowayc. The Wavesd. Modern Painters123. Theodore Dreiser was one of America’s greatest _______ write rs.a. naturalisticb. realisticc. modernisticd. romantic124. _________ is the first American professional writer and the first writer of detective story in the world.125. Pygmalion is a famous play written by ________.a. William Shakespeareb. Tobias George Smollettc. Charles Lambd. Bernard Shaw126. The Renaissance was a European Phenomenon, which originated in _______.a. Franceb. Britainc. Italyd. Spain127. _______ was the greatest poet between Milton and Pope and was poet laureate for 20 years.a. Edmund Spencerb. John Drydenc. John Donned. George Herbert128. Which of the following is NOT Jane Austen’s wo rk?a. Pride and Prejudiceb. Sense and Sensibilityc. Emmad. Sister Carrie.129. Richard Brinsley Sheridan was a famous _______.a. poetb. novelistc. dramatistd. essayist130. The major representatives of America’s transcendentalist group are _______.a. Emerson and Henry David Thoreaub. Washington Irving and Emersonc. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Irvingd. Natheaniel Hawthorne and Henry David Thoreau131. Among the following novels, _______ is Thomas Hardy’s best-known novel.a. The Return of the Nativeb. Far From the Madding Crowdc. The Mayor of Casterbridged. Tess of the D’Urbervilles132. _______ was recognized as the greatest poet of Victorian England.a. Tennysonb. Robert Browningc. Mrs. Browningd. Robert Burns133. _______ is D.H. Lawrence’s semi-autographical novel.a. Sons and Loversb. Women is Lovec. Rainbowd. Lady Chatterley’s lover134. _______ was once in the same class with Franklin Pierce, America’s 14th President.a. Henry Jamesb. Jack Londonc. Edwin Arlington Robinsond. Nathaniel Hawthorne135. Richard Steele and Joseph Addison has the following contributions to Englishliterature EXCEPT that _______.a. their writings provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisieb. they give a true picture of social life of England in the 18th centuryc. the English essay completed established itself as a literary genre in their handsd. they were representatives of the realistic tradition in English literature136. ________ is the representative among the writers of aestheticism and decadence.a. Stevensonb. George Gissingc. Oscar Wilded. Ralph Fox137.The Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays is the work by _______.a. William Hazlittb. Charles Lambc. Leigh Huntd. De Quincy138. Ruskin’s social and economic thoughts have exerted deep influence on many writers and poet except _______.a. William Morrisb. Waliter Scottc. Oscar Wilded. Bernard Shaw139. Whitman’s _______ has been praised as “Democratic Bible” and as American Epic.a. Leaves of Grassb. Son of Myselfc. In a Metro Stationd. Evangeline140. _______ killed himself with a gun, just as his father did.a. Jack Londonb. Eamest Hemingwayc. Fitzgeraldd. Mark Twain141. ________ ealled himself “the trumpeter of a new age”. He was England’s first essayist.a. Richard Steeleb. Joseph Addisonc. Francis Bacond. Alexander Pope142. Don Juan is the masterpiece of _______.a. Byronb. Robert Frostc. Wordsworthd. Longfellow143. Which of the following is NOT true for Ralph Waldo Emerson?a. A great thinker.b. A famous novelist.c. A well-known essayist.d. A poet.a. Charlotte Bronteb. Virginia Woolfc. Jane Austend. George Eliot145. On the Road is the masterpiece of _______.a. Arthur Millerb. J.D. Salingerc. Allen Ginsbergd. Jack Kerouac146. Soames Forsyte is famous figure in ______ novel.a. Theodore Dreiser’sb. Henry James’sc. William Faulkner’sd. John Galsworthy’s147. Which of the following is not an American romantic writer?a. Nathaniel Hawthorneb. Herman Melvillec. Mark Twaind. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow148. The story of Prometheus Unbound is taken from _______.a. Greek mythologyb. Roman mythologyc. Bible149. Language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons is called the _______, which is the foundation of English language and literature.a. Modern Englishb. Old Englishc. Ancient Englishd. Medieval English150. ______ refers to the use of one object to represent another.a. Metaphorb. Ironyc. Symbolismd. Imagism1. b2. c3. d4. a5. b6. d7. c8. a9. b10.c11.a12.c13.d14.a15.d16.b17.c18.d19.b20.b21.a22.d23.b24.a25.c 27.a28.d29.c30.a31.b32.c33.d34.d35.c36.c37.b38.a39.d40.d41.d42.d43.a44.c45.b46.c47.a48.a49.c50.d51.a53.d54.b55.b56.d57.b58.a59.d60.a61.a62.c63.d64.c65.a66.a67.b68.b69.a70.c71.d72.c73.a74.c75.d76.b77.b79.d80.a81.b82.a83.a84.c85.d86.a87.c88.d89.b90.a91.a92.b93.a94.a95.c96.b97.a98.d99.c100.d101.d102.a103.d105.c106.d107.c108.a109.a110.d111.a112.b113.b114.a115.d116.c117.b118.c119.a120.b121.d122.d123.a124.d125.d126.c127.b128.d129.c131.d 132.a 133.a 134.d 135.d 136.c 137.a 138.b 139.a 140.b 141.c 142.a 143.b 144.c 145.d 146.d 147.c 148.a 149.b 150.c。

英语八级英美文学整理

美国文学第一阶段独立革命之前（十七世纪中期之前）（before the revolution of independence）第一节美国本土文学（美国印第安传统文学）印第安传统文学的主要内容和形式：在各种典仪上咏颂的祝词，在劳作中吟唱的歌曲，时代交口相传的部落神话故事和英雄故事，刻写在山河岩壁上的象形史诗。

第二节北美殖民时期文学（十六世纪末-----十七世纪中）（colonial settlement）这一时期的文学作品主要是一些英国的殖民地官员或者传道士、冒险家们以日记或游记等形式记录的新大陆的风土人情、自然景色和民间生活等。

John Smith 约翰·史密斯《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》A True Relation of Virginia（被认为是美国文学史上的“第一部作品”）第三节请教思想的表述（Puritanism）他们的作品主要是以传布清教主义思想的布道文为主第二阶段独立革命时期（十七世纪中期-------十八世纪末）（around the revolution of independence）独立革命前后的美国文学，标志着北美文学产生后的第一次大转折该期文学特色：充满浓烈的政治性和思辨性。

主题多为爱国主义及对于独立民主自由的热切呼唤。

Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanac《自传》The AutobiographyThomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩《常识》Common Sense 《美国危机》The America Crisis《人的权利》Rights of Human《理性时代》The Age of ReasonPhilip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺（18世纪最杰出的美国诗人，被誉为“the poet of the American revolution）《英国囚船》The British Prison Ship 《美国的荣耀蒸蒸日上》The Rising Glory of America《印第安人殡葬地》（lyric）The Indian Burying Ground 《野金银花》The Wild Honey Suckle第三阶段浪漫主义时期（18世纪末---19世纪中后期）（American Romanticism）该时期主题多为传统文化与现代文明之间的冲突、“对久远与遥远故事的兴趣”以及对死亡、潜意识的剖析等。

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

精心整理英国文学(English Literature)一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066)a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualitiesthe folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English songCynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christc. 8th C,a.~ 14th C,*b. 15th C,二、1) 诗歌b. Sir《为诗辩护》2) Prosea.b. John Lyly (黎里1553-160，剧作家&小说家)：EupheusEuphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means.The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根1561-1626)：英国首位散文家，中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱the trumpeter of a new age;Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic3) 戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派Edward II；The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。

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* William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471):Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism 十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547)a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd CalendarThe Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian StanzaSpenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗),and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.2) Prose 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌托邦》: More与海员的对话b. John Lyly (黎里1553-160，剧作家&小说家)：EupheusEuphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means.The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根1561-1626)：英国首位散文家，中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱the trumpeter of a new age;Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic3) 戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛1564-1593): University Wits大学才子派Edward II；The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。

Tamburlaine the Great《帖木儿大帝》：残酷而野心勃勃的帝王b. William Shakespeare(剧作家&, 1564-1616): 154 sonnets(十四行诗) + 37 plays + long poems; 现实主义创始人16 comedies : Merchant of Venice (Shylock; Antonio; Bassanio; Portia);The Taming of the Shrew《驯悍记》A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream; As You Like It《皆大欢喜》; The Twelfth Night;The Comedy of Errors;Much Ado About Nothing《无事生非》; The Winter’s Tale《冬天的故事》; All is Well that Ends Well《终成眷属》11 tragedies: Romeo and Juliet;Hamlet; Macbeth《麦克白》;The Tempest《暴风雨》Othello: a hero Othello vs. bad man Iago; Venice and CyprusKing Lear: British King; greatest achievement; most complex in plot and most painful10 historical plays: Henry IV; Henry Vc. Ben Jonson(琼生1562-1637 诗人&剧作家&批评家): Comedy of Humors; Volpone《狐狸》; The Alchemist《炼金术士》三、17世纪文学1) Literature of the Revolution Period (Age of Milton)资产阶级革命时期: poetry (Metaphysical玄学派+ Cavalier骑士派)a. John Donne(多恩1572-1631)：玄学派创始人; A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning《临别辞：莫悲伤》文风：obscene, vulgar and serious philosophical thinking – the conflict between body and soulThe Holy Sonnets; The Flea; Go and Catch a Falling Star; The Songs and Sonnets （主题-爱）b. John Milton(弥尔顿1608-1674)：Renaissance and Reformation (宗教改革)Paradise Regained《复乐园》;Paradise Lost《失乐园》: the greatest English epic;Satan is the heroSamson Agonistes《力士参孙》：closet drama; for reading rather than performing;On His Blindness《目盲自咏》; Areopagitica《论出版自由》; Comus;L’allegro 《快乐的人》;Lycidasc. John Bunyan(班扬1628-1688): prose writing in the Puritan Age; 文风：simpleand lively prose styleThe Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》: prose allegory depicting a human soul searching for salvation 宗教寓言“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，英国文学史上里程碑式著作。

与但丁《神曲》、奥古斯丁《忏悔录》并列世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。

2) Literature of the Restoration Period (Age of Dryden)王政复辟/德莱顿时期: tendancy to Realism and Formalismrestoration literature: cliquish culture小集团文化; French classical tastea. John Dryden (德莱顿1631-1700, 批评家&戏剧家)：first poet laureate(桂冠诗人); the father of English Criticismestablish the heroic couplet(英雄史诗式两行诗) as the fashion for satiric, didactic(说教) and descriptive(描写) poetry最先提出“玄学诗人”一词；他创造的“英语双韵体couplet”, 成为英国诗歌的主要形式之一。

All for Love; Alexander’s Feast;An Essay of Dramatic Poesy《论戏剧诗歌》: the great playwrights of Greece and Rome, 英国文艺复兴&当代法国四、18世纪英国文学: Realism (关注社会现状，普通人)The Neoclassical Period (17世纪中期-18世纪)~ Enlightenment (启蒙运动): 18th C, 法国-西欧, a progressive intellectual movement. 文艺复兴的衍伸；资本主义反对封建主义Enlighten the world with modern philosophical and artistic ideas; rationality, equality & science~ Neo-Classicism: 早期(Addison, Steele and Pope); 中期(Samuel Johnson) old classicsConform to rules and principles established by Roman and Greek Classical writers; use rimed couplet(押韵的两行诗)Order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, be judged in terms of the thematic concerna. Samuel Pepys(毕博思1633-1703): The greatest diarist in17th C The Diaryb. Alexander Pope(蒲柏1688-1744) : 新古典主义代表; master in satire and heroiccouplet;Age of Pope – 18世纪初期文风：词句工整、精练、富有哲理；对Byron影响巨大first introduced rationalism to EnglandAn Essay on Criticism(处女作); An Essay on Man; Odyssey; The Rape of the Lock《夺发记》; Dunciad《愚人记》c. Richard Steele (斯梯尔1672-1729) & Joseph Addison (艾迪生1672-1719): literary periodicalsThe Tattler(闲谈者报): 1709, by Steele; Addison wrote essays; 抨击封建偏见，傲慢的富人，及大众对赌博和决斗的反感The Spectator(旁观者报)：共同创办；the Spectator Club --- 现代英语小说先锋贡献：资产阶级新社会道德；18世纪英国社会真实写照；英语散文正式成为一大文学流派d. Samuel Johnson (字典约翰1709-1784) : literary dictator;“grand champion in literature of that age”The Dictionary of the English Language: 英语字典的基础；The Lives of English poets: 52 early English poets2) 十八世纪小说的崛起: 首批英国小说家– the Sentimentalist & the Realist* 现实主义a. Daniel Defoe(笛福1661-1731): 英国现实主义小说奠基人;Father of English and European Novels Moll Flanders The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe: the first person singularCrusoe represented the English bourgeoisie at the early stage of its development.A Journal of the Plague Yearb. Henry Fielding(菲尔丁1707-1754, 小说家&戏剧家):英国小说之父; 英国现代小说创始人；comic epic in prose创始人文风：exact study and observation of real life Joseph Andrews;AmeliaThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling《弃婴汤姆·琼斯的故事》: 18世纪英国群像；Mr. Allworthy “Prose Humor”c. Jonathan Swift(斯威夫特1667-1745, 政论家&讽刺小说家): 伟大文学创造者之一；master of English satirical prose文风：simple, clear and vigor; “Proper words in proper places, makes the true definitions of a style”Gulliver’s Travels《格列佛游记》: Liliput(小人国); Brogdingnagians(大人国); Laputa(勒普泰岛); Houyhnhnms(慧马国)The Battle of the Books; The Tale of a Tub; A Modest Proposal(bitter irony)d. Tobias George Smollett (1721-1771)：冒险小说* Sentimentalism(感伤主义): It indulges in emotion and sentiment, which are used as a sort of relief for the grief felt towards the world’s wrongs and as a kind of mild protest against social injustice.a. Samuel Richardson(理查森1689-1761): the founder of the English domestic novel 小说开始审视“发生于内心的东西”Pamela; Clarissa; The History of Sir Charles Grandisonb. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩1713-1768)：Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy《项狄传》- unusual and queer artistic formc. Oliver Goldsmith (戈德史密斯1728-1774)：Romantic school; The Deserted Village 《荒村》; She stoops to ConquerThe Vicar of Wakefield《威克菲尔德的牧师》：one of the most enduring characters in English fiction3) Poetry of the Pre-Romanticism and Sentimentalism (前浪漫主义和感伤主义诗歌)：18世纪中期a. James Thomson(汤姆森1700-1748 苏格兰)：The Seasons: theme - nature; blank verse；the first significant poem in the tradition of Pre-Romanticismb. Edward Young(杨1683-1765)c. William Collins(柯林斯1721-1759)：Ode to Evening《晚颂》d. Thomas Gray(格雷1716-1771)：sympathy for the poor and unknown, mocks the great ones who despise and hurt themElergy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽歌》；Ode on the Springe. William Blake(布莱克1757-1827 浪漫派诗人、画家、雕刻家)：symbolismThe Marriage of Heaven and HellSongs of Experience《经验之歌》: The Tiger; London; The Chimney-Sweeper《扫烟囱的孩子》世间的丑恶Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》: The Lamb Poetical Sketches《素描诗集》f. Robert Burns(彭斯1759-1796 苏格兰)：the greatest songwriter; the national poet of Scotland;the people’s poet文风：lyrics on love and friendship; simplicity; Scotch dialects My Heart’s in the HighlandA Red, Red Rose; Auld Lang Syne《旧日美好时光》; For a’ That and a’ That 《不管那一套》4) 戏剧a. John Gay(盖伊1685-1732):The Beggar’s Opera《乞丐歌剧》: one of the most conspicuous stage triumphsb. Richard Brinsley Sheridan(谢立丹1751-1816 喜剧作家)：tendency to Realismthe artificial comedy (风俗喜剧) & anti-sentimental movement 顶峰The Rivals《情敌》The School for Scandal《造谣学校》：best English comedy since Shakespeare two brothers – Joseph/Charles surface; criticize English high society for its vanity, greed and hypocrisy五、The Romantic Period英国浪漫主义文学(1798-1832) 女性小说家涌现passion, emotion and natural beautyIt begins with William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s joint work – Lyrical Ballads in 1798.It ends with the death of Walter Scott in 1832.~ The Poetic Revolution(1798-1837): Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats 反对新古典主义文学1) 特点individuals1. It is marked by a strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom.2. It returns to nature and to plain humanity for its material.3. It is marked by renewed interest and medieval ideals and literature.4. It is marked by intense human sympathy and by a consequent understanding of thehuman heart.5. It is the expression of individual genius rather than established rules.6. Spenser, Shakespeare and Milton are inspiration of the Romantic Movement.2) 诗歌– Lakers / Lake Poets (湖畔诗人, 第一代): Wordsworth, Coleridge & Southey - worshipper of naturea.William Wordsworth (华兹华斯1770-1850)：Poet LaureateLyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》：Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey 《丁登寺杂咏》;Lines Written in Early Spring 英国浪漫主义开端The Prelude《序曲》；The Solitary Reaper《孤独的割麦女》；I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud；Composed upon Westminster Bridge；Lucy Poems; My Heart Leaps Up; To the Cuckoo《致布谷鸟》b. Samuel Taylor Coleridge(柯勒律治1772-1834)：poet and literary critic；Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》；Christabel；The Rime of the Ancient Mariner(Lyrical Ballads)《古舟子咏》; The Fall of the Bastille《巴士底狱的倒塌》c. Robert Southey(骚赛)：Joan of Arc《圣女贞德》3) 诗歌–第二代诗人: 早熟、热情而短命；against the bourgeois society and the ruling class; 自由至上a. George Gordon Byron(拜伦1788-1824)：lyrical poems deal with nature and love Cain《该隐》Don Juan《唐璜》：西班牙贵族子弟周游各国，发生在18世纪后半叶。

英语专八-最全英美文学常识.