北京四中2018届高三第一次模拟考试(一模)仿真卷(A卷)理综(教师版)

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物理-北京四中2018届高三第一次模拟考试(一模)仿真卷(B卷)理综(解析版)

北京四中2018届高三第一次模拟考试（一模）仿真卷（B卷）理综第Ⅰ卷（选择题）二、选择题（本题共8小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分）14．(2017·山西太原质检)月球土壤里大量存在着一种叫做“氦3”(32He)的化学元素，是核聚变的重要原料之一。

科学家初步估计月球上至少有100万吨“氦3”，如果相关技术开发成功，将可为地球带来取之不尽的能源。

关于“氦3”与氘核(21H)聚变生成“氦4”(42He)，下列说法中正确的是A．该核反应方程式为32He＋21H→42He＋11HB．该核反应生成物的质量大于参加反应物的质量C．该核反应出现质量亏损，吸收能量D．因为“氦3”比“氦4”的比结合能小，所以“氦3”比“氦4”稳定15．(2017·河北邯郸一模)如图，某小朋友在水平桌面上将三个形状不规则的石块成功叠放在一起。

下列说法正确的是()A．石块b对a的支持力与a受到的重力是一对相互作用力B．石块b对a的支持力一定等于a受到的重力C．石块c对b的作用力一定竖直向上D．石块c受到水平桌面向左的摩擦力16．(2017·辽宁沈阳监测)如图为一个质点做直线运动的v－t图象，该质点在前4 s内向东运动，则该质点()A．在8～10 s内始终向东运动B．在前8 s内的加速度大小不变，方向始终向西C．在前8 s内的合外力先减小后增大D．在4～12 s内的位移大小为24 m17．(2017·辽宁沈阳监测)如图所示，AEFD和EBCF是两个等边长的正方形，在A点固定一个带电荷量为＋Q的点电荷，在C点固定一个带电荷量为－Q的点电荷，则下列说法正确的是()A ．E 、F 两点的电场强度相同B ．E 、F 两点的电势相同C ．将一个负电荷由E 点沿直线移动到F 点，电场力先做正功后做负功D ．将一个负电荷由E 点沿直线移动到F 点，电场力先做负功后做正功18．(2017·辽宁大连重点中学联考)如图所示，某极地轨道卫星的运行轨道平面通过地球的南、北两极，已知该卫星从北纬60°的正上方按图示方向第一次运行到南纬60°的正上方时所用的时间为1 h ，则下列说法正确的是( )A ．该卫星的运行速度一定大于7.9 km/sB ．该卫星与同步卫星的运行速度之比为1∶2C ．该卫星与同步卫星的运行半径之比为1∶4D ．该卫星的机械能一定大于同步卫星的机械能19．(2017·山西四校联考)(多选)如图所示，在纸面内半径为R 的圆形区域中充满了垂直于纸面向里、磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场。

2018届高三第一次模拟考试(一模)仿真卷(A卷)理综(教师版)

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2018 届高三第一次模拟考试（一模）理综试卷（ A 卷）
注意事项：
1 ．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形
码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2 ．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
D. 用标志重捕法调查种群密度时，两次捕获间隔时间的长短对调查结果的影响相同【解析】在 “质壁分离与复原 ”的实验中，第二次是观察质壁分离现象，第三次是观察质壁分离复
原现象，若两次观察间隔的时间过长，细胞可能由于失水时间过长而死亡，则在第三次观察时看不
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2．（ 2018 辽宁实验中学）下图是遗传信息的传递过程，在记忆细胞和效应
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D. 前者有①②③，后者只有②③ 【解析】 ①②③依次表示 DNA 分子复制、转录、翻译，而
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座
4．考试结束后，请将本题）
一、选择题（本题共 13小题，每小题 6分。每小题只有一个选项最符合题意。）
1．（ 2018 长沙铁路一中）下列关于生物膜系统的叙述，正确的是（
）
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2018年高考北京四中理科综合试题及答案(押题卷)

北京四中 2017-2018 学年度第二学期统练检测（考前）高三年级理综共 23 页 11 北京四中 2018 届理科综合能力测试本试卷共 21 页，共 300 分。

考试时长 150 分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡和答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。

可能用到的相对原子质量： H —1 C —12 N —14 O —16 Na —23 Mg —24 Al —27 S —32 Cl —35.5 Fe —56 Cu —64第一部分（选择题共 120 分）本部分共 20 题，每小题 6 分，共 120 分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

1．一般成人可以有意识的控制排尿，即可以“憋尿”，这说明A ．高级中枢可以控制低级中枢B ．排尿中枢位于大脑皮层C ．下丘脑可以产生抗利尿激素D ．渗透压感受器位于大脑皮层2．萤火虫尾部发光器能发光的机理如下图所示。

ATP 快速荧光检测仪中含有荧光素、荧光素酶等物质，用来快速检测食品表面的微生物，下列说法正确的是ATP 快速荧光检测仪 A ．ATP 是细胞中的能量货币，细胞中储存大量 ATP 为生命活动供能 B ．微生物残留量越多，产生的 ATP 越多，所发荧光强度越强 C ．ATP 快速荧光检测仪只能检测残留的需氧型微生物 D ．ATP 快速荧光检测仪直接检测葡萄糖溶液也可发荧光 3．图 1 是人们设想的宇宙飞船生态系统模式图，以下叙述不正确的是A ．图 1 中B 、C 、D 可表示航天员所需食物、氧气和水等生活资源北京四中2017-2018 学年度第二学期统练检测（考前）高三年级理综共23 页 2 4．人的直发和卷发由一对等位基因控制（D、d），DD、Dd、dd 个体的头发表现分别为非常卷曲、中等卷曲、直发；高胆固醇血症由另一对等位基因（H、h）控制，HH 个体为正常人，Hh 个体血液胆固醇含量中等，30 岁左右易得心脏病，每500 人中有一个Hh 个体。

【2018届高中语文】北京四中2018届高三第一次模拟考试(一模)仿真卷(B卷)语文(含答案)

2018届高三年级第一次模拟考试（一模）仿真卷语文（B）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷阅读题一、（辽宁师大附中2018届高三上学期期末考试）现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

毋庸置疑，人类的智能水平从整体上正如许多科幻电影与文学作品中所表现出来的那样远远超越于其他生物智能，正是因为这一点，使得人类成为地球的统治者。

因此，我们很自然地得出推论，如果人工智能超越了人类智能，人工智能很可能不再听从人类的指令，反而会与人类争夺统治权。

那么，人工智能会从整体上超越人类智能吗?我们可以从多个角度来考察人工智能超越人类智能的可能性问题。

虽然目前学界对智能及其实现方式的认识存在许多差异，但这正体现了人类对智能认识的多样性，是人类实现对智能全面深理解的必经过程，并不意味着人类对智能的全面理解是不可能的。

从这个角度看，科学家对人类智能的全面认识与实现，只是程度和时间的问题，而不是可能与不可能的问题。

已有不少学者从哲学、未来学等角度论证了人工智能发展进步的可能性与可行性。

有学者认为，我们可以在维特根斯坦哲学的启发下，在一种非公理化推理系统的技术平台上开发出具有不同配置形式的通用智能系统，并使之走向产业化和商业化。

被微软公司创始人比尔·盖茨誉为“预测人工智能未来最权威的人”的库兹韦尔坚信，人工智能会超越人类智能，而且超越的速度会比人们预想的快得多。

他认为，2045年是奇点到达的时期，这将是极具深刻性和分裂性的时间点，非生物智能在这一年将会10亿倍于今天所有人类的智慧。

北京四中2018届高三第一次模拟考试(一模)仿真卷(B卷)理综化学(解析版)

2018届高三第一次模拟考试（一模）理综试卷（B 卷）第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、选择题（本题共13小题，每小题6分。

每小题只有一个选项最符合题意。

） 7．化学与美丽中国建设密切相关，下列说法错误的是 A ．直接在田间焚烧秸秆，补充土壤中的钾元素B ．绿色化学要求从源头上消除或减少生产活动对环境的污染C ．垃圾分类的目的是提高垃圾的资源价值和经济价值，力争物尽其用D ．推广新能源汽车对降低能源消耗、减少污染物排放有重大作用【答案】A8．用N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数的数值，下列说法正确的是 A ．2.1 g 丙烯中所含的共用电子对总数为0.3N AB ．12g 石墨烯(单层石墨)中含有六元环的个数为0.5N AC ．过氧化氢分解制得标准状况下2.24 L O 2，转移电子数目为0.4N AD ．在高温高压、催化剂的条件下，56 g N 2和12 g H 2充分反应，生成NH 3的分子数为4N A 【答案】B9．2017年12月5日国家食药监总局要求莎普爱思尽快启动临床有效性试验。

莎普爱思有效成分是由苄达酸与赖氨酸生成的有机盐，苄达酸结构如图所示。

下列关于苄达酸的叙述正确的是A ．分子式为C 16H 16N 2O 3B ．属于芳香族化合物，且有弱酸性C ．苯环上的一氯代物有5种D ．所有原子可能共平面【答案】D10．下列图中的实验方案，能达到实验目的的是【答案】B11．燃料电池作为安全性能较好的一类化学电源得到了更快的发展，一种以联氨（N 2H 4）为燃料的环保电池工作原理如图所示，工作时产生稳定无污染的物质。

下列说法正确的是A ．正极的电极反应式为：O 2+2H 2O +4e -=4OH -B ．负极上每消耗1 mol N 2H 4，会有2 mol H +通过质子交换膜C ．M 极生成氮气且电极附近pH 降低D ．d 口流出的液体是蒸馏水【答案】C12．A 、B 、C 、D 、E 、F 、G 为七种短周期主族元素，原子序数依次增大。

北京四中2018届高三第一次模拟考试（一模）仿真卷（B卷）英语试卷（含答案）

北京四中2018届高三第一次模拟考试（一模）仿真卷（B卷）英语试卷（含答案）2017-2018学年下学期高三年级一模仿真测试卷英语（B）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）(略)第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A（四川省南充市2018届高三一诊）30 November 2017,Serbian tennis player Novak Djokovic defeated Scottish Andy Murray 6-1, 7-5,7-6in the Australian Open 2017 final to win the Grand Slam event (大满贯) for the sixth time. Murray has lost five Australian Open finals, facing Djokovic in all but one of them.Djokovic dominated the first set, winning 6-1 in just half an hour. He served seven aces (得分的发球) in total in the match. Murray fought back in the second set, which went up to twelvegames lasting for 80 minutes. It was the longest set and Murray had nine aces, twelve in total for the match. Djokovic had 41 unforced errors, compared to Murray?s 65.The third set lasted for 63 minutes and at 6-6 it went to a tie breaker, which Djokovic won 7--3, to win the eleventh Grand Slam title of his career.Djokovic has now equaled the record of Roy Emerson winning six Australian Opens. Djokovic after the match said,” Andy, you are a great champion and friend. I?m sure you?ll have more opportunities to fight for this trophy”. Murray congratulated Djokovic, saying “I feel like I?ve been here before. Congratulations, Novak. Six Australian Opens is an incredible feat(业绩). The last year has been incredible. Good job.” He also left a message for his wife Kim Sears, “I?ll be on the next flight home.” The couple is expecting a baby.Yesterday, Jamie Murray, Andy Murray?s elder brother，won the Australian Open Men?sdoubles with Bruno Soares. Andy Murray was there in the audience, recording his brothers speech, to which Jamie said, “Andy, you should be in bed!”21. On 30 November 2017 Djokovic beat Murray for the ________ time, and won Australian Open Final 2017.A. 5thB. 6thC. 4thD. 11th22. According to the news report, which of the following statements is true?A. It was a piece of cake for Djokovic to win the 2nd set.B. Djokovic and Murray quite admired each other.C. Djokovic became the 1st to win six Australian Opens.D. Murray couldn?t wait to go back to his wife because she just gave birth to a baby.23. According to the passage, Murray is most probably considered to be ________.A. friendly and considerateB. selfless but dishonestC. unconfident but modestD. prideful and out - goingB（山东淄博实验中学2018届高三一诊）Not so long ago, most people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future. However, one person wants to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness. Her time were not exactly impressive, but even so, he seemed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008,Shelly Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint（短跑）."Where did she come from?" asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly Ann was to prove that she wasanything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton, becoming world champion with a time of' 10.73—the fourth record ever.Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smoothand effortless, She grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didn't have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby. Maxime's early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.It didn't take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitmentfinally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.But Shelly-Ann's victory was far greater than that. The night, she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. “I have so much fire burning for my country,” Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world.As Muhammad Ali puts it, "Champions aren't made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision. "One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.24. Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?A. He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.B. He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.C. She had big problems maintaining her performance.D. She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.25. What can we infer from Shelly-Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5?A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts.B. She was eager to do more for her country.C. She became an athletic star in her country.D. She was the envy of the whole community.26. By mentioning Muhammad Ali's words, the author intends to tell us that_____.A. players should be highly inspired by coachesB. great athletes need to concentrate on patienceC. hard work is necessary in one's achievementsD. motivation allows great athletes to be on the top27. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Making of a Great AthleteB. The Dream for ChampionshipC. The Key to High PerformanceD. The Power of Full ResponsibilityC（云南曲靖市第一中学2018届高三第五次质量检测）Apple announced its new iPhones last week, but competitors? mobile phones can do many of the same things for less money.The new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge-to-edge glass screen and double cameras. But all of these features are already available in smart phones from China?s Huawei and Oppo, and Korea?s Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay $1,000 for its high-end model, some Asian phone makers can offer similar features for less.At one time, Chinese manufacturers copied features and designs from others to produce low-cost phones. But they have now added high-end features to their phones and they control nearly half the global mobile phone market.Media MarktSaturn is Europe?s biggest electronics s eller. A spokesperson for the store told Reuters that, “Huawei is seen as a relevant competitor to Apple and Samsung by covering all major price points and placing big investments in marketing and sales. ?? She also said that the Chinese companies Huawei, ZTE, Lenovo and TCL were among the top-10 best-selling smart phones in its stores.Chinese manufacturers? fast growth has been fueled by strong sales in China. But they now export 40 percent of their smart phones. That is almost double the number from just three years ago, according to the Hong Kong investment company CLSA.Huawei is currently the world?s third largest phone maker behind Samsung and Apple. According to research company Canalys, the Chinese company is getting closer to second-place Apple and might overtake it later this year. Huawei plans to show its top-of-the-line Mate 10phone on Oct. 16. The phone will have artificial intelligence features such as instant translation and image recognition and will cost less than $1,000.Other Chinese companies are looking to enter the high-end smart phone market.28. What is the text mainly about?A. Smart phone?s manufacturers.B. Apple smart phone?s features.C. Asian phone makers? fast growth.D. Competition among Asian phone makers.29. Which is NOT among the top 3 phone makers in the world?A. TCL.B. Samsung .C. Apple.D. Huawei.30. What do we know from the text?A. Huewei will have overtaken Apple by later 2017.B. Chinese makers? phones with high-end features cost less.C. The top-10 smart phones are to enter the high-endcompetition.D. 40 percent of Asian smart phones are exported now.31. What is the writer?s attitude towards Asian phone makers?A. Doubtful.B. Concerned.C. Optimistic.D. Uncertain.D（广东省化州市2018届高三第二次高考模拟）There?s a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In The World. Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too --- that?s why it made Nov 16th “International Day for Tolerance”.But first of all, what is tolerance? According to French philosopher Voltaire, tolerance “s the c onsequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty (脆弱) and error; let us pardon each othe r?s fool --- that is the first law of nature.”Very often, people don?t realize that they?re intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance. For example, the UN?s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males. But ofte n, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don?t put themselves in the shoes of women.It?s worth thinking a little about the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”. Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we?re speaking here? To agree to be “tolerant” of someone isn?t necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there?s something wrongwith them.Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share. That?s the reason we should be tolerant. It?s a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.32. What?s the purpose of the UN “International Day For Tolerance”?A. To arouse people?s awar eness of tolerance among people.B. To celebrate the founding of the UN.C. To solve the problem of global warming.D. To change peopled opinion towards globalization.33. Why do men behave intolerantly towards women?A. Because men don?t realize the purpose of the UN.B. Because men are physically stronger than women.C. Because men don?t appreciate the shoes of women.D. Because men are not willing to understand women.34. Why is it meaningless to use the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”?A. Because they are hard to pronounce in English.B. Because they don?t express the exact meaning people refer to.C. Because they can?t be translated into other languages.D. Because they can?t be used in a respectful way.35. In what sense is “tolerance” similar to “generosity”?A. Humans are advised to treat others better.B. Humans leant to find faults in others.C. Humans need to give something to others,D. Humans will change their attitudes to others.第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

语文卷北京四中高三第一次模拟考试(一模)仿真卷(A卷)Word版含答案

语文卷北京四中高三第一次模拟考试（一模）仿真卷（A卷）Word版含答案2018届高三年级第一次模拟考试（一模）仿真卷语文（A）注意事项：1 •答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2 •选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3 •非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4 •考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第I卷阅读题一、（全国名校大联考2018届高三第四次联考）现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

汉字是世界上起源最早的文字之一，传承数千年，从未中断，为世界各国文化源流所仅见，见证了中华民族光辉灿烂的文化。

以汉字的独特性为基础，在儒释道思想的浸润下，中国书法成为具有丰富文化含量的独特艺术形式。

与中国画相比，书法以汉字为基础，其思想性、抽象性都让它与中国传统文化有着更为紧密、直接的关系。

哲学家、艺术家熊秉明认为，实际上中国书法处于中国传统文化的核心部分，因为中国文化的核心在于哲学，而要使哲学精神的抽象落到现实生活，书法正起了桥梁的作用。

书法家沈鹏则强调书法的艺术性，他认为书法作为一门艺术，在本质上不给人输送知识，因此它在文化中无法担当核心的重负。

书法是纯形式的艺术，形式即其内容。

历史地看，书法的发展过程实际上就是书法风格的发展史。

近代以来，西方各种文化思潮的进入，挤压了中国传统文化的生存空间。

汉字、书法中的文化精神不断消减，很多书法工作者丧失了对文化传承的兴趣和能力，这是书法传承和发展面临的最大问题。

书法既是艺术，更是文化，它是一种真正地对人、社会、国家、民族和整个人类有滋养作用的艺术。

这滋养的力量正来源于中国传统文化思想的共同涵养。

北京四中2018届高三第一次模拟考试(一模)仿真卷(B卷)英语试卷

2017-2018学年下学期高三年级一模仿真测试卷英语（B ）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）(略) 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和D ）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

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·1·
2018届高三第一次模拟考试（一模）理综试卷
（A 卷）
注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码
粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿
纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题）
一、选择题（本题共13小题，每小题6分。

每小题只有一个选项最符合题意。

）
1．（2018长沙铁路一中）下列关于生物膜系统的叙述，正确的是（）
A. 不同的生物膜上的糖类均与蛋白质结合形成糖蛋白
B. 细胞膜可以通过高尔基体分泌的小泡实现自我更新
C. 效应T 细胞使靶细胞裂解的过程体现了细胞膜的功能特性
D. 人体肝脏细胞与神经细胞上的膜蛋白种类和含量大体相同
【解析】细胞膜上的多糖链，有的与蛋白质结合形成糖蛋白，有的与脂质结合形成糖脂，
A 错误；高尔基体分泌的小泡能与细胞膜融合，实现细胞膜的自我更新，
B 正确；效应T 细胞与靶细胞紧密接触，激活靶细胞内的溶酶体酶，使得靶细胞裂解死亡，体现细胞膜的结构特点，即具有一定的流动性，
C 错误；蛋白质是生命活动的承担者，蛋白质的种类和含量决定生物膜功能的复杂程度，肝脏细胞与神经细胞的结构功能不同，说明蛋白质的种类和含量不同，
D 错误。

【答案】B
2．（2018辽宁实验中学）下图是遗传信息的传递过程，在记忆细胞和效应
T 细胞内，所能进行的生理过程是（）A. 两者都只有①
B. 前者只有①，后者有①②③
C. 两者都只有②③
D. 前者有①②③，后者只有②③【解析】①②③依次表示DNA 分子复制、转录、翻译，而DNA 分子复制发生在细胞分裂的间期，基因的表达过程包括转录和翻译。

记忆细胞有增殖、分化能力，存在DNA 分子复制和基因的班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号
表达过程，即①②③生理过程都能进行；效应T细胞没有增殖能力，不能发生DNA分子复制，但能进行基因的表达，即只能进行②③过程。

综上分析，A、B、C均错误，D正确。

【答案】D
3．（2018广东汕头市联考）下列实验中，有关操作时间的长短对实验现象或结果影响的叙述，
正确的是（）
A. 在“质壁分离与复原”的实验中，第二次与第三次观察间隔时间的长短对实验现象的影响相同
B. 在“Ｐ标记的噬菌体侵染细菌”实验中，保温时间过长或过短对上清液检测结果相同
C. 在“观察根尖分生组织细胞的有丝分裂”实验中，解离时间的长短对实验现象的影响相同
D. 用标志重捕法调查种群密度时，两次捕获间隔时间的长短对调查结果的影响相同
【解析】在“质壁分离与复原”的实验中，第二次是观察质壁分离现象，第三次是观察质壁分离
复原现象，若两次观察间隔的时间过长，细胞可能由于失水时间过长而死亡，则在第三次观察时看
不到质壁分离复原现象，A错误；用32P标记的是噬菌体的DNA，噬菌体侵染细菌时，DNA分子进入到大肠杆菌的细胞中，蛋白质外壳留在外面，因为噬菌体较轻，搅拌离心后，大肠杆菌主要集中
在沉淀物中，噬菌体及其蛋白质外壳存在于上清液中，若保温时间过短，有一部分噬菌体还没有侵
染到大肠杆菌细胞内，经离心后分布于上清液中，上清液中会出现放射性，若保温时间过长，噬菌
体在细菌内增殖后释放出的子代，经离心后分布于上清液中，也会使上清液中出现放射性，因此保
温时间过长或过短时上清液检测结果相同，B正确；在“观察根尖分生组织细胞的有丝分裂”实验中，解离的目的是使组织细胞相互分离，若解离时间过长，则可能因细胞结构遭到破坏而影响实验结果
的观察，解离时间过短，细胞可能未分散开来，C错误；用标志重捕法调查种群密度时，若两次捕
获间隔的时间过长，则会导致第二次捕获到的有标记的个体偏少，使调查的结果偏大，D错误。

【答案】B
4．（2018山东泰安市联考）二倍体植物生活在某些环境条件下容易发生细胞分裂异常，若某二
倍体植物经有性生殖产生的子一代植株具有下列变异表现：叶片等器官比较大；抗逆性增强；高度
不育等。

则这种变异产生的途径最可能是（）
A. 亲本都在幼苗期发生有丝分裂异常，形成未减数的雌雄配子
B. 父本在幼苗期有丝分裂受阻形成四倍体，母本减数分裂形成正常雌配子
C. 亲本都在减数分裂时发生基因突变，形成染色体数正常的雌雄配子
D. 亲本都在减数分裂时发生染色体变异，形成未减数的雌雄配子
【解析】本题中子一代植株的特点含有诸多限定条件：叶片等器官比较大；抗逆性增强——这些限定条件暗示了该植株具有多倍体植株的特点，另外，题目中“高度不育”这个限定条件暗示了该
植株不是四倍体植物，而A、D都提到了“形成未减数的雌雄配子”，由此形成的子一代应该为四倍
体，故A、D错误；单倍体和三倍体植株体细胞中同源染色体不是成对存在的，其高度不育是联会
·2·。