练习及答案(3)
二级注册计量师考试：2022综合练习真题模拟及答案(3)
二级注册计量师考试：2022综合练习真题模拟及答案(3)1、基本单位是指所选定的量制，所选择用以表示（）量的计量单位。
（单选题）A. 全部B. 各种C. 基本D. 实用试题答案：C2、计量科学研究课题的阶段划分一般包括（）。
（多选题）A. 筹集资金、招聘人员B. 调研选题、申请立项C. 研究实施、撰写报告D. 鉴定验收、推广应用试题答案：B,C,D3、企、事业单位最高计量标准的主要配套设备中的计量器具可以向（）溯源。
（多选题）A. 具有相应测量能力的计量技术机构B. 法定计量检定机构C. 质量技术监督部门授权的计量技术机构D. 具有测量能力的高等院校试题答案：A,B,C4、对测量结果或测量仪器示值的修正可以采取（）措施。
（多选题）A. 加修正值B. 乘修正因子C. 给出修正曲线或修正值表D. 给出中位值试题答案：A,B,C5、对未取得《制造计量器具许可证》而制造计量器具的违法行为，可给予下列行政处罚中的哪几项：（）。
（多选题）A. 责令停止生产B. 封存制造的计量器具C. 没收制造的计量器具D. 没收全部违法所得试题答案：A,B,D6、注册计量师要客观公正，不得（）。
（单选题）A. 为某种主观期望的结论而捏造、篡改、拼凑测量结果或者测量数据、测量结果以数据为依据B. 投机取巧、断章取义、隐瞒或者歪曲事实真相C. 违反科学规律，给出与客观事实不符的结论D. 以上都是试题答案：D7、型式批准的对象是（）。
（单选题）A. 列入强检目录的工作计量器具B. 凡申请制造的计量器具新产品C. 列人强检目录的进口计量器具D. 列入《中华人民共和国依法管理的计量器具目录（型式批准部分）》的计量器具试题答案：D8、下列关于量值传递与量值溯源的叙述不正确的是（）。
（单选题）A. 量值传递是指通过对计量器具的检定或者校准，将计量基准所复现的量值通过各等级的计量标准传递到工作计量器具的活动B. 量值溯源性是指通过一条具有规定不确定度的不间断的比较链，使测量结果能够与规定的参考标准联系起来的特性C. 量值传递与量值溯源互为逆过程。
数理逻辑练习题及答案-3
命题逻辑的推理1．判断下面推理是否正确。
先将简单命题符号化，再写出前提、结论、推理的形式结构（以蕴涵式的形式给出）和判断过程（至少给出两种判断方法）：（1）若今天是星期一，则明天是星期三；今天是星期一。
所以明天是星期三。
（2）若今天是星期一，则明天是星期二；明天是星期二。
所以今天是星期一。
（3）若今天是星期一，则明天是星期三；明天不是星期三。
所以今天不是星期一。
（4）若今天是星期一，则明天是星期二；今天不是星期一。
所以明天不是星期二。
（5）若今天是星期一，则明天是星期二或星期三。
（6）今天是星期一当且仅当明天是星期三；今天不是星期一。
所以明天不是星期三。
2．构造下面推理的证明：（1）前提：p→(q→r), p, q结论：r∨s（2）前提：p→q, ┐(q∧r), r结论：┐p（3）前提：p→q结论：p→(p∧q)（4）前提：q→p, q s, s t, t∧r结论：p∧q（5）前提：p→r, q→s, p∧q结论：r∧s（6）前提：┐p∨r, ┐q∨s, p∧q结论：t→(r∨s)3．用附加前提法证明下面各推理：（1）前提：p→(q→r), s→p, q结论：s→r（2）前提：(p∨q)→(r∧s), (s∨t)→u结论：p→u4．用归谬法证明下面推理：（1）前提：p→┐q, ┐r∨q, r∧┐s结论：┐p（2）前提：p∨q, p→r, q→s结论：r∨s5．构造下面推理的证明。
（1）如果小王是理科学生，他必学好数学；如果小王不是文科生，他必是理科生；小王没学好数学。
所以，小王是文科生。
（2）明天是晴天，或是雨天；若明天是晴天，我就去看电影；若我看电影，我就不看书。
所以，如果我看书，则明天是雨天。
答案1．设p：今天是星期一，q：明天是星期二，r：明天是星期三。
（1）推理的形式结构为(p→r)∧p→r此形式结构为重言式，即(p→r)∧p r所以推理正确。
（2）推理的形式结构为(p→q)∧q→p此形式结构不是重言式，故推理不正确。
鲁迅《拿来主义》高考论述性文本阅读练习及答案(三)
鲁迅《拿来主义》高考论述性文本阅读练习及答案（三）（一）阅读下文，完成5—8题。
（12分）拿来主义鲁迅①中国一向是所谓“闭关主义”，自己不去，别人也不许来。
自从给枪炮打破了大门之后，又碰了一串钉子，到现在，成了什么都是“送去主义”了。
别的且不说罢，单是学艺上的东西，近来就先送一批古董到巴黎去展览，但终“不知后事如何”；还有几位“大师”们捧着几张古画和新画，在欧洲各国一路的挂过去，叫作“发扬国光”。
听说不远还要送梅兰芳博士到苏联去，以催进“象征主义”，此后是顺便到欧洲传道。
我在这里不想讨论梅博士演艺和象征主义的关系，总之，活人替代了古董，我敢说，也可以算得显出一点进步了。
②但我们没有人根据了“礼尚往来”的仪节，说道：拿来！③______，能够只是送出去，也不算坏事情，一者见得丰富，二者见得大度。
尼采就自诩过他是太阳，光热无穷，只是给与，不想取得。
______尼采究竟不是太阳，他发了疯。
中国也不是，______有人说，掘起地下的煤来，就足够全世界几百年之用，但是，几百年之后呢？几百年之后，我们当然是化为魂灵，或上天堂，或落了地狱，但我们的子孙是在的，还应该给他们留下一点礼品。
要不然，则当佳节大典之际，他们拿不出东西来，只好磕头贺喜，讨一点残羹冷炙做奖赏。
④这种奖赏，不要误解为“抛来”的东西，这是“抛给”的，说得冠冕些，可以称之为“送来”，我在这里不想举出实例。
⑤我在这里也并不想对于“送去”再说什么，否则太不“摩登”了。
我只想鼓吹我们再吝啬一点，“送去”之外，还得“拿来”，是为“拿来主义”。
⑤但我们被“送来”的东西吓怕了。
先有英国的鸦片，德国的废枪炮，后有法国的香粉，美国的电影，日本的印着“完全国货”的各种小东西。
于是连清醒的青年们，也对于洋货发生了恐怖。
其实，这正是因为那是“送来”的，而不是“拿来”的缘故。
⑦所以我们要运用脑髓，放出眼光，自己来拿！⑧譬如罢，我们之中的一个穷青年，因为祖上的阴功（姑且让我这么说说罢），得了一所大宅子，且不问他是骗来的，抢来的，或合法继承的，或是做了女婿换来的。
大学英语四级练习卷及答案解析 (3)
大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1. After I heard that I took a deferred pass in botany, I was in a _____ emotional state.A. highlyB. doubtfullyC. greatlyD. nervously2. Since I could not see anything through the microscope, _______ my carefuladjustment, I gave up.A. for allB. above allC. after allD. in all3. When the Victorians had family reunions, the hosts went ______ their way to entertain the guests.A. in forB. overC. out ofD. back on4. He is such _______ selfish man that he hasn't ______ least concernfor others.A. /, theB. a, /C. a, theD. the, a5. Towards ______ evening ______ cold rain began to fall.A. the, aB. /, theC. /, aD. the, /6. My journey to Croydon proved to be a miserable one as the rain did not _____.A. dear upB. got offC. let upD. slow down7. The ordinary Zulu fighters were not _______ to Shala’s plan of throwing away their sandals.A. opposedB. objectedC. opposingD. conflicting8. Shakespeare’s ploy “The Taming of the Shrew” is on _______ 3 tonight.A. wavelengthB. postC. bandD. channel9. The tourists ________ through the fog, trying to read what was engraved on the gravestone Shakespeare had chosen for hiself.A. glancedB. glimpedC. peeredD. peeped10. After visiting the Holy Trinity Church, the boys _______ leaving so long that they almost missed the last train to London.A. put offB. delayedC. stoppedD. halted11. When our university laboratory bought this microscope we were givena one year’s _______.A. reservationB. securityC. proofD. guarantee12. Don’t _____ about lunch for the instructors, because they promised to get some on the way.A. brotherB. fussC. troubleD. think13. The football player had studied economics in the university for _____ of roughly six years.A. a decadeB. a timeC. an ageD. a period14. Caracas has been called the Los angles of South America; at _____ they look exactly the same.A. short noticeB. first sightC. first impressionD. first appearance15. A dictionary of the English language, _______ by Dr Samuel Johnson, was the first real attempt as a systematic and interestingly written survey of English usage.A. construckedB. composedC. compiledD. collected16. She said she wouldn't call us the next day, _____ she?A. wouldB. wouldn'tC. didD. didn't17. Nobody came to see me while I was out, _____?A. did theyB. didn't whileC. did sheD. didn't she18. There's no water in the bottle, ________?A. isn't thereB. is thereC. hasn't thereD. has there19. No one was absent from the meeting, _______?A. was sheB. weren't sheC. were theyD. weren't they20. You needn't speak so loudly, _____?A. don't youB. do youC. needn't youD. need you二、完型填空（共计20分）Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursinghomes. They are left in the 1 of strangers for the rest of their lives.Their 2 children visit them onlyoccasionally,but more often, they do not have any 3 visitors.The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an 4story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care 5 elderly people nee D. SamuelPrestoon, a sociologist, studied 6 the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the 7American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. 8 , because people todaylive longer after an illness than people did years 9 , family members must provide long term care. Morepsychologists have found that all caregivers10 a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that theyare the best11 for the jo B. In other words, they all felt that they 12 do the job better than anyoneelse.Social workers 13 caregivers to find out why theytook 14 the responsibility of caring for an elderlyrelative.Many caregivers believed they had 15 to help their relative.Some stated that helping others 16them feel more useful.Others hoped that by helping 17 now, they would deserve care when they becameold and 18 .Caring for the elderlyand being taken care of can be a 19 satisfying experience for everyonewho might be 20 .1.A.hands B. arms C.bodies D.homes2.A.growing B. grown C.being grown D.having grown3.A.constant B. lasting C.regular D.normal4.A.imaginary B. imaginable C.imaginative D.imagery5.A.that B. this C.those D.these6.A.when B. how C.what D.wheremon B. ordinary C.standard D.average8.A.Further B. However C.Moreover D.Whereas9.A.before B. ago ter tely10.A.share B. enjoy C.divide D.consent11.A.person B. people C.character D.man12.A.would B. will C.could D.can13.A.questioned B. interviewed C.inquired D.interrogate14.A.in B. up C.on D.off15.A.admiration B. initiative C.necessity D.obligation16.A.cause B. enable C.make D.get17.A.someone B. anyone C.everyone D.anybody18.A.elderly B. dependent C.dependable D.independent19.A.similarly B. differently C.mutually D.certainly20.A.involved B. excluded C.included D.considered三、阅读理解：(共25分)The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculturecomplained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?A. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’sB. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sC. U.S. Economy in the 50’sD. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 3, the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.A. nearby explosionB. thunderous noiseC. general public supportD. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.A. confidenceB. confusionC. disappointmentD. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?A. EconomistsB. FrmaersC. PoliticiansD. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?A. 60％B. 50％C. 33％D. 90％四、书面表达：(满分15分)请你写封信给你的朋友Tony告诉他，请他关照下你的朋友小花,内容重点如下:1.告诉这个消息2.请他给你朋友小花一些建议并给予指导注意:字数应为120词左右参考答案：一、选择题：1-5题答案:AACCC6-10题答案:CADCB11-15题答案:DADBC16-20题答案:DABCD二、完型填空1.【答案】A 本句意为他们的业余生活要由陌生人来照料。
练习3及答案
选择第7题C
选择第8题D
选择第9题A
选择第10题A
选择第11题B
选择第12题B
二、填空题答案
填空第1题protected;default;public
填空第2题Object
填空第3题ng.Character;ng.Boolean
填空第4题
What a pleasure！
void foo(double d,final float f){
String s;
final boolean b;
class Inner{
void methodInner(){
System.out.println("in the Inner");
}
}
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
Outer1 me=new Outer1();
me.foo(123,123);
System.out.println("outer");
}
}
A in the Inner outer
B outer
C in the Inner
D编译不通过
二、填空题
1.Java中类成员的限定词有以下几种：private, public,_____________,_____________。其中,_____________的限定的范围最大。
SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat ("yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' hh:mmTime = new Date();
try {
大学英语英语四级练习卷(及答案) (3)
大学英语四级试练习卷一、阅读理解阅读理解（一）The striving of countries in Central Europe to enter the European Union may offer an unprecedented chance to the continent’s Gypsies(or Roman) to be recognized as a nation,albeit one without a defined territory. And if they were to achieve that they might even seek some kind of formal place—at least a total population outnumbers that of many of the Union’s present and future countries.Some experts put the figure at4m-plus; some proponents of Gypsy rights go as high as15m.Unlike Jews,Gypsies have had no known ancestral land to hark back to. Though their language is related to Hindi,their territorial origins are misty.Romanian peasants held them to be born on the moon.Other Europeans (wrongly)thought them migrant Egyptians,hence the derivative Gypsy. Most probably they were itinerant metal workers and entertainers who drifted west from India in the7th century.However,since communism in Central Europe collapsed a decade ago,the notion of Romanestan as a landless nation founded on Gypsy culture has gained ground.The International Romany Union,which says it stands for 10m Gypsies in more than30countries,is fostering the idea of“self-rallying”.It is trying to promote a standard and written formof the language;it waves a Gypsy flag(green with a wheel)when it lobbies in such places as the United Bations;and in July it held a congress in Prague,The Czech capital.Where President Vaclav Havel said that Gypsies in his own country and elsewhere should have a better deal.At the congress a Slovak-born lawyer,Emil Scuka,was elected president of the International Tomany ter this month a group of elected Gypsy politicians,including members of parliament,mayors and local councilors from all over Europe(OSCE),to discuss how to persuade more Gypsies to get involved in politics.The International Romany Union is probably the most representative of the outfits that speak for Gypsies,but that is not saying a lot.Of the several hundred delegates who gathered at its congress,few were democratically elected;oddly,none came from Hungary,whose Gypsies are perhaps the world’s best organized,with some450Gypsy bodies advising local councils there.The union did,however,announce its ambition to set up a parliament,but how it would actually be elected was left undecided.So far,the European Commission is wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as a nation.The might,it is feared,open a Pandora’s box already containing Basques,Corsicans and other awkward peoples.Besides, acknowledging Gypsies as a nation might backfire,just when several countries,particularly Hungary,Slovakia and the Czech Republic,arebeginning to treat them better,in order to qualify for EU membership.“The EU’s whole premise is to overcome differences,not to highlight them,”says a nervous Eurocrat.But the idea that the Gypsies should win some kind of special recognition as Europe’s largest continent wide minority,and one with a terrible history of persecution,is catching on.Gypsies have suffered many pogroms over the centuries.In Romania,the country that still has the largest number of them(more than1m),in the19th century they were actually enslaved.Hitler tried to wipe them out,along with the Jews.“Gypsies deserve some space within European structures,”says Jan Marinus Wiersma,a Dutchman in the European Parliament who suggests that one of the current commissioners should be responsible for Gypsy affairs. Some prominent Gypsies say they should be more directly represented, perhaps with a quota in the European Parliament.That,they argue,might give them a boost.There are moves afoot to help them to get money for, among other things,a Gypsy university.One big snag is that Europe’s Gypsies are,in fact,extremely heterogeneous.They belong to many different,and often antagonistic, clans and tribes,with no common language or religion,Theirself-proclaimed leaders have often proved quarrelsome and corrupt.Still, says,Dimitrina Petrova,head of the European Roma Rights Center in Budapest,Gypsies’shared experience of suffering entitles them to talkof one nation;their potential unity,she says,stems from“being regarded as sub-human by most majorities in Europe.”And they have begun to be a bit more pragmatic.In Slovakia and Bulgaria, for instance,Gypsy political parties are trying to form electoral blocks that could win seats in parliament.In Macedonia,a Gypsy party already has some—and even runs a municipality.Nicholas Gheorge,an expert on Gypsy affairs at the OSCE,reckons that,spread over Central Europe, there are now about20Gypsy MPS and mayors,400-odd local councilors, and a growing number of businessmen and intellectuals.That is far from saying that they have the people or the cash to forge a nation.But,with the Gypsy question on the EU’s agenda in Central Europe,they are making ground."1.The Best Title of this passage is"[A].Gypsies Want to Form a Nation.[B].Are They a Nation.[C].EU Is Afraid of Their Growth.[C].They Are a Tribe "2.Where are the most probable Gypsy territory origins?"[A].Most probably they drifted west from India in the7th century.[B].They are scattered everywhere in the world.[C].Probably,they stemmed from Central Europe.[D].They probably came from the International Romany Union."3.What does the International Romany lobby for?"[A].It lobbies for a demand to be accepted by such internationalorganizations as EU and UN.[B].It lobbies for a post in any international Romany Union.[C].It lobbies for the right as a nation.[D].It lobbies for a place in such international organizations as the EU or UN."4.Why is the Europe Commission wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as a nation?"[A].It may open a Pandora’s Box.[B].Encouragement may lead to some unexpected results.[C].It fears that the Basgnes,Corsicans and other nations seeking separation may raise the same demand.[D].Gyspsies’demand may highlight the difference in the EU."5.The big problem lies in the fact that"[A].Gypsies belong to different and antagonistic clans and tribes without a common language or religion.[B].Their leaders prove corrupt.[C].Their potential unity stems from“being regarded as sub-human”.[D].They are a bit more pragmatic.阅读理解（二）Social circumstances in Early Modern England mostly served to repress women’s voices.Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste,silent,obedient,and subordinate.At the beginning of the17th century,the ideology of patriarchy,political absolutism,and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The Trew Law of Free Monarchie and the Basilikon Doron;by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family. Accordingly,a woman’s subjection,first to her father and then to her husband,imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch,and of all Christians to God.Also,the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons,tracts,and plays,detailing women’s physical and mental defects,spiritual evils,rebelliousness,shrewish ness,and natural inferiority to men.Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women.During the Elizabethan era(1558—1603)the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen,who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women.Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation.In the17th century,however,various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers.For one thing,some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female communities—mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks,close female friends,the separate court of Queen Anne(King James’consort)and her often oppositional masques and political activities.For another,most of these women had a reasonablygood education(modern languages,history,literature,religion,music, occasionally Latin)and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms for imagining women’s lives.Also,representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women’s mature and role.Most important,perhaps,was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence on every Christian’s immediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or her individual conscience. There is plenty of support in St Paul’s epistles and elsewhere in the Bible for patriarchy and a wife’s subjection to her husband,but some texts(notably Galatians3:28)inscribe a very different politics, promoting women’s spiritual equality:“There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free,there is neither male nor female:for ye are all one in Jesus Christ.”Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead. There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. English women throughout the17th century exercised a good deal of accrual power:as managers of estates in their husbands’absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions;as members of guilds;as wives and mothers who apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum(1640-60)as the execution of the King and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women to seize new roles—as preachers,as prophetesses,as deputies for exiled royalist husbands,as writers of religious and political tracts."1.What is the best title for this passage?"[A].Women’s Position in the17th Century.[B].Women’s Subjection to Patriarchy.[C].Social Circumstances in the17th Century.[D].Women’s objection in the17th Century."2.What did the Queen Elizabeth do for the women in culture?"[A].She set an impressive female example to follow.[B].She dominated the culture.[C].She did little.[D].She allowed women to translate something."3.Which of the following is Not mention as a reason to enable women to original texts?"[A].Female communities provided some counterweight to patriarchy.[B].Queen Anne’s political activities.[C].Most women had a good education.[D].Queen Elizabeth’s political activities."4.What did the religion so for the women?"[A].It did nothing.[B].It too asked women to be obedient except some texts.[C].It supported women.[D].It appealed to the God.二、完型填空完型填空（一）Exercise is good for you,but most people really know very little about how to exercise properly.1when you try,you can runsintostrouble.Many people2that when specific muscles are exercised,the fat in the neighbouring area is“3up”.Yet the4is that exercise burns fat from all over5.Studies show muscles which are not6lose their strength very quickly.To regain it needs48to72hours and exercise every other day will7a normal level of physical strength.To8weight you should always “work up a good sweat”when exercising.9sweating only10body temperature to prevent over heating.This is11water loss.12You replace the liquid,you replace the13.Walking is the best and easy-to-do exercise.It helps the circulation of blood14the body,and has a direct 15on your overall feeling of health.Experience says that20minutes’1617is minimun amount.18your breathing doesn’t return to normal state within minutes after you finish19,you’ve done20.1.A.While B.When C.As D.So2.A.understand B.believe C.hope D.know3.A.built B.burned C.piled D.grown4.A.reply B.possiblility C.truth D.reason5.A.arm B.leg C.stomach D.body6.A.exercised B.examined C.protected D.cured7.A.lose B.raise C.burn D.keep8.A.lose B.gain C.keep D.burn9.A.Certainly B.No C.Fortunately D.Probably10.A.raises B.reduces C.destroys D.keeps up11.A.how B.why C.nothing but D.more than12.A.While B.Once C.As D.Whenever13.A.weight B.muscle C.sweat D.strength14.A.over B.around C.throughout D.with15.A.effect e age D.affectcation B.sleep C.exercise D.rest17.A.one day B.a day C.everyday D.someday18.A.But if B.But C.If D.And if19.A.working B.walking C.exercising D.breathing20.A.enough B.much C.too much D.much too完型填空（二）Have you ever wondered what our future is like?Practically all people _1_a desire to predict their future_2_.Most people seem inclined to_3_ this task using causal reasoning.First we_4_recognize that futurecircumstances are_5_caused or conditioned by present ones.Welearn that getting an education will_6_how much money we earn later and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy_7_with a shark.Second,people also learn that such_8_of cause and effect are probabilistic(可能的)in nature.Thatis,the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are_9_,butnotalways.Thus,students learn that studying hard_10_good grades in most instances,but not everytime.Science makes these concepts of causality and probability more_11_and provides techniques fordealing _12_then more accurately than does causal human inquiry.In looking at ordinary humaninquiry,we need to_13_between prediction and understanding.Often,even if we don't understandwhy,we are willing to act _14_the basis of a demonstrated predictive ability.Whatever the primitivedrives_15_motivate human beings,satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to_16_futurecircumstances.The attempt to predict is often played in a_17_of knowledge and understanding.If youcan understand why certain regular patterns_18_,you can predict better than if you simply observe thosepatterns.Thus,human inquiry aims_19_ answering both"what"and"why"question,and we pursue these_20_by observing and figuring out.1.[A]exhibit[B]exaggerate[C]examine[D]exceed2.[A]contexts[B]circumstances[C]inspections[D]intuitions3.[A]underestimate[B]undermine[C]undertake[D]undergo4.[A]specially[B]particularly[C]always[D]generally5.[A]somehow[B]somebody[C]someone[D]something6.[A]enact[B]affect[C]reflect[D]inflect7.[A]meeting[B]occurrence[C]encounter[D]contact8.[A]patterns[B]designs[C]arrangements[D]pictures9.[A]disappointde[B]absent[C]inadequate[D]absolute10.[A]creates[B]produces[C]loses[D]protects11.[A]obscure[B]indistinct[C]explicit[D]explosive12.[A]for[B]at[C]in[D]with13.[A]distinguish[B]distinct[C]distort[D]distract14.[A]at[B]on[C]to[D]under15.[A]why[B]how[C]that[D]where16.[A]predict[B]produce[C]pretend[D]precede17.[A]content[B]contact[C]contest[D]context18.[A]happen[B]occur[C]occupy[D]incur19.[A]at[B]on[C]to[D]beyond20.[A]purposes[B]ambitions[C]drives[D]goals三、翻译1、他用所有的积蓄为儿子买了一辆自行车。
大学英语(3)练习题及参考答案
单项选择题1、Not until most of the people had left the airport___C____his sister was there.that he sawhad he seendid he seethat he had seen2、They handed in their paper____D___.in lineby turnat turnin turn3、He____D___himself quickly to the new condition of his work.changedalteredadjustedvaried4、It was well known that Thomas Edison____A___the electric lamp.inventeddiscoveredfounddeveloped5、When a fire___B____at the National Exhibition, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.broke offbroke outbroke downbroke up6、He is a kind-hearted and___B____gentleman.respectiverespectablerespectedrespectful7、I prefer to live in the countryside. Country life has a lot of____C___over city life.characterqualitiesadvantagesways8、One day while Mr. King was working, he had a(an)____B__and his left leg was badly injured.businessaccidentmatterevent9、Three people,____D___, were injured in the accident.included a childinclude a childincluding a childincludes a child10、Good-bye, Miss Liu. I’m very pleased_____D___.to meet youhaving met yoube meeting youto have met you11、We consider____B___the instrument be adjusted each time it is used.that it necessaryit necessary thatnecessary thatnecessary of it that12、Dr. Hoffman proposed that we____A___the meeting until next week.put offto put offputting offneed put off13、One of the benefits of the new model is that it is easier___C__than the old one.operatingto be operatedto operateoperated14、A lecture hall is___C____where students attend lectures.therewhichonethat15、In this factory each worker must receive a____A___training course.two-monthtwo monthstwo-monthstwo-months'16、Once he starts a job, he won’t stop____D___it is finished.tillafterbeforeuntil17、____C___all we should put the theory into practice.BesideToAboveOf18、It____D___that I met one of my old classmates on my way home yesterday.took placeoccurredbroke outhappened19、She___C____her success to hard work and strong will.ownsgivesowesregards20、The teacher spoke so fast that it was hard for the students to____A___what he was saying.take intake outtake uptake over21、The refrigerator is____D___; we must buy some food.bareblankhollowempty22、If you want to learn something, you had better pay___C___in class.carerespectattentionnotion23、I don’t think this kind of medicine has any___C____.answercauseeffectwork24、Don’t worry, your watch___D____and you can have it in no timeis repairedhas been repairedwas repairedis being repaired25、The picture is pleasant___C_____.to look atto lookto be looked atlooking at26、Do you feel like___B____today?having something eatenhaving something to eatto have something eatento have something to eat27、If there were life on Mars, such life forms___C____unable to survive on earth.isarewould bewill be28、It is____D___that he has to ask for help.so a big joba so big joba such big jobsuch a big job29、History is the story of____C___happened to the people before today.whicheverwhomeverwhateverwherever30、How the fire in the dance hall started___B____a mystery.to remainremainsremainis remaining。
西方经济学强化练习习题及答案3
短期边际成本：指短期内增加一单位产量所增加的成本量。
3．长期总成本：指厂商在长期内生产一定数量的产品所支付的费用总额。
长期平均成本：指从长期来看，厂商平均每单位产量所花费的总成本。
长期边际成本：指从长期来看厂商每增加一单位产量所增加的总成本。
4．规模经济：若厂商的产量扩大1倍，而厂商的生产成本的增加低于1倍，则称厂商的生产存在着规模经济。
4．长期成本曲线上的每一点都与短期成本曲线上的某一点相对应，但短期成本曲线上并非每一点都与长期成本曲线上的某一点对应。
5．LTC绝不会大于该产量上有最优生产规模所决定的STC。
6．在短期内，随着产量的增加，AFC逐渐变小，AC曲线与AVC曲线之间的垂直距离越来越小，但绝不会相交。
7．SMC=LMC，并且小于LAC时，LAC曲线处于上升阶段。
A 显成本 B 隐成本 C 经济利润 D 正常利润
28．对应于边际报酬递增阶段，STC曲线( )。
A 以递增的速率上升 B以递增的速率下降
C以递减的速率上升 D以递增的速率下降
29．短期内的每一产量上的MC( )。
A 是该产量上的TVC曲线的斜率，但不是该产量上的TC曲线的斜率
7．生产者均衡：即生产要素的最优组合，是指以最小成本生产最大产量的生产要素的配合比例。实现了要素的最优组合，也就是达到了利润最大化。
8．规模收益递增：若产量增加的倍数大于生产要素同比例增加的倍数则称生产是规模收益递增的。
9．总收益：是指厂商销售一定数量的产品或劳务所获得的全部收入，它等于产品的销售价格与销售数量之间的乘积。
A 规模报酬处于递减阶段 B SMC=LMC
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1．第7题
1911年以武昌起义为标志的辛亥革命是一次比较完全意义上的资产阶级民主革命，这是因为：
A.它结束了中国长达两千多年的封建君主专制制度。
B.它建立了资产阶级共和国性质的南京临时政府。
C.它颁布了具有资产阶级性质的《临时约法》。
D.它确认了国家主权“属于全体人民”的民主共和观念
E.它为中国民族资本主义的发展创造了条件。
答案:A,B,C,D,E
2．第8题
社会主义公有制是社会主义条件下全体劳动者或部分劳动者共同占有生产资料的一种所有制形式。
它包括：
A.国有经济
B.集体经济
C.混合所有制经济中的国有成分
D.混合所有制经济中的集体成分
E.股份制经济
答案:A,B,C,D
3．第9题
我国政治体制改革的主要内容是：
A.完善社会主义民主制度
B.加强社会主义法制建设
C.改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式
D.推进司法体制改革
E.深化行政管理体制改革
答案:A,B,C,D,E
4．第10题
中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度的优越性主要表现在：
A.有利于建设和发展社会主义民主。
B.有利于加强和改善党的领导。
C.有利于维护社会的长期稳定。
D.有利于调动各方面的积极因素，推进社会主义现代化建设。
E.有利于祖国的统一。
答案:A,B,C,D,E
5．第11题
“三个代表”重要思想提出的国际背景是：
A.世界政治多极化趋势不可逆转，和平和发展仍为当今世界的主题
B.经济全球化进程不断加快
C.当代科学技术迅猛发展
D.各种思想文化相互交融激荡
E.世界社会主义运动遭受严重挫折
答案:A,B,C,D,E
6．第12题
新民主主义社会的经济成分包括：
A.国营经济。
B.合作社经济。
C.个体经济。
D.私人资本主义经济。
E.国家资本主义经济。
答案:A,B,C,D,E
7．第13题
中国共产党既是中国工人阶级的先锋队，又是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，这是因为
A.这是由党产生的特点和历史使命决定的
B.这是党执政本质的内在要求
C.这是实现中华民族伟大复兴的必然选择
D.中国工人阶级的先锋队和中国人民和中华民族的先锋队在本质上是一致的
E.新的社会阶层出现
答案:A,B,C,D
8．第14题
在社会主义初级阶段，按劳分配是个人消费品分配的主体形式，这是因为：
A.社会主义生产资料公有制决定了个人消费品只能实行按劳分配原则
B.社会主义社会生产力发展的水平决定必须实行按劳分配
C.社会分工的存在使劳动者的劳动还存在差别
D.社会主义社会，劳动还仅仅是谋生的手段，劳动者还不可能不计报酬的为社会劳动
E.社会主义市场经济决定的
答案:A,B,C,D
9．第15题
新民主主义革命的统一战线的主要经验是：
A.建立巩固的工农联盟。
B.正确地对待资产阶级。
C.对统一战线内部的不同力量采取区别对待的方针。
D.坚持党在统一战线中的独立自主原则。
E.必须以武装斗争为支柱。
答案:A,B,C,D,E
10．第16题
党的十六大提出的建设社会主义政治文明的基本方针是：
A.坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国的有机统一
B.坚定不移地走中国特色社会主义民主政治的发展道路
C.完善社会主义民主政治制度
D.扩大基层民主
E.改革政治体制
答案:A,B,C,D
11．第17题
毛泽东思想的历史地位体现在：
A.毛泽东思想是夺取中国革命胜利的理论武器。
B.毛泽东思想是社会主义中国立国、建国的思想政治基础。
C.毛泽东思想是建设中国特色社会主义理论的思想渊源。
D.毛泽东思想是中华民族团结振兴的精神支柱。
E.毛泽东思想是对马克思主义列宁主义的丰富和发展
答案:A,B,C,D,E
12．第18题
加快转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级，要坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，坚持扩大国内需求特别是消费需求的方针
A.促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变
B.由主要依靠第二产业带动向依靠第一、第二、第三产业协同带动转变
C.由主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变
D.由主要依靠第一、第二产业带动向依靠第二、第三产业带动转变
答案:A,B,C
13．第19题
20世纪50年代后期，我们党在“什么是社会主义，怎样建设社会主义”的问题上，出现了一系列的错误观念，主要表现是：
A.在所有制关系上，把公有制经济视为社会主义唯一的经济成分。
B.在分配领域中，虽然提倡实行按劳分配，但实际做法却导致了平均主义
C.在经济体制上，把计划经济视为社会主义的本质特征。
D.认为阶级斗争是社会主义社会发展的动力
E.把反修防修作为社会主义的根本任务
答案:A,B,C,D,E
14．第25题
“一国两制”构想的基本内涵是：
A.“一国两制”的核心是坚持一个中国的原则。
B.大陆的社会主义制度和台、港、澳地区的资本主义制度并存于中华人民共和国内，但主体是社会主义。
C.“一国两制”构想的立足点和前提是采用和平的方式，而不是诉诸武力来实现
祖国的统一。
D.“一国两制”是国策，具有长期性，稳定性的合法性，而非权宜之计。
E.“一国两制”的构想，并不承诺放弃武力。
答案:A,B,C,D,E
15．第26题
党在过渡时期（从中华人民共和国成立到社会主义改造基本完成）的总路线是：
A.逐步实现国家的工业化。
B.逐步实现国家对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业的社会主义改造。
C.没收官僚资本归国家所有。
D.没收地主阶级的土地归农民所有
E.恢复国民经济。
答案:A,B
16．第1题
社会主义初级阶段
答案:社会主义初级阶段有两层含义：第一，我国社会已经是社会主义社会；第二，我们的社会主义还处在初级阶段。
所以社会主义初级阶段特指我国在生产力落后、商品经济不发达的条件下建设社会主义必然要经历的特定阶段。
它起始于我国社会主义改造基本完成，社会主义基本制度确立，直至基本实现现代化为止
17．第5题
“三个代表”重要思想
答案:即中国共产党要始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，始终代表中国先进文化的前进方向，始终代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。
“三个代表”的重要思想是我党必须长期坚持的指导思想
18．第6题
人民代表大会制度
答案:人民代表制度是指由全国各族人民定期选举产生人大代表组成各级人民代表大会，行使国家权力，并由人民代表大会产生其它国家机构，以实行人民管理国家的一种制度。
它是我国的根本政治制度
19．第20题
“三个有利于”标准
答案:即“是否有利于发展社会主义社会的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平”。
这就是邓小平提出的判断各项工作是否得失的“三个有利于”标准
20．第21题
社会主义初级阶段基本路线
答案: 社会主义初级阶段基本路线是党的十三大在社会主义初级阶段理论的基础上提出的指导各项工作的总纲，其核心内容是“一个中心，两个基本点”，奋斗目标是富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家。
21．第22题
半殖民地半封建国家
答案:指国家由于外国资本主义的侵入，领土完整遭到破坏，主权独立受到侵犯，封建经济结构开始解体，资本主义开始初步发展的国家
22．第2题
新民主主义社会性质
答案:1)新民主主义社会既不是一般意义的资本主义社会，也不是社会主义社会；
2)新民主主义社会属于社会主义体系，因为它既有社会主义的因素，又有资本主义的因素，但社会主义因素在经济上、政治上和文化上都处于领导地位.
23．第3题
为什么新民主主义革命的前途不是资本主义而是社会主义？
答案:1)它所处的无产阶级革命的时代决定了它的前途必然是社会主义；2)无产阶级的领导决定了革命的前途必然是社会主义；3)它为社会主义革命准备了政治经济和思想文化条件。
24．第4题
过渡时期总路线的内容
答案:1)逐步实现社会主义工业化，这是国家独立和富裕的必要条件；2)逐步实现对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业的社会主义改造，这是解决无产阶级和资产阶级的矛盾的必然要求
25．第23题
新民主主义共和国的特点
答案:1)其国体是各革命阶级联合专政，其中无产阶级是领导力量，居于领导地位。
2)其政体是实行民主集中制的人民代表大会制度。
3)新民主主义共和国是向无产阶级专政的社会主义国家的过渡形态。
26．第24题
农村革命根据地在中国产生并发展的原因
答案:1)中国社会经济发展不平衡，使得中国农村具有相对独立性，可以不依赖城市而自给自足，为坚持长期革命斗争提供了最基本的物质力量；2)中国政治发展不平衡，使得无产阶级可以充分利用统治集团的内部矛盾与统治薄弱的偏远农村，建立革命根据地并长期存在发展；3)不断向前发展的革命形势，相当力量的正式红军的存在，共产党的正确领导及良好的群众基础都促进了农村革命根据地的产生与发展。