2011年真题(解析版)[1]

2011年真题(解析版)[1]
2011年真题(解析版)[1]

2011年临床执业医师第二单元真题附答案

2011年临床执业医师第二单元真题附答案第二单元 1. 十二指肠高选择术—减少复发率 2. 降结肠癌早期表现——习惯与粪便改变 3. 肾癌表现——高血压 4. 溃疡性结肠炎并发——低血钾 5. 颈部急性蜂窝织炎并发症——呼吸困难 6. 克罗恩病不包括——裂隙样 7. 伤寒——白细胞升高 8. 胆囊动脉——肝右动脉 9. 腹部损伤穿刺阳性率——90% 10. 肝性脑病血液化验指标——血氮 11. 老年男性腹外疝——腹股沟直疝 12. 肠易激综合征——便前痛 13. 传染病病原学检查——检测特异病原体

14. 蜘蛛痣常见——上胸部 15. 胰腺炎病因——胆道系统疾病 16. 恶性肿瘤化疗疗效——肾母细胞瘤 17. 肾积水肾功能及梗阻程度检查——逆行肾盂造影 18. 传染病隐形传染——在传染病中少见 19. 汇入门静脉的血流脾血液占——20% 20. T3期多发膀胱肿瘤治疗——经尿道膀胱 21. 家族性息肉首选——肛门镜下显微 22. 肛门截石位肛裂好发——6点 23. 钩端螺旋体病原——青霉素 24. 创伤后人体代谢变化——蛋白少/糖增加/脂增加 25. 病因不明的急性腹膜炎手术切口——左肋下 26. 原发肝癌常见淋巴转移——肝门 27. 乳腺癌局部表现预后差——皮肤呈桔皮样 28. 细菌肝脓肿致病菌常侵入——门静脉

29. 胃食管反流患者定期——BARRETT食管 30. 外科治疗肝硬化门脉高压重点——治疗和预防出血 31. 腹部闭合伤导致腹膜炎最晚的——回肠 32. 急性阑尾炎/阑尾尖端指向——腹肌紧张度增加 33. 急性胰腺炎血清淀粉酶——48小时 34. 肾盂结石静脉造影显示右肾积水功能正常首选——药物治疗 35. 判断疝是否绞窄依据——疝内容物是否有血循环 36. 需要治疗的无症状菌尿——糖尿病 37. 肥皂刷手需将上肢——10cm 38. 男性充盈尿失禁——前列腺增生 39. 引起急性尿潴留病因——良性前列腺增生 40. 红斑狼疮最有价值抗体——抗核抗体 41. 慢性肾脏病继发甲旁抗——高磷血症 42. 确诊反流性食管炎——食管酸检测异常 43. 胆碱酯酶复活剂——与阿托品

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词首分别为C(认知)、 A(情感)、B(行为倾向),因而对态度的三种成分也有人称其为态度的ABC模式。 第3题 对畏惧与态度转变的研究表明,( )能达到较好的说服效果。 A 低程度畏惧 B 中等程度畏惧 C 高程度畏惧 D 任何程度畏惧 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 在大多数情况下,畏惧的唤起能增强说服效果。但是,如果畏惧太强烈,引起接受者的心理防御以至否定畏惧本身,结果会使态度转变较少。研究发现,中等强度的畏惧信息能达到较好的说服效果。 第4题 一个人的对人、对己、对事、对物的态度是( )。 A 与生俱来的 B 在先天因素基础上形成的 C 是实践锻炼的结果 D 通过学习而形成的 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 态度是通过后天学习形成的,不是天生的。无论是对人还是对事,各种态度都是通过个体与环境相互作用而形成、改变的。因此,答案选D。 第5题 社会心理学家为了避免社会赞许性的反应偏差对态度测量的干扰,发明了 ( )。 A 直接测量方法

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Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding —the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. "All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children — the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 59. In paragrah 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ________. [A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society [B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are [C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society [D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________. [A] they are expected to be leaders of the society [B] they might become a burden of the society [C] they should fully develop their potentials [D] disabled children deserve special consideration 61. This passage mainly deals with ________. [A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities [B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society [C] the special educational programs for exceptional children [D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children 62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________. [A] is now enjoying legal support [B] disagrees with the tradition of the country [C] was clearly stated by the country's founders [D] will exert great influence over court decisions 重点词汇: denote (v.表示)即de+note,de-向下,note 记录,“记录下来”→表示。Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best and by the best means.“明智”指的是以最好的方法追求最好的结果。 难句解析: ①Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. ▲第一个短句结构很简单,第二句中For these children to develop to their full adult potential是一个表示目的的状语,也可以看成是一个从主句their education must be adapted to those differences后面提前了的介词结构。 △第一个短句中exceptional一词我们从文章后面的叙述中可以知道它不是我们一般理解的“杰出的,出类拔萃的”,而应指“反常的,有缺陷的”,其实此处的exceptional是一种“身有残疾”的委婉表达法;significant应理解为“重要的,关键的”,而第二句的develop to their full adult potential的develop是一个不及物动词,意为“发展,养成”,而potential是一个名词,意为“潜能”;be adapted to的意思是“被调整,适应”。 ②While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. ▲此句由一个while引导的让步状语从句the leading actor on the stage captures our attention和一个主句构成。 △要理解本句,重点是看到它是一个类比,把残疾儿童比喻为舞台上的主要角色,而他们的家庭和社会环境被比喻为配角和戏剧的布景。在考研的阅读理解中,当我们碰到作者使用各种比喻和类比时,最重要的一点就是要弄清其用比喻来说明的对象。 ③And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding — the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.

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